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Egg-Laying and Brochosome Production Observed in Glassy-Winged Sharps Hooter
Egg-laying and brochosome production observed in glassy-winged sharps hooter Raymond L. Hix Glassy-winged sharpshooter effective integrated pest management these spots weren’t merely ornaments, (G WSS) females form white spots (IPM) programs, especially aspects re- but he wasn’t sure as to their origin. He on the forewings from secretions lated to insect monitoring. We briefly supposed them to be transferred to the of ultramicroscopic bodies known discuss what is known about GWSS forewings by the hind tibia from the as brochosomes. This occurs af- egg-laying behavior, and present stud- anus. The powdering of the egg mass ter mating of the G WSS and just ies from my laboratory. The implica- was believed to camouflage the eggs prior to egg laying. The first pub- tions of wing-spot formation and from predators and parasites. lished reports of wing spots were brochosome secretions are discussed The makeup, origin and function of made by Riley and Howard in in the context of IPM programs. All white spots in certain leafhoppers 1893. The behaviors associated GWSS brochosome secretions are ei- ther grayish translucent or opaque with brochosome formation could white in comparison to the clear excre- have important implications for in- ment often referred to as “hopper tegrated pest management (IPM) rain.” programs to control G WSS, an im- portant vector of the bacterium Historical perspective that causes Pierce’s disease in Before the turn of the 20th century, grapevines and other crops. Riley and Howard (1893) dispatched Nathan Banks and F.W. Mally to ince 1997, wineries near Temecula Shreveport, La., to investigate prob- Shave lost 20% to 30% of their vines lems in cotton with the GWSS, re- to Pierce‘s disease, which is caused by ferred to locally as a ”sharpshooter” the bacterium Xylellafustidiosa Wells attack. -
Observations on the Occurrence of Chalky Deposits on Forewings of Oncometopia Orbona (F) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Mark A
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 35 Article 24 1981 Observations on the Occurrence of Chalky Deposits on Forewings of Oncometopia orbona (F) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Mark A. Mayse University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Mayse, Mark A. (1981) "Observations on the Occurrence of Chalky Deposits on Forewings of Oncometopia orbona (F) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 35 , Article 24. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol35/iss1/24 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 35 [1981], Art. 24 DALY, J., J. H.E. FARRIS and H.M.MATTHEWS. 1976. Pseudo- HYMAN,L.H. 1954. Some land planarians of the United States and parasitism of dogs and cats by the land planarian, Bipalium Europe, with remarks on nomenclature. Araer. Mus. Nov. No kewense. VM/SAC71:1540-1542. 1667, 21pp. DALY,J. -
Insecticides Sought to Control Adult Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter
These observations lay the ground- work for future studies on antimicro- bial roles of brochosomes and the ef- fect of brochosomes on predator and parasitoid behavior. Furthermore, it may be advantageous to collect fe- males with white spots to establish and augment GWSS colonies and bio- assays because these females are mated and will lay eggs within a few hours to a couple of days. R. L. Hix is Extension Specialist and En- tomologist, Department of Entomology, UC Riverside. Videofiles compatible with the latest version of the Windows Media player are available from the author for anointing, ball-rolling, and powdering of the egg mass with brochosomes. References Day MF, Briggs M. 1958. The origin and structure of brochosomes. J of Ultrastructure Res 2:239-44. Mayse MA. 1981. Observations on the oc- currence of chalky deposits on forewings of Oncometopia orbona (F.) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Proc of Ark Ac of Science 35 :84-6. Nielson MW, May CJ, Tingey WM. 1975. Developmental biology of Oncometopia a/- pha. Annals of Entomol SOCof Am 68:401-3. Rakitov RA. 1996. Post-moulting behaviour associated with Malpighian tubule secretions in leafhoppers and treehoppers (Auchenorrhyncha: Membracoidea). Eur J of Entom 93:167-84. Rakitov RA. 2000. Secretion of Insecticides sought to brochosomes during the ontogenesis of a leafhopper, Oncometopia orbona (F.) (In- sects, Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Tissue and control adult glassy- Cell 32:28-39. Riley CV, Howard LO. 1893. The glassy- winged sharpshooter. Insect Life 5:150-4. winged sharpshooter Smith DS, Littau VG. 1960. Cellular specializion in the excretory epithelia of an in- sect, Macrosteles fascifrons stal (Homoptera: David H. -
Development of Molecular Diagnostic Markers for Sharpshooters Homalodisca Coagulata and Homalodisca Liturata for Use in Predator Gut Content Examinations
