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Mars • Venus IC – Jun 3 (58 Arc-Sec) • Venus GWE – Aug 12 (24.5 Arc-Sec) Jupiter

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Milky Way, Whiteside, MO July 7, 2018 References: http://www.seasky.org/astronomy/astronomy-calendar-2020.html http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/2020-BestEvents.htm https://in-the-sky.org/newscalyear.php?year=2020&maxdiff=7 https://www.go-astronomy.com/solar-system/event-calendar.htm https://www.photopills.com/articles/astronomical-events-photography- guide#step1 https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/ https://www.calsky.com/cs.cgi?obs=6220674044141599 All Photos by Mark Jones Unless noted Southern Cross May 6, 2018 Tulum, MX Full Moon Events 2020 Largest March 9, 2020: This is the 2nd biggest full moon of the year. Full Moon (diameter: 33.4233') April 8, 2020: This is the biggest full moon of the year. Full Moon (diameter: 33.4579’) Image below shows the apparent size difference between largest and smallest dates Canon DSLR FL=300mm Full Moon Events 2020 Smallest October 1, 2020: This is the 2nd smallest full moon of the year. Full Moon (diameter: 29.4841') October 31: This is the smallest of the year, the 2nd smallest full moon of the next 10 years. Full Moon (diameter: 29.4103’) Image below shows the apparent size difference between largest and smallest dates Full Moon Events 2020 When is the Next Blood Moon? i.e. Total Eclipse Once every 19 years, there's a long gap between total lunar eclipses; this occurs because of the geometry of the positions of the Earth, sun and moon. This means that the next total lunar eclipse won't happen until 2021 (Asia). North and South America will finally see a blood moon again on May 16, 2022 Total Lunar Eclipse, Oct 8 2014 Canon DSLR, Celstron C-8 Other Moon Events 2020 Golden Handle on the Moon Sun rises on the Jura mountains, while Sinus Iridium is still in shadow • Jan 5 – 13:56 Alt=7° • Mar 4 – 21:00 Alt=70° • Apr 3 – 14:15 Alt=-0.5° • May 2 – 22:58 Alt=54° • Jun 30 – 18:39 Alt=25° • Dec 24 – 22:27 Alt=49° Yellow=Favorable Moon Conditions Start times. Event visible up to 7 hours Data provided by CalSky Photos by Werner Priller Local STL times Other Moon Events 2019 Lunar-X on the Moon • Mar 1 – 17:59 Alt=68° • Apr 29 – 20:51 Alt=58° • Jun 27 – 20:43 Alt=47° • Oct 23 – 20:39 Alt=27° • Dec 21 – 22:24 Alt=18° Yellow=Favorable Moon Conditions Start times. Event visible up to 2 hours Data provided by CalSky Local STL times March 1 • Lunar X - 17:59 Alt=68° • Barrow - 19:19 Alt=58° • Lunar V - 21:13 Alt=37° • Walter - 22:06 Alt=27° Lunar X - crater edges north of Werner visible on the morning terminator Barrow lunar sunlight ray on the morning terminator Lunar V - ridges east of Ukert visible on the morning terminator Walter lunar sunlight ray visible on the morning terminator Start times. Event visible up to 1/2 hour Data provided by CalSky Photo by Mary Spicer Local STL times March 1 • Barrow - 19:19 Alt=58° Barrow lunar sunlight ray on the morning terminator Start times. Event visible up to 1/2 hour Data provided by CalSky Photo by Helmut Gröll, Moers, Germany Local STL times March 1 • Walter - 22:06 Alt=27° Walter lunar sunlight ray visible on the morning terminator Start times. Event visible up to 1/2 hour Data provided by CalSky Photo by Mike I Jones Local STL times March 2 • Rupes Recta - 19:42 Alt=64° Rupes Recta - Straight Wall visible on the morning terminator Start times. Event visible up to 1/2 hour Data provided by CalSky Photo by gbgrimm Local STL times March 3 • Quincunx - 18:33 Alt=73° Quincunx - 5+1 dots north of Copernicus visible on the morning terminator Start times. Event visible up to 1/2 hour Data provided by CalSky Photo by Jirika Scheit Local STL