978-0-6485799-1-5 22nd IIWC International Symposium Wooden Heritage Conservation: beyond disciplines 30th September – 2nd October, 2019 Bilbao 978-0-6485799-1-5 Proceedings Editors Dr. Tanya L. Park, Australia 1 ISBN 978-0-6485799-1-5 Preface and Acknowledgements Since the ICOMOS International Wood Committee, IIWC, was established in 1975, the need for a set of conservation principles has been a continuous theme in the Committee’s ongoing discussions and activities. In a session of the of the 19th General Assembly of ICOMOS held in Delhi on 15th December 2017 the new IIWC ‘Principles for the Conservation of the Wooden Built Heritage’ were adopted as ICOMOS doctrinal text. These new ‘Principles’ replace those adopted previously in 1999. After the success of the 2018 symposium organized in York (UK), the challenge was to take a step further with the organization in the Basque country of a symposium and a course intended to amplify the effort in order to give a focus of a holistic approach to wooden heritage conservation that extends beyond structures to include together with the materiality of wood construction, its complex intangible side. Its scope included the diversity of professions involved, possible approaches and processes, from a global perspective and their adaptations to the conservation of local wooden heritage. This document is the publication, result of the papers presented at the 22nd IIWC International Symposium, held in Bilbao between September 29 and 2 October 2019, under the umbrella of the Summer Courses of the University of the Basque Country. This Symposium wouldn’t have been possible without the support, help and involvement of many people and organizations. Their invaluable help has been crucial not only to make a success of participation, both in number and in quality of international experts, but to raise awareness among local Institutions, and professionals. Thus, together with the rich scientific exchange among participants, the event has helped to connect also with locals. The event begun with a day-excursion to visit wooden heritage of Bizkaia and Araba, and specifically, the extraordinary Añana Salt Valley Cultural Landscape, and two also extraordinary wooden vaulted churches: Sta. María Goikouria in Orozko and S. Andrés in Ibarrangelu. Especial thanks to the following institutions for their help, support and economic contribution: . Bizkaia Regional Council – Diputación Foral de Bizkaia, and its Director-General of Culture, Andoni Iturbe who introduced the Symposium in Bilbao. Gipuzkoa Regional Council - Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, and its Director of Culture, María José Telleria, the Chair of Heritage Conservation Gabriela Vives, and Heritage Conservation Architects, Josu Maroto and Ainara Iroz, who also accompanied us during the whole both events in Bilbao and San Sebastian. Araba Regional Council – Diputación Foral de Álava, and the Deputy of Basque Language, Culture and Sports, who welcomed us in Añana Salt Valley, and Chair of Heritage Service, Txema Villanueva who also attended both Bilbao and San Sebastian events. Baskegur. Basque Wood Association, and its CEO Oskar Azkarate, who welcomed us in both Bilbao and San Sebastian events. ICOMOS. Spanish national Committee, with its President Alicia Castillo, that also joined us in Bilbao. Fundación Valle Salado de Añana, for their welcome to the, so-special site, for their help, and specifically to the General Manager, Andoni Erkiaga, and the Director of Culture, Alberto Plata. 2 The Symposium and Course wouldn’t have been possible without the help, organization and hosting of: . GPAC. Grupo de Investigación del Patrimonio Construído-Built Heritage Research Group. UPV/EHU. Unesco Chair on Cultural Landscapes and Heritage - Cátedra Unesco Paisajes Culturales y Patrimonio. With thanks to its chair, Professor Agustin Azkarate, and to Architect María Peraita for her coordination work. UPV-EHU, Cursos de Verano, Summer Courses, and the work done by Aintzane Gereñu and Ainhoa Urbieta. Thank you to the organizations and institutions that helped with the visits and welcomed us to the sites: . Itsasmuseum Bilbao, with its Director Jon Ruigomez, the Naval Carpenter, Jon Ispizua and Heritage Conservator, Carmen López. Albaola Itsas Kultur Faktoria – The Sea Factory of the Basques, and its Director Xabier Agote. The community of Orozko, for the visit to Santa María de Goikuria, and the lunch outside the church. La Antigua Hermitage and Raquel Moreiro for the guided tour. Pamplona City Council for welcoming us to the Condestable Palace, and to the Conservation Architects Jesús Leache and Fernando Tabuenca, the latter having attended both Bilbao and San Sebastian events. Igartubeitia farm museum farm for the quick visit to the wooden cider press. And