Blackwell Publishing Ltd Development of molecular diagnostic markers for sharpshooters Homalodisca coagulata and Homalodisca liturata for use in predator gut content examinations Jesse H. de León1*, Valerie Fournier2,3, James R. Hagler 2 & Kent M. Daane3 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83 Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, 2United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA and 3Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Accepted: 5 December 2005 Key words: SCAR and mitochondrial markers, cytochrome oxidase, Pierce’s disease, glassy-winged sharphooter, predation, gut content analysis, Homoptera, Cicadellidae Abstract To aid in identifying key predators of Proconiini sharpshooter species present in California, we developed and tested molecular diagnostic markers for the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), and smoke-tree sharpshooter, Homalodisca liturata (Ball) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Two different types of markers were compared, those targeting single-copy sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) and mitochondrial markers targeting the multicopy cytochrome oxidase subunit genes I (COI) and II (COII). A total of six markers were developed, two SCAR and four mitochondrial COI or COII markers. Specificity assays demonstrated that SCAR marker HcF5/HcR7 was H. coagulata specific and HcF6/HcR9 was H. coagulata/H. liturata specific. COI (HcCOI-F/R) and COII (HcCOII-F4/R4) markers were H. coagulata specific, COII (G/S-COII-F/R) marker was H. coagulata/H. liturata specific, and lastly, COII marker (Hl-COII-F/R) was H. liturata specific. -
Hemiptera of St. Andrews University Campus
Hemiptera of St. Andrews University Campus # species name family common name host plants if applicable 1 Flatormenis proxima (Ormenoides venusta?) Flatidae Northern flatid planthopper Persea palustris, Campsis radicans, Symplocos tinctoria 2 Oncometopia orbona Cicadellidae Broad headed sharpshooter Hibiscus moscheutos 3 Metcalfa pruinosa Flatidae Citrus flatid planthopper Lyonia lucida 4 Graminella sonora maybe Cicadellidae Mecardonia acuminata 5 Arilus cristatus Reduviidae Wheel bug 6 Phymata species Phymatidae Ambush bug Solidago canadensis (hunts from there) 7 Acanalonia conica Acanaloniidae green plant hopper Bidens bipinnata 8 Graphocephala species Cicadellidae Red-banded leafhopper Liquidambar styraciflua, Lyonia lucida, others 9 Spissistylus festinus Membracidae Three-cornered alfalfa hopper Smilax, Symplocos tinctoria too? 10 Prosapia bicincta Cercopidae two-lined spittlebug 11 Platycotis vitatta Membracidae Oak treehopper Quercus laurifolia 12 Vanduzea arquata Membracidae Black locust treehopper Robinia pseudoacacia 13 Leptoglossus phyllopus Coreidae Eastern leaf-footed bug 14 Aphrophora saratogensis Aphrophoridae Saratoga spittlebug Fabaceae 15 Homalodisca vitripennis Cicadellidae Glassy-winged sharpshooter Salix nigra 16 Graphocephala coccinea Cicadellidae Morella cerifera 17 Cuerna costalis Cicadellidae Lespedeza hirta Hemiptera of St. Andrews University Campus # species name state location year month day site 1 Flatormenis proxima (Ormenoides venusta?) NC St. Andrews University 2015 June 23 2 Oncometopia orbona NC St. Andrews University 2017 May 22 3 Metcalfa pruinosa NC St. Andrews University 2016 July 26 4 Graminella sonora maybe NC St. Andrews University 2017 May 22 carolina bay 5 Arilus cristatus NC St. Andrews University 6 Phymata species NC St. Andrews University 2016 September 7 Acanalonia conica NC St. Andrews University 2017 8 Graphocephala species NC St. Andrews University 9 Spissistylus festinus NC St. -
2015 SNA Research Conference Proceedings
PROCEEDINGS OF RESEARCH CONFERENCE Sixtieth Annual Report 2015 Compiled and Edited By: Dr. Nick Gawel Tennessee State University College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences Nursery Research Center 472 Cadillac Lane McMinnville, TN 37110 SNA Research Conference Vol. 60 2015 60th Annual Southern Nursery Association Research Conference Proceedings 2014 Southern Nursery Association, Inc. PO Box 801454 Acworth, GA 30101 Tel: 678-809-9992 Fax: 678-809-9993 [email protected] www.sna.org Proceedings of the SNA Research Conference are published annually by the Southern Nursery Association. It is the fine men and women in horticultural research that we, the Southern Nursery Association, pledge our continued support and gratitude for their tireless efforts in the pursuit of the advancement of our industry. Additional Copies: 2015 CD-Rom Additional Copies: SNA Members $15.00* Horticultural Libraries $15.00* Contributing Authors $15.00* Non-Members $20.00* *includes shipping and handling © Published October, 2015 ii SNA Research Conference Vol. 60 2015 Southern Nursery Association, Inc. BOARD OF DIRECTORS President Immediate Past President Michael Hobbs Richard May Warren County Nursery May Nursery 6492 Beersheba Highway 178 May Nursery Road McMinnville, TN 37110 Havana, FL 32333 Tel: 931.668.8941 Tel: 800.342.7134 Fax: 931.668.2245 Fax: 888.242.8271 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Vice President/Treasurer Director Chapter 3 Director Chapter 4 Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee -
Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) Species Associated with Orchards of Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck in Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
