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KETTLE CREEK WATERSHED TMDL Clinton, Potter, and Tioga Counties

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KETTLE CREEK WATERSHED TMDL Clinton, Potter, and Tioga Counties FINAL KETTLE CREEK WATERSHED TMDL Clinton, Potter, and Tioga Counties Prepared for: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection April 1, 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 LOCATION .................................................................................................................................... 1 SEGMENTS ADDRESSED IN THIS TMDL ............................................................................... 2 CLEAN WATER ACT REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 3 SECTION 303(D) LISTING PROCESS ........................................................................................ 4 BASIC STEPS FOR DETERMINING A TMDL .......................................................................... 5 WATERSHED BACKGROUND................................................................................................... 5 AMD METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 9 ACCOUNTING FOR UPSTREAM REDUCTIONS IN AMD TMDLS..................................... 11 METHOD TO QUANTIFY TREATMENT POND POLLUTANT LOAD................................ 12 TMDL ENDPOINTS.................................................................................................................... 15 TMDL ELEMENTS (WLA, LA, MOS)....................................................................................... 15 TMDL ALLOCATIONS SUMMARY......................................................................................... 16 RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................. 17 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................... 20 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 21 TABLES Table 1. Kettle Creek Segments Addressed................................................................................ 1 Table 2. Mining Permits in the Kettle Creek Watershed ............................................................ 7 Table 3. Applicable Water Quality Criteria.............................................................................. 15 Table 4. Correlation Between Metals and Flow for Selected Points ........................................ 16 Table 5. Summary Table–Kettle Creek Watershed .................................................................. 17 Table 6. Waste load Allocation of Permitted Operations ......................................................... 17 ATTACHMENTS Attachment A. Kettle Creek Watershed Map..............................................................................23 Attachment B. Excerpts Justifying Changes Between the 1996, 1998, 2002, and 2004 Section 303(d) Lists .........................................................................................................25 Attachment C. Method for Addressing 303(d) Listings for pH………………………………..28 Attachment D. TMDLs By Segment...........................................................................................32 Attachment E. Water Quality Data Used in TMDL Calculations...............................................40 Attachment F. Comment and Response......................................................................................46 i FINAL TMDL1 Kettle Creek Watershed Clinton, Potter, and Tioga Counties, Pennsylvania INTRODUCTION This Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) calculation has been prepared for segments in the Kettle Creek Watershed (Attachment A). It was done to address the impairments noted on the 1996, 1998, 2002, and 2004 Pennsylvania Section 303(d) lists required under the Clean Water Act. The TMDL covers one segment on these lists (Table 1). High levels of metals, and in some areas depressed pH, caused these impairments. All impairments are a result of acid drainage from abandoned coal mines. The TMDL addresses the three primary metals (iron, manganese, and aluminum) associated with abandoned mine drainage (AMD) and pH. Table 1. Kettle Creek Segments Addressed State Water Plan (SWP) Subbasin: 09-B West Branch Susquehanna River EPA DEP Stream Designated 305(b) Year Miles Segment ID Stream Name Data Source Source Code Use Cause Code Not Placed on 1996 3.0 23661 Kettle Creek TSF 305(b) Report RE Metals GIS Surface Water Not Placed on 1998 3.0 23661 Kettle Creek TSF Monitoring AMD Metals GIS Program Surface Water 990514-1215- Metals, 2002 1.9 23661 Kettle Creek TSF Monitoring AMD TAS pH Program Statewide 990514-1215- Surface Water Metals, 2004 1.9 23661 Kettle Creek TSF AMD TAS Monitoring pH Program Attachment