FINAL PROGRAM

50th Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society (American Conference of Radiological Safety)

July 10-14, 2005 Spokane Convention Center Spokane, Washington Table of Contents Important Events ...... 4 General Information ...... 6 Committee Meetings ...... 8 Scientific Program ...... 10 AAHP Courses ...... 36 Professional Enrichment Program ...... 38 Continuing Education Lecture Abstracts ...... 56 Exhibitor ...... 60 Works-in-Progress Abstracts ...... 67 Author Index ...... 71

Registration Hours Registration will take place at the Spokane Convention Center Lobby Saturday, July 9 ...... 2:00 - 5:00 pm Sunday, July 10 ...... 7:00 am - 7:00 pm Monday, July 11 ...... 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Tuesday, July 12 ...... 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Wednesday, July 13 ...... 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Thursday, July 14 ...... 8:00 - 10:00 am

1 Officers RAYMOND A. GUILMETTE, President Ruth E. McBurney, President Elect Edward F. Maher, Secretary Richard R. Brey, Secretary Elect Richard E. Toohey, Treasurer Kenneth R. Kase, Past President Richard J. Burk, Jr., Executive Secretary

Board of Directors Eric W. Abelquist Joseph L. Alvarez Richard R. Brey Raymond A. Guilmette John P. Hageman Eva E. Hickey P. Andrew Karam Kenneth R. Kase Karen S. Langley Edward F. Maher Ruth E. McBurney Kevin L. Nelson Kathryn H. Pryor Richard E. Toohey Robert C. Whitcomb, Jr.

Advisory Panel to the Board Terri L. Aldridge, Local Arrangements Committee Chair Elizabeth M. Brackett, Program Committee Chair Keith H. Dinger, President's Emeritus Committee Chair John Edwards, Special Publications Editor Kenneth L. Miller, Operational Radiation Safety Editor-in-Chief Carmine M. Plott, Rules Chair Genevieve S. Roessler, Newsletter Editor-in-Chief, Web Site Editor Michael T. Ryan, Journal Editor-in-Chief

2 2005 Program Committee Elizabeth M. Brackett, Chair Jeri Lynn Anderson Kathryn Brock Robert N. Cherry, Jr. Kenneth Krieger Christopher Martel Steven Reese Daniel J. Strom Glenn M. Sturchio Local Arrangements Committee Terri Aldridge, Chair Eva Hickey/Sally Lampson, CCHPS/agency coordinator Don Bihl, Secretary Gene Carbaugh, Treasurer James D. Jamison, Annual/Mid Yr Publicity (booth) and Packets Subcommittee Cindy Caldwell, Publicity & Local Information Susan H Pearce, Receptions Subcommittee Kathy Pryor, Intramural Subcommittee Pam Tranbarger, Technical Tours Tracy Ikenberry, Night Out Mickey Hunacek, Web Master Clyde Makinson, Affiliates Terri Aldridge, LAC Room Bobby Rittman, Revenue Subcommittee (CCHPS function at the mtg) Terri Aldridge, Facilities Liaison Dan Mantooth, Floor Manager Chair Ellen Messer-Wright, PEP Liaison Sharon Dossett, AAHP Liaison Bryan Oldfield, Hospitality Sub-committee Sharon Dossett, Social Tours Sub-committee Summer School David Waite, Academic Dean Nancy Kirner, Administrative Dean

3 Important Events! Welcome Reception Sessions The Welcome Reception will be held All Technical Sessions will be held at Sunday, July 10, from 5:30-6:30 pm at the Spokane Convention Center. the Spokane Convention Center. AAHP Awards Luncheon Exhibits Salon V, Doubletree Hotel Free Lunch! Free Lunch! Noon, Tuesday, July 12 Monday, July 11. All registered atten- 12:15 pm dees are invited to attend a complimen- tary lunch in the exhibit hall. HPS Awards Reception Tuesday Evening Reception Breaks Monday Afternoon-Wednesday Exhibit Hall Morning - Featuring morning Continental 6:30 - 7:30 pm Breakfasts and afternoon refreshments such as ice cream and cookies. Be sure HPS Awards Banquet to stop by and visit with the exhibitors Tuesday Evening Awards Banquet while enjoying your refreshments! Bays 1 & 2 at the Spokane Convention Center 7:30 - 10:00 pm

Different this Year! The Welcome Reception will be a celebration of the Health Physics Society’s 50 years. Please join us for refreshments including a 50th anniversary “cupcake” cake. Special Plenary Session on Wednesday, 8:30 - 10:00 am, featuring Pulitzer Prize-winning author Richard Rhodes Things to Remember! All sessions have computer projection as the format. No slide presentations. All posters up Monday - Wednesday in Exhibit Hall Poster Session featured Monday, 1:30 - 3:00 pm No other sessions at that time.

AAHP Awards Luncheon The AAHP is sponsoring an Awards Luncheon on Tuesday, July 12, at 12:15 pm, in Salon V, Doubletree Hotel. You may purchase tickets on site at the Registration Desk.

4 Tuesday Evening Awards Reception & Banquet Join your peers in honoring the following awardees while enjoying a delicious meal. Brief award presentations will immediately follow the dinner. All attendees are strongly encouraged to stay and show support for the award recipients. This event will take place in the Spokane Convention Center, Bays 1 and 2 on Tuesday, July 13 from 7:30 - 10:00 pm. The following awards are to be presented: Robley D. Evans Elda E. Anderson Award Commemorative Medal Lawrence T. Dauer John W. Poston, Sr. Founders Award Distinguished Scientific Charles B. Meinhold Achievement Award Outstanding Science Teacher Award Eric J. Hall Donna Armani Fellow Award Mary L. Birch Vern C. Rogers* Bruce B. Dicey Lawrence N. Rothenberg Robert A. Fjeld Michael T. Ryan Nolan E. Hertel Casper Sun David C. Kocher Chuan-Fu Wu John A. Leonowich Richard V. Osborne *Posthumous Roy A. Parker Menu Buffalo Mozzarella Salad with Sliced Roma Tomatoes topped with Basil and Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Balsamic Vinegar and Roasted Pine Nuts, Chicken Breast with Carmelized Onions and Salmon with Huckleberry Sauce (dual entree), Broccoli and Shredded Carrots, Confetti Rice, Huckleberry Tart, Coffee, Tea (iced or hot)

G. William Morgan Trust Fund When G. William Morgan died in Bill began his health physics career at Oak 1984, he bequeathed a substantial fund to Ridge National Laboratory as part of the the Health Physics Society. The will Manhattan Project. He later joined the requires that the fund's interest be used to Atomic Energy Commission and was instru- have internationally known experts present mental in the development of the initial reg- papers at the Society's meetings. Michael ulations that became part of 10 CFR Part C. O'Riordan of the United Kingdom's 20. He was a great champion of education National Radiation Protection Board was and helped establish the AEC Health the first international expert to be supported Physics Fellowship Program. Bill later by the Society through the Morgan Fund. became very successful in the real estate O'Riordan's presentation "Radon in Albion" business, but always retained his interest in was part of the Indoor Radon Session at the the health physics profession. The 1989 Albuquerque meeting. Society's Presidents Emeritus Committee G. William Morgan was a Charter has responsibility for the selection of the member of the Society and during the international experts who will be supported Society's early years a very active member. by the G. William Morgan Trust Fund. 5 Registration Hours Information Spokane Convention Center Speaker Instructions Saturday, July 9 ...... 2:00-5:00 pm You will be allotted a total of 12 min- Sunday, July 10 . . . .7:00 am-7:00 pm utes unless you have been notified oth- Monday, July 11 . . . .8:00 am-4:00 pm erwise. Tuesday, July 12 . . .8:00 am-4:00 pm The Ready Room (Big Bend Wednesday, July 13 .8:00 am-4:00 pm Room, Spokane Convention Center) Thursday, July 14 . . . .8:00 - 10:00 am will be open Sunday from 2-5 pm, Monday through Wednesday from 8-11 Registration Fees: am and 2-5 pm, and Thursday from Class Pre-Reg On-Site 7:30-8:30 am. You must check in at the HPS Member $340 $415 Ready Room no later than the following Non-Member** $410 $485 times: ™Student $ 60 $ 60 zCompanion $ 55 $ 55 Present Time Delivery Deadline Exhibition ONLY $ 25 $ 25 Monday am 2-5 pm Sunday Exhibitor (2/booth) No Fee No Fee Monday pm 8-11 am Monday Add’l Awards Dinner $ 60 $ 60 Tuesday am 2-5 pm Monday AAHPAwards New CHP Free Free Tuesday pm 8-11 am Tuesday AAHP Awards (CHP) $ 10 $ 10 Wednesday am 2-5 pm Tuesday AHHP Awards Guest $ 15 $ 15 Wednesday pm 8-11 am Wednesday „Member, 1 Day $225 $225 Thursday am 2-5 pm Wednesday „Non-Member 1 Day $225 $225 Please meet with your session „Student, 1 Day n/a $ 30 chairs in the meeting room where your  Includes Sunday Reception, paper will be presented 10 minutes Monday Lunch and Tuesday Awards before the beginning of the Session. Dinner Placement Service ™ Includes Sunday and Student Placement Service listings will be Receptions, Monday Lunch and posted in the Yakima A Room, with Tuesday Awards Dinner hours from 8:00 am-5:00 pm, Monday z Includes Sunday Reception, through Wednesday and Thursday Monday-Wednesday Continental from 8:00 am-Noon. Interviews may be Breakfast and afternoon snacks conducted in the designated areas of „ Includes Sessions and Exhibition the Placement Room. ONLY Business Meeting ** Includes Associate Membership for The HPS Annual Business year 2005. Meeting will be convened at 5:30 pm LAC Room on Wednesday, July 13, in the Saturday-Thursday . . . . .Room next to Conference Theatre, Spokane Bay 1, Spokane Convention Center Convention Center. Badge Color Code White=HPS Member, Nonmember, Student. Blue=Companion. Green=Exhibition Only. Salmon=Exhibitor.

6 Companion/Hospitality Room Activities and Tours The Hospitality Room is in the Note: Tickets still availabe for sale can Doubletree Hotel in the Shades Room be purchased at the HPS Registration on the lobby level. Come meet with Desk. friends and learn about the available Sunday, July 10 attractions in Spokane. Local HPS Historic Spokane 9 am-Noon members will be on hand to help with River Rafting 1:30-5:30 pm planning day trips and restaurant rec- Monday, July 11 ommendations. On Monday morning Historic Spokane 9 am-1:30 pm from 8 to 9 am, we invite all registered Medical Facilities 9:30 am-3 pm companions to an official welcome from Pub Crawl 7-10 pm a local representative who will provide an orientation to Spokane and answer Tuesday, July 12 any questions you might have. HPS Golf Tournament Cancelled Continental breakfast will be avail- 5K Walk/Fun Run 7-8 am able Monday through Wednesday Dawn Mining Co Tour 9 am-3 pm mornings for registered companions, as Spokane Winery Tour 1-4:30 pm will afternoon refreshments if atten- Recep Exhibit Hall 6:30-7:30 pm dance warrants. Awards Dinner 7:30-10 pm Wednesday, July 13 Cruise, Coeur d’Alene 11 am-5 pm Night Out 6:30-10:30 pm Thursday, July 14 Hanford Tour 7 am-6 pm Silver Valley/Wallace 9:30 am-4:30 pm

Hospitality Room for Registered Companions Monday Welcome/Orientation 8:00 - 9:00 am Salons I/II, DoubleTree Hotel Hours/Days Shades Conference Room Lobby Level, DoubleTree Hotel Sunday ...... 8 am - 3 pm Monday ...... 9 am - 3 pm Tuesday ...... 8 am - 3 pm Wednesday ...... 8 am - 3 pm

7 Health Physics Society Committee Meetings CC = Convention Center DT = DoubleTree Hotel AAHP CONTINUING EDUCATION Friday, July 8, 2005 COMMITTEE ABHP BOARD MEETING 1:00 - 2:00 pm Suite D (DT) 9:00 am - 5:00 pm Suite C/D (DT) ABET EVALUATORS 1:00 - 5:00 pm Boardroom (DT) Saturday, July 9, 2005 HISTORY COMMITTEE 3:00 - 5:00 pm Executive Conf (CC) FINANCE COMMITTEE 8:00 am - Noon Evergreen (DT) Tuesday, July 12, 2005 ABHP BOARD MEETING 9:00 am - Noon Suite C/D (DT) ABET EVALUATORS 8:00 am - Noon Boardroom (DT) CONTINUING EDUCATION COMMITTEE Noon - 5:00 pm Boardroom (DT) HP PROGRAM DIRECTORS ORGANIZATION AAHP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Noon - 2:00 pm Salon I (DT) 1:00 - 5:00 pm Suite C/D (DT) SCIENCE TEACHER WORKSHOP HPS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE COMM. 1:00 - 5:00 pm President’s Suite (DT) Noon - 2:00 pm Okanogan C (CC) HPS JOURNAL EDITORS MEETING NOMINATING COMMITTEE 3:00 - 6:00 pm Suite B (DT) Noon - 3:00 pm Palouse (CC) Sunday, July 10, 2005 LEGISLATION AND REGULATION COMMITTEE HPS BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1:00 - 3:00 pm Salon II (DT) 8:00 am - 5:00 pm Salon IV (DT) SCIENTIFIC AND PUBLIC ISSUES VENUES COMMITTEE COMMITTEE 8:30 am - 4:30 pm Salon III (DT) 3:45 - 5:00 pm President’s Suite (DT) AAHP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AAHP PROF DEVELOPMENT 9:00 am - Noon Suite C/D (DT) COMMITTEE 4:00 - 5:00 pm Okanogan C (CC) PROGRAM COMMITTEE 11:00 am - 2:00 pm Big Bend Rm (CC) AWARDS COMMITTEE 5:00 - 5:30 pm President’s Suite (DT) Monday, July 11, 2005 Wednesday, July 13, 2005 MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Noon - 2:00 pm Exec Conference (CC) COMMITTEE SYMPOSIA COMMITTEE 9:00 am - Noon Palouse (CC) 12:30 - 4:30 pm Palouse Room (CC) AEC ACCREDITATION SUBCOMMITTEE CHAPTER COUNCIL MEETING 10:00 am - Noon Exec Conference (CC) 1:00 - 2:00 pm Bay 1 (CC)

8 PUBLIC EDUCATION COMMITTEE 10:30 am - Noon Boardroom (DT) LABORATORY ACCREDITATION POLICY 10:00 am - Noon Okanogan C (CC) LABORATORY ACCREDITATION ASSESSMENT Noon - 2:00 pm Okanogan C (CC) SUMMER SCHOOL COMMITTEE Noon - 2:00 pm Suite A (DT) STUDENT BRANCHES 1:00 - 2:00 pm Salon I (DT) ACADEMIC EDUCATION COMMITTEE 2:00 - 4:00 pm Salon II (DT) Thursday, July 14, 2005

LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE 7:30 - 9:30 am Palouse (CC) HPSSC MEETING 8:00 am - Noon Salon I (DT) PROGRAM COMMITTEE Noon - 2:30 pm Suite B (DT) HPS BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1:00 - 5:00 pm Salon II/III (DT)

9 50th Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society Spokane, WA, July 10-14, 2005 - Final Scientific Program Presenter’s name is underlined if other than first author. Monday Noon-1:30PM Exhibit Hall 7:00 - 8:00 AM Bay 3 CEL-1 Status of the Use of Internal Lunch in Exhibit Hall for all Emitters in Medical Therapy Registrants and Opening of Exhibits M. Stabin, Vanderbilt University 1:30-3:00 pm Exhibit Hall 7:00 - 8:00 AM Bay 4 CEL-2 Energy Windowing Algorithms 1:30-3:00 pm Exhibit Hall for Border Security Applications J. Ely; Pacific Northwest National P: Poster Session Laboratory DECOMMISSIONING 8:15 am-Noon Bay 1/2/3 P.1 Radionuclide Biological Remedia- tion Resource Guide PL1: Plenary Session 1 L.W. Jensen, V.M. Ibeanusi, D.A. Grab; Chair: Raymond Guilmette US Environmental Protection Agency, 8:15 AM Spelman College, University of Welcome to Spokane. Raymond California, Berkeley Guilmette; President, Health Physics P.2 A GPS-Based System for Radium Society; and Deputy Mayor, Jack Lynch Contamination Gamma Scanning 8:30 AM PL.1 R. Meyer, C. Little, M. Shields, S. Green, Future Nuclear Energy Systems: J. Johnson, M. Vidyasagar; MFG Inc. Generation IV EMERGENCY PLANNING/RESPONSE Kevan Weaver; Idaho National Labor- P.3 An American Health Physicist in atory Iraq 9:30 AM BREAK B.L. Baumann; Fluor Federal Services 10:00 AM PL.2 P.4 Ontario Nuclear Emergency Field Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation: The Sampling Exercise Relationship Between Damage Induction A.G. Scott; Ontario Ministry of Labour and Biological Benefit Contradicts Validity P.5 US Nuclear Regulatory Commis- of the LNT-Hypothesis sion Emergency Preparedness and Ludwig Feinendegen; Heinrich-Heine- Emergency Response University Düsseldorf, Germany, Brook- K.M. Brock, A.C. McMurtray; US Nuclear haven National Laboratory (G. William Regulatory Commission Morgan Lecture) P.6 Implications of Coming Changes in 11:00 AM PL.3 the RASCAL Atmospheric Dispersion Early Radiation Effects in Laboratory Algorithms Animals - Vital Resources for Homeland J.V. Ramsdell, Jr, G.F. Athey, S.A. Preparedness McGuire; Pacific Northwest National Bruce Boecker; Lovelace Respiratory Laboratory, Athey Consulting, US Resarch Institute (Robert S. Landauer, Nuclear Regulatory Commission Sr. Lecture)

