DEC~YBER1934 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 471 China Sea the morning of the 16th) close to and west of meters (29.22 inches), was recorded, together with winds the coast of . It was a very small center, within of force 9 from the east. On December 3, about 200 70 miles of the coast, as the observations taken on board miles east of Luzon, it caused destructive rains in the the S. S. Anking show. This ship, en route to , Cagayan River Valley (northern Luzon). Also, on followed the one hundred and nineteenth meridian very December 4 and 5, the northerly winds on the western closely and yet passed west of the typhoon on the after- side of the typhoon reinforced the circulation around the noon of the 17th. The nest day, the typhoon was over high-pressure area over China to such an estent that the western part of the Balintang Channel, where itl strong northeast monsoon winds extended as far as Singa- changed its course to the northeast, filling up over the pore. The path of this typhoon was unusual for the time Nansei (Loochoos) Islands, November 19. of year. The usual course of typhoons during the late At Legaspi, the niininium reading of the barometer months of the year is across the archipelago, so that one was 723.45 millimeters (28.4S2 inches); at Naga, 728.87 which recurves to the northeast is considered exceptional. millimeters (28.695 inches). The rains which this ty- It was very fortunate for the that this ty- phoon brought caused many deaths in and around the phoon recurved and did not pass over any part of the town of Mauban, Province. Seventeen hours Islands. of rain over the sources of the hfauban River caused a Typhoon, December 3 to Y.-This typhoon formed in the sudden and destructive flood, which took a toll of 52 China Sen and moved eastward, decreasing in intensity lives. The province of Tayahas suffered heavily and, on as it crossed the archipelago. The daily positions are November 24, the Governor releasecl the report that 106 given below: lives were lost because of this typhoon. December 3, G a. ni., latitude 10' N., long tude 116'30' E. Typhoon, November 24 to December 3.-This typhoon December 4, G a. m., latitude 11' N., longitude 119" E. first appeared on the weather map of November 24, Deceniber 5, G a. in., latitude 11' N.. longittide 132' E. December G, G a. m., latitude 11' N., longitude 129' E. 2 p. m., located about 500 miles southeast of Guam. It Deceiuber 7, 6 a. m., latitude 12' N., longitude 134' E. moved west-northwest and then was almost stationary, November 25 and 26, over the regions about 300 miles Regarding the formation of this typhoon, there are two south-southw-est of Guam. Taking a more westerly possibilities. The typhoon of November 24 to December course, it approached the island of Tap November 27, 3 (briefly described in the typhoons of November 1934) passing that island on a west by south course early in the was in the China Sea close to the same region where the forenoon of the same day. Moving very fast on a west present typhoon appeared. There were nt the time north- by north course, it approached the Visayan Islands, being east monsoon winds of considerable intensity over the China located on November 28 near latitude 10' N., longitude Sea, so the typhoon could not move very far on a westerly 131O E. November 29, at 6 a. m., it was close to and course; there is no definite evidence that it filled up, and south of Tacloban, Leyte Province, now changing to a so it is possible that it moved southward and appeared in west-northwest course. Crossing the Visayan Islands, it the China Sea west of Palawan Island, centered in the moved southwest of Masbate, north of Capiz, close to position given above. On the other hand, from observa- and south of Odiongon. The next morning, (Nov. 30) tions at Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, and also obser- it was over northern Mindoro. It continued its west- vations taken on board the S. S. Fathomer, then in port northwest course into the China Sea for 2 days. On at an island at the southern portion of the Palawan December 2, it changed its course more to the west and group, it seems to have been a new typhoon. It was filled up over the Paracel Islands the nest day. considered merely a low-pressure area until the S. S. This storm was the cause of much destruction to crops Hal& sent observations which definitely proved that it and light-material houses; little loss of life was reported, was a typhoon. Its eastward course was not rapid, and, fortunately it decreased in intensity as it moved. It except the case of the sinking of the M. S. Palupandan ccused great destruction in the town of Bacuit,, Palawan which was lost off Pandan, Antique Province, about 6:30 Province. Its path across the