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WASP-Related Proteins, Abi1 and Ena/VASP Are Required for Listeria Invasion Induced by the Met Receptor

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WASP-Related Proteins, Abi1 and Ena/VASP Are Required for Listeria Invasion Induced by the Met Receptor 1769 Author Correction Bierne,·H., Miki,·H., Innocenti,·M., Scita,·G., Gertler,·F.·B., Takenawa,·T. and Cossart,·P. (2005). WASP-related proteins, Abi1 and Ena/VASP are required for Listeria invasion induced by the Met receptor. J. Cell Sci. 118, 1537-1547. There was an error in the labelling of Fig. 5A (lanes 5 and 8) in both the online and print versions of this paper. The correct figure is shown below. The authors apologise for this error. Journal of Cell Science Research Article 1537 WASP-related proteins, Abi1 and Ena/VASP are required for Listeria invasion induced by the Met receptor Hélène Bierne1, Hiroaki Miki2, Metello Innocenti3, Giorgio Scita3, Frank B. Gertler4, Tadaomi Takenawa5 and Pascale Cossart1,* 1Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U604, INRA USC2020, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France 2Division of Cancer Genomics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, MInato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 3The European Institute of Oncology (IEO) and the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy 4Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA 5Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 25 January 2005 Journal of Cell Science 118, 1537-1547 Published by The Company of Biologists 2005 doi:10.1242/jcs.02285 Summary Internalisation of the pathogenic bacterium Listeria Listeria internalization, and their deregulation by monocytogenes involves interactions between the invasion sequestration or overexpression, modifies actin cups protein InlB and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, beneath entering particles. Taken together, these results Met. Using colocalisation studies, dominant-negative identify the WAVE complex, N-WASP and Ena/VASP as constructs and small interfering RNA (siRNA), we key effectors of the Met signalling pathway and of Listeria demonstrate a cell-type-dependent requirement for various entry and highlight the existence of redundant and/or WASP-related proteins in Listeria entry and InlB-induced cooperative functions among WASP-family members. membrane ruffling. The WAVE2 isoform is essential for InlB-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements in Vero cells. In HeLa cells, WAVE1, WAVE2 and N-WASP cooperate to Supplementary material available online at promote these processes. Abi1, a key component of WAVE http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/118/7/1537/DC1 complexes, is recruited at the entry site in both cell types Journal of Cell Science and its inactivation by RNA interference impairs InlB- Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, Cytoskeleton, HGF, Actin, Rac, mediated processes. Ena/VASP proteins also play a role in Cdc42, Phagocytosis Introduction crucial event in the formation of phagocytic cups. Additionally, The protein InlB promotes internalisation of the pathogenic the disruption of the actin network during bacterial engulfment bacterium Listeria monocytogenes in a wide variety of cells requires depolymerisation of actin at pointed ends by cofilin (reviewed by Bierne and Cossart, 2002), principally through (Bierne et al., 2001). However, the factor(s) recruiting and interactions with Met, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activating Arp2/3 and how elongation of filament barbed ends receptor (Shen et al., 2000). InlB-induced phagocytosis is regulated during Listeria internalisation have not been involves extension of membranes around the particle and investigated. formation of an F-actin cup, leading to the progressive The Arp2/3 complex is recruited and activated by proteins engulfment of the bacterium into the target cell of the WASP/WAVE (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein/ (Supplementary material, Movie 1). Interestingly, similar to WASP family Verprolin-homologous protein) family (reviewed HGF, purified InlB induces membrane ruffling when added to by Takenawa and Miki, 2001; Stradal et al., 2004). cells as a soluble factor. Entry of bacteria and InlB-induced Hematopoietic WASP and the ubiquitously expressed N- ruffling share the same regulatory proteins (Bierne et al., WASP are activated downstream of Cdc42, by directly 2001). Thus, InlB can be used to investigate the cascade of interacting with this Rho-GTPase through their CRIB events leading to two types of actin-dependent processes: (Cdc42/Rac-interactive-binding) domain (Rohatgi et al., 1999; phagocytosis and ruffling. Takenawa and Miki, 2001). In contrast, WAVE proteins We previously identified Arp2/3, the Rho GTPases Rac1 and function downstream of