DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of a Severe Drought on Growth and Wood Anatomical Properties of Quercus Faginea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of a Severe Drought on Growth and Wood Anatomical Properties of Quercus Faginea IAWA Journal, Vol. 25 (2), 2004: 185–204 EFFECTS OF A SEVERE DROUGHT ON GROWTH AND WOOD ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUERCUS FAGINEA Leyre Corcuera1, Jesús Julio Camarero1,2 & Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín1,* SUMMARY We studied the growth response to drought of a Quercus faginea Lam. stand in a xeric site in NE Spain, that experienced an intense defolia- tion in 1993–94. This event coincided with very low precipitation from November to February, the period when total monthly precipitation ex- ceeds evapotranspiration. We evaluated the effects of November–Febru- ary precipitation (recharge precipitation, RP) on internode length, radial growth, and wood anatomy. Quercus faginea showed reduced longitudi- nal and radial growth during the years with low RP, and most sampled trees did not produce latewood in 1993–94 but showed wide earlywood vessels. We observed the reverse for years with a high RP. Radial growth was enhanced by increased precipitation during January and May of the growth year. If severe droughts become more frequent, due to a greater climatic variability, extensive dieback of marginal Q. faginea popula- tions may be expected. Key words: Dendroecology, Mediterranean climate, oak, predicted hy- draulic conductance, xylem. INTRODUCTION Reduced radial growth has been frequently described in temperate and Mediterranean oak forests in Europe and North America (Delatour 1983; Tainter et al. 1983). The main causes pointed out to explain this are: pathogens, excessive competition among neigh- bouring trees, aging and increased susceptibility, air pollution, and climatic stress (Manion 1981). The climate can act as a predisposing factor to pathogens or as a direct cause of growth reduction (Hepting 1963; Tuset et al. 1996). In fact, droughts have been involved in the onset of reduction in oak growth (Tryon & True 1958; Becker & Lévy 1982; Tainter et al. 1990; Jenkins & Pallardy 1995), especially in xeric sites (Lévy et al. 1992). Water stress has also proved to be a predisposing factor to pathogen attacks on Mediterranean oaks (Vannini & Scarascia 1991). In Mediterranean areas, summer drought and winter cold are the main factors limiting plant growth (Mitrakos 1980). Both factors also affect the xylem structure (Fritts 1976; 1) Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria, Go- bierno de Aragón, Apdo. 727, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain. 2) Departament dʼEcologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. *) Corresponding author: Dr. E. Gil-Pelegrin1 [E-mail: [email protected]]. Downloaded from Brill.com09/30/2021 01:25:47AM via free access 186 IAWA Journal, Vol. 25 (2), 2004 Corcuera, Camarero & Gil-Pelegrin — Drought effects in Quercus faginea 187 Schweingruber 1993, 1996). For instance, a decrease in the mean diameter of the conduits (tracheids, vessels) has been associated with a reduction of water availability in the soil (Carlquist 1975, 1977; Baas et al. 1983; Baas & Schweingruber 1987; Von Wilpert 1991; Zhang et al. 1992). However, winter precipitation is the likely underlying climatic factor in Mediterranean areas, because of its effect on soil water availability for subsequent growth in the spring. The vulnerability of xylem to cavitation and embolism is one of the main factors determining the drought tolerance of plants (Tyree & Sperry 1989; Cochard & Tyree 1990; Tyree & Ewers 1991; Tognetti et al. 1998). The theoretical hydraulic conductivity through xylem depends on the number of conduits and on their diameter. According to the Hagen-Poisseuille law, the hydraulic conductivity of a cylindrical conduit is proportional to its diameter raised to the fourth power (Tyree et al. 1994). Consequently, the wider vessels are more effective hydraulic conduits, but entail a greater risk of drought/frost-induced embolism (Sperry & Sullivan 1992; LoGullo et al. 1995; Sperry et al. 1994; Tyree et al. 1994). