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Literature Review: Upper Clutha Water Quality Prepared for the Upper Clutha Lakes Trust

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Literature Review: Upper Clutha Water Quality Prepared for the Upper Clutha Lakes Trust Literature Review: Upper Clutha Water Quality Prepared for the Upper Clutha Lakes Trust August 2019 © Landpro Ltd 2019 Prepared For Upper Clutha Lakes Trust Prepared By Landpro Ltd 13 Pinot Noir Drive PO Box 302 Cromwell Tel +64 3 445 9905 © Landpro Ltd 2019 2 QUALITY INFORMATION Reference: L:\18379 - Upper Clutha Lakes Trust - Upper Clutha Integrated Catchment Management Plan\Docs\190627 Literature Review FINAL.docx Date: 11 August 2019 Prepared by: Tim Muller, Nick Boyens & Claire Perkins Reviewed by: Kate Scott Client Review: UCLT Version Number: REVISED Disclaimer: We have prepared this report for our client based on their instructions. They may use it, as agreed between us. Landpro has no duty, and does not make or give any express or implied representation or guarantee, whatsoever to any person other than our client. If you are not our client then, unless this report has been provided to you as a local authority or central government agency as part of a public process: • you have no right to use or to rely on this report or any part of it, and • you may not reproduce any of it. We have done our best to ensure the information is fit for purpose at the date of preparation and meets the specific needs of our client. Sometimes things change or new information comes to light. This can affect our recommendations and findings. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Location ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 History .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Climate ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Topography and land use ................................................................................................................................... 13 Geology and soils ................................................................................................................................................... 18 Hydrology and hydrogeology ........................................................................................................................... 19 Clutha River/Mata-Au ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Hāwea catchment .............................................................................................................................................. 20 Wānaka catchment ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Clutha/Mata-au main stem and lower tributaries ................................................................................ 21 Current water quality ............................................................................................................................................ 22 Ecology ....................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Freshwater values ................................................................................................................................................... 36 Tangata whenua values .................................................................................................................................. 36 Upper Clutha community values ................................................................................................................. 36 ORC Water Plan values ................................................................................................................................... 39 POLICY AND PLAN DIRECTION .................................................................................................................................. 39 Resource Management Act 1991 .................................................................................................................... 39 National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management ....................................................................... 40 Regional Plan: Water for Otago ....................................................................................................................... 40 Queenstown Lakes District Plan ....................................................................................................................... 42 Other relevant guidance ..................................................................................................................................... 43 Lake Wānaka Preservation Act 1973 .......................................................................................................... 43 Conservation Act 1987..................................................................................................................................... 43 Catchment scale management examples ................................................................................................. 43 RISKS TO CATCHMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 44 Pressure – State – Impact Framework ............................................................................................................ 44 High Country in the Upper Catchment Above the Lakes ....................................................................... 45 Pressures ............................................................................................................................................................... 45 Information Gaps and Monitoring Recommendations ......................................................................... 47 Lake Wānaka and Lake Hāwea ......................................................................................................................... 47 Pressures ............................................................................................................................................................... 50 Information Gaps and Monitoring Recommendations ......................................................................... 51 Significant rivers not directly feeding the lakes (Cardrona River and Luggate Creek) ............... 52 Pressures ............................................................................................................................................................... 56 Information Gaps and Monitoring Recommendations ......................................................................... 57 Wānaka/Hāwea Basin outwash plains including Clutha River/Mata-Au and the underlying aquifers ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Pressures ............................................................................................................................................................... 62 Information Gaps and Monitoring Recommendations ......................................................................... 64 4 SUMMARY OF GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................. 65 NEXT STEPS......................................................................................................................................................................... 68 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 68 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX 1: BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................. 72 5 INTRODUCTION Upper Clutha Lakes Trust (UCLT) is working with the community to prepare an Integrated Catchment Management Plan (ICMP) for the Upper Clutha catchment. This plan will assist future sustainable management of the Upper Clutha’s diverse catchments. As part of the development of this ICMP there is a need to understand the background state of the environment, risks and pressures the catchment is facing and subsequently gaps in background data that currently exist. Below follows a review of the available literature and reports as they relate to water in the Upper Clutha. This report includes: • A state of the environment summary covering location, history, climate, topography and land use, geology and soils, hydrology, hydrogeology, water quality, ecology and freshwater values. • High level policy and plan direction. • Risks to the catchment addressed using a Pressure-State-Impact framework split into four
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