Inflammation and Cancer: a Comparative View
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Meat, Fish and Dairy Products and the Risk of Cancer: a Summary Matrix 7 2
Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer 2018 Contents World Cancer Research Fund Network 3 Executive summary 5 1. Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer: a summary matrix 7 2. Summary of Panel judgements 9 3. Definitions and patterns 11 3.1 Red meat 11 3.2 Processed meat 12 3.3 Foods containing haem iron 13 3.4 Fish 13 3.5 Cantonese-style salted fish 13 3.6 Grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) meat and fish 14 3.7 Dairy products 14 3.8 Diets high in calcium 15 4. Interpretation of the evidence 16 4.1 General 16 4.2 Specific 16 5. Evidence and judgements 27 5.1 Red meat 27 5.2 Processed meat 31 5.3 Foods containing haem iron 35 5.4 Fish 36 5.5 Cantonese-style salted fish 37 5.6 Grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) meat and fish 40 5.7 Dairy products 41 5.8 Diets high in calcium 51 5.9 Other 52 6. Comparison with the 2007 Second Expert Report 52 Acknowledgements 53 Abbreviations 57 Glossary 58 References 65 Appendix 1: Criteria for grading evidence for cancer prevention 71 Appendix 2: Mechanisms 74 Our Cancer Prevention Recommendations 79 2 Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer 2018 WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND NETWORK Our Vision We want to live in a world where no one develops a preventable cancer. Our Mission We champion the latest and most authoritative scientific research from around the world on cancer prevention and survival through diet, weight and physical activity, so that we can help people make informed choices to reduce their cancer risk. -
Evaluation of the Frequency of Patients with Cancer Presenting to an Emergency Department
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of the frequency of patients with cancer presenting to an emergency department Cem Isikber1 Muge Gulen1 Salim Satar2 Akkan Avci1 Selen Acehan1 Gulistan Gul Isikber3 Onder Yesiloglu1 1. Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Adana, Turkey. 2. Associate Professor, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Adana, Turkey. 3. Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Adana, Turkey. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.10.1402 SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the demographic characteristics of cancer patients admitted to an emergency department and determine the relationship between the frequency of admission to the emergency department and oncological emergencies and their effect on mortality. METHODS: This observational, prospective, diagnostic accuracy study was performed in the ED of a tertiary care hospital. Patients over the age of 18 who were previously diagnosed with cancer and admitted to the emergency service for medical reasons were included in the study. We recorded baseline characteristics including age, gender, complaints, oncological diagnosis, metastasis status, cancer treatments received, the number of ED admissions, structural and metabolic oncological emergency diagnoses in the ED, discharge status, length of hospital stay, and mortality status. RESULTS: In our study, 1205 applications related to the oncological diagnosis of 261 patients were examined. 55.6% of the patients were male, and 44.4% were female. The most common metabolic oncological emergency was anemia (19.5%), and the most common structural oncological emergency was bone metastasis-fracture (4.6%.) The mean score of admission of patients to the emergency department was four times (min: 1 max: 29) during the study period. -
A Study on Tumor Suppressor Genes Mutations Associated with Different Pppathologicalpathological Cccolorectalcolorectal Lllesions.Lesions
A Study on Tumor Suppressor Genes Mutations Associated with Different PPPathologicalPathological CCColorectalColorectal LLLesions.Lesions. Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree of Science in Biochemistry By Salwa Naeim Abd ElEl----KaderKader Mater M.Sc. in Biochemistry, 2002 Biological Applications Department Nuclear Research Center Atomic Energy Authority Under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Amani F.H Nour El ---Deen Prof. Dr. Abdel Hady Ali Abdel Wahab Professor of Biochemistry Professor of Biochemistry Biochemistry Department and Molecular Biology Faculty of Science Cancer Biology Department Ain Shams University National Cancer Institute Cairo University Prof. DrDr.MohsenMohsen Ismail Mohamed Dr. Azza Salah Helmy Professor of Clinical Pathology Biological Assistant Professor of Biochemistry Applications Department Biochemistry Department Nuclear Research Center Faculty of Science Atomic Energy Authority Ain Shams University 2012011111 ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺇِﻧﻤﺎ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻩ ﺇِﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﺭﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺃﹶﹾﻥ ﻳﹸﻘﻮﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻛﹸـﻦ ﻓﹶﻴﻜﹸـﻮ ﻥ ﹸ ””” ٨٢٨٨٢٢٨٢““““ﻓﹶﺴﺒﺤﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ﺑِﻴﺪِﻩِ ﻣﻠﹶﻜﹸﻮﺕ ﻛﹸـﻞﱢ ﺷـﻲﺀٍ ﻭﺇِﻟﹶﻴـﻪِ ﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥﹶ ””” ٨٣٨٨٣٣٨٣““““ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ رة (٨٢-٨٣) I declare that this thesis has been composed by myself and the work there in has not been submitted for a degree at this or any other university. Salwa Naeim Abd El-Kader Matter To my dear husband and family Their love, encouragement and help made my studies possible and to them I owe everything. Thank you Salwa Naeim Abd El-Kader Matter Acknowledgement First of all, thanks to Allah the most merciful for guiding me and giving me the strength to complete this work. It is pleasure to express my deepest thanks and profound respect to Prof. -