May-June 2005 387 SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Brochosomes-for-Eggs of the Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) Species Associated with Orchards of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil WILSON S. DE AZEVEDO-FILHO1 AND GERVÁSIO S. CARVALHO2 1Depto. Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 7712, C. postal 776, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, bolsista CNPq-Doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, [email protected] 2Depto. Biologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, C. postal 1429, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, gervasio@ pucrs.br Neotropical Entomology 34(3):387-394 (2005) Brocossomos de Ovos de Espécies de Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) Associadas com Pomares de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck no Rio Grande do Sul RESUMO - Brocossomos são corpos ultramicroscópicos, reticulados, produzidos pelos tubos de Malpighi das cigarrinhas. São geralmente esféricos (brocossomos de tegumento) ou alongados (brocossomos de ovos). Neste estudo, as espécies de Proconiini foram identificadas de acordo com seus brocossomos de ovos. As características e uma chave para a identificação dos brocossomos também foram discutidas. Os espécimes foram coletados em nove pomares de Citrus sinensis (‘Valencia’), com o uso da armadilha adesiva de cor amarela. Os pomares estão localizados em sete municípios do Rio Grande do Sul: Tenente Portela, Ijuí, Jaguari, Harmonia, Taquari, Montenegro e Pelotas. Os dados foram coletados de outubro de 1999 a dezembro de 2000 e de outubro de 2001 a março de 2002. Foram identificadas sete espécies capazes de produzir brocossomos de ovos: Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Homalodisca ignorata Melichar, Molomea consolida Shröder, Molomea lineiceps Young, Molomea magna (Walker), Oncometopia facialis (Signoret), e Oncometopia fusca Melichar. -
ARS Xylella Fastidiosa Diseases – Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter
ARS Xylella fastidiosa Diseases – Glassy-winged Sharpshooter STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN K. Hackett, E. Civerolo, R. Bennett, D. Stenger November 20, 2006 ARS Xylella fastidiosa Diseases – Glassy-winged Sharpshooter STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN K. Hackett, E. Civerolo, R. Bennett, D. Stenger November 20, 2006 Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Pierce’s Disease Researchers: Current: E. Backus, K. Baumgartner, J. Blackmer, J. Buckner, S. Castle, E. Civerolo, J. C. Chen, T. Coudron, P. Cousins, J. de Leon, J. Goolsby, J. Hagler, J. Hartung, T. Henneberry, W. Hunter, D. Kluepfel, J. Legaspi, C. Ledbetter, R. Leopold, H. Lin, G. Logarzo, S. McKamey, S. Naranjo, J. Patt, D. Ramming, N. Schaad, M. Sisterson, D. Stenger, J. Uyemoto, G. Yocum ARS Research Associates: H. Doddapaneni, M. Francis, F. Fritschi, W. Li, M. Sétamou, L. Yang, F. Zeng Past ARS PD Researchers: D. Akey, D. Boyd, M. Glenn, R. Groves, W. Jones, M. McGuire, G. Puterka, F. Ryan, R. Scorza 2 COOPERATION Collaborators: P. Anderson [University of Florida (UF)-Quincy], D. Bartels [USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)-Mission], M. Blua [University of California (UC)- Riverside], D. Boucias (UF-Gainesville), G. Bruening (UC-Davis), F. Byrne (UC-Riverside), L. Cñas (University of Arizona-Tucson), C.-J. Chang (University of Georgia), A. Chaparro (Nacional Universidad, Colombia), M. Ciomperlik (APHIS), D. Cook (UC-Davis), P. Conner (Coastal Plains Experiment Station, Georgia), H. Costa (UC-Riverside), K. Daane (UC- Berkeley), A. Dandekar (UC-Davis), M. Fatmi (Hassan II University, Agadir, Morocco), M. Gaiani (Facultad de Agricola, Universidad Central de Venezuela), C. Godoy (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica), T. -
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) For: Summary And
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for: Xylella fastidiosa February 2020 (update of 2014 UK PRA and 2017 climate appendix) Summary and conclusions of the rapid PRA This rapid PRA shows: Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium which infects a very wide range of plants. It is already heavily regulated to reduce the likelihood of it entering the UK. In some host species, impacts can be severe and the plant or tree can be killed rapidly. Other hosts have latent infections, or may remain asymptomatic (but still be capable of spreading the disease) for several years before succumbing to the bacterium. Xylella fastidiosa is native to the Americas, but has been spread to countries elsewhere in the world, including parts of Europe. There are several subspecies of X. fastidiosa, which have different host ranges. Xylella fastidiosa is vectored by a number of xylem-feeding hemipteran insect species, including some which are widespread in the UK. At least parts of the UK are likely to prove suitable for X. fastidiosa to establish, but it is unclear what levels of damage it may be able to cause to plants in the UK. If an outbreak were to occur in the UK, the greatest impacts are expected to be social (though the assessment of potential social impacts is made with medium confidence, while confidence in potential economic and environmental impacts is low, indicating the uncertainty about the magnitude of direct impacts which might occur in the UK). Leaf scorches and other symptoms could be visible on amenity trees causing public concern, impacts on horticultural businesses could be severe, and this is already a 1 high-profile pest in the media. -