10 Monday P.13 Adaptation of the Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) ENVIRONMENTAL Methodology to Environmental Restora- P.7 Radiological Studies in the Hot tion Spring Region of Mahallat, Central Iran G.V. Last, B.A. Napier; Pacific Northwest M. Beitollahi, M. Ghiassi-Nejad, A. National Laboratory Esmaeli, R. Dunker; Idaho State University, Tarbiat Modaress University, P.14 Characterization of Surface Soils Iran, EMC Laboratory, Harbin Institute of at a Former Uranium Mill Technology, China J.A. Johnson, H.R. Meyer, M. Vidya- sagar, C.A. Little; MFG, Inc. P.8 Human Health Impact Evaluation Methods for a Multiple Source Analysis EXTERNAL DOSIMETRY using the Multimedia Pollutant Assess- P.15 Quality Assurance and Quality ment System (MEPAS) Control Studies on TLD Based Dosimetry D.L. Strenge, M.A. Pelton; Pacific Services by the University Radiation Northwest National Laboratory Safety Committee of King Abdulaziz University P.9 Tritium Concentrations in Vege- W.H. Abulfaraj, S.I. Bhuiyan, T.M. tation as a Function of Distance from a Ahmed, E. Elmohr; King Abdulaziz Low-Level Radioactive Waste Site at Los University Alamos National Laboratory P.R. Fresquez, L.M. Vasquez-Tator, E.A. P.16 A System Utilizing Monte Carlo Lopez; Los Alamos National Laboratory Calculation Method for Precise Assessment of Dose Distribution in P.10 Environmental Monitoring of Ex- Human Body in Radiation Accidents ternal Radiation Levels at Brookhaven F. Takahashi, A. Endo, Y. Yamaguchi; National Laboratory The Japan Atomic Energy Research S. Sengupta, G.R. Holeman, B. Hooda, Institute (JAERI) R.N. Recieniello, H.F. Kahnhauser; Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.17 Measurements of Field Size and Holeman Consultants, Inc. Angular Dependence of Absorbed Dose Rate in Beta Particle Reference P.11 Inhalation Exposure from Tritium Radiation Fields with TLDs and for Intrusion Scenarios at Low Level Radiochromic Film Waste Disposal Sites C.G. Soares, F. Ingellis, R. Ward, V. P.D. Rittmann; Fluor Government Group, Pagonis; National Institute of Standards Inc. and Technology, McDaniel College P.12 Enhanced Capabilities of RES- P.18 An Affordable Optically Stimulated RAD-BIOTA: A Computer Program Luminescent Dosimeter Reader Providing a Graded Approach for W.G. West, K.J. Kearfott, A.F. Kalchik; Assessing Radiological Impact to The University of Michigan Nonhuman Biota S.L. Domotor, K.A. Higley, C. Yu, D. P.19 Temporal Sensitivity Changes and LePoire, T. Klett, S. Kamboj; US Signal Fading of LiF: Tl, Mg Under Department of Energy, Oregon State Controlled Environmental Conditions University, Argonne National Laboratory M.L. Rodrigues, S.-H. Hsu, K.J. Kearfott, J.E. Schlicht, M.T. Sami, T.A. Lebeis; University of Michigan

11 Monday P.26 Evaluation of Health Physics Instruments Model 2080 Pulse Neutron P.20 The Effect of the Time-Tempera- Survey Meter, Model 6030 Ion Chamber, ture Heating Profile Design on the and Model 1030 Pulse Survey Meter in a Precision and Accuracy of Thermolumi- Linear Accelerator Produced Neutron nescent (TL) Glow Curve Peak Areas for Field LiF: Mg, Ti E. Anderson, K. Claver, B. Schrader, R.R. M.L. Rodrigues, K.J. Kearfott, S.-H. Hsu, Brey; Idaho State University J.E. Schlicht, L.W. Parker, L.R. Baum- garten; University of Michigan P.27 Are There Large Variations in Low- Energy Response Between Your Bicron P.21 Experimental Verification of a Micro-Rem Survey Meters? Method for Obtaining Temporal Dose M.K. Murphy, G.L. Carter, A.A. Kriss, P.J. Information from Thermoluminescent Smith, R.K. Berg; Battelle-Pacific Dosimeters (TLDs) Using a Simple Northwest National Laboratory Collimator with a Mechanical Rotating Mechanism P.28 Practical Software for Automatic R.B. Gunnett, K.J. Kearfott, J.E. Schlicht; Uncertainty Propagation University of Michigan K.D. McCroan, C.V. Gogolak; US Environmental Protection Agency Na- P.22 Los Alamos National Laboratory tional Air and Radiation Environmental Neutron Reference Field Characteriza- Laboratory, DHS Environmental Mea- tion Studies surements Laboratory M.S. Gadd, T.D. McLean, D.T. Sea- graves, R.H. Olsher, M.W. Mallett; Los INTERNAL DOSIMETRY AND Alamos National Laboratory BIOASSAY P.29 In Vitro Dissolution Rates of INSTRUMENTATION Radionuclides in Aerosol Particles from P.23 A New Laboratory Course in the Florida Phosphate Industry Applied Radiological Measurements K.P. Kim, W.E. Bolch, C.Y. Wu, B.K. K.J. Kearfott, J.A. Harvey, S.C. Dewey, Birky; University of Florida, Florida M.L. Rodrigues, R.B. Gunnett, A.L. Institute of Phosphate Research Lehnert; University of Michigan P.30 Statistical Analysis of Dose P.24 Improving the Numerical Stability Assignments Resulting from Plutonium of an In-Situ Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Bioassays for the Mayak Cohort Method using Multiple Measurements for M.P. Krahenbuhl, J.D. Bess, J.L. Wilde, the Determination of Activity Concentra- V.V. Vostrotin, K.G. Suslova, V.F. tion as a Function of Depth Khokhryakov; University of Utah, S.C. Dewey, K.J. Kearfott; University of Southern Urals Biophysics Institute Michigan P.31 Investigation of Indirect Radiation P.25 Developing a New Default Effects in the Model Archaeon Halobac- Characterization Method for In Situ terium sp. NRC-1 Gamma-Ray Spectrometry P.C. Retka, J.R. Smith, L.C. DeVeaux; L. Tkavadze, R. Dunker, R.R. Brey, T.F. Idaho State University, University of Gesell; Idaho State University Maryland

12 Monday P.39 Integrated Radiological Laboratory Inspection Process P.32 Investigating Radiation By-stander C.W. Smock, T.W. LaVake, J.T. Effects in the Single-Celled Organism S. Kwiatkowski; Johnson & Johnson pombe N. Chelidze, L.C. DeVeaux, D.P. Wells; P.40 Computerized System for Control Idaho State University and Management of Radioactive Materials: Web Based Applications in MEDICAL HEALTH PHYSICS Radiation Safety P.33 Streamlining Nuclear Medicine L. Zhang, D. Bandyopadhyay, S. Hoory; Department Contamination Response Mount Sinai Medical Center G.M. Sturchio, T.B. Valley; Mayo Clinic in Rochester P.41 How One Chapter Offers a Successful Health Physics Review OPERATIONAL HEALTH PHYSICS Course P.34 Introduction of an Electronic Van P.S. Stansbury, D.J. Strom; Pacific Module for Use in MCNP Northwest National Laboratory R.J. McConn Jr, E.R. Siciliano, J.E. Schweppe; Pacific Northwest National P.42 A 10-Year Prospectus of Radiation Laboratory Safety Program Operations at the University of Texas Southwestern P.35 Computer Codes for Exact Medical Center at Dallas Decision Levels and Errors of the First S. Revell, A. Tull, J.C. White, J.A. Lopez; Kind When the Blank Count Time Is an UTSWMC Integer in [1, 20] Times Greater than the Sample Count Time RADON W.E. Potter; Consultant P.43 Possible Underlying Physics behind Pain Relief Received in Radon P.36 Rapid Method of Gross Alpha/Beta Health Spas Analysis Using Liquid Scintillation G.I. Lykken, B. Momcilovic, T.W. Ward; Counter for Radiological Screening and University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, Contamination Control Survey Institute of Medical Research & Y.D. Pan, R.M. Davis; Perma-Fix Occupational Health, Croatia, Environmental Services, Inc. Techsource Inc. P.37 A Radiation Safety Computer P.44 Laboratory Scale Investigation of System Some Factors Affecting Radon-222 Air C.B. Smith, R.H. Johnson; Radiation Concentrations Safety Academy, Radiation Safety A.M. Mamoon; Egyptian Atomic Energy Academy Authority P.38 Neutron Measurements for P.45 Environmental Factors Influencing Thermoluminescence Dosimeter and Temporal Indoor Radon Concentration Electronic Personal Dosimeter Algor- M.S. Jawad, D.K. Worthy, L.R. ithms at Primary Shield Penetration of Baumgarten, J.A. Moore, K.J. Kearfott; Unit 1 Pressure Water Reactor at South University of Michigan Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company P.46 A Simple Radon Chamber for R.A. Aguilera, W.T. Bullard, L.M. Earls, Educational Usage J.A. Myers, L. Stoicescu, G.E. Williams; J.A. Moore, A.L. Lehnert, S.-H. Hsu, K.J. South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Kearfott; University of Michigan Company

13 Monday C. Horan, J. St. Germain; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center REGULATORY/LEGAL ISSUES P.47 The Regulatory Control System of P.56 Evaluating a Radiation Safety Sealed Sources in Taiwan Training Intervention For Registered H.-L. Yin, J.-Y. Huang, J. Lee; Atomic Nurses in Oncology Energy Council, Taiwan L.T. Dauer, J. Kelvin, C. Horan, M. Williamson, J. St. Germain; Memorial P.48 New Radiation Warning Sign Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center C.J. MacKenzie; International Atomic Energy Agency P.57 The Atomic Bomb Fragment: An Experience in Explaining Nuclear MISCELLANEOUS Science to the Popular Media P.49 Cincinnati Radiation Society: D.W. Jokisch; Francis Marion University “Atoms For Peace” to “Homeland Security.” Fostering Knowledge of P.58 Neutron Coincidence Counting for Radiation in Cincinnati Since 1952 Rapid Detection and Determination of H. Spitz; University of Cincinnati Recovered, Undetonated Weapons and RDDs P.50 Radiation Measurement Stan- D.L. Haggard, J.E. Tanner, J.M. Tingey, dards Needs A.V. Mozhayev; Pacific Northwest A.J. Berejka, K.L. Swinth, C.V. Gogolak, Laboratory K.G.W. Inn, R.C. Yoder; Ionicorp, Swinth Associates, Environmental Measure- 3:00-5:00 pm Bay 1 ments Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Landauer, MPM-A: Internal Dosimetry, Inc. Bioassay, Biokinetics, and Risk WORKS-IN-PROGRESS Co-Chairs: Patricia Lee and Pam Tranbarger P.51 Inter-Comparison of Liquid Scintillation Fluor from Different Vendors 3:00 PM MPM-A.1 D.A. Barnes, R. Metcalf, I.B. Trujillo; Los A Skeletal Reference Dosimetry Model Alamos National Laboratory for the Adult Female K.N. Kielar, D.J. Hasenauer, A.A. Shah, P.52 Assessing the Benefit of W.E. Bolch; University of Florida Radiological Source Remediation Efforts in terms of Groundwater Plume 3:15 PM MPM-A.2 Attenuation Monte Carlo Simulations of Photon R.W. Falta; Clemson University Emissions from the Lungs of NORMAN Voxel Phantom Help to Certify P.53 Co-60 Source Recycling at the Calibration Phantom Lungs International Isotopes Inc. Facility R.J. Traub, J.C. McDonald, T.P. Lynch; J.J. Miller; International Isotopes Inc. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.54 Sensitivity Analysis of Uranium 3:30 PM MPM-A.3 Speciation Modeling in Several Aquifers Technical Justification for Using the of Interest Presence of Cs-137 Identified in Whole A.L. Scott, T.A. DeVol, R.A. Fjeld; US Body Counts as a Flag for Undertaking In Army, Clemson University Vitro Analysis of Sr-90/Y-90 at the INL P.55 Evaluating Radiation Safety S. McCord, B. Anderson, P. Ruhter, R.R. Instructions To Patients Following Brey; Idaho State University, Idaho Prostate Brachytherapy National Laboratory M. Williamson, L.T. Dauer, M. Zelefsky, 14 Monday 3:00-5:00 pm Bay 2 3:45 PM MPM-A.4 MPM-B: Consequence Review of Two Recent Transuranic Intake Events at the Oak Ridge National Management of RDD Incidents Laboratory Co-Chairs: Stephen Domotor and D.A. McLaughlin; Oak Ridge National Brooke Buddemeier Laboratory 3:00 PM MPM-B.2 4:00 PM MPM-A.5 Operational Guidelines and Their Uptake and Retention of Tritiated Pump Application within a Framework for Oil in Rats Following Intratracheal Consequence Management of a Radio- Instillation logical Dispersal Device Incident S.M. Carlisle, P.A. Burchart; AECL, W.C. Conklin, S.L. Domotor, A. Wallo; Canada, AECL US Department of Homeland Security, US Department of Energy 4:15 PM MPM-A.6 Radium-226 and the Thyroid Gland: 3:30 PM MPM-B.1 Maybe We Know Less than We Thought Early-Phase Emergency-Worker-Pro- S.L. Simon, S.A. Ibrahim, L. tection Stay Time Tables for Responders VanMiddlesworth, R.E. Filipy, A. Bouville; with a Variety of Health Physics National Institutes of Health, Colorado Information and Personal Protective State University, University of Tennessee Equipment School of Medicine, US Transuranium P.D. Bailey, C. Yu, S. Kamboj, J.-J. and Uranium Registries, Washington Cheng; US Department of Homeland State University Security, Environmental Measurements Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory 4:30 PM MPM-A.7 Predicting Human Cancer Risk for 3:45 PM MPM-B.3 Internally Deposited Ra-226 Modeling of RDD Scenarios and O.G. Raabe; University of California, Derivation of Operational Guidelines for Davis RDD Consequence Management C. Yu, J. Cheng, S. Kamboj, A. Miron, D. 4:45 PM MPM-A.8 LePoire, B. Biwer, C.R. Yuen, T. Klett, Carcinogenic Risks Associated with S.Y. Chen, S. Domotor, A. Wallo III; Ingesting Naturally Occurring Radio- Argonne National Laboratory, nuclides in Drinking Water, including the Department of Energy Contribution to Overall Risk from Radon- 222 4:15 PM MPM-B.4 D.A. Falta, T.A. DeVol, R.A. Fjeld; Homeland Security - What Steps Are Clemson University Being Taken by States to Prepare for a Radiological Terrorist Incident? D. McBaugh; Washington State Department of Health and CRCPD

15 Monday 3:45 PM MPM-C.4 A Method for Comparing and Combining 4:30 PM MPM-B.5 Distance Dependent Calculated and Operational Guidelines for Food Measured Values of the DS02 Dosimetry Products Potentially Contaminated from System for Japanese Atomic Bomb a Radiological Dispersal Device Incident Survivors M.A. Noska, W.C. Cunningham, C. Yu, H.M. Cullings, D.L. Preston, M. Hoshi, S. J.-J. Cheng, S. Kamboj, S. Domotor, A. Fujita; Radiation Effects Research Wallo III; US Food and Drug Foundation, Hirosoft International Corp., Administration, US Department of Hiroshima University Energy, Argonne National Laboratory 4:00 PM MPM-C.5 4:45 PM MPM-B.6 Recent Results of Passive Dosimetry RDD Emergency Response Decision Measurements on the International Support Space Station T.P. Taylor, B.A. Simpson, D.E. Dale; Los E. Semones, M. Weyland, T. Shelfer, A. Alamos National Laboratory Johnson, E. Zapp; Lockheed Martin, 3:00-5:00 pm Bay 3 NASA 4:15 PM MPM-C.6 MPM-C: External Dosimetry I Assessment of Hand Exposures from Co-Chairs: Chris Martel and Tracy Nuclear Pharmacy Operations Using Ikenberry Multi-Element OSL Dosimeter Gloves 3:00 PM MPM-C.1 D.J. Krueger, J.L. Coffey, W. Regits, C.T. DOE Mayak Worker Study Occupational Walters, J. Gray; PETNET Pharmaceuti- Dose Characteristics cals, Inc., Cardinal Health, Inc., I. Teplyakov, M.V. Gorelov, E.K. Landauer, Inc. Vasilenko, O. Alexandrova, J.J. Fix, R.I. 4:30 PM MPM-C.7 Scherpelz; Mayak Production Assoc- Assessing and Evaluating the Self- iation, University of Ekaterinberg, Pacific Indicating Instant Radiation Alert Northwest National Laboratory Dosimeter (SIRAD) 3:15 PM MPM-C.2 A.K. Bak, H.M. Stewart, K.A. Higley; Calculation of Organ Doses from Oregon State University External Radiation for Mayak Worker 4:45 PM MPM-C.8 Dose Reconstruction Results of Recent Phantom Backscatter R.I. Scherpelz, D.O. Choe, M. Smetanin, Studies R.J. Traub, K.F. Eckerman, E. Vasilenko; S.O. Schwahn; US Department of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy University of Utah, Mayak Production Association, Oak Ridge National 3:00-4:45 pm Bay 4 Laboratory MPM-D: Instrumentation 3:30 PM MPM-C.3 Co-Chairs: Mark Hoover and Matt The Response of Personnel Dosimeters McFee Worn by Workers at Mayak Production Association Facilities 3:00 PM MPM-D.1 M. Smetanin, V. Knyasev, R.I. Scherpelz, Derivation of Beta/Alpha Ratios for E. Vasilenko, J.J. Fix, M. Gorelov; Mayak Predicting Radon/Thoron Progeny Production Association, Pacific North- Interference with Radiation Monitors west National Laboratory L.A. Rathbun; Fluor Hanford, Inc. 16 Monday 3:00-5:00 pm Conference Theater 3:15 PM MPM-D.2 Experimental Investigation of the Use of MPM-E: Science Teacher Solid State Detectors in Radiation Portal Workshop Monitors Chair: Kenneth Krieger R.M. Garcia, F. Stong, R. Graff; Tetra How to Hold a Science Teacher Tech EC, Inc., SCM Consultants, Inc. Workshop 3:30 PM MPM-D.3 STC HPS; South Texas Chapter Investigation of the Response Char- acteristics of a Portable Portal Monitor M. Balzer, R.R. Brey, A. Hunt, T.F. Gesell; Idaho State University 3:45 PM MPM-D.4 High Speed LASER Spectroscopy to Study Radiolytic Byproducts Soon After Generation R. Ngazimbi, B. Mincher, R. Rodriguez, B.J. Phillips, R.V. Fox, R.R. Brey; Idaho State University 4:00 PM MPM-D.5 Phenomenon Involving the Change in Neutron Survey Meter Efficiency Versus Accumulated Dose R.K. Piper, M.K. Murphy, A.K. Thompson; Battelle-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, NIST 4:15 PM MPM-D.6 Airborne 210Pb Particle Size Measure- ments During and After the WTC Collapse N.H Harley, P. Chittaporn, A. Kong, I.M. Fisenne; New York University School of Medicine, USDHS, Environmental Measurements Laboratory 4:30 PM MPM-D.8 A Senior Design Project to Combine Computer Aided Design (CAD) and the MCNP Code M. Furler, J. Leone, S. May, P. Caracappa, X.G. Xu; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institut

17 Tuesday 12:15 pm Salon V DoubleTree Hotel 7:00 - 8:00 AM Bay 3 CEL-3 Quehanna Facility D&D Project AAHP Luncheon – “the Rest of the Story” D.J. Allard, CHP; Bureau of Radiation 8:15-11:45 am Bay 2 Protection TAM-B: Accelerator Section 7:00 - 8:00 AM Bay 4 CEL-4 Top Ten Reasons Why Health Session Physicists Might Fail As Expert Co-Chairs: Sayed Rokni and Lorraine Witnesses - A CEL Primer for Expert Day Witnesses and Potential Expert 8:15 AM TAM-B.1 Witnesses Accelerator Shielding Design: From R. Johnson, Schmeltzer, Aptaker & Protons to Electrons, from America to Shepard, P.C. Europe and Back 8:30 am-Noon Bay 1 A. Fasso; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (G. William Morgan Lecture) TAM-A: AAHP Session: BEIR 9:00 AM TAM-B.2 VII and Radiation Risk Updating the Department of Energy Co-Chairs: Thomas Buhl and Evan Accelerator Safety Order and Guide Douple D.R. Nelson, D.C. Parzyck; US Department of Enerty, Fermilab Site 8:30 AM Office Welcome and Opening Remarks T. Buhl 9:15 AM TAM-B.3 Comparison of Shielding Design and 8:45 AM TAM-A.1 Operational Radiation Safety Issues for Contributions to Radiation Risk Synchrotron Radiation Facilities Assessment by the Committee on J.C. Liu, S.H. Rokni, Y. Asano, W.R. Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Casey, R.J. Donahue, P.K. Job; Stanford (BEIR VII) Linear Accelerator Center, Synchrotron E.B. Douple, R. Jostes; The National Radiation Research Center, Japan, Academies Brookhaven National Laboratory, 9:30 AM BREAK Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 10:00 AM TAM-A.2 Argonne National Laboratory Biology and Genetics in the Biological 9:30 AM TAM-B.4 Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR VII) Shielding Cask for a 252Cf Ion Source Report S.I. Baker, E.F. Moore, R.C. Pardo, G. J.E. Cleaver; University of California, San Savard; Argonne National Laboratory Francisco 9:45 AM TAM-B.5 11:00 AM TAM-A.3 Numi Work-Cell Shielding Design The Biological Effects of Ionizing K.V. Vaziri; Fermi National Accelerator Radiation (BEIR VII) Report’s Models for Laboratory Estimating Cancer Risks E.S. Gilbert; National Cancer Institute (G. William Morgan Lecture)