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2001), a decrease in precipitation, a rise of mean temperature (2–4 °C), and an increase both in the frequency and intensity of acute droughts are expected for the Mediterranean basin (Houghton & Yihui 2001). Indeed, a 20% reduction in the total precipitation and an increased frequency of anticyclones have been observed in the Central-Western Mediterranean Basin between 1951 and 1995 (Piervitali et al. 1997). In the Iberian Peninsula, the 1980–95 period was characterized by intense droughts, which affected several woody species (Font Tullot 1988). In the stand under study, a yellowing of leaves followed by an intense defoliation was observed in 1993–94, affecting both Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. and Quercus faginea Lam. (Aït-Bachir 1998). While Q. ilex subsp. ballota appears in continental areas in N Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, Q. faginea is dominant in sub-Mediterranean forests in NE Spain between 600 and 1200 m a.s.l. (Blanco et al. 1997). Quercus faginea is a deciduous oak which forms ring-porous wood. It is usually found in sites with basic soils and summer precipitation greater than 100 mm (Ceballos & Ruiz de la Torre 1979; Jiménez et al. 1998). However, the most affected Q. faginea stands showed again a good vigour in 1996. This episode of intense defoliation in 1993–94 was also observed in other areas in NE Spain (Lloret & Siscart 1995). Hence, our main objective was to determine how the radial growth of Q. faginea responded to the intense 1993–94 drought. Specifically, we evaluated the relationship between low recharge precipitation (hereafter, RP) and growth reduction. We computed RP as the accumulated monthly precipitation from November prior to the growth year to February of the growth year, i.e. winter precipitation. This period was selected because: 1) during the RP months the total monthly precipitation is higher than the monthly evapotranspiration, which determines soil water availability for subsequent spring growth (Faci González & Martínez Cob 1991), and 2) radial increment is great in the Mediterreanean oaks during April–May (e.g., Zahner 1968). We focused on the growth and the xylem structure through a detailed study of the anatomy (number and diameter of vessels, vessel density) since these features were shown to be sensitive to the yearly variations in precipitation in other ring-porous Downloaded from Brill.com09/30/2021 01:25:47AM via free access 186 IAWA Journal, Vol. 25 (2), 2004 Corcuera, Camarero & Gil-Pelegrin — Drought effects in Quercus faginea 187 oaks such as Q. macrocarpa (Woodcock 1989a). Pure or mixed oak coppice stands (especially Q. ilex subsp. ballota, Q. pyrenaica Willd., and Q. faginea), characterized by a long history of intensive human use for fuel-wood and charcoal production, are very abundant in the Iberian Peninsula (Serrada et al. 1992). Due to the abandonment of their traditional management, the customary cutting frequency decreased in the 1940s (Cañellas et al. 1996). Nowadays, most of the stems are over-aged (30–50 yrs.), which might make them more sensitive to climatic disturbances such as severe droughts because of their lower hydraulic efficiency (Amorini et al. 1996). In addition, the over- aged coppice stands of Mediterranean oaks form a new landscape that is still poorly studied from an ecological point of view (Enjalbal et al. 1996). MATERIALS AND METHODS Study site A coppice stand dominated by Quercus faginea and Q. ilex subsp. ballota was selected in the Sierra de Santa Cruz-Cubel, Zaragoza, NE Spain (1° 39' W, 41° 07' N, 1177 m a.s.l.). The precipitation and temperature data were obtained from the Cubel-Casas Altas station located at c. 2 km from the stand (41° 06' N, 1° 38' W, 1108 m a.s.l.; period 1969–97). We also used precipitation data from the nearby Daroca station (41° 07' N, 1° 25' W, 779 m) to describe the temporal evolution of the rainfall in the area during the 20th century (1910–99 data). In the study area, the dry period in summer lasts c. 2 months, from the end of June to early September (Fig. 1). Since 1960, the following periods showed very low RP records: 1973–75, 1981–84, 1989, and 1992–95 (Fig. 1 & 2). In fact, the two lowest values for the total precipitation in January in the last 50 years in the study area were recorded in 1983 and 1993, respectively. The climate of the study area shows a transition from sub-Mediterranean to Medi- terranean (Allué Andrade 1990). The landscape was previously dominated by coppice stands of Q. faginea, but Q. ilex subsp. ballota is currently the most abundant tree species due to selective logging. Intense coppice management for fuelwood