times 2020 Meteor Showers • January 3 Quadrantids; ZHR=40 (FQ) • April 22 Lyrids; ZHR=20 (NM-1day) • May 5 Eta Aquarids; ZHR=60 (FM-3days) • July 28 Delta Aquarids; ZHR=20 (FQ) • Aug 12 Perseids; ZHR=60 (LQ+1day) • Oct 21 Orionids; ZHR=20 (FQ-2days) • Nov 17 Leonids; ZHR=20 (NM+3days) • Dec 14 Geminids; ZHR=120 (NM-1day) Yellow=Favorable Moon Conditions Perseid Meteor, Aug 11, 2016, Belle, MO Lunar Eclipses 2020 No Umbral Eclipses in 2020 Jul 4 – Penumbral Lunar Eclipse – Start: 10:07pm – End: 12:52am Nov 30 – Penumbral Lunar Eclipse – Start: 1:32am – End: 5:53am May 26, 2021 – Partial/Total Lunar Eclipse – Start: 4:42am – Max at Moonset: 5:42am – Totality Start: 6:11am Solar Eclipses 2020 None Next Eclipse Oct 14, 2023 – Partial/Annular Eclipse Planet Oppositions 2020 Venus • Venus GEE – Mar 24 (24.5 arc-sec) Mars • Venus IC – Jun 3 (58 arc-sec) • Venus GWE – Aug 12 (24.5 arc-sec) Jupiter • Mars – Oct 13 (dia=22.3 arc-sec) Saturn • Jupiter – Jul 14 (dia=47.6 arc-sec) Uranus • Saturn – Jul 20 (dia=18.5 arc-sec) • Uranus – Oct 31 (dia=3.7 arc-sec) Neptune Top to Bottom: • Neptune – Sep 11 (dia=2.32 arc-sec) Relative sizes of • Yellow=Favorable Conditions • SC= Superior Conjunction • QEW= Greatest Elongation West Images from Stellarium Venus 2020 • Venus GEE – Mar 24 (24.5 arc-sec) • Venus IC – Jun 3 (58 arc-sec) • Venus GWE – Aug 12 (24.5 arc-sec) • Image below shows the apparent size difference between largest and smallest dates Venus – Jan 3 Venus – Mar 25 Images from Stellarium Mars 2020 • Mars N Spring begins – Apr 8 (dust storms) • Mars reaches 10 arc-sec – Jun 11 • Mars brightens to mag = -1.0 – Jul 27 • Mars reaches perihelion – Aug 3 • Mars reaches 20 arc-sec – Sep 8 Mars – Jul 27 • Mars brightens to mag = -2.0 – Sep 8 • Mars opposition - Oct 13 (22.3”) • Mars dims to mag = -2.0 – Nov 5 • Mars dims to mag = -1.0 – Dec 5 • Mars shrinks to 10 arc-sec – Jan 4, 2021 • Yellow=Favorable Conditions • SC= Superior Conjunction Mars – Oct 13 Images from Stellarium Jupiter 2019 • Jupiter at opposition – Jul 14 (mag= -2.8) • Image below shows the apparent size difference between largest and smallest dates Jupiter – Feb 14 Jupiter – Jul 14 Images from Stellarium Saturn 2020 • Saturn Opposition – Jul 20 (18.4”) • Image below shows the apparent size difference between largest and smallest dates Saturn – Mar 3 Saturn – Jul 20 Uranus 2019 • Uranus opposition – Oct 31 (mag = +5.66) • Image below shows the apparent size difference between largest and smallest dates Uranus – Oct 28 Uranus – Jan 19 Images from Stellarium Neptune 2019 • Neptune opposition – Sep 11 (mag = +7.82) Neptune – Sep 11 Images from Stellarium Small Body Oppositions 2020 Aug 28 Dwarf Planet Ceres (1) at opposition, mag +7.7 Jul 12 Asteroid Pallas (2) at opposition, mag 9.6 Apr 2 Asteroid Juno (3) at opposition, mag 9.5 Asteroid Vesta (4) at opposition, mag +5.9 (Mar 4, 2021) Jan 21 Asteroid Astraea (5) at opposition, mag 9.0 Apr 4 Asteroid Hebe (6) at opposition, mag 10.1 Jun 27 Asteroid Iris (7) at opposition, mag 8.9 Nov 1 Asteroid Flora (8) at opposition, mag 8.0 Asteroid Metis (9) at opposition, mag 9.5 (Apr 4, 2021) Asteroid Hygiea (10) at opposition, mag 9.9 (Jan 28, 2021) Jul 15 Dwarf Planet Pluto (134340) at opposition, mag 14.3 Yellow=Favorable Conditions Moon Pluto 1000 km Relative sizes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Asteroid Occultation 10 Feb 2020 , 09:41 UT (191) Kolga, mag= 15.0 HIP 84880, mag=4.3, wide double star Duration- 10.76m 3.2s 100mi S of Sikeston, MO http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/2020_02/0210_191_64120.htm Asteroid Occultation 11 Feb 2020 , 21:57 UT (4) Vesta, mag =8.3 HIP 14439, mag=5.3 duration 3.03m Visible Georgia and Carolinas http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/2020_02/0211_4_64136.htm Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Jan 