Barley Cultivation-Norway Presentation 2018.Pdf
Norway – Barley cultivation progress above the Arctic Circle
Sigríður Dalmannsdóttir Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Northern Norway
Finnmark Size: 113.000 km2 71˚N 35% of Norwegian Troms mainland ca. 3% agricultural land Nordland Counties: Finnmark 65˚N Troms Nordland Population: 483.000
Northernmost agriculture in the world
30.03.2018 2 Barley cultivation in N-Norway – historical view
Barley grown «Korn på staur» 70°N, Holt, Tromsø 1938 since stone age
Old landraces Dønnes Fløya Nordlys
30.03.2018 3 Barley cultivation in N-Norway – historical view Area cereal production (da) in N-Norway Drop in production after the second world war:
-Harvest combine -canalized production politics -breeding program stopped in the 1980.
30.03.2018 4 30.03.2018 5 Barley cultivation in N-Norway – status latest years
– 300 ha barley – 617 tonn barley/year – 3.8 t/ha – 23 farmers cultivate barley
30.03.2018 6 Norwegian government wants to increase cereal production
20% the next 20 years from 2013 Changing climate
Degree days (0°C) 2000 Tromsø Mai-sept – Day degrees during 1900 growing season are 1800 increasing 1700 – High yearly variations, 1600 but more years with 1500 potentially mature 1400 barley 1300 1200 1100 1000 900
year
1871 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896 1901 1906 1911 1916 1921 1926 1931 1936 1941 1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
30.03.2018 8 Northern cereals – cultivars experiments
Holt, Tromsø – Old landraces 2015 Sowing time: 16. mai
Small plots Norwegian and icelandic varieties
Harvested with scissors!
30.03.2018 9 Vestvågøy VestvågøyVestvågøy avling yield (tonn/ (tonn/hektarhectare ) 2,0 Northern cereals – cultivars experiments
1,5
r
a
t
k e
h 1,0
/
n
n
o
t
0,5
0,0 Saana Bere Tjaldur Tiril Iskria Smyrill06-72 Teista Skumur sort
AltaAlta avling yield (tonn/hektar)(tonn/hectare) Alta 3,0
2,5
2,0
r
a
t
k e
h 1,5
/
n
n
o t 1,0
0,5
0,0 Bere NL Skumur Saana Iskria 265-41 Tiril Smyrill06-72 sort
30.03.2018 10 Northern cereals – cultivar experiments
Holt, Tromsø 2016
Sowing time: 10. mai
30.03.2018 11 Northern cereals – cultivar experiments Alta 2017
Maturity (Zadok):
Iskria Smyrill Aukusti Teista Tiril Heder
30.03.2018 12 Cultivar % germination Protein % 1000 grain Alta 2017 weight Teista 80 13,2 39 Heder 75 10,7 40 Tiril 71 10,6 37 Tyra 37 10,7 32 Smyrill 76 10,0 36 Arild 58 11,0 35 Iskria 58 12,7 39 Ugla 32 12,9 39 Augusti 58 10,4 41 Wolmari 53 10,6 34 Vertti 81 10,3 42
30.03.2018 13 Holt, Tromsø 2017 Future perspectives
30.03.2018 14 Yield Holt 2017 Yield tonn/ha 5
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0 Ugla Tamtam Iskria Arild Judit Vilgott Heder Vertti Rødhette Tiril Smyrill Vilde Aukusti Wolmari
30.03.2018 15 After sowing
30.03.2018 16 1. June 2017 Holt Tromsø 31. May 2017
30.03.2018 17 Experimental equipment
30.03.2018 18 Experimental equipment: Harvest combine
Holt Tjøtta
30.03.2018 19 Experimental equipment: minibat
Portable sample harvester
Harvest samples to measure water content/maturity
30.03.2018 20 60 Water content measured at 50 Tjøtta 2017 40
30 Watercontent (%)
20
10 Iskria Tiril Smyrill Judit Arild Vilde Rødhette Vilgott Tamtam 0 From Ievina Sturite 28.0842975 05.0942983 13.0942991 19.0942997 26.0943004
30.03.2018 21 Wetgrain – 2017-2018 phenological measurements Tjøtta, Holt, Umeå
Zadok scale
30.03.2018 22 Barley for malting at Helgeland
Domen grown at Mardalen gård and malted at Nordgården gårdsbryggeri
Photo from Ievina Sturite
30.03.2018 23 Drying in Lyngen 2017 – “Fløya” old landrace
Photo from Colin Carver
30.03.2018 24 Drying on a plate
Photos from Colin Carver
30.03.2018 25 Drying
Two farmers in Sømna have their own warm air dryer
Other farmers in Sømna transport the wet grain with containers to Namdalen in Trøndelag
Photo from Gunnar Mardahl
30.03.2018 26 Meetings in N-Norway
– Sømna – Tromsø seminar – Tromsø farmers day – Bodø – Alta – Ibestad
30.03.2018 27 Old mill at Ibestad
30.03.2018 28 Bodø
30.03.2018 29 Alta
30.03.2018 30 30.03.2018 31 30.03.2018 32 Northern cereals - discussions
30.03.2018 33 NIBIO has seven short information guides for cereal cultivation in Norway:
1. Planning the growth season 2. How to prepare the soil 3. From straw growth to flag leaf formation 4. From flag leaf to flowering 5. From flowering to harvesting 6. When cereal is in the house 7. Winter cereal Thank you!
30.03.2018 35