was carried out 40–50 years ago. The study site is located on very poor soils developed over Tertiary limestone outcrops. We assume that the thin soil and the high elevation of the study site make the trees of both species very susceptible to climatic stress (high sensitivity). Sampling procedures The sampling was done in January 1998. Ten stems were cut at mid-height (c. 1.3 m) from the S-SW side of ten dominant multistemmed Q. faginea individuals (one stem per individual) for the analyses of wood anatomical variables (n = 10). Five additional stems were sampled from other individuals for the measurement of tree-ring width, including earlywood and latewood width, and internode length (n = 15). The stems had a similar diameter and age (mean age (± SE) = 27 ± 2 years). Although the sample size was close to the minimum required in standard dendroecological studies (Fritts 1976), the detailed analysis of wood anatomical features made this the largest sample size that could be studied. The middle of the older internodal segment of each stem was transversally sectioned with a sliding microtome (Anglia Scientific AS200, UK). Downloaded from Brill.com09/30/2021 01:25:47AM via free access 188 IAWA Journal, Vol. 25 (2), 2004 Corcuera, Camarero & Gil-Pelegrin — Drought effects in Quercus faginea 189 Cubel-Casas Altas (1108 m) A 1969–1997 [29] 11.3 °C 481 mm 100 40 80 60 T (°C) T 20 40 (mm) P 20 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D B Daroca Cubel-Casas Altas 250 800 200 600 150 400 100 200 50 Annual precipitation (mm) Recharge precipitation (mm) Recharge 0 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 Time (years) Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Living in Drylands: Functional Adaptations of Trees and Shrubs to Cope with High Temperatures and Water Scarcity
    Review Living in Drylands: Functional Adaptations of Trees and Shrubs to Cope with High Temperatures and Water Scarcity José Javier Peguero-Pina 1,2,* , Alberto Vilagrosa 3 , David Alonso-Forn 1 , Juan Pedro Ferrio 1,4 , Domingo Sancho-Knapik 1,2 and Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín 1 1 Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; [email protected] (D.A.-F.); [email protected] (J.P.F.); [email protected] (D.S.-K.); [email protected] (E.G.-P.) 2 Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain 3 Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (Fundación CEAM), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante—CEAM, Univ. Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] 4 Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-976-716-974 Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 22 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Abstract: Plant functioning and survival in drylands are affected by the combination of high solar radiation, high temperatures, low relative humidity, and the scarcity of available water. Many ecophysiological studies have dealt with the adaptation of plants to cope with these stresses in hot deserts, which are the territories that have better evoked the idea of a dryland. Nevertheless, drylands can also be found in some other areas of the Earth that are under the Mediterranean-type climates, which imposes a strong aridity during summer. In this review, plant species from hot deserts and Mediterranean-type climates serve as examples for describing and analyzing the different responses of trees and shrubs to aridity in drylands, with special emphasis on the structural and functional adaptations of plants to avoid the negative effects of high temperatures under drought conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards an Updated Checklist of the Libyan Flora
    Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 (CC-BY) Open access Gawhari, A. M. H., Jury, S. L. and Culham, A. (2018) Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora. Phytotaxa, 338 (1). pp. 1-16. ISSN 1179-3155 doi: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/76559/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Identification Number/DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 <https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1> Publisher: Magnolia Press All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Phytotaxa 338 (1): 001–016 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora AHMED M. H. GAWHARI1, 2, STEPHEN L. JURY 2 & ALASTAIR CULHAM 2 1 Botany Department, Cyrenaica Herbarium, Faculty of Sciences, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Reading Herbarium, The Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Read- ing, RG6 6AS, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Oaks of the Wild West Inventory Page 1 Nursery Stock Feb, 2016