18 Tuesday 8:15-11:45 am Bay 3 10:00 AM TAM-B.6 High Energy Neutron Spectral Unfolding TAM-C: Government Section Using Activation Foils Session L.S. Walker, R.H. Olsher, J. Oostens, M. Co-Chairs: John Leonowich and Tom James; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bell Campbellsville University, Kentucky 8:15 AM TAM-C.1 10:15 AM BREAK The Birth and Control of X-Ray Products 10:45 AM TAM-B.7 S.L.B. Kent, M.A. Odlaug; Food and Angular Distribution of X-Ray Differential Drug Administration, Washington Flux, Ambient and Effective Dose Department of Health Intensity from 1 to 20 Mev Electron 8:45 AM TAM-C.2 Accelerators Genesis of Radiation Control Legislation M.S. Singh, K.L. Shingleton; Lawrence for Electronic Products Livermore National Laboratory F.J. Bradley; Health Physics Consultant, 11:00 AM TAM-B.8 NY A Safety Analysis of a Reconfigurable 9:15 AM TAM-C.3 Linac Target FDA’s Pioneering Role in Laser Safety P.F. Caracappa, R.C. Block; Rensselaer Regulations Polytechnic Institute S.L.B. Kent, J.E. Dennis; Food and Drug 11:15 AM TAM-B.9 Administration Cabinet-Safe Challenges for Portable 9:45 AM BREAK Accelerator Operation 10:15 AM TAM-C.4 J.K. Billa, D.P. Wells, J.F. Harmon; Idaho Z136.1 Laser Standard Update State University J.A. Leonowich; Pacific Northwest 11:30 AM TAM-B.10 National Laboratory Radiation Dosimeter System for a 20 10:45 AM TAM-C.5 MeV Pulsed Linear Accelerator Beam at The History of State and Federal High Dose Rates for Radiobiological Nonionizing Radiation Control Programs Applications S.L.B. Kent, P. O’Kelley; Food and Drug M.A. Mestari, J. Case, T. Webb, L.C. Adminstration, South Carolina Bureau of DeVeaux, D.P. Wells; Idaho State Radiological Health Department of University Health & Env. Control 11:45 AM Accelerator Section 11:15 AM TAM-C.6 Business Meeting Update on Radio Frequency Radiation; Standards and Homeland Security J.A. Leonowich; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 11:45 AM Government Section Business Meeting

19 Tuesday 9:45 AM TAM-D1.7 Comparison of Measured and Modeled 8:15-10:00 am Bay 4 Radionuclide Air Concentrations in the Environment Following Emissions from TAM-D1: NESHAPS Special the Hanford Site Session K. Rhoads, B.G. Fritz, L.H. Staven, L.P. Co-Chairs: Matthew Barnett and Diediker, D.L. Dyekman; Pacific Theresa Aldridge Northwest National Laboratory, Duratek 8:15 AM TAM-D1.1 Federal Services Hanford, Fluor Hanford, CAP88-PC Version 3 Update Inc. B. Shroff, R. Wood, D. Williams; US 10:00 AM BREAK Environmental Protection Agency, Trinity 10:30-11:45 am Bay 4 Engineering Associates 8:30 AM TAM-D1.2 TAM-D2: Environmental LANL’s Approach to Meeting Rad- Co-Chairs: Theresa Aldridge and NESHAP External Audit Requirements Matthew Barnett D.P. Fuehne, E.J. Hamilton; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Meteorology & Air 10:30 AM TAM-D2.1 Quality Group, Hamilton Quality How to Chew Gum (Using the ISO Guide Consulting to Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) 8:45 AM TAM-D1.3 C.V. Gogolak, K.D. McCroan; DHS Co-Locating Air Sampling Probes and Environmental Measurements Labor- Flow Sensors atory, US Environmental Protection J. Glissmeyer; Battelle Pacific Northwest Agency National Air and Radiation Laboratory Environmental Laboratory 9:00 AM TAM-D1.4 10:45 AM TAM-D2.2 ANSI 1999 Compliance Testing at ORNL Collective Dose to Minority and Low- L.L. Smith, J.L. Alvarez; Rad NESHAP Income Populations from Radionuclide Program Manager, Oak Ridge National Air Emissions at the Hanford Site Laboratory, Contractor, Auxier & E.J. Antonio, K. Rhoads; Pacific Associates, Inc. Northwest National Laboratory 9:15 AM TAM-D1.5 11:00 AM TAM-D2.4 Computational Modeling of a Stack Land Area Surveys Using High Sampling Location for Radioactive Air Resolution Scintillator (NaI) Detector Emissions Arrays J.M. Barnett, M.Y. Ballinger, K.P. C. Stephan, J. Gonsky, E. Eloskof, M. Recknagle, S.T. Yokuda; Pacific Wendling, C. Domingo, T. Macchiarella; Northwest National Laboratory Tetra Tech FW, Inc., Eberline Service, 9:30 AM TAM-D1.6 Base Realignment and Closure, Program Determination of Background Management Office, West Radioactivity at the WIPP and 11:15 AM TAM-D2.5 Comparison with Operational Data Characterizing Uranium in Environmental H.C. Chiou, C.C. Jierree; Washington Media Using a Combination of TRU Solutions L.L.C. Radiochemistry and Metals Analysis (ICP/MS) Methods H.T. Downey; MACTEC 20 Tuesday 10:45 AM TAM-E.7. Value of HPS Accreditation to Providers 11:30 AM TAM-D2.6 and Users of NIST-Traceable Radio- An Overview of a Public Hearing Process activity Sources Conducted in New Mexico Regarding the D.M. Montgomery; Analytics, Inc. Fate of a Former Landfill at Sandia National Laboratories 11:00 AM TAM-E.8 M.L. Miller, R.E. Fate, J.L. Peace, M.D. The Value of NACLA Recognition to HPS Nagy, T.L. Goering; Sandia National and Other Accrediting Bodies Laboratories, Shaw Environmental, Inc., J.O. O’Neil; National Cooperation for GRAM, Inc. Laboratory Accreditation (NACLA) 8:30-11:30 am Conference Theater 2:30-5:00 pm Bay 1 TAM-E: Laboratory TPM-A: AAHP Session: BEIR Accreditation VII and Radiation Risk Co-Chairs: Sam Keith and Chuan Fu Co-Chairs: Tom Buhl and Evan Douple Wu 2:30 PM TPM-A.1 8:30 AM TAM-E.1 Estimating Risks of Environmental The HPS Laboratory Accreditation Radionuclides Using GENII Version 2 Program B.A. Napier; Pacific Northwest National L.S. Keith, C.-F. Wu; CDC, US Laboratory Department of Energy 3:00 PM TPM-A.2 8:45 AM TAM-E.2 Health Effects of Alpha Emitters The HPS Laboratory Accreditation (Mechanistic Basis) Program A.L. Brooks; Washington State University F.M. Cummings; Idaho National Tri-Cities Laboratory 3:30 PM BREAK 9:00 AM TAM-E.3 4:00 PM TPM-A.3 Evolution of the HPS Laboratory BEIR VII Impact on EPA Risk Estimates Accreditation Program and Radiation Protection Standards and K.L. Swinth; Consultant Guidelines 9:30 AM TAM-E.4 J.S. Puskin; US Environmental Technical Aspects of the NIST Protection Agency Proficiency Tests during the Accreditation 4:30 PM TPM-A.4 Process Radiation, Risk, and RECA - Equitable R.M. Minniti; NIST Compensation for Uranium Mining and 9:45 AM BREAK Milling Workers, NTS Downwinders, and On-Site Test Participants 10:15 AM TAM-E.5. T. Buhl; Los Alamos National Laboratory HPS Accreditation from the Instrument Calibration Laboratory’s Prospective 5:00 PM AAHP Open Meeting T.S. Slowey; K&S Associates 10:30 AM TAM-E.6. Technical Aspects of the NIST Proficiency Tests for Source Manufacturer Accreditation J.C. Cessna; NIST 21 Tuesday 4:15 PM TPM-B.6 Emergency Radiological Response for 2:30-5:30 pm Bay 2 Hospitals in Light of the Realities of Multiple Casualty Events TPM-B: Emergency J.C. Keklak, L.J. Martino, A.R. Patel; Planning/Response Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Co-Chairs: Kathryn Brock and Michael 4:30 PM TPM-B.7 Noska Communication of Source Appropriate 2:30 PM TPM-B.1 Hazard and Hazard Mitigation The State of Florida’s Radiological Information to Emergency Responders Emergency Preparedness and H. Wallace; Boeing Response Program 4:45 PM TPM-B.8 J.J. Lanza, H.W. Keaton; Florida Using Existing Field Radiological Department of Health Instrumentation to Influence Emergency 2:45 PM TPM-B.2 Response Decisions Canadian Preparedness for Radiological D.J. Van Cleef, D.M. Beals; ORTEC/ Emergencies Advanced Measurement Technol-ogy, T. Segura, E.J. Thorleifson, D. Mullins, L. Inc., Savannah River National Lab Prud’homme-Lalonde, S. Lachapelle, S. 5:00 PM TPM-B.9 Qutob, S. Miller, D. Morrison, D. Follow-Up and Medical Treatment of Boreham, D. Wilkinson; Defence R&D Radiation Accident Victims of the 1997 Canada - Ottawa, Consumer and Clinical Lilo Accident: Implications for Radiation Radiation Protection Bureau, Atomic Accident Medical Management Energy of Canada Limited, McMaster H.D. Dorr, T.M. Fliedner, V. Meineke; Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences Institute of Radiobiology, German Armed 3:00 PM TPM-B.3 Forces, Munich, Germany, Radiation Emergency Preparedness in the News Medicine Research Group, University of K.M. Brock, A.C. McMurtray; US Nuclear Ulm, Germany, Institute of Radiobiology Regulatory Commission German Armed Forces, Munich, 3:15 PM TPM-B.4 Germany Effective Cooperation with Emergency 5:15 PM TPM-B.10 Response Organizations: Lessons from Criticality Accidents from the Victims’ Fourteen Years at an Industrial Broad- Perspectives Scope Licensee D.M. Minnema, V.L. Putman; National R.W. Edwards; The Boeing Company Nuclear Security Administration, US 3:30 PM TPM-B.5 Department of Energy, Idaho National Radiation Awareness Training for Laboratory University First Responder Personnel P.F. Caracappa; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 3:45 PM BREAK

22 Tuesday 3:30 PM TPM-C.6 Coworker Dosimetry Distributions Used 2:15-5:30 pm Bay 3 in Dose Reconstructions for the Energy Employees Occupational Illness TPM-C: Dose Reconstruction Compensation Program Act (EEOICPA) Special Session D.W. Hearnsberger, E.M. Brackett, S.E. Co-Chairs: Judson Kenoyer and Edward Merwin, D.L. Cragle, J.L. Kenoyer; Dade Maher Moeller and Associates, MJW Corpora- 2:15 PM TPM-C.1 tion, Oak Ridge Associated Universities Update on Subtitle B of the Energy 3:45 PM TPM-C.7 Employee Occupational Illness Estimation of Organ Doses from Compensation Program Act (EEOICPA) Diagnostic X-Rays for Dose Reconstruc- D.W. Moeller, R.E. Toohey, M.P. Moeller, tion D.A. Dooley; Dade Moeller & Associates, G.R. Davidson, R.L. Kathren, V.E. Oak Ridge Associated Universities, MJW Shockley, E.M. Thomas; GRD Analytics, Corporation Inc., Washington State University, Dade 2:30 PM TPM-C.2 Moeller & Associates, Inc., Oak Ridge Responsibilities and Activities of the US Associated Universities Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker 4:00 PM BREAK Health 4:30 PM TPM-C.8 P.L. Ziemer; Purdue University Evaluating Uncertainty in Dose and 2:45 PM TPM-C.3 Dose-Rate Effectiveness Factors for Development of DOE and AWE Site Low-LET Radiation for Use in Risk Profiles to Support Dose Reconstruction Estimation J.L. Kenoyer, E.D. Scalsky; Dade Moeller J.R. Trabalka, A.I. Apostoaei, F.O. & Associates, Advanced Technology Hoffman, D.C. Kocher, B.A. Thomas; Laboratory SENES Oak Ridge, Inc. 3:00 PM TPM-C.4 4:45 PM TPM-C.9 ORAU Team Worker Outreach Program Methodology for Estimating Electron for NIOSH Doses to Skin of Atomic Veterans rrom W.E. Murray; Oak Ridge Associated Dermal Contamination Universities A.I. Apostoaei, D.C. Kocher; SENES Oak 3:15 PM TPM-C.5 Ridge, Inc. ORAU Team Worker Outreach 5:00 PM TPM-C.10 Program’s Use of TopHat to Address Development of Improved Methods of Worker and Stakeholder Concerns Dose Reconstruction for Atomic Veterans M. Fish, W. Murray; Oak Ridge D.C. Kocher, A.I. Apostoaei, J.R. Associated Universities Trabalka; SENES Oak Ridge, Inc.

23 Tuesday 3:45 PM TPM-D.5 Doses Received by Pediatric Patients 5:15 PM TPM-C.11 from Interventional Fluoroscopy Pro- Target Organ Selection Issues for Dose cedures Reconstruction Under the Energy I. Thierry-Chef, S.L. Simon, D.L. Miller; Employees Occupational Illness National Cancer Institute - Radiation Compensation Program Act Epidemiology Branch B.A. Ulsh, R.W. Henshaw, T.D. Taulbee, D.E. Allen; National Institute for 4:00 PM TPM-D.6 Occupational Safety and Health, National Skeletal Reference Models for Pediatric Institute for Occupational Safety and Patients Health D. Hasenauer, C. Watchman, A. Shah, W. Bolch; University of Florida 2:15-4:45 pm Bay 4 4:15 PM TPM-D.7 TPM-D: Medical Health Physics A Case Study on NCRP 147 Co-Chairs: Gary Sayed and Mike Stabin Implementation V. Manickam, T.F. Gesell, R.R. Brey; 2:15 PM TPM-D.1 Idaho State University External Dosimetry of Medical Workers R.J. Gunter; CHP Consultants 4:30 PM TPM-D.8 A Practical Way to Assess the 2:30 PM TPM-D.2 Effectiveness of the Existing Vault Metastatic Liver Carcinoma Therapy with Shielding for IMRT SIR-Spheres: Radiation Safety Consid- J.B. Wojcicka, J.A. Gresick-Schugsta, erations for Patients and Personnel J.R. Nace; York Cancer Center, J. Strzelczyk, T.K. Johnson; University of WellSpan Health Colorado at Denver, University of Colorado 4:45 PM Medical Section Business Meeting 2:45 PM TPM-D.3 Radiation Dose to the Skin from 2:30-5:00 pm Conference Theater Common Nuclear Medicine Radio- nuclides TPM-E: Laboratory G.M. Sturchio; Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Accreditation Minnesota Co-Chairs: Sam Keith and Chuan Fu 3:00 PM TPM-D.4 Wu Nurse Magnetic Field Exposure During 2:30 PM TPM-E.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) DOELAP Experiences in Accreditation Procedures S.O. Schwahn; US Department of G.M. Sturchio, B.H. Bushman, K.J. Energy Roebuck; Mayo Clinic in Rochester, 2:45 PM TPM-E.2 Minnesota National Laboratory Accreditation 3:15 PM BREAK Program- NIST B. Belzer; NIST/NVLAP 3:00 PM TPM-E.3 Accreditation for Homeland Security G.G. Gillerman; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

24 Tuesday 3:30 PM BREAK 4:00 PM TPM-E.4 The Impact of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) on Radiation Detection Instrumentation M.C. Cox; DHS Consultant 4:15 PM TPM-E.5 Can the Health Physics Society Accredit Radiation Detection Instruments for DHS? F.M. Cummings, C.F. Wu; Idaho National Laboratory, US Department of Energy 4:45 PM Panel Discussion

25 Wednesday 10:30 am-Noon Bay 4 7:00 - 8:00 AM Bay 3 CEL-5 Employer Strategies and the WAM-D: ANSI Employee Performance Review Chair: Joseph P. Ring J.M. Hylko; WESKEM, LLC 10:30 AM WAM-D.1 7:00 - 8:00 AM Bay 4 Revisions to N3.11 "Criteria for Testing CEL-6 Extreme Uncertainty: When Personnel Dosimetry Performance" Dose Reconstruction Becomes C. Soares; National Institute of Standards Doswaggery and Technology D.Strom; Pacific Northwest National 10:45 AM WAM-D.2 Laboratory Background of Working Group Draft of the ANSI N13.44 Thyroid Phantom 8:30-10:00 am Bay 1/2/3 Standard PL2: Plenary Session 2: HPS P.C. Fulmer; Francis Marion University History 11:00 AM WAM-D.3 Co-Chairs: Ronald L. Kathren and Status of ANSI N42 And Related James D. Jamison Standards M. Cox; DHS Consultant 8:30 AM PL2.1 The Unmaking of the Nuclear Arms Race 11:15 AM WAM-D.4 R. Rhodes; Invited Speaker Status of the Development of ANSI N13.38, "Selection and Use of Neutron 10:00 AM BREAK Radiation Detection Instrumentation for Dose Equivalent Determination." 10:30 am-Noon Bay 1 T. Voss; Los Alamos National Laboratory WAM-A: History Session 11:30 AM WAM-D.5 Co-Chairs: Ronald L. Kathren and ANSI N13.14 "Internal Dosimetry James D. Jamison Programs for Tritium Exposure - 10:30 AM WAM-A.1 Minimum Requirements" Preserving Our Atomic Past: The Cold G. Potter; Sandia National Laboratory War as History 11:45 AM WAM-D.6 V. Scott; Atomic Testing Museum HPS/ANSI N13.30 Performance Criteria 11:00 AM WAM-A.2 for Radiobioassay - Considered Highlights of the First Fifty Years of the Modifications Health Physics Society J. MacLellan; Pacific Northwest National A.J. Boerner; Oak Ridge Associated Laboratory Universities 11:30 AM WAM-A.3 Herbert M. Parker, a Health Physics Legend W.J. Bair; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

