International Trade Statistics 2005

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

International Trade Statistics 2005 WTO 2005 2005 trade statistics International WTO Members (As of 31 August 2005) Albania The Gambia Nicaragua Angola Georgia Niger Antigua and Barbuda Germany Nigeria Argentina Ghana Norway Armenia Greece Oman Australia Grenada Pakistan Austria Guatemala Panama Bahrain, Kingdom of Guinea Papua New Guinea Bangladesh Guinea Bissau Paraguay Barbados Guyana Belgium Haiti Peru Belize Honduras Philippines Benin Hong Kong, China Poland Bolivia Hungary Portugal Botswana Iceland Qatar Brazil India Romania Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Rwanda Bulgaria Ireland Saint Kitts and Nevis Burkina Faso Israel Saint Lucia Burundi Italy Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Cambodia Jamaica Senegal Cameroon Japan Sierra Leone Canada Jordan Singapore Central African Republic Kenya Slovak Republic Chad Korea, Republic of Slovenia Chile Kuwait Solomon Islands China Kyrgyz Republic Colombia Latvia South Africa Congo Lesotho Spain Costa Rica Liechtenstein Sri Lanka Côte d’Ivoire Lithuania Suriname Croatia Luxembourg Swaziland Cuba Macao, China Sweden Cyprus Madagascar Switzerland Czech Republic Malawi Chinese Taipei Democratic Republic of the Congo Malaysia Tanzania Denmark Maldives Thailand Djibouti Mali Togo Dominica Malta Trinidad and Tobago Dominican Republic Mauritania Tunisia Ecuador Mauritius Turkey Egypt Mexico Uganda El Salvador Moldova United Arab Emirates Estonia Mongolia European Communities Morocco United Kingdom Fiji Mozambique United States of America Finland Myanmar Uruguay Former Yugoslav Republic Namibia Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) of Macedonia (FYROM) Nepal Zambia France Netherlands Zimbabwe Gabon New Zealand This report is also available in French and Spanish This publication is available online at (Price: CHF 50.00) http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/statis_e.htm To order, please contact: Further enquiries can be addressed to [email protected]. WTO Publications World Trade Organization ISBN 92-870-3313-7 154, rue de Lausanne Printed in Switzerland CH-1211 Geneva 21 Tel: (41 22) 739 52 08 © World Trade Organization 2005 Fax: (41 22) 739 54 58 Email: [email protected] International trade statistics 2005 WTO 2005 Acknowledgements This statistical report has been prepared under the general direction of Guy Karsenty, Chief Statistician. The Overview has been drafted by Michael Finger and the Statistics team has been led by Andreas Maurer. The data were prepared by Barbara d’Andrea- Adrian, Christophe Degain, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Yann Marcus, Coleman Nee, Bekele Tamenu and Ninez Piezas-Jerbi. Vuddha Meach coordinated the table, chart and map production with the assistance of Nicole Everlet, Karolina Safarzynska and Pratikshya Simkhada. Monia Mimouni and Aishah Colautti prepared the tables and charts for the Overview. The printing, carried out by WTO’s own printing facilities, was coordinated by Edmundo Murray of the Information and Media Relations Division. Thanks are due to the French and Spanish translators in the Language Services and Documentation Division for rendering the report in the WTO’s other official languages. For statistical sources used in this report, see the Technical Notes. ii Table of Contents World Trade Development in 2004 and Prospects for 2005 1. Hightlights of world trade in 2004 ........................................................................................................................1 2. Trade volume and output developments in 2004 .......................................................................................................2 3. Merchandise and commercial services trade in dollar value by sector .............................................................................2 4. Trade by region and country .................................................................................................................................9 5. Trade developments of selected Regional Trade Agreements and of the LDCs ................................................................. 16 6. Trade developments in the first half of 2005 and prospects ....................................................................................... 16 I. World trade in 2004 - overview ................................................................................................................ 19 II. Selected long-term trends ......................................................................................................................... 29 III. Trade by region .......................................................................................................................................... 37 1. Overview ..................................................................................................................................................... 37 2. North America ............................................................................................................................................... 45 3. South and Central America ............................................................................................................................... 54 4. Europe ........................................................................................................................................................ 63 5. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) .......................................................................................................... 73 6. Africa .......................................................................................................................................................... 80 7. Middle East .................................................................................................................................................. 86 8. Asia ............................................................................................................................................................ 89 9. Least-developed countries ............................................................................................................................... 