8 – Venus 1o from Deneb Algedi, Delta Cap, mag=2.9 • Feb 10 – Neptune 5’ from Phi Aqr, mag=4.2 • Mar 20 – Jupiter 1o from Mars • Mar 31 – Saturn 1o from Mars • Apr 3 - Venus 15’ from Alcyone, Eta Tau, mag=2.9 • May 4 – Mars 1o from Deneb Algedi, Delta Cap, mag=2.9 • May 22 – Venus 1o from Mercury • Jul 11 – Venus 1o from Aldebaran, Alpha Tau, mag=0.9 • Sep 22 – Mercury 16’ from Spica, mag=1.0 • Oct 2 – Venus 5’ from Regulus, Alpha Leo, mag=1.4 • Dec 17 – Jupiter and Saturn are 33’ apart, Moon is nearby • Dec 21 – Jupiter 10’ from Saturn • Yellow=Favorable Conditions Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Jan 8 – Venus 1o from Deneb Algedi, Delta Cap, mag=2.9 • Evening Sky • 5:40pm Images from Stellarium Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Feb 10 – Neptune 5’ from Phi Aqr, mag=4.2 • Evening Sky • 6:30pm Images from Stellarium Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Feb 17– Mars (1.3), Jupiter (−1.9) and Saturn (0.6), Moon and Antares – in order, highest to lowest parade across the predawn sky • Morning Sky • 6:00am Images from Stellarium Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Mar 18 – n the hour before dawn, catch brightening Mars (0.9), brilliant Jupiter (−2.1) and Saturn (0.7) low in the southeast. The two brightest “stars” above the crescent Moon are Jupiter and Mars. • Morning Sky • 6:22am Images from Stellarium Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Mar 18 – Jupiter, Mars and Moon • Morning Sky • 4:30am Images from Stellarium Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Mar 20 – Jupiter 1o from Mars • Morning Sky • 4:40am Images from Stellarium Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Mar 31 – Saturn 1o from Mars • Morning Sky • 4:45am Images from Stellarium Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Apr 3 - Venus 15’ from Alcyone (Pleiades), Eta Tau, mag=2.9 • Evening Sky • 10pm Images from Stellarium Planet Conjunctions 2020 • Apr 14 – Moon skirts a chain of planets – in order, by altitude, Jupiter (−2.2), Saturn and Mars (both 0.6).
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  • THE TERMINATOR Dreams of Another World

    THE TERMINATOR Dreams of Another World

    FUTURES SCIENCE FICTION THE TERMINATOR Dreams of another world. BY LAURENCE SUHNER After glancing at my instruments, I move distances, makes space opera possible. Trav- the mask of my respirator aside. Here, there’s elling from Nuwa to Pangu takes a week. o. Here I am. At the line between dark no risk. Marine fragrances float in the air. It’s A lilliputian system where worlds are like and light. At the very border that sepa- 15 °C. Humans perceive the infrared radia- neighbouring countries. rates the side facing the star from the tion of the TRAPPIST-1 star, an ultra- Behind TRAPPIST-1f, farther still, Sone that remains eternally shaded. It’s like cool dwarf studied almost 400 TRAPPIST-1g, now called Shen- being at the edge of the visible world, at the years ago by astronomers on nong, floats. Its atmosphere, end of the observable Universe, in that grey Earth, more as heat than as dense as that of Venus, zone, permanent twilight, where the shad- visible light. But I would but less toxic, hides the ows stretch, revealing the whimsical land- only have to venture a surface of the planet. scape. Yin and yang. few dozen kilometres But, on very rare JACEY BY ILLUSTRATION The noise of the engine fades. I need into the nightside occasions, the gales silence. for the temperature that race over the I step out on the foredeck of my ship–bathy­ to drop and liv- globe grow so vio- scaphe, precious package in my hands. The ing conditions to lent that they rip swell rocks me, the wind whips me with such deteriorate.