A Survey of Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Virginia Vineyards, a Region of Expanding Concern for Pierce's Disease'
A Survey of Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Virginia Vineyards, a Region of Expanding Concern for Pierce's Disease' Anna K. Wallingford2 and Douglas G. Pfeiffer Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, 216 Price Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA J. Entomol. ScL 47(4): 360-365 (October 2012) Abstract A survey was conducted during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons to record the presence of sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) vectors of Pierce's disease in Vitis vinifera L. growing regions of Virginia. Oncometopia orbona (F.) and Graphocephala versuta (Say) were consistently trapped in all regions and throughout each growing season, the latter trapped in the highest number. Peak flight of both species occurred early in the season, the time of greatest concern for introduction of infection. Peak flight of O. orbona occurred earlier than that of G. versuta. Homalodisca insolita (Walker) was trapped in the Coastal Plain of Virginia; this is the most northern record of this species to date. Key words Pierce's disease, sharpshooters, Oncometopia orbona, Graphocephala versuta, Homalodisca insolita Pierce's disease is a vascular disease of grapes caused by the xylem-limited bac- terium Xylella fastidiosa (Wells). The causal agent is transmitted by sharpshooters (xylem-feeding Cicadellidae; Frazier and Freitag 1946), and by some froghoppers (Cercopidae; Severin 1950). Vine decline occurs when xylem fluids are blocked by proliferation of bacterial colonies as well as by plant response to infection (Hopkins 1989, Newman et al. 2003, Stevenson et al. 2005). In mild climates, vine death can occur within 2 - 3 yrs of initial infection (Gubler et al. 2006). The primary mode of X. -
1 the RESTRUCTURING of ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS in RESPONSE to PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell a Dissertation Submitt
THE RESTRUCTURING OF ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN RESPONSE TO PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell 1 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Winter 2019 © Adam B. Mitchell All Rights Reserved THE RESTRUCTURING OF ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN RESPONSE TO PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell Approved: ______________________________________________________ Jacob L. Bowman, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Approved: ______________________________________________________ Mark W. Rieger, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Approved: ______________________________________________________ Douglas J. Doren, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Douglas W. Tallamy, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Charles R. Bartlett, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Jeffery J. Buler, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. -
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FRANK Ecology of Center City, PHILADELPHIA Center City, of Ecology Ecology of Center City, Over two and a half centuries ago Philadel- About the author phia established itself as a center for the Kenneth D. Frank and his wife have resid- ed in a row house in Center City for al- study of natural history. Ecology of Center most four decades. A graduate of Harvard Medical School, he is a retired physician PHILADELPHIA City, Philadelphia mines early records of with a life-long interest in natural histo- plants and animals in Philadelphia to ex- ry. His previous publications have been on the ecological effects of outdoor light- plore how their populations have fared. ing, the disappearance of a giant silk moth Some have become locally extinct while from Philadelphia, and a jumping spider’s shift in hunting from day to night. others have adapted and thrived. New populations have arrived, challenging those that are established. Despite a landscape dominated by asphalt and concrete, many PHILA have shown surprising resilience. Their stories illuminate the bond between people and natural history downtown. The ecology of Center City explores this bond. DELPHIA Praise from readers “Ecology of Center City, Philadelphia lays out the story of the natural, horticultural, and cultural history of Philadelphia in a masterful way. Engaging, entertaining, and elucidating…” —David Hewitt, President, Philadelphia Botanical Club; Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania; Research Associate, Department of Botany, Academy of Natural Sciences “A wonderful compilation of information on ecology, natural history, and Philadelphia local history… everything is fascinating.” —Joel T. Fry, Curator, John Bartram Association Fitler Kenneth D.