BEETHOVENPIANO CONCERTO NO.4 PIANO & WIND QUINTET FRANC;:OIS-FREDERIC GUY ORCHESTRE PHILHARMONIQUE DE RADIO FRANCE PHILIPPE JORDAN Ludwig Van Beethoven 1770-1827

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BEETHOVENPIANO CONCERTO NO.4 PIANO & WIND QUINTET FRANC;:OIS-FREDERIC GUY ORCHESTRE PHILHARMONIQUE DE RADIO FRANCE PHILIPPE JORDAN Ludwig Van Beethoven 1770-1827 .' BEETHOVENPIANO CONCERTO NO.4 PIANO & WIND QUINTET FRANC;:OIS-FREDERIC GUY ORCHESTRE PHILHARMONIQUE DE RADIO FRANCE PHILIPPE JORDAN ludwig van beethoven 1770-1827 concerto for piano and orchestra no.4, op.58 quintet for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn and bassoon, op.16 francols-trederlc guy PIANO orchestre philharmonique de radio france helene devilleneuve OBOE jerome voisin CLARINET antoine dreyfuss HORN jean-trancols duquesnoy BASSOON philippe jordan CONDUCTOR -- ••••• -1 1---------- entre sonate et symphonie par philippe jordan Les cinq concertos pour piano de Beethoven representant bien sur pour chaque pianiste un jalon essentiel de I'histoire de la musique, un passage oblige du parcours artistique ; ludwig van beethoven 1770-1827 mais pas seulement pour les pianistes : pour tous les chefs d'orchestre aussi. Et plus qu'avec n'importe quel autre compositeur, excepte peut-etre Johannes Brahms. Car ils konzert fur klavier und orchester nrA in g-dur, op.58 I concerto for piano jettent un pont entre les symphonies, qui constituent la base du repertoire de chaque and orchestra noA in 9 major, op.58 I concerto pour piano et orchestre chef d'orchestre, et les sonates pour piano, qui sont a proprement parler Ie terreau n° 4 en sol majeur opus 58 originel de l'ceuvre entier de Beethoven. C'est a partir du piano que Ie compositeur a developpe l'idee poetique, franstorme Ie 1 Allegro moderato 18'34 virtuose concertiste en artiste libre et elargi les possbittes sonores au-dela de I'imaginable. 2 Andante con mota 4 '34 IIse devait inevitablement d'etencre ce principe a I'orchestre. Tandisque lestrois premiers 3 Rondo. Vivace 9'44 concertos offrent encore les traits du concerto classique, Beethoven inaugure, des Ie quamerne, Iegenre du « concerto symphonique ", dans lequelles deux partenaires,Ie piano et I'orchestre, evoluent sur un rnerne plan. II est extremement interessant de suivre cette quintett fur klavier, oboe, klarinette, horn und fagott in es-dur, op.16 I quintet evolution,depuis Ie « classique » premier concerto,qui doit encore beaucoupa Haydn,rnerne for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn and bassoon in e flat major, op.16 I quintette si la persomalite et I'originalite de Beethoven, avec ses idees inattendues et sinqulleres, pour piano, hautbois, clarinette, cor et basson en mi bemol majeur opus 16 s'y manifestent deja clairement, jusqu'a la poesie rasserenee du quatrleme et surtout jusqu'au problernatlque cncuierne, qui franchit toutes les limites permises, aussi bien dans 4 Grave - Allegro, ma non troppo 13'48 ses dimensions formelles et temporelles que dans son instrumentation. 5 Andante cantabile 6'59 Je suis fres heureux d'avoir trouve en Francois-FredericGuyun partenaire avec qui il m'est 6 Rondo. Allegro, ma non troppo 5'57 possible de m'aventurer sur cette voie, qui me fait Ie cadeau de sa curiosite et de son enthousiasme, mais aussi de sa confiance, de sa slncerite et de son sens du risque, et auquel je suis redevable d'innombrables idees et propositions qui ont enrichi mon travail avec I'orchestre pour cet enregistrement et enrichiront sans nul doute mon travail a venir sur les symphonies de Beethoven. ----~-------. ,-------- Ie concerto n° 4 et Ie quintette a vent par beate angelika kraus II existe du quatnerne concerto pour piano de Beethoven des esquisses datant de 1803 Friedrich Rochlitz ecrit encore en avril 1818, apres une execution du concerto a et 1804 ; la version definitive fut realisee entre 1805 et 1806 et, lors de la premiere Leipzig: « Cette ceuvre peu connue, qui compte pourtant parmi les plus originales et, viennoise en mars 1807, au palais Lobkowitz, la partie soliste etait tenue par Ie compo- partlcullerernent dans les deux premiers mouvements, parmi les plus inventives et les siteur lui-merne. L'ceuvre est dediee a « Son Altesse Imperiale l'Archiduc Rodolphe plus accomplies du maitre, fut executes par Ie soliste et par I'orchestre - et surtout, d'Autriche » ; elle marque Ie debut d'une relation etroite entre Ie compositeur et ce la encore, dans ces deux premiers mouvements - d'une tacon absolument magistrale, membre de la famille des Habsbourg. L'Archiduc Rodolphe etait non seulement l'eleve qui a produit un merveilleux effet. » L'originalitese manifeste des Iedebut: a la difference de Beethoven pour Ie piano et la composition, mais eqalernent son protecteur et, en des concertos anterieurs, I'instrument soliste entre lrnmedlatement, sans attendre la 1809, I'un des trois bienfaiteurs princiers a I'origine de la pension annuelle allouee au fin de la premiere ritournelle orchestrale. L'orchestre n'a donc plus la fonction de compositeur. Beethoven demeura Ie seul, parmi les compositeurs de l'epoque, avec preparer I'intervention du pianiste ; a I'inverse, Ie soliste ne reprend plus Ie