26 Wednesday 3:15 PM WPM-A.4 Strengthening National Regulatory 11:00 am-Noon Conference Theater Infrastructures for the Security of Radioactive Sources: The US WAM-E: NIOSH/HERB Special Department of Energy International Session Occupational Radiological Threat Reduction Program Radioepidemiology Part I Regulatory Infrastructure Support Project Co-Chairs: David Nestle and Jeri F. Morris, R. Rawl, B. Dodd; Pacific Anderson Northwest National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Consultant 11:00 AM WAM-E.1 An Overview of the NIOSH Health- 3:30 PM WPM-A.5 Related Energy Research Branch Calculated Response Functions for a Occupational Radioepidemiology Pro- Fiber Optic Neutron Spectrometer gram R.J. McConn Jr, M. Bliss, R.I. Scherpelz, S.H. Ahrenholz; National Institute for D.V. Jordan, D.S. Barnett; Pacific Occupational Safety and Health Northwest National Laboratory 11:30 AM WAM-E.2 3:45 PM WPM-A.6 Radiation Exposure Assessment for RISK-RDD, a Radiological Incident Risk Epidemiologic Studies Management Tool R.D. Daniels; National Institute for B.M. Biwer, D.J. LePoire, M.A. Lazaro, T. Occupational Safety and Health Allison, S. Kamboj, S.Y. Chen; Argonne National Laboratory 2:30-5:30 pm Bay 1 4:00 PM BREAK WPM-A: Homeland Security 4:30 PM WPM-A.7 Co-Chairs: David Dooley and James Internal Dosimetry Protocols Following a Griffin RDD/WMD Terrorist Event 2:30 PM WPM-A.1 D.A. Dooley, R.E. Goans, E.M. Brackett, Radiological Theft and Diversion J.P. Griffin, G.J. Vargo, L.G. Henry; MJW Incidents: Analysis of World-Wide Events Corporation Occurring in Calendar Year 2003 4:45 PM WPM-A.8 R. Sullivan, F. Monette, R. Johnson, R. Radiation Portal Monitor Calibration and Lindley, J. Adduci, D. LePoire; Argonne Startup National Laboratory J.R. Hoyt, D.B. Shipler, K.R. Ames, R.B. 2:45 PM WPM-A.2 Sitsler, R.A. Jones, E.J. Antonio, B.C. Dose-Rate Dependence of High-Dose Gibson; Pacific Northwest National Health Effects in Humans from Photon Laboratory Radiation with Application to Radiological 5:00 PM WPM-A.9 Terrorism A New Portable Whole Body Counter for D.J. Strom; Pacific Northwest National Use Following an RDD or IND Event Laboratory G.H. Kramer, B.M. Hauck; Human 3:00 PM WPM-A.3 Monitoring Laboratory, Health Canada Population Monitoring Activities Assoc- iated with the National Response Plan R.C. Whitcomb, Jr., C.W. Miller; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

27 Wednesday 4:15 PM WPM-B.6 Correcting Neutron Dosimetry Records 5:15 PM WPM-A.10 for Epidemiology. Part II: Dose Computed Tomography (CT) for Imputation and Uncertainty Detecting and Imaging Fissionable D.J. Strom, R.I. Scherpelz, J.J. Fix, R.J. Material Traub; Pacific Northwest National S. Naeem, D.P. Wells, T. White, T. Laboratory Roney; Idaho State University, Idaho National Laboratory 4:30 PM WPM-B.7 Doses Delivered to 2:30-5:15 pm Bay 2 Thermoluminescence Detectors (TLDs) Due to Radon Gas WPM-B: External Dosimetry II L.W. Parker, J.A. Moore, S.-H. Hsu, A.L. Co-Chairs: Greg Komp and Ed Tupin Lehnert, M.L. Rodrigues, K.J. Kearfott; 2:30 PM WPM-B.1 University of Michigan An Integrated Photon, Neutron and Beta 4:45 PM WPM-B.8 Calibration Phantom and Storage Calibration and Response of Neutron System for Thermoluminescent Bubble Dosimeters from Thermal Detectors (TLDs) Energies to 60 MeV K.J. Kearfott, L.W. Parker, D.A. T.D. McLean, L.L. Romero, D.T. Cusumano; University of Michigan, Seagraves, R.H. Olsher, R.T. Devine; Advance Group, LLC Los Alamos National Laboratory 2:45 PM WPM-B.2 5:00 PM WPM-B.9 Quality Issues in Outsourcing Dosimetry The Thermoluminescent Properties of G- N. Stanford; Stanford Dosimetry, LLC 200 Feldspar in a Pressed Potassium 3:00 PM WPM-B.3 Bromide (KBr) Matrix Adding Radionuclides to the Varskin 3 T.A. Lebeis, W.G. West, M.L. Rodrigues, Library Correctly A.F. Kalchik, K.J. Kearfott; University of J.S. Durham; Colorado State University Michigan 3:15 PM WPM-B.4 2:30-5:30 pm Bay 3 A GEM-Based TEPC for Neutron Protection Dosimetry WPM-C: Decommissioning C.K. Wang, M. Seidaliev; Georgia Co-Chairs: Kenneth Krieger and David Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute Ottley of Technology 2:30 PM WPM-C.1 3:30 PM BREAK Radiological Challenges Associated with 4:00 PM WPM-B.5 Decontamination and Demolition of Two Correcting Neutron Dosimetry Records Highly Contaminated Outdoor Carbon for Epidemiology. Part I: Determining a Steel Ancillary Facilities at Hanford’s N- Bias Factor Reactor Complex R.I. Scherpelz, J.J. Fix, D.J. Strom, R.J. G.J. Gibbons; Bechtel Hanford, Inc. Traub; Pacific Northwest National 2:45 PM WPM-C.2 Laboratory Dawn Mining Company Millsite Soil Characterization M. Vidyasagar, J.A. Johnson, H.R. Meyer, C.A. Little; MFG, Inc.

28 Wednesday 5:00 PM WPM-C.10 Modifying the MDA Calculation to Include 3:00 PM WPM-C.3 Anticipated Residual Contamination Evaluating Atmospheric Release A.E. Desrosiers; Bartlett Services, Inc. Fractions from Water Jet Waste Retrieval J.A. Bamberger, L.L. Penn, J.A. 5:15 PM WPM-C.11 Glissmeyer; Pacific Northwest National The Impact of False-Negative Laboratory, CH2M Hill Hanford Group Assessments in the Accelerated Clean- Up Era: Corporate Profits/Incentive 3:15 PM WPM-C.4 Awards Versus Undefined Health Effects Effects of Surface Paint Coatings on W.H. Knox; Hi Tech Solutions 232Th Surface Contamination Detection J.S. Bland, A. Reyes, J.K. Doan; 2:30-5:30 pm Bay 4 Chesapeake Nuclear Services, Inc. 3:30 PM WPM-C.5 WPM-D: Operational Health Characterization of Surface Contamina- Physics tion in 56 Rooms of a Decommissioned Co-Chairs: Dave Medich and Jay Radiological Laboratory Maisler K.E. Meyer; Canberra Oak Ridge, LLC 2:30 PM WPM-D.1 3:45 PM BREAK The OPEX Program at Bruce Power L.D. Romanowich; Bruce Power 4:00 PM WPM-C.6 Locating Radiation Survey Locations with 2:45 PM WPM-D.2 RF and Ultrasound Minimizing Cost and Radwaste with C.M. Wiblin, B.D. Wiblin; RadSurvey Protective Clothing Systems LLC J.M. Price; Southern California Edison 4:15 PM WPM-C.7 3:00 PM WPM-D.3 Proposal for Risk Informed Removable EPRI ALARA Assessments at Nuclear Contamination Limits Power Plants: Results Update K.N. Lambert; Drexel University S. Bushart, P. Saunders, D. Quinn; Electric Power Research Institute, 4:30 PM WPM-C.8 Suncoast Solutions, Inc., DAQ, Inc. Regulatory Harmony and the License Termination Process 3:15 PM WPM-D.4 H.J. Newman; NEXTEP Environmental, Public Doses Resulting from Nuclear Inc. Power Plant Emissions J.T. Harris; Purdue University 4:45 PM WPM-C.9 Multidisciplinary Approach to Achieve- 3:30 PM WPM-D.5 ment of Risk-Based End-States for Dose Mapping for the Uranium-233 Facility Decom-missioning at the Disposition and Medical Isotope Savannah River Site Production Project at Oak Ridge, P.L. Lee, G.T. Jannik, E.P. Shine, K.L. Tennessee Dixon, J.L. Roach, Jr., T.O. Oliver, R.C. D.E. Gergely, W.P. Riley, T.R. Butz; Tuckfield, V.R. Fricke; Savannah River Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc., Duratek, Inc. National Laboratory, Westinghouse 3:45 PM BREAK Savannah River Company

29 Wednesday A Nested Case-Control Study of Leukemia and Ionizing Radiation at the 4:15 PM WPM-D.6 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Characterization of the Neutron Spectra T.L. Kubale, R.D. Daniels, J.H. Yiin, G.M. in Various Oregon State University Kinnis, J.R. Couch, M.K. Schubauer- TRIGA(r) Reactor Irradiation Facilities Berigan, S.R. Silver, S.J. Nowlin, P. E.D. Ashbaker, S.R. Reese, L.R. Chen; National Institute for Occupational Greenwood; Oregon State University, Safety and Health, Westat Inc. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 3:30 PM WPM-E.3 4:30 PM WPM-D.7 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma & Hematopoi- Experience of Planning and Implement- etic Cancer Mortality Among Idaho ing of a MicroPET Scanning Facility National Engineering and Environmental D.J. Sherman; SUNY Buffalo, Laboratory Workers Environment Health and Safety M.K. Schubauer-Berigan, G.V. Macievic, 4:45 PM WPM-D.8 D.F. Utterback, C.-Y. Tseng; National Brain-Based Learning - New Approaches Institute for Occupational Safety and for Effective Radiation Safety Training Health R.H. Johnson; Radiation Safety 4:00 PM Discussion Academy 5:30 - 6:30 pm Conference Theatre 5:00 PM WPM-D.9 Radiation Protection in Former HPS Business Meeting Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro and Health Physics Society M.M. Ninkovic; Institute of Nuclear Sciences - Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro 5:15 PM WPM-D.10 Well Logging Using Radioactive Sources D.D. Brown; Halliburton Energy Services 2:30-4:30 pm Conference Theater WPM-E: NIOSH/HERB Special Session Occupational Radioepidemiology Part II Co-Chairs: David Nestle and Jeri Anderson 2:30 PM WPM-E.1 The Importance of Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment in Radioepidem- iology D.D. Zaebst; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 3:00 PM WPM-E.2

30 Wednesday D. Fuehne; Los Alamos National ADJUNCT TECHNICAL SESSION Laboratory 6:00-8:00 pm Salons I/II, DoubleTree Hotel A Discussion of Aerosol Measurements Issues AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS Leaders: D. Hadlock, T. Voss; (All presentations are 15 minutes) Savannah River Site, Los Alamos Chair: Morgan Cox National Laboratory A Summary of the 2005 Air Monitoring Users Group meeting" (sponsored by Los Alamos National Laboratory) M. Cox; DHS Consultant Occupational Experience with the Eberline Alpha-7L at LANL D. Wannigman, T. Voss; Los Alamos National Laboratory Estimates of Increased Exposure to Contamination Dust Following Forest Disturbance J.J. Whicker, J.E. Pinder, D.D. Brashears, C.F. Eberhart; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Colorado State University, University of Arizona Recent Developments in Detectors for Air Monitoring T. McLean; Los Alamos National Laboratory The Current Status of Radioactive Air Monitoring Standards: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) M. Cox; DHS Consultant An Update on Collaboration to Creating a New Handbook on Radioactive Aerosol Sampling Methods M.D. Hoover; NIOSH-Morgantown Planning for the Next Decade of NORA: Partnering Opportunities to Translate Research into Practice Through the National Occupational Research Agenda M.D. Hoover; NIOSH-Morgantown Changes to EPA Radiological Stack Monitoring Requirements and Ramifications on LANL Operations

31 Thursday 11:00 AM THAM-A.5 Health Effects of Radiation Exposure 7:00 - 8:00 AM Bay 3 Due to the Chernobyl Accident: Learning CEL-7 The Natural Nuclear Reactor at from Experience Oklo: How it Works and What it Means E. Buglova; International Atomic Energy A. Karam; Rochester Institute of Agency, Vienna, Austria (G. William Technology Morgan Lecture) 7:00 - 8:00 AM Bay 4 CEL-8 Workplace Investigation of 8:30-11:30 am Bay 2 Cause: A Case Study R. Jones; Pacific Northwest National THAM-B: RSO Section Laboratory Co-Chairs: Bob Gallaghar and Glenn Sturchio 8:30 am-Noon Bay 1 8:30 AM THAM-B.1 THAM-A: Low Dose Radiation So You Are RSO! C.J. Paperiello; United States Nuclear Responses: Impact on Risk Regulatory Commission Co-Chairs: William Morgan and Antone Brooks 9:00 AM THAM-B.2 Radiation Measurements and Standards 8:30 AM THAM-A.1 Needs for Radiation Protection Low Dose/Low Dose Rate Radiation- R.C. Yoder; Landauer Inc. Induced Genomic Instability: W.F. Morgan; University of Maryland, 9:15 AM THAM-B.3 Baltimore Radiation & Regulations in 2055 E.W. Fordham; CRCPD 9:00 AM THAM-A.2 Molecular Switches and Dose-Response 9:30 AM THAM-B.4 Relationships Health Physics - Education Is Funda- A.L. Brooks; Washington State University mental in the Next 50 Years Tri-Cities D.J. Allard; Pennsylvania Department Bureau of Radiation Protection 9:30 AM THAM-A.3 A Call for Reality in Routine Radiation 9:45 AM THAM-B.5 Protection Practices Developments in Radiation Protection V.P. Bond; Washington State University Recommendations Tri-Cities D.A. Cool; US Nuclear Regulatory Commission 10:00 AM BREAK 10:15 AM BREAK 10:30 AM THAM-A.4 Computational Model for Radiation 10:45 AM THAM-B.6 Effects at Low Doses in the Developing Results of 55 Years as a Professional Neocortex Health Phyicist W.C. Griffith, N.M. DeFrank, J.M. Gohlke, R.G. Gallaghar; Applied Health Physics, E.J. Gribble, E.M. Faustman; Institute for Inc. Risk Analysis and Risk Communication 11:00 AM Roundtable: Charting our Course Toward 2005 11:30 AM RSO Section Business Meeting

32 Thursday 9:45 AM THAM-C.6 NORM Contamination: Alpha/Beta but 8:30-10:30 am Bay 3 Little Gamma Radiation K.V. Krieger; Earth Tech Inc. THAM-C: Regulatory Issues 10:00 AM THAM-C.7 and Waste Management Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Disposal Chair: John Hageman Criteria for NORM/TENORM Waste 8:30 AM THAM-C.1 W.E. Kennedy, Jr., P.G. Retallick; Dade Some Absurdities of the 2005 Moeller & Associates, Inc., Clean Recommendations of the ICRP: Harbors Environmental Services Exclusion Levels 10:15 AM THAM-C.8 G.H. Kramer; Human Monitoring New Radiation Warning Sign Laboratory, Health Canada C.J. MacKenzie; International Atomic 8:45 AM THAM-C.2 Energy Agency Development of Regional and 8:30 am-Noon Bay 4 International Solutions for Low Level Radioactive Waste THAM-D: Decommissioning K.D. Anderson, S. Zoller; Environmental Section Session Chemical Corporation, Environmental Co-Chairs: Kenneth Krieger and David Chemical Corporation Ottley 9:00 AM THAM-C.3 8:30 AM THAM-D.1 Analyses of Internal Doses Received by Approaches to Risk Management in Department of Energy Workers Remediation of Radioactively Contam- J.L. Rabovsky, P.F. Wambach, N. Rao; inated Sites US Department of Energy D.J. Strom, L.R. Anspaugh, J. Flynn, F.O. 9:15 AM THAM-C.4 Hoffman, D.C. Kocher, P.A. Locke, P.J. Development of Authorized Limits for the Merges, B.A. Napier, E.I. White; Pacific Radiological Release of Portions of the Northwest National Laboratory, Hanford Reach National Monument University of Utah, Decision Research, B.A. Napier, W.M. Glines; Pacific SENES Oak Ridge, Inc., Johns Hopkins Northwest National Laboratory, US Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Energy - Richland Environment and Radiation Specialists, Operations Office Inc., National Council on Radiation 9:30 AM THAM-C.5 Protection and Measurements Soil Sampling to Demonstrate 8:45 AM THAM-D.2 Compliance with Department of Energy Superfund Program Radiation Lead (DOE) Authorized Limits for the Radio- S.A. Walker; US Environmental logical Release of Hanford Reach Protection Agency, Office of Superfund National Monument Lands in Accordance Remediation and Technology Innovation with DOE Order 5400.5 Requirements 9:00 AM THAM-D.3 B.G. Fritz, R.L. Dirkes, W.M. Glines; CRCPD position on control of solid mate- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, rials US Department of Energy - Richland D. McBaugh; State of Washington, Dept. Operations Office of Health

33 Thursday 11:15 AM THAM-D.10 Establishing & Demonstrating Compli- 9:15 AM THAM-D.4 ance with Derived Concentration State Perspectives on Decommissioning Guideline Levels (DCGLs) for Issues Subsurface Soil B.L. Hamrick; California Department of J.W. Lively, J.S. Kirk; MACTEC, Inc., Health Services Nuclear Fuels Services, Inc. 9:30 AM THAM-D.5 11:30 AM THAM-D.11 Controlling the Release of Potentially Deriving Site-Specific DCGLs: One Clearable Soils - An Overview of NRC Approach to Regulatory Acceptance Staff Analysis H.T. Downey, J.W. Lively; MACTEC J-C. Dehmel, A. Schwartzman, D. Lewis; US Nuclear Regulatory Commission 11:45 AM THAM-D.12 Radiological Monitoring and Control 9:45 AM THAM-D.6 During the Quehanna Decommissioning EPRI Study on the Disposition of Solid Project Material: Comparative Review of Three K.M. Kasper; Scientech, LLC Published Clearance Guides S.P. Bushart; Electric Power Research Noon Decommissioning Institute Section Business Meeting 10:00 AM THAM-D.7 8:30 am-Noon Conference Theater Radiological Remediation at the Department of Energy’s Energy THAM-E: Special Session of Technology Engineering Center the Homeland Security P.D. Rutherford, M.E. Lee, R.A. Marshall, Committee E.R. McGinnis, B.D. Sujata, D.M. Co-Chairs: Marcia Hartman and Daniel Trippeda; Rocketdyne Propulsion & Blumenthal Power, The Boeing Company 8:30 AM THAM-E.1 10:15 AM BREAK Call to Action-Duties & Responsibilities of 10:45 AM THAM-D.8 HPs MARSSIM (?) Final Status Survey J.G. Barnes; Rocketdyne/Boeing Approach for Soils at the Rocky Flats 8:45 AM THAM-E.2 Closure Project Police Experiences with TOPOFF 2 E.W. Abelquist; Oak Ridge Associated M.K. Meehan; Seattle Police Department Universities 9:15 AM THAM-E.3 11:00 AM THAM-D.9 Working with the First Responder, Successful Acceleration of Decommis- Challenges for the HP sioning at the Columbus Closure Project S.C. Moss; US Army K.D. Anderson; Environmental Chemical Corporation (Presented by S. Zoller) 9:30 AM THAM-E.4 WMD Training Materials for HP and the Responder B.B. Buddemeier; Department of Homeland Security

34 Thursday 9:45 AM THAM-E.5 Practical Experiences in Developing Nuclear/Radiological Incident Awareness and Response Training J.J. Lanza; Florida Department of Health 10:00 AM BREAK 10:30 AM THAM-E.6 Public Health Response to a Nuclear/Radiological Emergency J.J. Lanza; Florida Department of Health 10:45 AM THAM-E.7 Spies, Lies, and Nuclear Threats: Radiation Detection at Borders R.T. Kouzes, J.H. Ely; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 11:00 AM THAM-E.8 Nuclear and Radiological Threats R.W. Allen, W.F. Buckley; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 11:15 AM THAM-E.9 National Plans and Activities of the Department of Homeland Security B.B. Buddemeier; Department of Homeland Security 11:30 AM Panel Discussion

NOTE FOR CHPs The American Academy of Health Physics has approved the following meeting-related activi- ties for Continuing Education Credits for CHPs: * Meeting attendance is granted 2 CECs per half day of atten- dance, up to 12 CECs; * AAHP 8 hour courses are granted 16 CECs each; * HPS 2 PEP courses are granted 4 CECs . . each; * HPS 1 hour CELs are granted 2 CECs each.