Visnyan Islands was along p. m. November 29. Of the crew of 28, 7 were saved, a well-defined front, between the northeast monsoon and according to the newspapers of Deceniber 5. the southwest monsoon, as it is called. The surface and Of the stations reporting, Guiuan, Samar Province, cloud observations from the stations in the Philippines reported the lowest barometric minimum, 724.80 milli- together with pilot balloon reports received by radio from meters (28.535 inches). Tacloban, Leyte Province re- Singapore and Mor Star gave clear evidence of the exist- ported 727.24 millimeters (28.631 inches). ence of this front. The typhoon moved with the warmer TYPHOONS AND DEPRESSIONS IN THE FAR EAST, current of air. DECEMBER 1934 A few words concerning the general situation during these days might be of interest. From November 20 on, BERNARDF. DOUCETTE,S. J. the high pressure over China became stronger, then [Weather Bureau, Manila, P. I.] weaker, then stronger, Then the typhoon of November 24 to December 3 formed and moved across the archi- Four typhoons and 1 depression, 2 of which were ex- pelago. Following it was the very severe typhoon de- ceptional because of their courses, occurred during the scribed above, which, however, recurved. When it month. We shall consider these in chronological order. reached the ocean area east of northern Luzon and For- Typhoon, November 30 to December 6.-The approxi- mosa, it caused the northeast monsoon to intensify. In mate positions of this typhoon, day by day, were: the China Sea, this prevented the typhoon which had November 30, 6 a. m., latitude 8O N., longitude 142O30' E. just crossed the Visayan Islands (Nov. 29 and 30) from December 1, 6 a. m., latitude 8'30' N., longitude 135' E. moving in a westerly direction. It moved more slowly December 2, 6 a. m., latitude 12' N., longitude 128'30' E. December 3, 6 a. m., latitude 15'30' N., longitude 124'30' E. and seemed to be filling up. Then, a typhoon appeared December 4, 6 a. m., latitude 21'30' N., longitude 129' E. west of northern Palawan (Dec. 3, lat. loo, long. 116'30') December 5, 6 a. m., latitude 26'30' N., longitude 137' E. and began to move in an easterly direction. In advance December 6, 6 a. m., latitude 30' N., longitude 141' E. of it was the well-defined front, and its course was prac- This typhoon was severe. As it passed Yap, about 60 tically that of the boundary between the two wind sys- miles to the south, a barometric minimum of 742.3 milli- tems. When this typhoon moved into the Pacific Ocean, Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/02/21 08:59 PM UTC 472 MONTHLY WEATBER REVIEW DECEMBER1934 the northeast monsoon prevailed over the whole archi- GALE IN THE RED SEA, NOVEMBER 1934 pelago. In the meteorological report received at the Weather Typhoon, December 4 to 7.-This typhoon formed so Bureau from the British S. S. Rummy, Capt. W. Shaw far to the east of the Philippines and moved in such a way Hickman, master, Second Officer R. S. McLean, observer, that it had no effect upon the w-eather of the archipelago is a description of a violent gale e-xperienced on November The approximate daily positions are given below: 18, 1934, while northbound in the Red Sea. The ship at December 4, G a. m., latitude 10' N., longitude 144' E. midnight (lTth-18th) was in latitude 23O12' N., longitude December 5, G a. m., latitude 15' N., longitude 140' E. 4, December G, G a. m., latitude 32' N., longitude 140' E. 36'48' E., wind east-southeast, force barometer 29.98 December 7, G a. m., latitude 26" N., longitude 147' E. inches (uncorrected). At 1:15 a.m. the wind suddenly shifted to north-northeast, force 9, accompanied by heavy Typhoon, December 12 to 18.-Forming southwest of rain and thunder. At 2 a.m. the wind force rose to 10, Palau Island, this disturbance moved toward the archi- with barometer steady at 29.98. pelago as a depression, increasing in intensity as it moved. After 1:15 a.m., according to Mr. McLean, "the sea It was strong enough on December 13 and 14 to be called rose very quickly and the steamer commenced shipping a typhoon, and t'hen it weakened and slowly filled up. water fore and aft, while spraying over all. At times The positions of this typhoon are given below: heavy spray was thrown clear over top of chart room on December 12, G a. in., latitude 5" N., longitude 133" E. top of bridge. The lookout man had to leave the fore- December 13, G a. ni., latitude 8'20' N., longitude 129'30' E. castle head and take up position on t,he bridge, it being December 14, G a. m., latitude 10' N., longitude 125' E. dangerous forward on account of sea rising so rapidly." Deceniber 15, G a. in., latitude 10'30' N., longitude 123' E. December lG, 6 a. m., latitude 12'30' N., longitude 1'22'30' E. By 2:lO a. m. the w-ind had decreased to northeast, force 4. December 17, G a. m., latitude 12'20' N., longitude 121'30' E. The observing officer referred to .t8hestormy conditions December 18, G a. m., latitude 11'30' N., longitude 117' E. as of exceptional character; and nlso drew attention to a Depression, December 16 to 19.