materiau lequel Rodolphe entretint un contact aussi etroit, et nul autre que lui ne lui deda de deja expose. Le pianiste commence seul, suivi d'une reponse conflee aux cordes sans compositions, et surtout de telles ceuvres pour piano. Dans Ie cas du quatrleme contrebasse, puis d'un long episode orchestral. Les roles classiques sont abandonnes ; concerto, cette relation est encore attestee d'une autre rnaniere : dans Ie manuscrit de nouvelles voies sont ouvertes. de Beethoven, il existe six cadences fort dltterentes, cornposees respectivement pour Le mouvement lent, en mi mineur, inhabituellement court et dornine par Ie contraste les premier et troisierne mouvements du concerto. Ces cadences autographes se entre la partie de piano et I'orchestre reduit aux seules cordes, a tres tot fait I'objet trouvaient dans la bibliotheque de l'Archiduc Rodolphe, et elles portent la rnerne cote d'interpretatlons programmatiques.Adolph Bernhard Marx Ie rapprochait de I'Orteoed que l'edition lrnprimee en sa possession. Une note manuscrite precise a quel endroit Euridice de Gluck, et forgeait par la rnerne une tradition d'interpretation. Les couleurs exact ces cadences doivent etre introduites. Nous pouvons donc penser que Beethoven de timbres jouent un role preponderant, lorsque Ie soliste, en de larges respirations, a compose des cadences a I'intention particullere de son eleve. deroule un chant plaintif, [oue malta cantabile, malta espressivo et una corda, tandis Selon I'usage de l'epoque, l'edltion originale de 1808 parut en parties separees. que les cordes lui repondent par un sempre staccato imperturbable et brutal, evoquant La partie de piano servait eqalernent de partition de direction. Pour donner une vue les furies d' Orteo. Puis, contormernent a I'indication due e poi tre coree, Ie piano d'ensemble satisfaisante d'une ceuvre aussi complexe, Ie nombre des indications revient peu a peu a une sonorite pleine. Les accords sereins sur lesquels s'acheve Ie orchestrales figurant sur la partie de piano est tres nettement superieur a celui qu'on mouvement sonnent comme la conclusion apaisee d'une scene d'opera. pouvait trouver dans les concertos anterleurs. Un premier pas etait franchi vers la Le mouvement lent est immediatement suivi par Ie Rondo final, qui renoue plus publication de la partition d'orchestre, qui deviendra I'usage quelques annees plus tard. largement avec les conventions de l'epoque, rnerne s'il commence en ut majeur au lieu du so/ majeur attendu. II possede, avec son tempo anirne, un caractere de danse 16 et Ie quintette pour piano et instruments a vents en mi bernol majeur KV 452 de joyeuse qui offre au pianiste I'occasion de deploiernents de virtuosite. Beethoven s'y Mozart, ecrit en 1784 : meme tonalite, rnerne ordre de succession des mouvements, montre encore particulierement inventif dans les couleurs de timbres : ce n'est que merna instrumentation inhabituelle. dans ce mouvement que I'orchestre intervient au grand complet, puisque trompettes Pour sa premiere audition publique Ie 6 avril 1797, I'ceuvre etait annoncee sur Ie et timbales etaient absentes des deux premiers. programme comme «un Quintette avec pianoforte accornpaqne de quatre A l'epoque de Beethoven, ou I'on ne connaissait ni Ie vinyle ni Ie disque compact, les instruments a vents, [oue et compose par Monsieur Ludwig van Beethoven ». Si reductions pour piano ou les versions de chambre pour divers instruments etaient Ie I'importante partie de piano etait certes destinee a mettre en valeur les qualites seul moyen d'entendre une ceuvre en dehors du concert. La demande, pour ces arran- pianistiques du compositeur, les vents sont neanrnoins dans cet opus 16 bien plus gements, etalt considerabternent plus importante que pour les editions originales.1I existe que de simples instruments d'accompagnement. Dans Ie deuxieme mouvement, en egalement du quatrieme concerto de Beethoven une version pour piano et quintette a particulier, de longs passages solistes leur sont conties, qui en font des partenaires a cordes, reausee des 1807, qui permettait de jouer I'ceuvre avec un petit effectif. part entiere du pianiste. Dans d'autres passages, notamment dans I'introduction lente du premier mouvement, Ie quintette sonne comme la reduction d'une piece orchestrale. Le quintette opus 16 fut d'abord publle en 1801, en huit parties separees, sous Ie titre I'etendue rnerne de I'ceuvre, qui se termine par un Rondo caractensncue, atteint de Grand Quintetto pour /e Forte-Piano avec Oboe, C/arinette, Basson et Cor,au Via/on, des dimensions symphoniques. Pour les contemporains, habitues a la musique pour A/to et Vi%ncelle. Ce qui autorisait donc la possibilite de deux versions concurrentes, ensemble d'harmonie en vogue au XVIII' eleele, I'association du hautbois, de la clarinette, I'une pour quintette avec piano et instruments a vent, I'autre pour quatuor avec piano du cor et du basson sonnait de tacon tout a fait familiere ; cependant, dans les ceuvres et cordes. Avec ces deux versions possibles, Beethoven visait en merne temps un plus des compositeurs anterieurs, les instruments etaient respectivement associes deux a deux large rnarche.
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