35 AAHP Courses Saturday, July 9, 2005 AAHP 1 ing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) will be Identification and Control of reviewed. There will be extensive discus- Electromagnetic Fields (0 – 300 GHz) sion on how to establish appropriate con- J. Leonowich; Pacific Northwest trol measures for each type of electro- National Laboratory magnetic field, based on calculations and Since the beginning of the 20th cen- field measurements. At the end of the tury, there has been marked development course, the student will understand the and increased utilization of equipment proven health risks associated with this and devices for medical, industrial, portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, telecommunications, consumer use, and as well as be able to explain these risks to military applications that emit one or more the concerned layman. Particular empha- types of non-ionizing (NIR) radiant energy sis will be placed on field sources which in the microwave, radiofrequency (RF), have recently sparked controversy, such and extremely low frequency (ELF) por- as the ubiquitous 50/60 Hz ELF fields tions of the electromagnetic spectrum which form the basis of power generation (i.e., 0 - 300 GHz). Concomitant with this and transmission; and the portions of the increased usage, there is growing con- spectrum used for wireless communica- cern in government agencies, industry, tion. Case studies will be presented, and and professional societies as well as important new topics such as induced and among the public regarding the possible contact currents and electromagnetic health hazards associated with the devel- interference effects will be reviewed. opment, manufacture, and operation of Multimedia presentations, class discus- devices that emit NIR radiant energies in sions and equipment demonstrations will the frequency range from 0 to 300 GHz. be used to present the material. To address these concerns, private scien- AAHP 2 tific organizations and government agen- Low Dose Effects of Ionizing cies have developed exposure guidance Radiation or standards to protect workers and the D. Boreham; McMaster University, public against possible hazards. This Canada course will review safety issues associat- This course is designed to update ed with this extremely broad portion of the participants on the current state of knowl- electromagnetic spectrum, which covers edge regarding three general areas of everything from "batteries" to "heat radiation biology: 1) cellular and molecu- lamps", or "DC to daylight". lar mechanisms that modify responses to These fields are alleged to have radiation such as adaptive responses, number of long term health effects, includ- bystander effects, and genomic instability, ing cancer. This 8 hour introductory 2) genetic and environmental factors that course will cover low frequency (0 - 3 alter mechanisms and consequently alter kHz) electric and magnetic fields and effects, and 3) modern techniques in bio- radio frequency/microwave radiation (3 logical dosimetry to measure genetic kHz - 300 GHz). Exposure criteria of the damage for emergency dosimetry of long Institute of Electrical and Electronic term risk estimation in human and non- Engineers (IEEE), the American human biota. The course will begin with a Conference of Governmental Industrial review of health concerns associated with Hygienists (ACGIH), as well as the exposure to high doses of ionizing radia- International Commission for Non-ioniz- 36 tion. In humans, these concerns include: AAHP 3 1) immediate death (hours to months) Training Emergency Responders; due to acute radiation syndromes (ARS) Materials, Tools, and Methods for of the central nervous system, gastro- Health Physicists intestinal system or hematopoietic sys- B. Buddemeier, J. DiLorenzo; US tem; 2) later somatic effects such as can- Department of Homeland Security, US cer induction due to transformation of nor- Department of Energy, Nevada mal cells; and 3) reproductive effects such Excellent training materials exist for as fetal malformation or mutations in training first responders (firefighters, law germ-line cells (reproductive tissue) that enforcements, EMT) , but you can’t just could be inherited in the next generation download all them off the internet. of irradiated offspring. It is difficult to pre- Students who successfully complete this dict the final outcome of any exposure but AAHP class will become certified trainers genetically controlled biological process- in at least 2 responder training programs. es and environmental stimuli exist that Over 20 hours of Train the Trainer course- can modulate the consequences of these work has been compressed into this 8 exposures and change the probability of a hour class designed for the radiation safe- biological effect. This presentation will ty professional. The Modular Emergency introduce the audience to the biological Response Radiological Transportation effects of radiation and explain the conse- Training (MERRTT) offers over 16 mod- quences to a cell and whole organisms ules of multimedia rich training material related to these exposures. New informa- including presentations, student & instruc- tion regarding how low doses can be tor guides, tests, practical exercises, and used to induce mechanisms to modulate regionally available training aids. This pro- disease progression will be discussed gram was updated in 2004 and provides and important topics such as the adaptive the successful student with 2 CDs full of response, by-stander effects, and genom- movies and training materials that were ic instability will be presented. The mod- developed with help of the first responder ern tools used in molecular biology to community. The Department of Energy s measure biological and genetic changes WMD Radiological/Nuclear Awareness associated with radiation exposure will be Train-The-Trainer Course will build on the described and a new approach for emer- MERRTT training to prepare Health gency biological dosimetry in response to Physics professionals to deliver a six-hour accidental or deliberate over-exposure Radiation Awareness Course, using a will be addressed. The overall goal will be prepared lesson plan. An additional CD to educate the audience on the current with subjects including Introduction to state of knowledge related to radiation Radiation, Health and Medical Effects, exposures at low doses and show that Recognition and Notification, and radiation risk assessment is complicated Rad/Nuclear Terrorism Overview will be and depends largely on biology and not provided to those who attend the entire the actual dose. session. In addition to certifications in the programs above, information will be pro- vided on the how to interface with emer- gency responders and national programs that are available to fund and equip local responders.

37 Professional Enrichment Program Sunday, July 10 through Wednesday, July 13, 2005 The Professional Enrichment Program which still have space available after the (PEP) provides a continuing education waiting list has been admitted. Student opportunity for those attending the Health admission will be on a first-come, first-served Physics Society Annual Meeting. The two basis and will only begin 15 minutes after the hours allotted each course ensure that the start of the session to allow for completion of subjects can be discussed in greater depth ticket processing. than is possible in the shorter programs Please Note!! offered elsewhere in the meeting. Please be on time for your sessions. On Sunday, July 10, a series of 24 The lecturer will begin promptly at the sched- courses will be offered between 8:00 am - uled time. Please allow time for check-in. 4:00 pm. The HPS reserves the right to schedule a In addition to the above-mentioned substitute speaker or cancel a session in sessions for Sunday, five PEP lectures are case the scheduled speaker is unavailable. scheduled on Monday, Tuesday, and Attendees not present at the starting Wednesday afternoons from 12:15 - 2:15 time of the session cannot be guaranteed a pm. space, as empty spaces will be filled from the Registration for each two-hour course wait list at that time. Spaces left after the wait is $60 and is limited to 60 attendees on a list has been admitted may be filled with stu- first-come, first-served basis. Those whose dents. If your duties at the meeting cause registrations are received before the pre-reg- you to be late for your lecture (e.g., chairing istration deadline will be sent confirmation of a session), contact the PEP registration desk their PEP course registration. so that your name can be placed on the Students with a current ID card will be waiver list and your space held. SUNDAY - 8:00-10:00 AM admitted free of charge to any sessions SUNDAY - 8:00-10:00 AM 1A Critical Decisions for First-Time adapt to the role of a manager. This new and Experienced Managers role typically requires supervising, guiding J.M. Hylko; WESKEM, LLC and influencing the direction of a depart- Following graduation from a health ment and its employees. Having worked physics program or related technical field, for a variety of managers throughout his an individual’s training and career devel- career and now supervising an opment activities typically focus on acquir- Environmental, Safety and Health ing additional work experience and (ES&H) Department across three sepa- enhancing technical problem-solving rate projects, the instructor presents first- skills. However, as health physicists hand experiences related to the success- advance throughout their careers, mana- es and pitfalls serving as a department gerial duties, such as supervising employ- manager. Discussion topics and real-life ees and overseeing projects, result either examples will cover defining roles and through professional advancement or responsibilities, motivation, communica- staffing changes within a company. tion, reasons for effective leadership, sup- Therefore, as health physicists gain addi- porting employees during a crisis, as well tional experience and years in the profes- as allocating resources and budgets. In sion, they may be required to accept and addition, enhancing your own depart- ment’s productivity can be achieved with

38 support from other internal organizations the Health Physicist. Newer and more (e.g., quality assurance and human powerful accelerators are constantly resources). Both aspiring and experi- being developed. Monte Carlo codes and enced managers will acquire useful infor- other tools are used to predict the out- mation that can be applied immediately in come of high energy subatomic particles their current work location. that are accelerated to very high energies. This course will give a broad overview of 1B Fundamentals of Medical Internal the various types of accelerators, such as Radiation Dosimetry: What You Need electron, proton and spallation sources, to Know as a Health Physicist their uniqueness, and the special health D.R. Fisher; Pacific Northwest physics challenges of working with accel- National Laboratory erators. Specific topics to be addressed The use of radionuclides in nuclear include accelerator interlock systems, medicine for diagnosis and treatment of proton accelerators, electron accelera- disease is increasing. Two new radio- tors, spallation targets, ancillary X-ray pharmaceuticals have been approved in hazards, prompt and residual radiation the U.S. for high-dose radioimmunothera- hazards, isotope production expectations, py of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and rules of thumb for dose expectation, radi- many other are in various stages of ation measurements, neutron hazards, research, preclinical, and clinical testing. dosimetry considerations, beam stop It is essential for every health physicist to design, radiation measurements inside understand basic principles and beam tunnels, and handling of high dose approaches to the dosimetry of adminis- rate targets. The course is directed at the tered radiopharmaceuticals. Others CHP but would also serve as an excellent working in a hospital environment may basis for those studying for the CHP who desire a more in-depth understanding the wish to obtain an overview of accelerator mechanics of medical internal dosimetry, health physics. including approaches to data acquisition, determining the number of nuclear trans- 1D Army’s Capstone and Operation formation is an organ or tissue, methods Iraqi Freedom Depleted Uranium of dose calculation, and use of the com- Programs puter software tools that are available. F. Szrom; U.S. Army Center for Health This course will also describe the use of Promotion & Preventive Medicine internal dosimetry for retrospective dose The U.S. Center for Health assessment, prospective treatment plan- Promotion and Preventive Medicine is the ning, and risk analysis. In addition to Army’s focal point for two programs practicing medical physicists, the course involving depleted uranium (DU) - The is also recommended for regulators and Capstone DU Program and the Operation administrators with responsibility for the Iraqi Freedom (OIF) DU Bioassay medical use of internally administered Screening Program. Overviews of the radionuclides. programs will be provided. The Capstone Depleted Uranium 1C Operational Accelerator Health (DU) Program was sponsored by the U.S. Physics Army and the Department of Defense S. Walker; Los Alamos National (DOD) Deployment Health Support Laboratory Directorate (formerly the DOD Office of This class will address general the Special Assistant for Gulf War Illness). accelerator health physics. Accelerators The purpose of the Capstone Program offer unique and challenging problems for was to provide a peer-reviewed, rigorous 39 scientific estimate of health risks from ing over 1600 Soldiers for potential DU inhalation of DU aerosols to personnel in exposure and the technical basis for armored vehicles that are perforated by results’ interpretation will be presented large-caliber DU munitions. The and described. Capstone DU Program had two major 1E Training First Responders on components - an aerosol characterization RDDs and INDs—an Approach used component and a human health risk by DOE Region 4 Radiological assessment (HHRA) component. DU Assistance Program aerosols generated by the perforation of K. Groves; DOE-National Nuclear armored vehicles were collected and Security Administration characterized. Characterizations includ- Post 9/11, the Department of Energy ed in vitro lung fluid solubility studies and Radiological Assistance Program (DOE time dependent uranium concentration RAP) has expanded the scope of its sup- and particle size distribution profiles. The port to State, Local, and Tribal jurisdic- results of the DU aerosol characteriza- tions. A number of new and/or expanded tions were combined with exposure sce- support activities have been assigned to narios, based on events from Operation the eight DOE RAP Regions and a new Desert Storm, to model radiological doses National Capital Region has been added. and chemical concentrations in the body. The expanded activities include: more These estimates of radiological doses capable teams (expanded from seven and chemical concentrations were trans- person teams to eleven person teams) - lated into potential health risks. The each region has a minimum of three HHRA concluded that long-term adverse teams; more sophisticated radiological health effects are not likely for the mod- detection and radioisotope identification eled exposure scenarios. The entire instrumentation, and enhanced access to report is over 1100 pages and was other DOE Emergency Response Assets. released by DOD in October 2004. The The new activities include: a real-time report conclusions, the types of data in search capability for radiological/nuclear the report and where to find the various devices, access to the DOE Triage data in the report will be presented and System to assist in the identification of described. radiological spectral data collected on- DOD policies for OIF require (1) all scene, and a Maritime Response personnel in, on or near a combat vehicle Management Plan to support the US at the time it was struck by DU munitions, Coast Guard in both off-shore and on- (2) all personnel who entered immediate- shore radiological incidents. In addition to ly after it was struck and (3) personnel the new and expanded DOE RAP with specific military occupational special- Programs, additional training require- ties that are required to enter multiple ments have been added to the DOE damaged vehicles be tested for potential Federal and Contractor employees who exposure to DU. Urine uranium bioas- support the program. The DOE RAP says are performed to determine potential remains (through a MOU with the exposures to DU. Inductively Coupled Department of Homeland Security) one of Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) the nations first lines of defense in the analytical techniques are used to deter- case of Radiological Dispersal Devices or mine the uranium-238 concentration and Improvised Nuclear Devices. The assis- the uranium-235/uranium-238 ratio in tance is available around the clock (at no urine specimens. The results of screen- cost) with most responses providing on-

40 scene support to the local Incident for these two general problem areas. This Commander within 2 to 6 hours. program will show, from a theoretical standpoint, how all of these systems are 1F An Introduction to Microshield identical in concept, and will then show, B. Brown, R. Pierson; CH2MHill using practical examples, how each is Hanford Group, Pacific Northwest applied to solve different problems. For National Laboratory nuclear medicine, an overview will be MicroShield(tm) is a powerful pro- given of the current state of the art and gram used to analyze shielding configura- promise for future improvements to pro- tions and estimate radiation exposures vide more patient specificity in calcula- from gamma-emitting radioisotopes. This tions and better ability to predict biological session provides an introduction to effects from calculated doses. For occu- MicroShield(tm) and is intended for the pational applications of internal dosimetry, new user or the casual user of earlier pro- an overview will be given of currently gram versions and assumes attendees applicable models and methods for bioas- have a fundamental Health Physics back- say analysis and dose assessment, ground. This session will focus on a basic showing a few practical examples. understanding of the different models, entering source term/shielding configura- 1H Laser Safety Audits tions, understanding the effects of T. Johnson; Uniformed Services buildup, and navigation within the soft- University of the Health Sciences ware to generate user friendly results. This class assumes attendees have Upon completion, a user will be able to a working knowledge of laser terminology operate MicroShield(tm), generate simple and the ANSI Z136 standards. This class models, and interpret the results. will give a brief overview and discussion MicroShield is a registered trademark of of auditing techniques for labs using Grove Engineering, Inc. lasers. Attendees will be presented with Attendees are required to bring a lap specific conditions and situations that will top computer. Copies of the Software will be discussed. Each attendee will need a be available for use at the session. calculator, capable of performing power calculations (t^0.75). 1G Harmony in Concepts and Units Class objectives: Recognize non- for Internal Dose Calculations for beam hazards Determine NHZ Examine Nuclear Medicine Applications or for direct and indirect exposure hazards Protection of Radiation Workers Recognize factors that influence protec- M. Stabin; Vanderbilt University tive eyewear selection Harmony in Concepts and Units Internal dose calculations for nuclear SUNDAY - 10:30 AM-12:30 PM medicine applications or for protection of radiation workers are based on the same 2A Radiation Detection and fundamental concepts and units. The var- Radiation Dosimetry for Homeland ious systems developed to provide a Security basis for the needed calculations (e.g. J.C. McDonald; Pacific Northwest ICRP 30/60, MIRD, RADAR) use equa- National Laboratory tions that appear to be different, but are in Concerns about the illicit movement fact identical when carefully studied. A of radionuclides across country borders current effort is underway to harmonize have heightened the degree of protection the defining equations and units instituted in the U.S. Border protection employed to provide quantitative analysis involves the screening of large numbers

41 of people, conveyances and vehicles at well-accepted scientific methods to often the border crossings or ports of entry. novel situations. The work and opinions Each day, U.S. ports of entry see more of expert witnesses must withstand the than 300,000 vehicles, approximately scrutiny of their peers, and meet myriad 2,500 aircraft, and nearly 600 ships. legal criteria. Expert witnesses must There are more than 600 border sites to present their complex work and opinions protect, and screening for illicit radioactive in a way that a jury of lay people can material on this large a scale requires a understand, so that they can make deter- careful balance of high throughput and minations about technical aspects a case. high search efficiency. Four basic types Success as an expert witness often of instruments are used for the detection depends on a sound working knowledge and identification of radioactive material of the rules that apply to expert evidence, that may be present in a number of situa- the litigation process, relevant points of tions. Personal radiation detectors are law, and conflicts that can arise when sci- small, highly sensitive instruments that entific knowledge informs legal under- alert the user to the presence of radioac- standing. tive material. Survey meters, similar to This course identifies various roles those used in nuclear power plants to that health physicists and radiation pro- measure exposure, or dose equivalent, fessionals play in radiation litigation, rates are used to search for radioactive including implementing field studies, per- material. They may also be used for post- forming dose assessments, preparing event measurements of radioactive con- recommendations regarding site use and tamination or dose equivalent rates. remediation, analyzing dosimetric data, Radionuclide identifier devices are battery and interpreting the positions of various powered and are similar in size to hand- scientific bodies. Course participants will held survey meters. These devices ana- learn the relevant professional, scientific, lyze the pulse-height spectra produced by and legal standards applicable to these a sodium iodide crystal and perform an tasks. The course reviews common chal- analysis to identify the radionuclides pres- lenges and unique problems associated ent. The fourth and largest detector type with conducting relatively routine profes- is the radiation portal monitor through sional tasks in a litigation setting. To aid which trucks and automobiles may pass. understanding of performing health These devices are in use at many US bor- physics jobs in a litigation setting, the der crossings. This class will describe the course includes an explanation of the operation of the instruments and discuss types of claims that are typically made in some of the performance tests that have litigation involving injuries associated with been carried out for the Department of radioactive materials, and the requisite Homeland Security. proof for those claims. The course gives examples of effective ways to convey 2B Ground Rules for Experts: A PEP complex technical information and analy- Course for Expert Witnesses and ses so that it can be understood by attor- Potential Expert Witnesses neys, judges, and jurors who, in most Lynn McKay; Schmeltzer, Aptaker & cases, lack substantial knowledge of radi- Shepard, P.C. ation and health physics concepts. Health physicists and radiation pro- Finally, the course describes the fessionals involved in consulting, particu- work of radiation expert witnesses in a larly those who appear as expert witness- number of cases, and invites the audi- es in litigation, must apply rigorous, and ence to examine this work in the context