102 IV. Trade by sector ......................................................................................................................................... 109 1. Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 109 2. Agricultural products .................................................................................................................................... 112 3. Fuels and mining products ............................................................................................................................. 119 3.1 Fuels .................................................................................................................................................. 121 4. Manufactures ............................................................................................................................................. 124 4.1 Iron and steel ....................................................................................................................................... 132 4.2 Chemicals ............................................................................................................................................ 136 4.3 Office machines and telecom equipment ..................................................................................................... 140 4.4 Automotive products .............................................................................................................................. 162 4.5 Textiles ................................................................................................................................................ 168 4.6 Clothing .............................................................................................................................................. 176 5. Commercial services ..................................................................................................................................... 183 5.1 Transportation services ............................................................................................................................ 183 5.2 Travel services ....................................................................................................................................... 185 5.3 Other commercial services ....................................................................................................................... 187 Appendix tables ............................................................................................................................................ 191 World maps ................................................................................................................................................... 247 Technical notes .............................................................................................................................................. 251 iii iv List of tables and charts Overview Chart 1 Share of China in selected economies’ merchandise exports and imports, 2000 and 2004 ................................1 Chart 2 Volume growth of world merchandise trade and output by sector in 2004 ...................................................2 Table 1 World exports of mechandise and commercial services, 2000-04 ................................................................3 Box 1 New country and product groups in WTO’s trade
Recommended publications
  • Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media
    China Perspectives 2018/3 | 2018 Twenty Years After: Hong Kong's Changes and Challenges under China's Rule Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media Francis L. F. Lee Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/8009 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.8009 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 1 September 2018 Number of pages: 9-18 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference Francis L. F. Lee, “Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media”, China Perspectives [Online], 2018/3 | 2018, Online since 01 September 2018, connection on 21 September 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/8009 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives. 8009 © All rights reserved Special feature China perspectives Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media FRANCIS L. F. LEE ABSTRACT: Most observers argued that press freedom in Hong Kong has been declining continually over the past 15 years. This article examines the problem of press freedom from the perspective of the political economy of the media. According to conventional understanding, the Chinese government has exerted indirect influence over the Hong Kong media through co-opting media owners, most of whom were entrepreneurs with ample business interests in the mainland. At the same time, there were internal tensions within the political economic system. The latter opened up a space of resistance for media practitioners and thus helped the media system as a whole to maintain a degree of relative autonomy from the power centre. However, into the 2010s, the media landscape has undergone several significant changes, especially the worsening media business environment and the growth of digital media technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Hongkong a Study in Economic Freedom