    Oaks of the Wild West Inventory Nursery Stock Legend: AZ = Arizona Nursery TX = Texas Nursery Feb, 2016 *Some species are also available in tube sizes Pine Trees Scientific Name 1G 3/5G 10G 15 G Aleppo Pine Pinus halapensis AZ Afghan Pine Pinus elderica AZ Apache Pine Pinus engelmannii AZ Chinese Pine Pinus tabulaeformis AZ Chihuahua Pine Pinus leiophylla Cluster Pine Pinus pinaster AZ Elderica Pine Pinus elderica AZ AZ Italian Stone Pine Pinus pinea AZ Japanese Black Pine Pinus thunbergii Long Leaf Pine Pinus palustris Mexican Pinyon Pine Pinus cembroides AZ Colorado Pinyon Pine Pinus Edulis AZ Ponderosa Pine Pinus ponderosa AZ Scotch Pine Pinus sylvestre AZ Single Leaf Pine Pinus monophylla AZ Texas Pine Pinus remota AZ, TX Common Trees Scientific Name 1G 3/5G 10G 15 G Arizona Sycamore Platanus wrightii ** Ash, Arizona Fraxinus velutina AZ AZ Black Walnut, Arizona Juglans major AZ AZ Black Walnut, Texas Juglans microcarpa TX Black Walnut juglans nigra AZ, TX Big Tooth Maple Acer grandidentatum AZ Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana TX Chitalpa Chitalpa tashkentensis AZ Crabapple, Blanco Malus ioensis var. texana Cypress, Bald Taxodium distichum AZ Desert Willow Chillopsis linearis AZ AZ Elm, Cedar Ulmus crassifolia TX TX Ginko Ginkgo biloba TX Hackberry, Canyon Celtis reticulata AZ AZ AZ Hackberry, Common Celtis occidentalis TX Maple (Sugar) Acer saccharum AZ AZ Mexican Maple Acer skutchii AZ Mexican Sycamore Platanus mexicana ** Mimosa, fragrant Mimosa borealis Page 1 Oaks of the Wild West Inventory Pistache (Red Push) Pistacia
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Trees Coping with Severe Drought Avoidance Might
    Environmental and Experimental Botany 155 (2018) 529–540 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental and Experimental Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envexpbot Mediterranean trees coping with severe drought: Avoidance might not be safe T ⁎ Alicia Fornera, , Fernando Valladaresa,b, Ismael Arandac,d a Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global), Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN, CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, E-28006 Madrid, Spain b Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnológicas, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Spain c INIA, Forest Research Centre, Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Avda. A Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain d INAGEA, Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Plants coexisting in Mediterranean regions differ widely in their sensitivity to drought and in their ability to Quercus ilex maintain carbon assimilation and hydraulic function ranging from avoidance to tolerance of stressful periods. Quercus faginea We studied the response of three coexisting Mediterranean tree species (Quercus ilex L. spp. Ballota (Desf.) Pinus nigra Samp., Quercus faginea Lam. and Pinus nigra ssp. Salzmannii J.F. Arnold) under natural conditions for three years Gas exchange to test their functional strategies in dealing with extremely dry years. Despite P. nigra following a drought- Water status avoiding strategy, it was unable to effectively avoid the hampering effects of a severe drought in the driest year, Pressure-volume curve and experienced significant drops in the efficiency of the hydraulic system, in gas exchange at the leaf level and in tree water use estimated from daily sap flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Characterization and Extractives Composition of Heartwood and Sapwood from Quercus Faginea