42 of the technical and legal requirements best learning occurs when the brain is that apply to such work. provided with cognitive (thinking), affec- tive (feeling), and psychomotor (physical) 2C Accelerators 2 information at the same time. People S. Walker; Los Alamos National learn better through creative acts that Laboratory include thought, feeling, and physical This course is a continuation of PEP action. Memory is enhanced when new 1C, Operational Accelerator Health information is related to relevant mental, Physics. See PEP 1C for futher descrip- emotional, and physical experience. tion. Effective radiation safety training 2D Brain-Based Learning - New with the brain in mind will consider: 1) Approaches for Effective Radiation How the brain learns; 2) How to get stu- Safety Training dents ready to learn; 3) How to enrich the R.H. Johnson, Jr.; Radiation Safety learning environment; 4) How to get the Academy brain’s attention; 5) How threats and Studies in brain-based or brain-com- stress affect learning; 6) How to enhance patible learning over the past ten years learning by motivation and rewards; 7) have shown that the traditional “stand- How emotions affect learning; 8) How the and-deliver” approach to teaching may mind and body are linked for learning; 9) not be the best model for optimum learn- How the brain derives meaning; 10) How ing. As we seek to train more and more to enhance memory and recall first responders and security personnel 2E Fundamentals of Alpha about radiation perhaps we should con- Spectroscopy sider whether we are as effective as we C. Maddigan, D. Van Cleef; ORTEC/ could be. The challenge for teaching first Advanced Measurement Technology, responders is not just about teaching the Inc., Oak Ridge, TN technology of radiation sciences, but how This course offers a fast-paced review of to provide a basis for understanding radi- the basic principles of alpha spectroscop- ation such that they will not revert to an ic analysis. The course includes a review automatic stress response when they of the nature and origins of alpha-particle encounter radiation in a real incident. How emitting radioactivity, basic physics of can we best prepare these people to alpha particle interaction with matter, con- make appropriate decisions for protection siderations and consequences of sample of themselves, the public, and property preparation for alpha spectroscopy, alpha during a nuclear emergency? While spectroscopy system components and knowledge of radiation is vital, successful calibrations, and a primer on interpreta- handling of a nuclear incident will be more tion of alpha spectroscopy data. a matter of behavioral responses. Will our best radiation safety training provide 2F Practical Applications of responders with adequate tools and skills Microshield for coping with stress and fears of radia- B. Brown, R. Pierson; CH2MHill tion? Hanford Group, Pacific Northwest Studies in neurosciences show that National Laboratory learning results from the formation of Specific uses of MicroShield(tm) pathways and interconnections among include designing shields and containers, nerve cells called neurons. Stimulation of assessing radiation exposure to people multiple pathways and patterns increases and materials, selecting temporary shield- the potential for optimum learning. The ing for maintenance tasks, inferring

43 source strength from radiation measure- tion of actions with sinister intent as well. ments for waste disposal, minimizing In recognition of these changes, it is exposure to people, and teaching princi- imperative that radiation safety profes- ples of radiation and shielding. These sionals become familiar with the basics of features along with the generation of cus- security to ensure that issues are ade- tom materials and sources require a more quately addressed within the context of in depth understanding of Health Physics this new paradigm. This presentation will and the MicroShield(tm) program to be provide an overview of the security pro- applied correctly. fession from the perspective of a radiation This session will focus on more com- safety professional, specifically address- plex modeling, custom source/shielding ing: the essential differences between materials, and the process of executing safety & security and security & public multiple runs with common detection safety (police); the areas where safety points to provide for more complex analy- and security intersect, especially post sis and modeling. This data can also be 9/11; areas of cooperation, optimization, exported to common spreadsheet soft- and synergy, with specific emphasis on ware for more extensive applications and some basic security issues that can be presentation. Additionally the application incorporated into routine safety consider- of custom source materials as a means of ations; the professional organization that simulating Bremsstrahlung contributions represents the security industry and the will be addressed. Upon completion of associated professional certification in the this session the user will be more familiar field; and examples of useful references with the expanded capabilities of the soft- used in the profession. ware and be better prepared to tackle Ample time will be allotted for ques- more complex applications. tions, answers, and discussion. MicroShield is a registered trade- 2H Transportation Regulations 1 mark of Grove Engineering, Inc. R. Parker; Roy Parker and Associates Attendees are required to bring a laptop Inc. computer. Copies of the Software will be This is a four hour PEP course. The available for use at the session. morning and afternoon sessions are con- 2G Security 101 for Radiation Safety tiguous and not duplicate sessions. Professionals Health Physicists are frequently B. Emery; University of Texas Health involved in shipping radioactive materials Science Center or supervising those who do. Current The tragic events of 9/11 have signif- U.S. Department of Transportation icantly impacted the radiation safety pro- Hazardous Material Regulations, 49 CFR fession. Issues related to security have Parts 171 - 185, require hazmat employ- become a preeminent concern for ees to have documented training speci- employees and management alike, fied in 49 CFR 171 Subpart H. A hazmat potentially overshadowing the importance employee is defined as an individual who: of previously identified safety concerns. (1) loads, unloads or handles hazardous The traditional lines that separated secu- material; (2) manufactures, tests, recondi- rity functions and safety functions have tions, repairs, modifies, marks or other- become blurred. Workplace evaluations wise represents containers, drums or that previously considered the possible packagings as qualified for use in the safety and health implications of the transportation of hazardous materials; (3) actions of well-intended individuals are prepares hazardous materials for trans- now are expected to include considera- 44 portation; (4) is responsible for safety of values in a single table in both Becquerel transporting hazardous materials; or (5) and Curie units. The examination at the operates a vehicle used to transport haz- conclusion will be self graded in the ardous materials. Recurrent training is course and retained by the participant to required at least once every three years. form part of his training documentation. (The IATA specified two year training Certification of course attendance will be interval is not applicable and is generally provided. misunderstood.) FAA has escalated SUNDAY - 2:00-4:00 PM inspection and enforcement. Facilities that ship radioactive materials, return 3A Biomedical Ethics of Human radioactive materials or radioactive Subject Research for the HP sources have been cited and fined by the L. Coronado; National Institutes of FAA for failure to provide and document Health this training. What makes clinical research ethi- The course will cover typical ship- cal? What is the difference between clin- ments by air and highway, and the rela- ical care versus clinical research? What tionship between Title 49, ICAO and IATA regulations, principles, and guidelines requirements. Items such as fissile mate- apply to human subject research? What rials, highway route controlled quantities, defines research? Who is a research rail shipments, vessel shipments and subject? Who are considered vulnerable such will be omitted, although specific populations that require extra protec- questions may be addressed. A major tions? What are these extra protections? objective of the course is to provide the What criteria are used in assessing the process of shipping radioactive material in risk and benefits of a clinical study? How a sequential and logical fashion. about when the study involves ionizing Radioactive material shipments of except- radiation administered solely for research ed packages and Type A packages will be purposes and not for the prospect of emphasized. The new exempt material direct benefit of the subject? What are the activity concentrations and exempt con- considerations in exposing healthy indi- signment activity limits will be presented, viduals to ionizing radiation for research as well as the new international proper objectives? Are there any dose limits? shipping names and UN numbers which What constitutes true informed consent? became mandatory on October 1, 2004. What is the purpose and function of the The program is designed to meet the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)? DOT training requirements, but it is the What role does the Health Physicist (HP), hazmat employer's responsibility to the Radiation Safety Officer (RSO), the ensure that each hazmat employee is Radioactive Drug Research Committee properly trained. It is the hazmat employ- (RDRC) and Radiation Safety Committee er's responsibility to determine the degree (RSC) play in the arena of clinical to which this course meets the employer's research? This PEP course will provide requirements, including contents of the an overview of the historical perspectives, course and the examination. Participants regulatory framework and current chal- will gain sufficient knowledge to prepare lenges of clinical research, tailored for the training programs for others in their insti- Health Physicist. tutions. Handouts will summarize the course. A feature handout is a composite table which provides A1, A2, RQ, Exempt Concentration, and Exempt Consignment

45 3B Uncertainty Assessment in 3C Tritium - Benign Uses for the Only Atmospheric Dispersion Computa- Radioactive Isotope of Hydrogen tions D.J. O’Dou; RAD*Ware, Inc., Thomas E. Sajo; Louisiana State University O’Dou; University of Nevada Las Atmospheric dispersion models Vegas based on elementary statistical theory If you’re not part of the STAR (Safety (such as the Gaussian plume model) and Tritium Applied Research) program at compute time-averaged concentrations at INEEL (Idaho National Engineering and fixed points downwind. It is well-known Environmental Laboratory) or one of sev- that the model predictions are loaded with eral other DOE (Department of Energy) uncertainties. Most often, this is programs involved in research and devel- expressed in terms of factor of validity, but opment for the fusion community, what it may also be shown as a spatial uncer- would you do with several thousand tainty interval about the location of the Curies of Tritium? You could ‘bag’ an elk computed mean. Most of the computer or a mule deer in Colorado or find an exit models, however, including all widely in a dark theatre. In the quieter, non- used NRC and EPA regulatory models, research community, tritium illuminates do not incorporate any type of uncertainty the targeting devices on personal handling, and in most cases they do not weapons, helps us find our way out in warn the user of the fluctuations in the dark environments, and other similar predicted values of dose or local concen- uses. While most of these uses are well tration. In 40 CFR 51 EPA recognizes the known, the ramifications of working with importance of estimating the prediction multiple Curies of tritium are not neces- uncertainties, and it makes it the model- sarily well understood, especially by those er’s responsibility to advise the decision doing the day-to-day handling. As with maker of this fact, and to provide an most organizations that handle radioac- assessment of these uncertainties, both tive materials, a knowledgeable RSO in space and in magnitude, and their (Radiation Safety Officer) is the key to a impact on the evaluation of hazard zones. good Radiation Protection program. What Because EPA does not give guidance on happens to such a program when inade- specific methods of implementation, and quate attention has been provided for the because most regulatory, emergency, programmatic health physics aspects? and release reconstruction models do not Proper controls are required for a safe sanction any uncertainty handling, it is a operational environment for all personnel. serious challenge to meet the spirit of the In examining one such program, we look regulations. This lecture will give an at the procedures required, the level of overview of the fundamentals in uncer- training, how to make individuals aware of tainty estimation both in magnitude and in the reality of radiation safety and their part spatial location of the predicted mean in it, and the necessity of bioassay when concentration. Application of a computer dealing with tritium. code that addresses some of the uncer- 3D Radiation Dose-Response Rela- tainties will be shown. Practical methods tionships and Risk Assessment will be given to assess the uncertainties D. Strom; Pacific Northwest National even when the computer model does not Laboratory provide this information explicitly. The notion of a dose-response rela- tionship was probably invented shortly after the discovery of poisons, the inven-

46 tion of alcoholic beverages, and the bring- 3E Fundamentals of Gamma Spec- ing of fire into a confined space in the for- troscopy gotten depths of ancient prehistory. The D. Upp, D. Van Cleef; ORTEC/ amount of poison or medicine ingested Advanced Measurement Technology, can easily be observed to affect the Inc., Oak Ridge, TN behavior, health, or sickness outcome. This course offers a fast-paced Threshold effects, such as death, could review of the basic principles of gamma be easily understood for intoxicants, med- spectroscopic analysis. The course icine, and poisons. Perhaps less obvious includes a review of the nature and origins is the fact that implicit in such dose- of gamma-emitting radioactivity, basic response relationships is also the notion physics of gamma interaction with matter, of dose rate. Usually, the dose is adminis- consequences of gamma interactions on tered fairly acutely, in a single injection, gamma spectra, gamma spectroscopy pill, or swallow; a few puffs on a pipe; or a system components and calibrations, meal of eating or drinking. The same gamma spectroscopy analysis methods, amount of intoxicants, medicine, or poi- and interpretation of gamma spec- sons administered over a week or month troscopy data. might have little or no observable effect. 3F The Gift of Fear and Survival Thus, before the discovery of ionizing Skills in a Time of Nuclear Terrorism radiation in the late 19th century, toxicolo- R.H. Johnson, Jr.; Radiation Safety gy (“the science of poisons”) and pharma- Academy cology had deeply ingrained notions of Can we learn to fear less as we enter dose-response relationships. This pres- a new era of awareness for terrorism? entation demonstrates that the notion of a The answer is an emphatic, “YES!” We dose-response relationship for ionizing can learn how from best selling author radiation is hopelessly simplistic from a Gavin De Becker’s book, “Fear Less - the scientific standpoint. While useful from a Real Truth about Risk, Safety, and policy or regulatory standpoint, dose- Security in a Time of Terrorism.” Before response relationships cannot possibly 9/11, Americans may have had the illu- convey enough information to describe sion that we were completely safe from the problem from a quantitative view of foreign enemies. While we now know radiation biology, nor can they address that is not true, neither are we completely societal values. The presentation begins vulnerable or powerless. There is much with the concepts, observations, and the- that an average citizen can do to thwart ories that contribute to the scientific input terrorism. Long before detection by to the practice of managing risks from authorities, ordinary American citizens exposure to ionizing radiation. This if fol- may see something suspicious, listen to lowed with a discussion of irradiation their intuition, and risk being wrong by regimes, followed by responses to high notifying authorities. We can influence and low doses of ionizing radiation, and a our own safety, help protect our country, discussion of how all of this can inform and manage our own fears. radiation risk management. The knowl- Violence and fear have always been edge that is really needed for prediction of part of our world and will continue. True individual risk is presented. The presenta- fear is a gift to warn us of the presence of tion ends with conclusions and recom- danger. On the other hand, worries and mendations. anxieties are unwarranted fears manufac- tured from our memory or our imagina-

47 tion. Worry is a way of rehearsing dread- iological studies addressing factors in ed outcomes. Opposite to true fear it these fear reactions. The review is not delays and discourages constructive intended to provide an indepth study in action. Rather than worrying about, psychology; rather it is to make health “Could this happen?” we should ask our- physicists and other technical profession- selves “Will this happen?” or “Is this hap- al more conversant in the forces that pening?” We can reduce unwarranted shape the psychological impact of such fears by 1) when we feel fear or other intu- weapons. Following this review, the itive signal, listen to it. 2) When we do not course will then explore strategies (e.g., feel fear, do not manufacture it. And 3) if training, public relations, outreach we find ourselves worrying, explore and activites, etc.) that provide ways to miti- discover why. We can learn to cope as gate or even eliminate a number of the we learn to trust our intuition of true fear impacts, particularly as they apply to and do not waste our fears on manufac- counterproductive activities that a fright- tured worries. ened public might be prone to engage in. The most effective way to detect and 3H Transportation Regulations 2 deter terrorism is for each of us to R. Parker; Roy Parker and Associates become an “All Eyes” approach to securi- Inc ty. All violent acts have pre-incident indi- See PEP 2H for course information. cators (warning signs) that any of us could observe if we trust our intuition to signal MONDAY - 12:15-2:15 PM when something is questionable or does not seem right. Messengers of intuition M1 New Homeland Security include, nagging feelings, persistent Instrument Performance Standards thoughts, humor, wonder, anxiety, curiosi- M. Johnson; Pacific Northwest ty, hunches, gut feelings, doubt, hesita- National Lab tion, suspicion, apprehension, and fear. During this course, participants will Intuition is knowing without knowing why. become familiar with instrument perform- The opposite is denial which is choosing ance standards recently developed to not to know something even when the address performance requirements for evidence is obvious. Denial is choosing instrumentation used by Department of to ignore survival signals by rationaliza- Homeland Security. Two of the four stan- tion, justification, minimization, excuse dards recently developed will be dis- making, and refusal. We may not be able cussed: ANSI N42.32, American National to stop terrorism, but we can certainly Standard Performance Criteria for learn how to stop the terror. Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for Homeland Security and ANSI N42.33, 3G Psychological Effects of WMD American National Standard for Portable J. Barnes; The Boeing Company,Santa Radiation Detection Instrumentation for Susana Field Laboratory Homeland Security. The presenter will The psychological impact of a terror- spend time discussing test methods used ist attack using a nuclear or radiological to evaluate an instrument performance device is acknowledged to be a major against the criteria in the standards. effect of such an attack. Such impacts Individuals interested in developing a would form a major consideration in an deeper understanding of the require- attack strategy. To understand this ments in these standards and in instru- impact, the course will provide a rapid ments are evaluated will benefit from review of various psychological and phys- attending the course.