    HongKOng A Study In Economic Freedom Alvin Rabushka Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace Stanford University The 1976-77 William H. Abbott Lectures in International Business and Economics The University of Chicago • Graduate School of Business © 1979 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. ISBN 0-918584-02-7 Contents Preface and Acknowledgements vn I. The Evolution of a Free Society 1 The Market Economy 2 The Colony and Its People 10 Resources 12 An Economic History: 1841-Present 16 The Political Geography of Hong Kong 20 The Mother Country 21 The Chinese Connection 24 The Local People 26 The Open Economy 28 Summary 29 II. Politics and Economic Freedom 31 The Beginnings of Economic Freedom 32 Colonial Regulation 34 Constitutional and Administrative Framework 36 Bureaucratic Administration 39 The Secretariat 39 The Finance Branch 40 The Financial Secretary 42 Economic and Budgetary Policy 43 v Economic Policy 44 Capital Movements 44 Subsidies 45 Government Economic Services 46 Budgetary Policy 51 Government Reserves 54 Taxation 55 Monetary System 5 6 Role of Public Policy 61 Summary 64 III. Doing Business in Hong Kong 67 Location 68 General Business Requirements 68 Taxation 70 Employment and Labor Unions 74 Manufacturing 77 Banking and Finance 80 Some Personal Observations 82 IV. Is Hong Kong Unique? Its Future and Some General Observations about Economic Freedom 87 The Future of Hong Kong 88 Some Preliminary Observations on Free-Trade Economies 101 Historical Instances of Economic Freedom 102 Delos 103 Fairs and Fair Towns: Antwerp 108 Livorno 114 The Early British Mediterranean Empire: Gibraltar, Malta, and the Ionian Islands 116 A Preliminary Thesis of Economic Freedom 121 Notes 123 Vt Preface and Acknowledgments Shortly after the August 1976 meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society, held in St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Compelling Facts About Plastics an Analysis of Plastics Production, Demand and Recovery for 2005 in Europe - Published Spring 2007
    The Compelling Facts About Plastics An analysis of plastics production, demand and recovery for 2005 in Europe - Published Spring 2007 Contents 2005 at a glance 3 Plastics today – a global success story 4 Production and market demand of plastics in a world context 6 Production and demand in EU25+N/CH 7 Key figures 8 Plastics in a resource efficiency perspective 0 The plastics supply chain from cradle to grave Plastics continue to decouple growth in demand and material to landfill 2 Resource management strategies vary across Europe 3 Trends in mechanical recycling 4 Trends in feedstock recycling 6 Trends in energy recovery 7 Used plastics by sector 8 What has Europe learned, and what about the future? 9 References 20 What has changed? This brochure on production, demand and recovery in 2005 is the sixteenth annual publication by the manufacturers of plastics raw materials in Europe It aims to provide both an overview of the development of plastics in their wide variety of applications and the progress made to recover these plastics at their end- of-life phase PlasticsEurope’s Market Research and Statistics Group provided the input on production and demand of the plastics raw materials Consultic GmbH collected and estimated waste generation and recovery data for EU25+N/CH* For recovery data, official statistics have been used whenever these have been available from European or National authorities and waste management companies or organisations Where required research or knowhow from consultants has been used to complete the picture The
    [Show full text]
  • Bay to Bay: China's Greater Bay Area Plan and Its Synergies for US And
    June 2021 Bay to Bay China’s Greater Bay Area Plan and Its Synergies for US and San Francisco Bay Area Business Acknowledgments Contents This report was prepared by the Bay Area Council Economic Institute for the Hong Kong Trade Executive Summary ...................................................1 Development Council (HKTDC). Sean Randolph, Senior Director at the Institute, led the analysis with support from Overview ...................................................................5 Niels Erich, a consultant to the Institute who co-authored Historic Significance ................................................... 6 the paper. The Economic Institute is grateful for the valuable information and insights provided by a number Cooperative Goals ..................................................... 7 of subject matter experts who shared their views: Louis CHAPTER 1 Chan (Assistant Principal Economist, Global Research, China’s Trade Portal and Laboratory for Innovation ...9 Hong Kong Trade Development Council); Gary Reischel GBA Core Cities ....................................................... 10 (Founding Managing Partner, Qiming Venture Partners); Peter Fuhrman (CEO, China First Capital); Robbie Tian GBA Key Node Cities............................................... 12 (Director, International Cooperation Group, Shanghai Regional Development Strategy .............................. 13 Institute of Science and Technology Policy); Peijun Duan (Visiting Scholar, Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies Connecting the Dots ..............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Business Cycles in a Small Open Economy Model: the Case of Hong Kong.∗
    Business cycles in a small open economy model: The case of Hong Kong.∗ Paulina Etxeberria Garaigortay Amaia Izaz The University of the Basque Country. January, 2011 Abstract This paper analyzes the business cycle properties of the Hong Kong economy du- ring the 1982-2004 period, which includes the financial crisis experienced in Hong Kong in 1997-98. We show that output, output growth rate and real interest rates volatilities in Hong Kong are higher than their respective average volatilities among developed economies. In this paper, we build a stochastic neoclassical small open economy model that seeks to replicate the main business cycle characteristics of Hong Kong, and through which we try to quantify the role played by exogenous Total Factor Productivity and real interest rates shocks. The main finding is that, in order to ex- plain the Hong Kong business cycle characteristics, the trend volatility has to be higher than the volatility of the transitory fluctuations around the trend, and that the coun- try risk spread is the responsible for both the high variability and its countercyclicality. Keywords: Asian Financial Crisis, Small Open Economy, Neoclassical model. JEL Classification: E13, E32, F41. ∗We thank Cruz Angel´ Echevarr´ıa for useful comments. This paper was presented at the All China Economics (ACE) International Conference, Hong Kong, 2006, XXXIII Symposium of Economic Analysis, Spain, 2007, DEGIT XVI Dynamics, Economic Growth and International Trade, Los Angeles, USA, 2009. Financial support from Universidad del Pa´ısVasco MACLAB, project IT-241-07, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci´on,project ECO2009-09732 are gratefully acknowledged. Any remaining errors are the authors' responsibility.