Jnsclcase2026 1..4
J Neurosurg Case Lessons 1(3):CASE2026, 2021 DOI: 10.3171/CASE2026 Intracranial temporal bone angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: illustrative case Shivani Gillon, BS, BA,1 Jacqueline C. Junn, MD,6 Emily A. Sloan, MD, PhD,2 Nalin Gupta, MD, PhD,3 Alyssa Reddy, MD,4 and Yi Li, MD5 1School of Medicine, Departments of 2Pathology, 3Neurological Surgery, 4Neurology, and 5Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California; and 6Department of Radiology, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York BACKGROUND Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare, slowly progressive neoplasm that most commonly occurs in soft tissues. AFH rarely occursin bone suchas the calvaria.Theauthors presenta case ofAFH inthe petrous temporal bone,which,totheirknowledge, is the first case of AFH in this location. OBSERVATIONS A 17-year-old girl presented with worsening positional headaches with associated tinnitus and hearing loss. Imaging demonstrated an extraaxial mass extending into the right cerebellopontine angle, with erosion of the petrous temporal bone, with features atypical for a benign process. The patient underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy for tumor resection. Pathology was consistent with a spindle cell tumor, and genetic testing further revealed an EWSR1 gene rearrangement, confirming the diagnosis of AFH. The patient was discharged with no complications. Her symptoms have resolved, and surveillance imaging has shown no evidence of recurrence. LESSONS The authors report the first case of AFH in the petrous temporal bone and only the second known case in the calvaria. This case illustrates the importance of the resection of masses with clinical and imaging features atypical of more benign entities such as meningiomas. -
Environmental Causes of Cancer
British Toxicology Society http://www.thebts.org/ Environmental Causes of Cancer What is cancer? Cancer is the uncontrolled replication of cells. Such cells have different characteristics from regular cells, enabling them to escape the normal mechanisms controlling cell division and fate. Cancer develops when cells progressively acquire several of these characteristics. Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. During their lifetime, approximately 50% of the population will develop cancer and, globally, almost 17% will die of cancer. Cancer is spoken of as if it were a single disease, but it is a multiplicity of diseases, each with its own aetiology, risk factors and population trends. Nevertheless, amongst adverse health effects, it is amongst those diseases treated with most dread, not surprisingly given that some forms of cancer are untreatable and have a very high mortality rate. Cancer is a progressive and persistent disease and it typically takes approx. 25% of a lifespan to develop cancer in a solid tissue, such as the liver or lung. A corollary of this is that most cancers are diseases of older age, and almost 50% of cancer deaths are in the over 70s. Hence, as the population ages, the proportion dying of cancer increases. This, in part, reflects the effectiveness of improving population longevity. Given the above, there has been intense focus over the last 50 years in trying to identify the causes of cancer, in that prevention would be the most effective public health strategy. Early studies concluded that the majority of cancer was environmental in origin and some inferred that this was because of the presence of chemicals in the environment, whereas in fact it meant that most cancers were not obviously inherited, i.e. -
Cancer Cause: Biological, Chemical and Physical Carcinogens
Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences (ISSN: 2354-323X) Vol. 6(9) pp. 303-306, September, 2018 Available online http://www.meritresearchjournals.org/mms/index.htm Copyright © 2018 Merit Research Journals Review Cancer Cause: Biological, Chemical and Physical Carcinogens Asst. Prof. Dr. Chateen I. Ali Pambuk* and Fatma Mustafa Muhammad Abstract College of Dentistry / University of Cancer arises from abnormal changes of cells that divide without control Tikrit and are able to spread to the rest of the body. These changes are the result of the interaction between the individual genetic factors and three *Corresponding Author Email: categories of external factors: a chemical carcinogens, radiation, hormonal [email protected]. imbalance, genetic mutations and genetic factors. Genetic deviation leads to Mobile phone No. 009647701808805 the initiation of the cancer process, while the carcinogen may be a key component in the development and progression of cancer in the future. Although the factors that make someone belong to a group with a higher risk of cancer, the majority of cancers actually occur in people who do not have known factors. The aim of this descriptive mini-review, generally, is to shed light on the main cause of cancer and vital factors in cellular system and extracellular system that may be involved with different types of tumors. Keywords: Cancer, Cancer cause, physical Carcinogens, Chemical carcinogens, biological carcinogens INTRODUCTION Carcinogen is any substance (radioactive or radiation) .Furthermore, the chemicals mostly involve as the that is directly involved in the cause of cancer. This may primary cause of cancer, from which dioxins, such as be due to the ability to damage the genome or to disrupt benzene, kibon, ethylene bipromide and asbestos, are cellular metabolism or both rendering the cell to be classified as carcinogens (IUPAC Recommendations, sensitive for cancer development. -