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Chemical characterization and extractives composition of heartwood and sapwood from Quercus faginea Isabel Miranda, Vicelina Sousa, Joana Ferreira*, Helena Pereira Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 a1111111111 Heartwood and sapwood of Quercus faginea were evaluated in relation to summative chem- ical composition and non-polar and polar extracts composition, including an assessment of antioxidant properties (DPPH and FRAP). Twenty trees from two sites in Portugal were ana- lysed. Heartwood had approximately two times more solvent extractible compounds than OPEN ACCESS sapwood (on average 19.0% and 9.5%). The lipophilic extractible compounds were below 1%, and most of them were polar e.g. ethanol-soluble compounds corresponded to 65% of Citation: Miranda I, Sousa V, Ferreira J, Pereira H (2017) Chemical characterization and extractives total extractives in heartwood and 43% in sapwood. Lignin content was similar in sapwood composition of heartwood and sapwood and heartwood (28.1% and 28.6% of extractive-free wood respectively) as well as the sugar from Quercus faginea. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0179268. composition. Site did not influence the chemical composition. The lipophilic extractible com- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179268 pounds from both sapwood and heartwood included mainly saturated fatty acids (23.0% Editor: Horacio Bach, University of British and 36.9% respectively) and aromatic compounds were also abundant in sapwood (22.9%). Columbia, CANADA The ethanol-water extractibles had a high content of phenolic substances (558.0 and 319.4 Received: December 23, 2016 mg GAE/g extract, respectively of heartwood and sapwood).
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Distribution of 24 Major Tree Species
    TECHNICAL REPORT Maximize the production of goods and services by Mediterranean forest ecosystems in a context of global changes January 2015 Geographic distribution of 24 major tree species in the Mediterranean and their genetic resources This report is the result of work conducted by the Secretariat of the FAO Silva Mediterranea Committee and Plan Bleu as part of the project ”Maximize the production of goods and services of Mediterranean forest ecosystems in the context of global changes”, funded by the French Global Environment Facility (FFEM) for the period 2012-2016. LEGAL NOTICE The designations emplyoyed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organi- zation of the United Nations (FAO) or Plan Bleu pour l’Environnememnt et le Développement en Méditerranée (Plan Bleu) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, whther or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or Plan Bleu in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO or Plan Bleu. COPYRIGHT This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part of any form fro educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided akcnowledgment of the source is made. FAO would appreciat receiving a copy of any publication that uses his publication as a source.
    [Show full text]
  • Fagaceae) En Algérie (Morphological and Taxonomic Analysis of Quercus Faginea (Fagaceae) Complex in Algeria)
    Botany Analyse morphologique et taxonomique du complexe Quercus faginea (Fagaceae) en Algérie (Morphological and taxonomic analysis of Quercus faginea (Fagaceae) complex in Algeria) Journal: Botany Manuscript ID cjb-2020-0075.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 10-Aug-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Aissi, Abdeldjalil; Institut des sciences vétérinaires et des sciences agronomiques, des sciences agronomiques BEGHAMI, DraftYassine; D�partement dagronomie, universit� de Biskra Lepais, Olivier; INRAE Vela, Errol; University of Montpellier morphometry, indumentum, Q. canariensis Willd, Q. faginea subsp. Keyword: faginea, Q. f. subsp. broteroi Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 38 Botany Analyse morphologique et taxonomique du complexe Quercus faginea (Fagaceae) en Algérie Morphological and taxonomic analysis of Quercus faginea (Fagaceae) complex in Algeria Abdeldjalil Aissi1,*, Yassine Beghami1, Olivier Lepais2, Errol Véla3 1 LAPAPEZA, Université Batna 1 Hadj Lakhdar, ISVSA, Batna, Algérie. E-mail : [email protected] 2 BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France. E-mail : [email protected] 3 AMAP, Université de Montpellier/CIRAD/CNRS/INRA/IRD, Montpellier, France. E-mail : [email protected] *Auteur correspondant : Abdeldjalil Aissi, N.V. Hamla, Batna, Algérie. E-mail: [email protected] Draft © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Botany Page 2 of 38 Summary The systematics of Quercus faginea Lam. (s.l) (Fagaceae) remains obscure, as it tends to crossbreed with other species and show signs of polymorphism. Four subspecies were identified and currently recognized in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. However, the literature to date does not allow the distinction between the taxa present in Algeria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of Cork Oak Systems in Portugal: the Role of Ecological and Land Use Factors V