    [Show full text]
  • (2005) I N Europe
    O RIGINAL ARTICLES Surveillance report I MPLEMENTING THE INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS (2005) IN EUROPE G Rodier1, M Hardiman1, B Plotkin1, B Ganter2 The adoption of the International Health Regulations (2005) (also of Member States of the WHO Regional Office for Europe in June referred to as IHR(2005) or the revised Regulations) provides a 2004, as well as a large number of written comments submitted to remarkable new legal tool for the protection of international public WHO. Under the new IHR(2005), WHO Member States have until health. Upon entry into force on 15 June 2007, Article 2 (‘Purpose 15 December 2006 to officially notify the WHO Director General of and scope’) provides that the overall focus of the efforts of States rejection of, or reservations about the IHR(2005), or they will become Parties (and World Health Organization’s efforts under the revised bound by the revised Regulations on 15 June 2007. Regulations will be to prevent, protect against, control and provide a Although the IHR(2005) build in part upon the text of current public health response to the international spread of disease in ways IHR(1969)[2], they are primarily based on the most recent experiences that are commensurate with the public health risks and which avoid of WHO and Member States in national surveillance systems, unnecessary interference with international traffic. Health measures epidemic intelligence, verification, risk assessment, outbreak alert, under the revised Regulations will be implemented with respect for and coordination of international response, all of which are part of travellers’ human rights, with several specific new requirements in this WHO’s ongoing work on global health security [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Political Economy of Hong Kong's Open Skies Legal Regime
    The Political Economy of Hong Kong's "Open Skies" Legal Regime: An Empirical and Theoretical Exploration MIRON MUSHKAT* RODA MUSHKAT** TABLE OF CONTENTS I. IN TRO DU CTIO N .................................................................................................. 38 1 II. TOW ARD "O PEN SKIES". .................................................................................... 384 III. H ONG K ONG RESPONSE ..................................................................................... 399 IV. QUEST FOR ANALYTICAL EXPLANATION ............................................................ 410 V. IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL REGIMES .................................................... 429 V 1. C O N CLU SION ..................................................................................................... 4 37 I. INTRODUCTION Hong Kong is widely believed to epitomize the practical virtues of the neoclassical economic model. It consistently outranks other countries in terms of the criteria incorporated into the Heritage Foundation's authoritative Index of Economic Freedom. The periodically challenging and potentially * Adjunct Professor of Economics and Finance, Syracuse University Hong Kong Program. ** Professor of Law and Director of the Center for International and Public Law, Brunel Law School, Brunel University; and Honorary Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong. tumultuous transition from British to Chinese rule has thus far had no tangible impact on its status in this respect. A new post-1997 political
    [Show full text]
  • Global Population Ageing, Migration and European External Policies
    Various studies on the policy implications of demographic change in national and Community policies LOT 5 Global Population Ageing, Migration and European External Policies Final report Contract VC/2005/0637 November 2006 Bo Malmberg Institute for Futures Studies Stockholm Sweden 1 Team of experts Bo Malmberg Kristof Tamas David Bloom Rainer Munz David Canning 2 © Institutet för Framtidsstudier, 2006 ISBN [Klicka här och skriv ISBN nr] ISBN [Klicka här och skriv ISBN nr] Textbearbetning och produktion: [Klicka här och skriv] Omslag: Carlsson/Neppelberg Tryck: [Klicka här och skriv] Distribution: Institutet för Framtidsstudier 3 Executive Summary During the last decades, it has become increasingly clear that demographic change constitutes one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. One important factor that has placed demographic change high on the political agenda is an increasing awareness of current demographic trends. Another factor that has contributed to the growing interest in demography is an emerging consensus among social scientists that demographic change is a vital trigger for social, economic and political development. The main question in this report is to what extent European external policies should be reconsidered in the light of current demographic challenges. The report is divided into three parts. In the first, introductory part, we take a look at current demographic trends. In the second part, we analyze demographic transitions and their economic, social and geo-political implications. In the third part of the report, European migration policies are in focus. The following points summarize the main findings. Some basic facts 1) Global population, which stood at 2.5 billion in 1950, has risen to 6.6 billion today.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Development Outlook Supplement June 2020
    ASIAN DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK SUPPLEMENT JUNE 2020 HIGHLIGHTS LOCKDOWN, LOOSENING, AND Developing Asia will barely grow in 2020, the 0.1% forecast in this ASIA’S GROWTH PROSPECTS Supplement is a further downward revision from 2.2% projected in April in Asian Development Outlook 2020 and the region’s slowest growth rate in 6 decades. From this low base, growth will Recent developments pick up to 6.2% in 2021. Excluding Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has continued to spread, and containment newly industrialized economies, measures have greatly disrupted economic activity. In the 2 months since Asian regional growth is forecast at 0.4% Development Outlook 2020 was released on 3 April, the number of COVID-19 in 2020 and 6.6% in 2021. cases worldwide has risen from less than 1 million to over 7 million by 12 June, Growth prospects for East Asia in with developing Asia accounting for 10.7% of the total (Figure 1). Domestic 2020 are downgraded from 2.0% to outbreaks have occurred in more economies in the region, with 21 of the 46 1.3%. This reflects expansion in the Asian Development Bank (ADB) developing member economies recording more People’s Republic of China by only than 1,000 cases each. In response, many governments have imposed lockdowns 1.8% in 2020, rebounding to 7.4% in of varying stringency and duration, with average stringency higher in South and 2021 and lifting subregional growth Central Asia and lower in East Asia (Figure 2). Many economies are now starting to 6.8%. to exit their lockdowns.