48 M2 Advanced MARSSIM Topics (MARSSIM software) will be used to illus- E.W. Abelquist; Oak Ridge Institute for trate the survey designs for these exam- Science and Education ples. Since its publication more than 7 M3 Implementing a Comprehensive years ago, the MultiAgency Radiation Survey Program for a Biomedical Survey and Site Investigation Manual Research Facility (MARSSIM) approach has been used at B. Smith; Radiation Safety Academy a number of D&D sites for designing final A biomedical research facility can status surveys in support of decommis- require security, contamination, and expo- sioning. While a number of these sure surveys of the following areas: MARSSIM applications have been rela- Research laboratories; Corridors; Hot tively straightforward, some have chal- Laboratories; X-ray Machines; lenged the MARSSIM user to seek solu- Cyclotrons; Irradiators; Material tions beyond the simple examples illus- Receipt Areas; Waste Handling Areas. trated in the MARSSIM manual. This The surveys can include compre- course will describe the nature of some hensive laboratory surveys, security practical final status survey examples and checking, inventory tracking, air sampling, will offer possible solutions within the and a bioassay program. MARSSIM framework. The comprehensive laboratory sur- The final status survey design dis- vey includes monitoring laboratories for cussion in this course will include exam- adequate radioactive material manage- ples of how multiple radionuclide contam- ment, security, signage, personnel moni- inants are handled for both building sur- toring, adequate shielding, proper protec- faces and land areas. The strategies for tive clothing/equipment, record keeping, designing surveys when multiple radionu- contamination, adequate survey monitors clides are present employ the use of sur- available, training, adequate fume hood rogate radionuclides, determination of air flow and the proper use of contamina- gross activity DCGLs, and application of tion control procedures. Corridors, the unity rule. One of the more challeng- cyclotrons, irradiators and x-ray machines ing aspects of MARSSIM survey design require surveys specific to these facilities. arises when multiple radionuclides are Hot labs require surveys that are more present in Class 1 survey units. In this sit- involved than the typical comprehensive uation, the MARSSIM user must assess laboratory surveys such as air sampling both the instrument scan MDC and and a bioassay program. Security sur- DCGLEMC for the multiple radionuclides veys require day time, night time and present. Final status survey strategies for weekend inspection. These surveys determining the need for additional soil check for security of equipment, radioac- samples in Class 1 survey units when tive materials and waste and facilities. multiple radionuclides are present will be This presentation will discuss all discussed. aspects of a well designed comprehen- Additional topics in this course will sive program with special emphasis on include 1) double sampling-collecting the more prevalent problems that have additional samples from the survey unit been encountered at a biomedical after the survey unit fails to pass the sta- research facility. It will include many real tistical test, and 2) survey strategies for life scenarios and steps to resolve any alpha and beta contamination on building problems. surfaces. The COMPASS code

49 M4 Dose Reconstruction under preparing sources for counting, nuclear EEOICPA counting, and the determination of and R. Toohey; Oak Ridge Associated reporting of measurement uncertainties. Universities The MARLAP process starts with a Congress passed the Energy directed planning process, such as the Employees Occupational Illness Data Quality Objectives (DQO) process. Compensation Program Act (EEOICPA) Within a directed planning process, key in 2000, and in September, 2002, NIOSH analytical issues based on the project’s awarded a five-year contract to the ORAU particular analytical processes are dis- Team to perform radiation dose recon- cussed and resolved. MARLAP uses the structions to determine compensability for term “analytical protocol specifications” claimants with cancer. As of last Spring, (APSs) to refer to the output of a directed the Team had completed dose recon- planning process that contains the pro- structions for approximately half of the ject’s analytical data requirements in an 18,500 cases referred to NIOSH, and organized, concise form. The resolution developed site profiles for of these key analytical issues produces 14 of the major DOE sites and 8 of the APSs, which include the measure- the Atomic Weapon Employer sites, cov- ment quality objectives (MQOs). The ering about 75% of the cases. The pres- APSs are documented in project plan entation will give an overview of the Act documents (e.g., Quality Assurance and the dose reconstruction process in Project Plans, Sampling and Analysis the first hour, and then present detailed Plans). These requirements are then examples of dose reconstructions in the used as criteria for the selection, develop- second. ment and evaluation of analytical proto- cols, and also for the evaluation of the M5 Introduction to MARLAP: Part I resulting laboratory data. A statement of C.V. Gogolak; USDHS/EML work (SOW) is then developed that con- The MARLAP Manual, now final- tains the APSs. The laboratories receiv- ized, is a multi-agency consensus guid- ing the SOW respond with proposed ana- ance document intended for project plan- lytical protocols based on the require- ners, managers, and laboratory person- ments of the APSs and provide evidence nel to ensure that radioanalytical laborato- that the proposed protocols meet the per- ry data will meet a project's or a program's formance criteria in the APSs. The pro- data requirements. The manual offers a posed analytical protocols are initially framework for a performance-based evaluated by the project manager or approach to achieving data requirements designee to determine if they will meet the that is both scientifically rigorous and flex- requirements in the APSs. If the pro- ible enough to be applied to diverse proj- posed analytical protocols are accepted, ects and programs. MARLAP is organ- the project plan documents are updated ized into two parts. Part I, the subject of by the inclusion or referencing of the actu- this session, provides the basic frame- al analytical protocols to be used. During work of the directed planning process as analyses, resulting sample and QC data it applies to projects requiring radioanalyt- will be evaluated primarily using MQOs ical data for decision making. Part II pro- from the respective APSs. Once the vides guidance and information on the analyses are completed, an evaluation of activities performed at radioanalytical lab- the data will be conducted, including data oratories, including sample preparation, verification, data validation, and data qual- sample dissolution, chemical separations, ity assessment with the respective MQOs

50 serving as criteria for evaluation. The role the demonstration of the effectiveness (or of the APSs (particularly the MQOs, which ineffectiveness) of the various methods. make up an essential part of the APSs) in Some humor is also included along the the selection, development, and evalua- way. Describing the Red Bead tion of the analytical protocols and the lab- Experiment has all the dangers of writing oratory data is to provide a critical link a good movie review. One does not want between the three phases of the data life to give out the complete plot line in the cycle of a project. This linkage helps to description. Suffice it to say that at the end ensure that radioanalytical laboratory data of the experiment, a Statistical Process will meet a project’s data requirements, Control chart is utilized to examine the and that the data are of known quality results of the experiment. What is discov- appropriate for their intended use. ered is that several of the actions taken This course will emphasize the (which are commonly seen every day in overall MARLAP project planning the workplace) were detrimental to the process, the linkage of Data Quality employees and the workplace, and had Objective to Measurement Quality no improving effect on the process. The Objectives, and in particular how the concluding comments point out the haz- required method uncertainty can be used ards of misuse of performance data, and to implement the MARLAP process. how to properly use performance data in a quality environment in order to achieve TUESDAY - 12:15-2:15 PM continual improvement. At Department of Energy presentations, the Red Bead T1 Red Bead Experiment experience is reviewed in the context of S. Prevette; Fluor Hanford, Inc. the Guiding Principles and Core The “Red Bead Experiment” was an Functions of the Integrated Environment, interactive teaching tool that Dr. Deming Safety and Health Management System made use of in his four-day seminars. In (ISMS). the experiment, a corporation is formed from “willing workers”, quality control per- T2 Impact of Cellular and Molecular sonnel, a data recorder, and a foreman. Responses to Low Doses of Ionizing The corporation’s product is white beads, Radiation on Radiation Risk which are produced by dipping a paddle A. Brooks; Washington State into a supply of beads. The paddle has 50 University Tri-Cities holes in it, and each hole will hold one Radiation risk estimates are based bead. Unfortunately, there are not only on the linear-no-threshold hypothesis white beads in the bead supply, but some (LNTH). Basic to this hypothesis is that defective red beads. The production of the response for radiation-induced dam- the beads is strictly controlled by an age is the same per unit of exposure approved procedure. Various techniques regardless of the total radiation dose. are used to ensure a quality (no red bead) This suggests that the mechanisms of product. There are quality control inspec- action to induce these responses are the tors, feedback to the workers, merit pay same at high and low radiation doses. for superior performance, performance New cellular and molecular biological appraisals, procedure compliance, research has indicated that there are posters and quality programs. The fore- unique responses to both high and low man, quality control, and the workers all doses of radiation. For example, it is pos- put forth their best efforts to produce a sible to detect changes in gene regulation quality product. The experiment allows that vary as a function of dose. One set

51 of genes responds to low doses of radia- aspects of system design are the same at tion and a different set to high doses. any facility. Therefore, I will discuss the These different sets of genes are both up- design, development, and deployment of and down-regulated by the radiation a radiation safety computer system that exposure. It has also been demonstrated primarily is useful for a large biomedical that following low doses of radiation there research facility, but could be adapted to are persistent changes in the oxidative smaller facilities. The application includes status of cells. These oxidative changes screens for entering and viewing data, determine differentiation outcome and generation of a variety of reports, and an phenotypic expression. Cell/cell and extensive database. The application has cell/matrix communication can also con- an Oracle backend database and uses trol the fate of the cells. Such changes Oracle Forms and Oracle Reports to dis- suggest that cellular alterations and play and print data. These forms and potential risk may not be completely reports can be accessed via an internal dependent on mutations or chromosome intranet and the internet using virtual pri- damage. These molecular observations vate network. form the basis for studying phenotypic The development of a radiation safe- changes observed at low doses such as ty computer system must go through the “bystander effects”, “adaptive responses” following stages: Write a and genomic instability”. Understanding Design/Management Plan; Develop an these phenotypic changes are the first entity/relationship diagram; Identify steps in making predictions concerning screen layouts and reports; Chose an radiation risk as a function of radiation Operating System & Database Software; dose and dose-rate. Molecular switches Develop a Database System; Validate the involved in many of these processes are System; Deploy the System; Develop a activated at low doses, become dose- Quality Control Approach; independent at intermediate doses and The database can include all or part may be inactivated at high doses. Such of the following radiation safety functions, studies result in observation of unique such as: Personnel information for non-linear responses and suggest that radioactive material users, authorized the LNTH is not an adequate hypothesis users, nurses, animal handlers, x-ray for explaining the relationship between technicians, etc.; Training of personnel; the biological changes, the radiation dose Laboratory status, assignments, and sur- and the risk associated with that radiation. vey schedule; Survey results for laborato- This research was supported by the ries; Radioactive material inventory and Office of Science (BER), U. S. disposition; Sealed source status and sur- Department of Energy, through Grant No. veys; Radiation meter location, status, DE-FG04-99ER62787 to Washington and calibration; Air sample collections; State University Tri-Cities. Bioassays requests and results; Hot labo- ratory usage; Protocol applications; T3 How to Develop a Radiation Radioactive waste processing; X-ray unit Safety Computer System calibrations; Enforcement tracking; B. Smith; Radiation Safety Academy Laboratory security checks. If you were designing a radiation This presentation discusses the safety database for a large or small facili- capability of the computer system to mon- ty, where would you start? What would itor, track, and schedule all aspects of you include in the design? What would radiation safety procedures at a large or be its purpose or purposes? Many small facility. The application should also

52 be flexible enough to be modified when and III. Volume II (Chapters 10 through 17 needed to include any new radiation safe- and Appendix F) covers most of the activ- ty requirements or changes to current ities performed at radioanalytical laborato- requirements. The discussion also ries, from field and sampling issues that includes special emphasis regarding easy affect laboratory measurements through to use data entry techniques and develop- waste management. Volume III (Chapters ment of useful reports. 18 through 20 and Appendix G) covers laboratory quality control, measurement T4 Introduction to MARLAP: Part 2 uncertainty and detection and quantifica- C.V. Gogolak; USDHS/EML tion capability. Each volume includes a MARLAP is divided into two main table of contents, list of acronyms and parts. Part I provides guidance on imple- abbreviations, and a complete glossary of menting the MARLAP process as terms. described in the abstract to the Because of the emphasis on MQOs Introduction to MARLAP: Part I course. and method uncertainty in Part I, this That part of the manual focuses on the course will concentrate on the correspon- sequence of steps involved when using a ding technical issues involving laboratory performance-based approach for projects quality assurance, the estimation of requiring radioanalytical laboratory work uncertainty, and limits of detection. starting with a directed planning process Internationally recognized standards from and ending with DQA. Part II of the man- ISO GUM and their NIST counterparts will ual provides information on the laboratory be explained using examples. Software analysis of radionuclides to support a per- developed for implementing these stan- formance-based approach. Part II pro- dards will be demonstrated. This Material vides guidance and information on the is primarily contained in Volume III of various activities performed at radioana- MARLAP lytical laboratories, such as sample preparation, sample dissolution, chemical T5 ICRP 60 Lung Model separations, preparing sources for count- H. Cember ing, nuclear counting, etc. The primary WEDNESDAY - 12:15-2:15 PM audience for Part II is expected to be tech- nical laboratory personnel. Using the W1 Emerging Issues Related to overall framework provided in Part I, the Radiation Litigation material in Part II can be used to assist D. Poland; LaFollette Godfrey & Kahn project planners, managers, and labora- The class will discuss recent cases tory personnel in the selection, develop- and judicial opinions involving allegations ment, evaluation, and implementation of of physical injury or damage to property analytical protocols for a particular project caused by releases of radioactive materi- or program. The interaction of the project als to the environment. Tthe issues and manager and the laboratory can be facili- judicial opinions that will be covered tated by a mutual understanding of the include the legal standards for determin- key MARLAP terms and processes ing whether any particular exposure was described in Part I. the cause of a particular injury; the differ- Because of its length, the printed ences between state and federal law version of MARLAP is bound in three vol- (through the Price-Anderson Act) on cau- umes. Volume I (Chapters 1 through 9 sation issues; the type of proof that courts and Appendices A through E) contains permit in determining causation (e.g., epi- Part I. Part II is split between Volumes II demiology versus “differential diagnosis”);

53 and whether courts will permit recovery and geochemical properties of the most for plaintiffs who claim exposure but have common NORM elements (U, Th, K) and, not yet manifested any disease (so-called with this knowledge, we will discover how, “medical monitoring” claims). The course and why certain minerals and regions are will cover three or four different recent richer in NORM than others. Finally, we lawsuits and discuss issues addressed in will examine a few particularly instructive each. case studies involving NORM. W2 Pharmaceutical Radiation W4 Leading with Leading Indicators Countermeasures S. Prevette; Fluor Hanford, Inc. A. Ansari; Centers for Disease Control This paper documents Fluor and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Hanford’s application of Leading A number of pharmaceuticals have Indicators, management leadership, and received approval from the Food and statistical methodology in planning and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in decision making. These methods have response to nuclear or radiological improved safe performance of D&D work events. These pharmaceuticals are now at the Hanford site. These safety part of the Strategic National Stockpile improvements were achieved during a (SNS) and include potassium iodide (KI), period of transition to D&D. diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) Leadership, Leading Indicators, sta- and Prussian blue. A number of other tistical methodology, and worker-supervi- products have also made the news as sor teaming are playing a key role in safe- “anti-radiation” drugs. It is important for ty and quality at what has been called the health physicists to be familiar with these world’s largest environmental cleanup current FDA approved drugs and other project. The U.S. Department of Energy’s radiation countermeasures that have (DOE) Hanford Site played a pivotal role recently received some publicity. This in the nation’s defense beginning in the course will provide an overview of poten- 1940s when it was established as part of tial benefits and limitations of these phar- the Manhattan Project. After more than maceuticals in the context of response to 50 years of producing nuclear weapons nuclear or radiological events. Hanford, which covers 580 square miles in southeastern Washington state, is now W3 NORM: Geologic Origins and focused on three outcomes: Some Case Studies 1. Restoring the Columbia River cor- A. Karam; Rochester Institute of ridor for multiple uses. Technology 2. Transitioning the central plateau to We all know that NORM can be a support long-term waste management. problem, and we even have a reasonable 3. Putting DOE assets to work for the idea that NORM is often associated with future. particular industries - titanium, coal, petro- The integration of data, leadership, leum, and others. However, most health and teamwork pays off with more efficient physicists are not as aware of the geolog- cleanup, better safety performance and ic origins of NORM, so we often lack an higher credibility with the customer. understanding of why some minerals (or Specific management theories covering other geologic materials) are more likely Systems Thinking from Deming, Senge, to cause NORM problems than others. In and Ackoff have been applied to Fluor this PEP, we will discuss the geological Hanford’s operations. The U.S. OSHA Voluntary Protection Program has been

54 an effective method to focus manage- ment leadership and employee involve- ment in the D&D effort. The use of Statistical Process Control, Pareto Charts, and Systems Thinking and their effect on management decisions and employee involvement are discussed. Included are practical examples of choosing leading indicators and how they apply to risk reduction. A new, statistically based color- coded dashboard presentation system methodology is provided. This new dash- board methodology provides strong ben- efits over traditional “rainbow” charts while maintaining the direct and simple mes- sage of red, yellow, and green color codes. These tools, management theo- ries and methods, coupled with involved leadership and employee efforts, directly led to significant improvements in worker safety and health, and environmental pro- tection and restoration at one of the nation’s largest nuclear cleanup sites. W5 Selection, Use, And Calibration of Portable Survey Instruments G. Komp; US Army This course is will practical training for personnel on the selection and use of portable survey instrumentation. This course will discuss the basic types of portable survey instrumentation with the emphasis on selecting the correct instru- ment for the type of survey being per- formed. Strengths and weaknesses of various survey instrumentation will be dis- cussed. This course will also discuss ANSI Standards such as N323, N42-17, and the new ANSI standards for Homeland Security. Discussion will include applicability of these standards and how they can be used to enhance the accuracy of the radiation survey being performed.

55 Continuing Education Lectures Monday, July 11 through Thursday, July 14, 2005 - 7:00-8:00 AM Included in Registration Fee CEL1 Status of the Use of Internal materials. Compton scattering is the primary Emitters in Medical Therapy interaction mechanism in plastic scintillator M. Stabin, Vanderbilt University material, resulting in a lack of full-energy Nuclear medicine therapy is used peaks in the spectra. Radiation responses increasingly in the treatment of cancer, from plastic scintillator material are therefore including thyroid cancer, leukemia and lym- typically used in a gross-counting mode, phoma with radioimmunotherapy (RIT), pri- where the responses are not binned by ener- mary and secondary bone malignancies, gy but simply summed up. and neuroblastomas. The use of internal In vehicle screening there can be emitters, specifically targeted to diseased tis- gross-count alarms due to legitimate ship- sues, is resulting in significant benefits in the ments. These can be often categorized as treatment of many diseases. Both electron either naturally occurring radioactive materi- and alpha emitters are being used in a vari- als (NORM) or medical sources. Energy ety of new approaches to the fight against windowing is a technique to utilize the limited cancer, and positive responses have been energy information from the Compton con- recorded in many patient populations, result- tinuum to reject NORM and reduce these ing in the commercial development of new nuisance type alarms. With energy window- approved agents and techniques. The high- ing, the detector pulses produced from inci- est rates of success are seen with traditional dent radiation interactions are binned in sev- NaI therapy against hyperthroidism and thy- eral energy bins or windows. Issues relating roid cancer, but significant gains are being to energy windowing such as the optimal seen in the treatment of bone and marrow numbers and limits of the energy windows cancers, and some novel targeting strate- have been investigated. Several different gies and radionuclides are being proposed metrics of the energy windowing algorithm for other cancers. The use of high LET emit- have been compared as well as the effects ters, including alpha and Auger electron on the detection efficiency of the system. emitters, is also on the increase in newly pro- Background suppression issues with vehicle posed regimens. A general overview of a portal monitoring have been quantified in the number of these promising technologies and energy windowing method. some results will be given, with emphasis on Other applications of this technique the radiation dose calculations needed to would be useful in any search scenario ensure their safe use. where NORM material may result in an increase in the total radiation signature, but CEL2 Energy Windowing Algorithms are not the isotopes targeted in the search. for Border Security Applications For example a handheld instrument with J. Ely; Pacific Northwest National background calibration outside a building will Laboratory register an increase of count rate upon enter- Radiation portal monitors are being ing the building due to building materials, and used in homeland security applications to this increase may be discriminated against screen vehicles for illicit movement of using the energy windowing method. radioactive material. Plastic scintillator mate- An overview of energy windowing, its rial is typically used for the gamma detector applications, and the results of the energy material due to the relatively good detection windowing studies will be discussed. efficiency per unit cost compared to other