Rac in mediating membrane Cdc42, cofilin and LIM-kinase as key regulators of InlB-Met protrusion (Takenawa and Miki, 2001). For instance, induced actin rearrangements (Bierne et al., 2001). The Arp2/3 inactivation of WAVE2, by dominant-negative approaches complex promotes nucleation of actin filaments and stimulates (Miki et al., 1998) or by gene disruption in mice (Yamazaki et the formation of branched actin networks (Machesky and al., 2003; Yan et al., 2003), results in impairment of cell Gould, 1999; Welch, 1999; Pollard and Beltzner, 2002), a motility and Rac-dependent lamellipodia. Three WAVE 1538 Journal of Cell Science 118 (7) isoforms have been described, WAVE1, -2 and -3. Although 37°C in brain-heart infusion agar (BHI, Difco), supplemented with 8 WAVE2 is ubiquitous, WAVE1 is mainly found in the brain and µg/ml erythromycin for BUG 1641. Vero and HeLa cells were WAVE3 is strictly located in the brain (Suetsugu et al., 1999; cultured in MEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% FCS (Sera-Lab), Sossey-Alaoui et al., 2003). Functionally, WAVE1 and WAVE2 2 M glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and 1% non-essential amino ° have been proposed to play differential roles, being required acids at 37 C in 10% CO2. HeLa WAVE2-knockdown and Abi- for the formation of PDGF-induced ruffles at the dorsal surface knockdown cells (Innocenti et al., 2004) were supplemented with 2.5 µg/ml puromycin. Inactivation of Abi1 in Abi1-knockdown cells was and at peripheral regions of cells, respectively (Suetsugu et al., verified by immunofluorescence. Approximately 50-70% of cells 2003). were knocked down and the remainder re-expressed Abi1. WAVEs do not contain a CRIB motif. Consistently, no direct association of WAVEs with Rac has ever been detected. Two pathways may regulate WAVE proteins. First, WAVE2, among Transient transfections the three WAVEs, was shown to bind activated Rac via the Cells (2.5ϫ104/ml) were plated on coverslips, transfected 18 hours or insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate p53, IRSp53, which 36 hours later using Lipofectamine-plus (Gibco) or Effecten (Qiagen) in turn, can stimulate WAVE2 nucleating activity (Miki et al., and used in invasion, ruffling or immunoprecipitation assays 24-48 2000). Alternatively, WAVE proteins can assemble into a hours after transfection. The plasmids used were pEGFP-N3-WAVE2 multi-molecular complex, containing Nap1, PIR121/Sra1, (Suetsugu et al., 2003), pEGFP-N1-NWASP and FLAG-tagged ∆VPH-WAVE2 (Suetsugu et al., 1999), EGFP-Mena, EGFP-FPPPP- HSPC300 and the Abl-kinase-interacting proteins Abi-1 or mito and EGFP-APPPPmito (Bear et al., 2000). The pEGFP-NWASP- Abi-2 (Eden et al., 2002; Soderling et al., 2002; Kunda et al., ∆V was generated by cloning a BglII PCR fragment into BamHI and 2003; Innocenti et al., 2004; Steffen et al., 2004). This complex EcoRI sites in pEGFP. serves as a link to the incoming signal from activated Rac and ensures that the WAVE-mediated actin nucleation is spatially restricted to the cellular leading edge, where actin SiRNA assays polymerisation is needed for protrusion. Additionally, the Cells were plated 1 day before transfection at 7ϫ104 to 1ϫ105 integrity of the WAVE complex is required to prevent cells/well in six- and 24-well plates. They were then transfected using degradation of each single component (Kunda et al., 2003; Oligofectamine (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s Innocenti et al., 2004; Steffen et al., 2004). To date, the role of instructions and used for invasion, ruffling and immunoblotting assays, 72 hours later, as described below. The siRNA used were as WAVE during the bacterial invasion process has not been follows: WAVE1 (Ambion; NM_003931); WAVE2 (Ambion; explored, which prompted us to investigate this issue during NM_006990); N-WASP (Santa Cruz; Sc-36006) and VASP (Santa both Listeria entry and InlB-induced membrane ruffling. Cruz; sc-29516). The control siRNA was a sequence in WAVE3 Following Arp2/3 activation and initiation of actin (Ambion; NM_006646), as WAVE3 expression is restricted to the polymerisation, elongation of actin filaments is required to brain (Sossey-Alaoui et al., 2003) and a random siRNA from support the extension of membranous structures around Eurogentec (sense, 5′-CGGGUAGAGCUCUACGCGATT-3′; entering bacteria. Probable candidates to stimulate this process antisense, 5′-UCGCUAGAGCUCUACCCGTT-3′). are the proteins of the Ena/VASP family. Ena/VASP proteins are implicated in cytoskeletal reorganisation during actin- Journal of Cell Science Quantification of phagocytosis dependent motility processes (for a review, see Krause et al., Quantification of invasion efficiency in transfection experiments using 2003; Kwiatkowski et al., 2003). Recruitment of Ena/VASP dominant-negative constructs were done by directly counting proteins
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