B includes a justification of differences between the 1996, 1998, 2002, and 2004 Section 303(d) Lists TSF = Trout Stocked Fishery RE = Resource Extraction AMD = Abandoned Mine Drainage LOCATION The Kettle Creek Watershed covers approximately 244 square miles in Potter, Tioga, and Clinton Counties in north central Pennsylvania. The headwaters of Kettle Creek flow through the Susquehannock State Forest in Potter County. The middle portion of the watershed lies in the F. H. Dutlinger Natural Area and the proposed Hammersley Wild Area. Ole Bull State Park is also located in the middle Kettle Creek Watershed. Kettle Creek State Park surrounds the Alvin R. Bush Dam on the mainstem of Kettle Creek approximately 8.5 miles from the confluence of Kettle Creek with the West Branch Susquehanna River. The mainstem of Lower 1 Pennsylvania’s 1996, 1998, 2002, and 2004 Section 303(d) lists were approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The 1996 Section 303(d) list provides the basis for measuring progress under the 1996 lawsuit settlement of American Littoral Society and Public Interest Group of Pennsylvania v. EPA. 1 Kettle Creek, from the Alvin R. Bush Dam to the mouth of the stream, is the focus of this TMDL report. All the AMD additions to Kettle Creek are in this section of the stream. The study area can be located on the U. S. Geological Service (USGS) 7.5 minute quadrangles of Keating and Renovo West, Pennsylvania. A large portion of the Lower Kettle Creek Watershed lies in the Sproul State Forest; private parcels account for the remaining land ownership. In the study area, Kettle Creek flows southeast from the Alvin R. Bush Dam in Kettle Creek State Park to its confluence with the West Branch Susquehanna River in the village of Westport, Clinton County, Pennsylvania. The only major named tributary to Kettle Creek is Twomile Run that enters Kettle Creek from the east. Several small tributaries enter Kettle Creek from the west including Hicks Hollow, Slide Hollow, Short Bend Run, Duck Hollow, and Butler Hollow. The watershed is sparsely populated; hunting cabins are the main dwellings found within the watershed. The village of Westport lies on State Highway 120, to the north of the confluence of Kettle Creek with the West Branch Susquehanna River. Kettle Creek can be accessed from State Highway 120 at its mouth and from State Route 4001 along its entire length in the study area. Several township roads provide access to other portions of the watershed including T307, T468, Cattaraugus Road, Boyer Road, Crowley Road, and Sugar Camp Road. The upper portions of the Kettle Creek Watershed can be accessed from State Highway 144 and various township and state forest roads. SEGMENTS ADDRESSED IN THIS TMDL The Lower Kettle Creek Watershed is affected by pollution from AMD. This pollution has caused high levels of metals and low pH in the mainstem of Kettle Creek, the Twomile Run Watershed, Butler Hollow, Duck Hollow, Short Bend Run, and Slide Hollow. The sources of the AMD are deep mine discharges and seeps from areas disturbed by surface mining. Most of the discharges originate from long abandoned deep mines on the Lower Kittanning coal seams or surface mining of the Upper and Lower Kittanning coal seams that were reclaimed to pre-act standards. All of the discharges are considered to be nonpoint sources of pollution because they are from abandoned Pre-Act mining operations or from coal companies that have settled their bond forfeitures with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). There are no bond forfeitures in the Kettle Creek Watershed. A TMDL report for the Twomile Run Watershed was completed in February 2001 and approved by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The loading from the mouth of Twomile Run will be incorporated into the TMDL for the Kettle Creek Watershed. The Twomile Run Watershed will not be discussed in this report; please reference the Twomile Run TMDL document for further details. There is no active mining in the Kettle Creek Watershed; all active mining ceased in the watershed in 1977. A WLA for a future mining operation was calculated and incorporated into the allocations at KC1 at the request of the PADEP Moshannon District Mining Office. It is possible that there will be mining in the Lower Kettle Creek Watershed in the future based on available coal reserves, mining operator interests, the possibility of reclamation by remining, and 2 other factors. A WLA that is representative of one future surface mining operation has been included to accommodate this possibility. Any pre-existing discharges listed on permitted sites are treated as nonpoint sources for the purposes
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