    Vanda Acácio Vanda the role of ecological and land use factors land ecological and of the role The dynamics of cork oak systems in Portugal: Portugal: in oak systems of cork dynamics The The dynamics of cork oak systems in Portugal: the role of ecological and land use factors V. Acácio 2009 The dynamics of cork oak systems in Portugal: the role of ecological and land use factors Vanda Acácio Thesis committee Thesis supervisors Prof. dr. ir. G.M.J. Mohren Professor of Forest Ecology and Forest Management Wageningen University Prof. dr. Francisco Castro Rego Associated Professor at the Landscape Architecture Department Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal Thesis co-supervisor dr. Milena Holmgren Assistant Professor at the Resource Ecology Group Wageningen University Other members Prof.dr. P.F.M. Opdam, Wageningen University Prof.dr. Stefan A. Schnitzer, University of Wisconsin, USA Prof.dr. B.J.M. Arts, Wageningen University Prof.dr. B.G.M. Pedroli, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation (PE&RC). The dynamics of cork oak systems in Portugal: the role of ecological and land use factors Vanda Acácio Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Doctorate Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 17 November 2009 at 4 PM in the Aula. Vanda Acácio The dynamics of cork oak systems in Portugal: the role of ecological and land use factors, 210 pages.
    [Show full text]
  • Quercus Suber Network
    . .'. -: . ~ -. '. .",;. , . Quercus sub r Network Report of the third and fourth meetings 9-12 June 1996, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy EUFORGEN 20-22 February 1997, Almoraima, Spain 1 J. Turok, M.C. Varela and C. Hansen, compilers EUROPEAN FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAMME (EUFORGEN) er rk Report of the third and fourth meetings 9-12 June 1996, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy 20-22 Febnlary 1997, Almoraima, Spain J. Turok, M.C. Varela and C. Hansen, compilers ii EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNEl'WORK The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization operating under the aegis of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The international status of IPGRI is conferred under an Establislunent Agreement which, by March 1997, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovak Republic, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. IPGRI's mandate is to advance the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRI works in partnership with other organizations, undertaking research, training and the provision of scientific and technical advice and information,
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Production of Quercus in the North-Western Iberian Peninsula and Airborne Pollen Concentration Trends During the Last 27 Years
    Article Pollen Production of Quercus in the North-Western Iberian Peninsula and Airborne Pollen Concentration Trends during the Last 27 Years María Fernández-González 1,2,* , Estefanía González-Fernández 2 , Helena Ribeiro 1,3, Ilda Abreu 1,4 and F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo 2 1 Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] (H.R.); [email protected] (I.A.) 2 CITACA. Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences University of Vigo, 32002 Ourense, Spain; [email protected] (E.G.-F.); [email protected] (F.J.R.-R.) 3 Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 4 Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-988-387-193 Received: 6 May 2020; Accepted: 19 June 2020; Published: 24 June 2020 Abstract: Natural forests are considered a reservoir of great biological diversity constituting one of the most important ecosystems in Europe. Quercus study is essential to assess ecological conservation of forests, and also of economic importance for different industries. In addition, oak pollen can cause high sensitization rates of respiratory allergies in pollen-allergy sufferers. This study sought to know the pollen production of six oak species in the transitional area between the Eurosiberian and Mediterranean Bioclimatic Regions, and to assess the impact of climate change on airborne oak pollen concentrations. The study was conducted in Ourense (NW Spain) over the 1993–2019 period.