    [Show full text]
  • British Economic Interests and the Decolonization of Hong Kong
    James Blair Historical Review Volume 9 Issue 2 Article 3 2019 Setting the Sun on the British Empire: British Economic Interests and the Decolonization of Hong Kong Abby S. Whitlock College of William and Mary, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/jbhr Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Whitlock, Abby S. (2019) "Setting the Sun on the British Empire: British Economic Interests and the Decolonization of Hong Kong," James Blair Historical Review: Vol. 9 : Iss. 2 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/jbhr/vol9/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in James Blair Historical Review by an authorized editor of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Whitlock: British Economic Interests and the Decolonization of Hong Kong Setting the Sun on the British Empire: British Economic Interests and the Decolonization of Hong Kong Abby Whitlock Ruled under the Union Jack from 1841 to 1997, the British acquired Hong Kong during the second wave of European colonialism focused on Asia. Along with countries such as Germany, France, Portugal, and the Netherlands, Britain looked for new areas to provide support for mercantile capitalism and manufacturing developments. Under Britain’s 154 years of rule, the stable nature of British government systems and thorough economic investments caused Hong Kong to become a wealthy international trade center in the twentieth century. Despite these economic investments and interests, the nature of the New Territories Lease under which Britain acquired the totality of Hong Kong, which was to expire in 1997, opened the question of who was to control Hong Kong.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change in Europe. 1. Impact on Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity
    Climate change in Europe. 1. Impact on terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. A review Jane Feehan, Mike Harley, Jell van Minnen To cite this version: Jane Feehan, Mike Harley, Jell van Minnen. Climate change in Europe. 1. Impact on terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA, 2009, 29 (3), 10.1051/agro:2008066. hal-00886523 HAL Id: hal-00886523 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886523 Submitted on 1 Jan 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 29 (2009) 409–421 Available online at: c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2009 www.agronomy-journal.org DOI: 10.1051/agro:2008066 for Sustainable Development Review article Climate change in Europe. 1. Impact on terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. A review* Jane Feehan**,MikeHarley,Jellvan Minnen European Environment Agency, Kongens Nytorv 6, 1050 Copenhagen K, Denmark (Accepted 14 November 2008) Abstract – Ecosystems have an essential role in providing services to humankind such as nutrient cycling, pest control, pollination, quality of life, and hydrological, atmospheric and climatic regulation. About 60% of the world’s known ecosystems are currently used unsustainably.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Economic Development: a Primer
    Arndt-Corden Department of Economics Crawford School of Public Policy ANU College of Asia and the Pacific Asian economic development: A primer Prema-chandra Athukorala Crawford School of Public Policy Australian National University [email protected] March 2021 Working Papers in Trade and Development No. 2020/07 This Working Paper series provides a vehicle for preliminary circulation of research results in the fields of economic development and international trade. The series is intended to stimulate discussion and critical comment. Staff and visitors in any part of the Australian National University are encouraged to contribute. To facilitate prompt distribution, papers are screened, but not formally refereed. Copies are available at https://acde.crawford.anu.edu.au/acde-research/working- papers-trade-and-development Asian Economic Development: A Primer* Prema-chandra Athukorala Crawford School of Public Policy Australian National University [email protected] Abstract During the post-World War 11 era, the process of economic transformation in Asia has been more rapid and extensive than in any other region in the world. With the Asia-wide embrace of market-oriented policy reforms and following the meteoric rise of China and India’s awakening from economic slumber, the twenty-first century has come to be labelled the ‘Asian Century’. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the nonspecialized reader to a selection of published papers that provides a comprehensive picture of economic policymaking and performance of these countries. The compilation of the collection was motivated by both the economic significance of the region in the global economy and the pivotal role played by Asia-focused research in the enrichment of the subject area of development economics.
    [Show full text]