-This depression formed thunderstorm experienced 12 hours previously, on the southwest of Tap and moved toward the Philippines, but 17th, in which the wind, which was from n northerly lost what little energy it had before reaching the archi- direction, force 2, at noon "shifted suddenly with one pelago. Its approximate positions are given below: leap" to south-southwest, force 6, nt 1:35 p.m. The two instances were mentioned as squalls extra- December lG, G a. in., latitude 7' N., longitude 137' E. December 17, G a. m., latitude 8' 30' N., longitude 135'30' E. ordinary to this region, and moving in diametrically December lS, G a. m.,latitude 10' N., longitude 132' E. opposite directions. The pressure throughout remained December 19, B a. m., latitude 10'20' N., longitude 130'30' E. at 29.98 inches.-W. E. H. CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLES CONDENSED CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY In the following table are given for the various sections of the climatological service of the Weather Bureau the monthly average temperature and total rainfall ; the stations report,ing the highest and lowest temperatures, with dates of occurrence; the stations reporting the greatest and least total precipitation; and other data as indicated by the several headings. The mean temperature for each section, the highest and lowest temperatures, the average precipitation, and the greatest and least monthly amount,s are found by using all trustworthy records available. The mean departures from normal temperatures and precipitation are based only on records from stations that have 10 or more years of observations. Of course, the number of such records is smaller than the total number of stations. Condensed climatological summary of temperature and precipitation by sections, December 1934 [For description of tables and charts, see Review, January,p. 371

Temperature Precipitation - - mL i Monthly extremes i !-.o Greatest monthly Least monthly r P Section 5 - - .a 2: B aJ Y gz Le .-E5 m m .- 2- I S tat ion c1 fitatlon c1 Station Station 0 2% W, mal n -z -E -

OF. OF. OF. OF. In. In. In. In. Alabama .___._...___46.7 -0.9 Pushmataha ....-... 80 30 Valley Head- ______10 12 3.41 -1.51 Milltown ______e.76 Valley Head ______1.63 Arizona ___...... _._..46.8 +?. 3 Murinette ...... _....85 11 2 stations __._....____ 0 3 1.71 +.51 Crown King ______4.18 Gila Bend ..___.______.ll Arkansas __..._._.___41.5 -1.2 Portland ..._._._....74 24 Dutton- - - ____.____.4 11 3.78 -. 51 England ______6.85 Bentonville. -.- - - __ __ .95 California___..._._._ 46.3 +. 7 2 stations ..._._._._._83 1 10 Sierraville______-12 31 3.20 -. 50 Crescent City (near) 13.53 Brawley. ______. 09 Colorado... .._..._._28.9 +3.5 Two Buttes ..______79 22 Fraser______. -24 4 .60 -. 31 Columbine ______3.13 6 stations ______.______.OO Florida __....__._.___60.0 .o Lalie Placid __.__.___90 13 2 stations ______16 12 1.00 -1.76 Pensacola ______2.56 Everglades _____ - - - - _. .00 Georgia ___._.____._._46.9 -1. 2 ? stations .___.___._.. 82 '3 3 stations _.______10 12 2.64 -1.62 Fort Gaines______6.02 Waycross. - ______..88 Idaho_____.._._____._ 27. i +l. 8 Lewiston .______.__. 62 19 Deadwood ____._____ -17 1 2.03 +.05 Roland _.______9.78 Challis .______.OB Illinois ______.___28.3 -2.2 Du Quoin.- - ______59 4 Sycamore______-9 a7 1.74 Indiana_.______...... 29.9 -2. 4 Shoals ______60 2 Fowler______-12 27 2.00 Iowa ______._._.___21.5 -?. 4 Sioux C1t.y______48 22 4 stations ______-17 Ill .57 -. 62 2.01 Kansas ___.._._._.___33.1 +. 3 Liberal..______72 28 Hanover ______-5 7 .42 -. 41 1.35 Kentucky __.______37.0 -. 9 Middlesboro .______.69 1 Anchorage ______6 12 2 18 -1.80 4.22 Louisiana ...... __.___52.8 +. 4 2 stations _.__.______82 1 30 2 stations ______14 12 3. 91 -1.47 7.69 Maryland-Dalamare. 35.2 -. 2 _____a0 _...._..___....71 1 Oaglmd, Md ______-16 11 2.75 -. 40 4.71

Michigan ._____....._33.4 -1.8 Webber Dam ______66 1 Vmdmbilt______-22 30 1.59 Lake City_.______.48 Minnesota _____...... 11.8 -3.7 4 stations ______..____45 12 2 stations ______-40 26 .95 Willmar ___.______.24 Mississippi. __._....47.8 -. 6 5 stations______80 I 30 ____do______12 111 4.53 Pontotoc _.______1.53 Missouri____.____.__. 31.6 -2.5 Qarber______69 28 Downing ______-3 28 1.66 Unionville- - ______._ . OF, Montana ______._._24.0 +l. 1 Grass Range ______67 11 Medicine Lake-.---- -40 28 .91 Four Buttes ______.03

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