Mechanisms of Type-I Ifn Inhibition: Equine Herpesvirus-1 Escape from the Antiviral Effect of Type-1 Interferon Response in Host Cell
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science Veterinary Science 2019 MECHANISMS OF TYPE-I IFN INHIBITION: EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1 ESCAPE FROM THE ANTIVIRAL EFFECT OF TYPE-1 INTERFERON RESPONSE IN HOST CELL Fatai S. Oladunni University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5050-0183 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2019.374 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Oladunni, Fatai S., "MECHANISMS OF TYPE-I IFN INHIBITION: EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1 ESCAPE FROM THE ANTIVIRAL EFFECT OF TYPE-1 INTERFERON RESPONSE IN HOST CELL" (2019). Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science. 43. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/43 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary Science at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. -
Risk Factors and Causes of Cancers in Adolescents
cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Risk Factors and Causes of Cancers in Adolescents A risk factor is anything that increases a person's chances of getting a disease such as cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. In older adults, many cancers are linked to lifestyle-related risk factors such as smoking, being overweight, eating an unhealthy diet, not getting enough exercise, and drinking too much alcohol. Exposures to things in the environment, such as radon, air pollution, asbestos, or radiation during medical tests or procedures, also play a role in some adult cancers. These types of risk factors usually take many years to influence cancer risk, so they are not thought to play much of a role in cancers in children or teens. Cancer occurs as a result of changes (mutations) in the genes1 inside our cells. Genes, which are made of DNA, control nearly everything our cells do. Some genes affect when our cells grow, divide into new cells, and die. Changes in these genes can cause cells to grow out of control, which can sometimes lead to cancer. Some people inherit gene mutations from a parent that increase their risk of certain cancers. In people who inherit such a mutation, this can sometimes lead to cancer earlier in life than would normally be expected. But most cancers are not caused by inherited gene changes. We know some of the causes of gene changes that can lead to adult cancers (such as the lifestyle-related and environmental risk factors mentioned above), but the reasons for gene changes that cause most cancers in teens are not known. -
Malignant Histiocytosis (Histiocytic Medullary Reticulosis) with Spindle Cell Differentiation and Tumour Formation
J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.30.2.120 on 1 February 1977. Downloaded from J. clin. Path., 1977, 30, 120-125 Malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary reticulosis) with spindle cell differentiation and tumour formation J. B. MACGILLIVRAY1 AND J. S. DUTHIE2 From the Departments ofPathology and Surgery, Maryfield Hospital, Dundee sumMARY Malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary reticulosis) in a 45-year-old white man is described. Unusual features were presentation as a surgical emergency with signs of obstruction and peritonitis due to an ileal tumour and extensive spindle cell differentiation. Problems in the differential diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis are briefly discussed. Malignant histiocytosis has been defined by presentation as a surgical emergency with signs of Rappaport (1966) as a systemic, progressive, obstruction and peritonitis due to a large tumour in invasive proliferation of morphologically atypical the ileum and because the pathology was atypical due histiocytes and of their precursors. The disease, to the prominent spindle cell differentiation in the which is also known as histiocytic medullary ileal tumour, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. reticulosis, was first recognised by Scott and Robb- copyright. Smith (1939). Since then reports of single cases and Case report series of cases have included those by Marshall (1956), Greenberg et al. (1962), Serck-Hanssen and A 45-year-old white man was admitted as a surgical Purchit (1968), Abele and Griffin (1972), Byrne and emergency complaining of severe abdominal pain. Rappaport (1973), and Warnke et al. (1975). For the previous two weeks he had had several Greenberg et at. (1962), who reviewed 47 previously attacks of mild abdominal pain accompanied by reported cases, stressed the repetitious clinical vomiting and he had passed melaena stools. -
The Detection and Localization of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) in Human Ovarian Cancer