last but not least, thank you to the team that made this possible: Teresa Artola, for her irreplaceable and intense work, and to Alazne Ochandiano and Iker Gómez Iborra. Thanks to Tanya Park for the work of collecting and publishing of this proceedings. The experience, continues the long tradition of Symposia organized by the committee. May the contacts and exchanges that resulted in the event serve to raise interest in the conservation of wooden heritage, and in to increase of the community interested in it, here and elsewhere. This is one of the main goals of the International Wood Committee of ICOMOS. I hope the content of this proceedings are of interest to the reader. Mikel Landa President of the ICOMOS International Wood Committee Bilbao, August 2020.1 1 Front cover photograph, M. Landa 3 Table of Contents T. Artola-Guijarro, Wooden churches in the Basque Country: barrel vaults roofs …………………5 V. Flores Sasso, P. Prieto Gicioso, G. Feernandez Flores, R. Carreras Rivery,, Non-destructive techniques (ndt) for the study of wooden structures in historic building…………......…………14 F. Pompejano, Traditional timber roof structures in Albania through the analysis of the Albanian ethnographic sources ……………………………………………………………………………20 M. Maloney and A. Fearon, Experiment in the Desert: the Investigation and Assessment of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Dining Room at Taliesin West ………………………………………………...31 J. A. Sobon, Timber Frame Conservation: Keeping the Traditional Craft Alive …………………52 Y. Pan, Historic versus in history: a treatise of refelections on the regeneration and conservation plan of En’ning road historic district of Guangzhou, China…………………………………….58 S. Unno, Securing system of wooden materials for preservation in Japan……………………........67 M. S. Sulaiman, Challenges in the Relocation Process of Conserving the Vernacular Architecture of the Negeri Sembilan Traditional Malay House………………………………………………74 T. L. Park, Architectural Historic Wooden Preservation in Japan: Documentation and the Dissemination of Knowledge…………..…………………………………………………….....85 T. Sasaki, Towards a sustainable wooden heritage without designated by the Government Actual conditions of Buddhist temple and their repair technicians in Japan……………………………93 I. M. O. Llerenas, M. de Guadalupe Zepeda Martínez, The temporary architecture built with wood and the property of land and urban real estate development…………………………………...101 E. Morton, Wollaton Hall – Prospect room floor………………………………………………....108 K.-M. Melin and H. Ranta, Historic Carpentry Art in The Diocese of Lund..................................115 S. Koc, A. Arslan, S. Çobanthe, Role of the stakeholders in the reconstruction of the wooden elements of Fuadiye Mosque…………………………………………………………………..128 M. Hallgren, The roof of Skokloster House seen through a carpenter´s eyes - 9000 hours of specialist restoration in wood…………………………………………………………………..137 J. Rodriguez, U. Gaztelu, J. L. Solaun, V. Dalla Stellaa, Digital tool for BIM software to improve the data management in built heritage interventions: the case of Garai Urtuena farmhouse.....144 T. Wik, Preservation and development of villages in the District of Dalarna in Sweden ………..157 K. Dundas, Scottish renaissance painted timber decoration: the quest for a holistic conservation approach……………………………………………………………………………………..…178 Y. Yanchyshyn M. Stachiw, Conservation of Wooden Tserkvas in Ukraine: A New Initiative…188 4 Wooden churches in the Basque Country: barrel vaults roofs Teresa ARTOLA-GUIJARRO PhD candidate, Architect, Built Heritage Research Group (GPAC), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain [email protected] Abstract During the 15th and 16th centuries, dozens of small churches and parishes in the Basque Country were renovated thanks to a previous improvement of the techniques of wood scaffolding that prefigured a space modulation and an empirical knowledge of the (load and tensions) forces calculation with greater difficulty than the stonework. In this region with important forest resources and a municipal property regime that protected its communal goods, the wood builders maintained a natural dialogue with their resources and devised original and economic solutions for these unusual carpentry roofs that are developed in a very limited geographical area, of just 2000 square kilometres. Its 3 typologies (vaults, trusses and rafter/purlin) were limited to the construction of the roof structure and were the result of its ability to synthesize various cultural and economic factors. Through the presentation of 3 examples located in Orozko (Bizkaia), the structure of its wooden vaults and the intervention techniques used during the recent conservation processes will be analysed. Key words: wood, church, Basque Country, intervention, methodology