    [Show full text]
  • 9240 Robledales Ibéricos De Quercus Faginea Y Quercus Canariensis
    1 PRESENTACIÓN 9240 ROBLEDALES IBÉRICOS DE QUERCUS FAGINEA Y QUERCUS CANARIENSIS AUTORES Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos y Teodoro Marañón 2 BOSQUES / 9240 ROBLEDALES IBÉRICOS DE QUERCUS FAGINEA Y QUERCUS CANARIENSIS Esta ficha forma parte de la publicación Bases ecológicas preliminares para la conservación de los tipos de hábitat de interés comunitario en España, promovida por la Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino). Dirección técnica del proyecto Rafael Hidalgo. Realización y producción Coordinación general Elena Bermejo Bermejo y Francisco Melado Morillo. Coordinación técnica Juan Carlos Simón Zarzoso. Colaboradores Presentación general: Roberto Matellanes Ferreras y Ramón Martínez Torres. Edición: Cristina Hidalgo Romero, Juan Párbole Montes, Sara Mora Vicente, Rut Sánchez de Dios, Juan García Montero, Patricia Vera Bravo, Antonio José Gil Martínez y Patricia Navarro Huercio. Asesores: Íñigo Vázquez-Dodero Estevan y Ricardo García Moral. Diseño y maquetación Diseño y confección de la maqueta: Marta Munguía. Maquetación: Do-It, Soluciones Creativas. Agradecimientos A todos los participantes en la elaboración de las fichas por su esfuerzo, y especialmente a Antonio Camacho, Javier Gracia, Antonio Martínez Cortizas, Augusto Pérez Alberti y Fernando Valladares, por su especial dedicación y apoyo a la dirección y a la coordinación general y técnica del proyecto. Las opiniones que se expresan en esta obra son responsabilidad de los autores y no necesariamente de la Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino). 3 PRESENTACIÓN La coordinación general del grupo 9 ha sido encargada a la siguiente institución Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre Autores: Ignacio M.
    [Show full text]
  • Oaks for the Adelaide Plains: Successful Species in the Waite Arboretum
    Treenet Proceedings of the 4 th National Street Tree Symposium: 4 th and 5 th September 2003 ISBN 0-9775084-3-9 Treenet Inc OAKS FOR THE ADELAIDE PLAINS: SUCCESSFUL SPECIES IN THE WAITE ARBORETUM Jennifer Gardner , Waite Arboretum, University of Adelaide, South Australia Abstract The University of Adelaide’s Waite Arboretum is a valuable experimental collection. Species of oaks performing well there under natural rainfall of 625 mm are reported. Most successful are the species from the Mediterranean region, California and Mexico. Many of these oaks have potential for street or amenity planting. Introduction Oaks belong to Quercus, one of eight genera in the family Fagaceae that occurs primarily in temperate Northern Hemisphere. The family also includes sweet chestnuts Castanea (8 spp.), Trigonobalanus (3 spp.), beeches Fagus (10 spp.), Chrysolepis (2 spp.) and two tropical genera Castanopsis (134 spp.) and Lithocarpus (325 spp.) (Govaerts & Frodin, 1998). In Australia the family is represented by the Gondwanan genus Nothofagus (34 spp.) which considered to be in a separate family by Hill & Jordan (1993). Of the 531 species of oaks, about 250 occur in the Americas, 125 in Asia and Malesia and the rest in Europe, N. Africa and Macaronesia (Govaerts & Frodin, 1998). Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico and East and Southeastern Asia are rich in species. The infrageneric taxonomy of oaks is in a state of flux and various schemes exist. Oaks are widely cultivated, and widespread hybridisation and high variability make the delimitation of some species contentious. The Waite Arboretum The Waite Arboretum is nestled in the foothills of Adelaide, South Australia , 34 o58’S 138 o 38’E at an altitude of 100 – 110m.
    [Show full text]