The detection and localization of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human ovarian cancer. R P Negus, … , A Mantovani, F R Balkwill J Clin Invest. 1995;95(5):2391-2396. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI117933. Research Article Chemokines may control the macrophage infiltrate found in many solid tumors. In human ovarian cancer, in situ hybridization detected mRNA for the macrophage chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in 16/17 serous carcinomas, 4/4 mucinous carcinomas, 2/2 endometrioid carcinomas, and 1/3 borderline tumors. In serous tumors, mRNA expression mainly localized to the epithelial areas, as did immunoreactive MCP-1 protein. In the other tumors, both stromal and epithelial expression were seen. All tumors contained variable numbers of cells positive for the macrophage marker CD68. MCP-1 mRNA was also detected in the stroma of 5/5 normal ovaries. RT-PCR demonstrated mRNA for MCP-1 in 7/7 serous carcinomas and 6/6 ovarian cancer cell lines. MCP-1 protein was detected by ELISA in ascites from patients with ovarian cancer (mean 4.28 ng/ml) and was produced primarily by the cancer cells. Human MCP-1 protein was also detected in culture supernatants from cell lines and in ascites from human ovarian tumor xenografts which induce a peritoneal monocytosis in nude mice. We conclude that the macrophage chemoattractant MCP-1 is produced by epithelial ovarian cancer and that the tumor cells themselves are probably a major source. MCP-1 may contribute to the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages, which may subsequently influence tumor behavior. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/117933/pdf Rapid Publication The Detection and Localization of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) in Human Ovarian Cancer Rupert P. -
Progressive Histiocytosis of Non-Epitheliotropic Dendritic Cells in a Feline
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2020. 48(Suppl 1): 577. CASE REPORT ISSN 1679-9216 Pub. 577 Progressive Histiocytosis of Non-Epitheliotropic Dendritic Cells in a Feline Nayadjala Távita Alves dos Santos, Jássia da Silva Meneses, João Batista Machado Alves Neto, Thaís Ribeiro Félix, José de Jesus Cavalcante dos Santos, Rômulo Freitas Francelino Dias, Luiz Eduardo Carvalho Buquera & Ricardo Barbosa Lucena ABSTRACT Background: Histiocytic tumors in felines are nodules that commonly develop on limbs and head extremities. They can be divided into many subtypes including cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, reactive fibrohistiocytic nodule, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and progressive feline dendritic cell. Despite the same origin, they have behaviors that differ from each other, thus it is important to confirm diagnosis with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests, because early identification can facilitate prognosis and treatment. In this study, we describe the pathological and immunohisto- chemical characteristics, enabling differentiation feline neoplasms derived from histiocytes. Case: A 5-year-old, crossbreed, male, feline presented with a nodulation at the base of the left ear. The mass was slow growing, partially alopecic, with no other changes associated with tumor development. The nodule was round and cir- cumscribed, movable, with an elevated surface. He was referred for surgery and an elliptical sample around the tumor was carefully dissected. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as immunohistochemistry. Histopathology showed circumscribed proliferation of histiocytic cells, with abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The proliferative cells were large and rounded, extending from the superficial dermis and base- ment membrane to the deep dermis. At the extremities, some cells had visible vacuoles. -
VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 Expression in Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma
VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 expression in canine cutaneous histiocytoma Justina Prada1, Rita Ferreira2, Felisbina Luísa Queiroga3, Andreia Garcês3, Paula Rodrigues1, Isabel Pires ©Andreia Garcês INTRODUCTION RESULTS Canine histiocytic proliferative disorders include lesions 16 such as canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH), a Most of the analyzed tumours were negative for 14 common and usually solitary, benign neoplasm that VEGF-A (n=37; 74%) or had focal (n=6; 12%) appears as a rapidly growing, alopecic, erythematous, or diffuse positivity (n=7; 14%). For VEGF-A 12 dome-shaped nodule, often with ulceration. The differences between groups were statistically 10 significant (p=0,002). Negative tumors - regression phenomena, to which is associated, makes it 8 + generally belonged to histological groups I ++ an attractive system for analysis of Langerhans cell 6 histiocytosis behaviour, and could be regarded as an (fig.2) and II (fig. 3), both with low to moderate +++ 4 unique model to understand the pathogeny of the lymphoid infiltration, located at the periphery of enigmatic disease of human Langerhans cell the tumor. 2 The cases with a greater intensity and labelling histiocytosis. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), 0 the most potent and ubiquitous endothelial growth factor extension belonged mainly to the histological Grupo I Grupo II Grupo III Grupo IV constitutes a key sign used by oxygen private cells to group III (fig. 4), and also presented a large Figure 1: VEGF-A immunoexpression in HCC histological groups. promote growth and differentiation of blood vessels . It amount of lymphocytes, dispersed within the has a preponderant role in development of neoplasia and tumor.