56 CEL3 Quehanna Facility D&D Project Richfield Co. (ARCO) who installed a large – “the Rest of the Story” cobalt-60 irradiator in the empty reactor pool, D.J. Allard, CHP; Bureau of Radiation and soon began to perform gamma irradia- Protection tion work. A spin off company in the late The Pennsylvania Department of 1970s acquired the ARCO assets and com- Environmental Protection (DEP) Bureau of mercialized an irradiated wood product, Radiation Protection (BRP) has provided while occupying the facility as a tenant until management and technical support to sev- late 2002, when they declared bankruptcy eral other state agencies for the decommis- and abandoned the 90,000 curie Co-60 irra- sioning and decontamination (D&D) of the diator. In the late 1980s NRC required the Quehanna research reactor and hot cell facility cleanup, characterization began in the facilities since the late 1960s, when Penn early 1990s, state funds were budgeted, and State University donated the facility to the a contractor (NES, now Scientech) was Commonwealth. The Quehanna facility tasked with onsite D&D work. That work D&D was an extremely challenging cleanup begun in 1998. The Quehanna project is project, with numerous impediments to over- now nearly complete, and has involved: come and lessons learned. The facility is removal of 2,000 Ci of Co-60 pellets and located in the Quehanna Wild Area near sources of unknown origin from two hot cells; State College, and was initially constructed underground tank and soil removal; over- by Curtis-Wright (C-W) for nucleonics head hot cell containment construction; research in 1955. C-W had a pool-type development and deployment of a $1 million research reactor and “service area” with six advanced robot to dismantle the confined hot cells for various R&D work. The federal interior of hot cell 4; an emergency removal government supported research programs of 90,000 Ci of Co-60 by EPA; decontamina- at this facility for advanced jet engines and a tion and removal of the hot cell shielding and nuclear powered aircraft. C-W shut down building structures; extensive facility decon their R&D operations circa 1960 and donat- and survey work; and, packaging and ship- ed the facility to Penn State, which was ment of significant volumes of low-level beginning their own nuclear engineering pro- radioactive waste. The objective was to gram. However, decisions were made to de- clean up the legacy Sr-90 radioactive mate- fuel the reactor in the early 1960s, and the rial contamination at the Quehanna facility to service area was rented to Martin-Marietta “unrestricted release” levels so the license (M-M), who had a contract with the Atomic can be terminated and buildings safely dis- Energy Commission (AEC) for space mantled. Total cleanup cost was over $25 nuclear auxiliary power (SNAP) generator million of dollars. This presentation reviews production. The M-M AEC license for the a very complicated D&D project, the obsta- SNAP generator work included a posses- cles that were dealt with, and provides sev- sion limit for six million curies of strontium-90. eral key lessons learned. As a result, the service area hot cell portion CEL4 Top Ten Reasons Why Health of the facility was contaminated with Sr-90, Physicists Might Fail As Expert and in particular, a large internal steel Witnesses - A CEL Primer for Expert process box with several contaminated Witnesses and Potential Expert tanks and a maze of piping was left inside hot Witnesses cell 4. In 1999, the radiological conditions R. Johnson, Schmeltzer, Aptaker & inside hot cell 4 were found to be excessive, Shepard, P.C. with a high potential for an airborne release Health physicists and radiation profes- of Sr-90 during any dismantlement. In the sionals must apply rigorous and well-accept- late 1960s the facility was rented to Atlantic

57 ed scientific methods to often novel situa- employer should identify and thoroughly tions. Their work and opinions must with- understand how its strategic goals are tied to stand the scrutiny of their peers, and often, of essential employee job functions. Then, regulatory bodies. The work done by health each individual function should be analyzed physicists who participate in litigation or reg- to ensure that the employee understands, ulatory proceedings as expert witnesses rather than assumes, the processes and must also meet these same professional quantitative measurement targets corre- standards. Further, expert witness health sponding to that function. The following ele- physicists must also be able to present their ments are key PR features that will be cov- complex work and opinions to lay people in ered in this class: easy-to-understand terms, helping them to * When PRs work and do not work. understand some technical aspect of a case. * Efficient collection of information to All of this must be accomplished often on an report necessary expedited basis, and in some instances, feedback. without the resources and information nec- * Formulating essential aspects of the essary for the job, all the while negotiating a job description. process that is foreign to the expert witness’ * Establishing goals set for the period usual scientific process. This presentation being reviewed. examines the work of several radiation * Providing for flexibly with issues expert witnesses in a number of cases, and beyond the job discusses this work in the context of the tech- description. nical and legal requirements that apply to * Penalties for not achieving agreed- such work. These real-life examples of upon goals. methods and techniques used by expert wit- * Providing a time period for change. nesses should help other health physicists * Setting goals for the coming period. and radiation professionals appreciate how This analysis ensures that the PR scientific expertise is needed and used in the accurately covers all of the essential job func- courtroom, and also make them effective tions being performed that are important to expert witnesses should they have the the employer and employee. opportunity. CEL6 Extreme Uncertainty: When Dose Reconstruction Becomes CEL5 Employer Strategies and the Doswaggery Employee Performance Review D.Strom; Pacific Northwest National J.M. Hylko; WESKEM, LLC Laboratory An employee performance review (PR) Health physicists often use the term can be short or long, complicated or simple, "dosimetry" for any process that produces a top-down or horizontal and encompass 360 number in dose-like units such as roentgens, degrees of feedback. But are PRs per- rads, rems, coulombs per kilogram, grays, or formed or even effective? Performance sieverts. Not all such "doses" are created reviews are strongly related to developing a equal in terms of representativeness of dep- system of accountability for both employer osition of ionizing radiation energy in living tis- and employee. The PR system succeeds sue. Nor are such doses created equal in when this accountability is shared, such that terms of uncertainty. This presentation delin- the employer’s strategic business plan is in eates the various measurements that can be alignment with the employee’s goals. As a made and used as inputs to dosimetry. Such result, communication between employer measurements include observation of bio- and employee becomes crucial for establish- logical response (e.g., erythema, chromo- ing and maintaining a PR system. An 58 some aberrations), calorimetry, cloud cham- CEL8 Workplace Investigation of bers, film blackening, appearance or sound Cause: A Case Study of bubbles in superheated liquids, analysis of R. Jones; Pacific Northwest National activation or fission product yield, scintilla- Laboratory tions Cerenkov radiation (light), thermolumi- A workplace investigation of cause was nescence (TL) or optically stimulated lumi- initiated after uranium was detected in a nescence (OSL), observation of radiation worker’s routine urinalysis. This presentation damage (e.g., chemically etching damage in is a case study, stepping the audience film, radiochromic changes, thermal and through the actual investigation. In the electrical conductivity changes), chemical process, a bit of science and art are discov- changes as quantitated by light absorption or ered. Audience participation is encouraged. nuclear magnetic resonance, measurement of electric charge or current in solids (Ge and Si), liquids, or gases such as xenon, P10, or air. Often other measurements are used, such as kilovoltage, tube current, and expo- sure time in x-ray exposures, or radioactive source strength, distance, and time in area. This presentation explores uncertainty asso- ciated with the inference of doses from measurements. The terms "dosimetry," "dosinference," and "doswaggery" in the interest of separating real measurements of dose from those dominated by assumptions or even scientific guesses.

CEL7 The Natural Nuclear Reactor at Oklo: How it Works and What it Means A. Karam; Rochester Institute of Technology About 2 billion years ago, geology formed a natural nuclear reactor in what is now the nation of Gabon, in West Africa. The Oklo reactor seems to have operated for hundreds of thousands of years, producing enough heat to boil water and intermittently shutting the reactor down. Recent studies have helped to understand how the reactor was formed, how it operated, and how much power it produced. They have also shown that the fission products have remained in place for nearly two billion years, in spite of the nearly constant presence of water and heavily fractured sandstone surrounding the deposit. The implications of these findings on long-term radioactive waste disposal will be discussed as well as the geology and physics behind the Oklo reactor. 59 2005 Exhibit Hall Floorplan

60 2005 Exhibitors 2006 ANNUAL MEETING BOOTH: 109 ARROW-TECH INC. BOOTH: 313 PROVIDENCE, RI BERKELEY BOOTH: 103 2006 MIDYEAR MEETING BOOTH: 111 NUCLEONICS CORP. SCOTTSDALE, AZ Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation (BNC) is a leading manufacturer of precision AAHP/ABHP BOOTH: 121 electronic instrumentation for test, measure- AEA TECHNOLOGY BOOTHS: 308, 310 ment and nuclear research since 1963. QSA, INC. BNC’s flagship product for the Health AEA Technology QSA offers high quali- Physics community is the Model 935 SAM, ty products for the calibration of radiation the latest in portable gamma spectroscopy, measurement instruments used in medical providing laboratory style qualitative meas- and industrial applications. The Isotrak prod- urements in-situ. uct includes: Gd-153 line sources for BNC has also recently introduced a SPECT, Ge-68 Sources for PET, C-Trak suite of belt clipped radiation meters for first Gamma Probe for SNL Diagnostics. Co-57 responders. The palmRAD & nukeALERT sources for Gamma Camera checking. meters are small, rugged, and the most sen- Custom made sources. State of the art elec- sitive in the marketplace. tronic personal dosimeter DoseGuard, BERTHOLD BOOTH: 407 AktivLab set for basic training on radioactivi- TECHNOLOGIES ty. Berthold Technologies offers a variety of ALPHA SPECTRA, INC. BOOTH: 209 instruments for radiation protection applica- Alpha Spectra, Inc. manufactures tions including: contamination monitors, gamma-ray detectors for health physics, does rate monitors, various air (gas and par- academic, industrial, medical and explo- ticulate) and liquid monitors. ration applications. Scintillation materials CANBERRA BOOTHS: 229, 231, 233, used include most of the common phospho- 328, 330, 332 rs e.g. NaI(T1), BGO, plastic, etc. Canberra is the world’s leading supplier AMERICAN NUCLEAR BOOTH: 230 of analytical instruments, systems and serv- SOCIETY ices for radiation measurement. “The whole is greater than the sum of its Applications for Canberra offerings include parts." By becoming a member of ANS, you health physics, nuclear power operations, advance the nuclear cause. ANS' 10,500 Radiation Monitoring Systems (RMS), members together represent a strong, uni- nuclear safeguards, nuclear waste manage- fied voice in the support of nuclear science ment, environmental radiochemistry and and technology. Complete information on other areas. ANS activities and benefits can be found on The new Canberra has the broadest the ANS web site: www.ans.org. array of Health Physics capabilities in the industry. HP related products include a full ANALYTICS, INC. BOOTH: 210 range of gamma and alpha spectroscopy Analytics provides custom NIST-trace- equipment, personnel contamination moni- able radioactivity standards for calibration of tors, hand held survey instruments for alpha, alpha, beta, x-ray and gamma-ray counting beta, gamma and neutron measurement, systems. Radiochemical performance eval- whole body counters and area monitors. uation samples are provided quarterly for The company also offers a full range of serv- effluent and environmental monitoring pro- ices including repair and maintenance, train- grams. ing and expert data review. 61 CHASE ENVIRONMENTAL BOOTH: 306 and airflow calibration systems as well as GROUP INC. consumables, accessories and calibration Radioactive and mixed waste broker- services. age, processing and disposal. Radioactive FEMTO-TECH, INC. BOOTH: 700 and chemical hazard remediation and Manufacturer of continuous air and decomissioning. Sealed source recovery/ process radiation instrumentation. recycle service available. FLUKE BOOTHS: 220, 222 CLEAN HARBORS BOOTH: 712 BIOMEDICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC Victoreen, Nuclear Associates and Clean Harbors, Inc. is North America’s Global Calibration Laboratory are all includ- leading provider of environmental and haz- ed in the Syncor Radiation Management ardous waste management services. Clean Organization and are committed to continue Harbors owns and operates 48 waste man- to design, manufacture and distribute elec- agement facilities, including 9 landfills, 5 tronic instrumentation for the detection and incineration facilites, and 7 waste water treat- measurement of ionizing radiation. Survey ment centers. The company provides serv- meters include alpha, beta, gamma and ices to 45,000 customers, including the neutron along with Area and Process moni- majority of fortune 500 companies and tors and the popular Universal Digital numerous government agencies. Ratemeter for nuclear power and environ- DADE MOELLER BOOTH: 228 mental monitoring. Featured new products & ASSOCIATES include the colorful Model 451 series of ion Dade Moeller & Associates is an award- chambers with Excel software application. winning, employee-owned small business The new Model 990 will be introduced at this specializing in occupational and environ- show. The Global Calibration Laboratory mental health sciences. We provide profes- offers an industry-first 24X7 same day turn- sional consulting services for assessing, pre- around. venting, and controlling harmful exposures FOSS THERAPY BOOTH: 412 from radiation and hazardous substances SERVICES, INC. that affect workers, the public and the envi- FTS began operations in 1988. Our ronment. capabilities now include installation, servicing DURATEK, INC. BOOTH: 329 and decommissioning of research and blood D&D of facilities, characterization, irradiators, as well as source calibration facil- waste processing, HP support, training, ities. New systems also available. We also waste transportation, emergency provide source/device recycling. response, radiation instruments. FRAMEWORK SCIENTIFIC BOOTH: 716 EBERLINE SERVICES BOOTH: 331 Framework Scientific is a highly dynam- Radiological services including radio- ic company involved in the development of chemistry and mixed waste analyses; radio- advanced cutting edge scientific instrumen- logical control; radiological survey and map- tation and software, with an emphasis on ping; characterization and waste manage- radiation measurements. ment. We are pleased to introduce our Acoustical Bubble Counter ABC 1260, a F&J SPECIALTY BOOTH: 205 state of the art neutron detector designed for PRODUCTS, INC. the superheated drop (bubble) detector tech- IS0 9001: 2000 certified manufacturer nology pioneered at Yale University. The unit of microprocessor controlled air sampling offers: High Neutron sensitivity; Dose equiv-

62 alent response; Photon discrimination; combination filter holders, and complete Digital Active counting; Standard PC inter- stack/fume hood sampling systems includ- face; Optional High Z kit for enhanced high- ing the Shrouded Probe designed per ANSI energy response to several hundred MeV; N13.1 1999. Programmable dose rate alarms; Network HOPEWELL BOOTH: 304 connectivity. Web Site: www.framesci.com DESIGNS, INC. GAMMA PRODUCTS, INC. BOOTH: 207 Hopewell Designs, Inc. manufactures Mini T counting system. irradiator calibration systems for radiation detection instruments and personnel GENERAL ATOMICS BOOTH: 718 dosimetry. Systems may be manual, or ELEC. SYSTEMS automated depending on the customers GENERAL ENGINEERING BOOTH: 312 requirements. Our product line also encom- LABS, LLC passes x-ray inspection systems, lead GEL provides the nuclear industry with shielding, and mechanical positioning sys- radiochemistry and analytical chemistry. Our tems. major programs include, Bioassey, REMP- HPS HISTORY BOOTH: 125 RETS, 10CFR61, RERA-ENVIRACORE, COMMITTEE and environmental analysis. IHPS PUBLICATIONS/ LOBBY, GLOBAL BOOTHS: 219, 221 STANDARDS CONVENTION CENTER DOSIMETRY SOLUTIONS, INC Global Dosimetry Solutions, Inc. offers ILLINOIS INSTITUTE BOOTH: 501 a wide range of services for measuring ion- OF TECHNOLOGY izing radiation. GDS utilizes film, thermolumi- Illinois Institute of Technology offers an nescient, and track etch technologies. GDS internet program leading to Master’s Degree is accredited NVLAP in the US and is an in Health Physics. No thesis required. approved dosimetry service in Canada and ISA CORPORATION BOOTH: 414 the UK. Gloves, Shoecovers HEALTH PHYSICS BOOTH: 215 ISOTOPE PRODUCTS BOOTH: 410 INSTRUMENTS LABORATORIES Health Physics Instruments manufac- Isotope Products Laboratories is a tures instruments and devices that measure NIST traceable laboratory supplying radioac- gamma, neutron, beta, and alpha radiation. tive standards, sources and nuclides for The line includes portable Geiger-counters counting room use, instrument calibration through sophisticated fixed monitors, Rem and environmental monitoring, specializing meters, and multichannel analyzers. HPI in custom requirements. has been serving the Health Physics com- munity for over 30 years. J. L. SHEPHERD BOOTH: 224 & ASSOCIATES HI-Q ENVIRONMENTAL BOOTH: 319 Gamma, beta and neutron instru- PRODUCTS CO. ment calibration and dosimeter irradiation Hi-Q Environmental Products facilities, gamma research irradiators, Company has been a leading Manufacturer process irradiators, and blood component of Air Sampling Equipment, Systems & irradiators with remote local. Source/ Accessories since 1973. Our product line device decommissioning. includes: Continuous duty high & low volume air samplers, air flow calibrators, radioiodine sampling cartridges, collection filter paper,

63 K & S ASSOCIATES BOOTH: 401 license and planning/implementation of a K & S is an accredited calibration labo- compliant and comprehensive radiation pro- ratory for survey instruments, dosimetry, tection program. brachy therapy, diagnostic instruments and MGP INSTRUMENTS BOOTHS: 318, 320 patient dose management software. MGP Instruments designs, develops, LAB IMPEX BOOTH: 204 markets and supports operational survey SYSTEMS LTD. equipment and measurement systems in Stack and area monitoring sys- order to protect people, facilites and the envi- tems for aerosol, gas and liquid effluent ronment against technological hazards and measurement applications. threats. LANCS BOOTHS: 105,107 MJW CORPORATION INC. BOOTH: 120 INDUSTRIES MJW Corporation Inc. provides a vari- Lancs Industries manufactures ety of radiological consulting services as well containments, tents, glovebags, pro- as innovative software solutions for health tective clothing and lead shielding. physics and other technical industries. Lancs specializes in fabricating custom MJW’s software line brings state-of-the-art designed items to prevent contamina- applications to health physics, nuclear relat- tion in radiological work environments. ed fields, and all aspects of emergency pre- paredness, disaster recovery, asset man- LANDAUER INCBOOTHS: 411, 413, 415, agement and pre-risk mitigation. The 510, 512, 514 Radiological Division of MJW is a profession- Landauer is the nation’s leading al consulting firm specializing in radiological provider of personnel radiation dosimetry and health physics services for private indus- services. New OSL technology, Luxel(r) try and government agencies. Collaboration dosimeter, measures x-ray, beta and between the multimedia and radiological gamma radiation along with neutron detec- divisions keeps MJW on the front line of flour- tion capabilities. NVLAP accredited. ishing technological progress. Check out our Landauer offers a full range of reports, updated product page at http://www.mjw- ALARA aids, interactive computer systems, corp.com or call us toll-free at 1-888-MJW- dosimetry management PC software and CORP for more information. other related services. Aurion operational dosimetry service combines the Internet and NEXTEP BOOTH: 129 cutting edge DIS technology to help control ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. exposure. NEXTEP Environmental, Inc. (NEXTEP) was founded in 1996 by LUDLUM BOOTHS: 201, 203 principals with extensive experience MEASUREMENTS, INC. working in the nuclear industry to pro- Ludlum, a manufacturer, will be display- vide strategic planning, project man- ing portable and laboratory instrumentation agement, and technical support servic- used to detect and measure nuclear radia- es for the highly regulated nuclear tion. industry. NEXTEP offers a team of MACTEC BOOTH: 131 qualified personnel with a proven MACTEC - protecting the workforce, record of success and excellent work- the public, and the environment from the ing relationships with the NRC and harmful effects of ionizing and non-ionizing state radiological agencies and their radiation; meeting federal and/or state regu- licensees. NEXTEP has developed latory requirements; and minimizing the risk sophisticated database and dose mod- of liability demands through use of our NRC 64 eling systems to support our clients. ORTEC BOOTHS: 301, 303, 400, 402 Active projects emphasize a unified ORTEC is a global supplier and approach to all radiological survey data world leader in the design and manu- collected at the site integrated with the facture of nuclear detection instrumen- latest in GIS mapping technology and tation including the latest in mechanical automated waste manifesting and cooling technologies for Germanium reporting modules. gamma-ray detectors. Stop by our booth to see the latest in solutions for NRRPT BOOTH: 123 Homeland Security including an LN2- NSSI BOOTH: 321 free portable detector as well as an Radioactive, hazardous, and mixed array of systems for radiochemistry waste treatment. Tritium recovery. laboratory applications. Treatment of high hazard chemicals, gases, OSHA - HPS ALLIANCE BOOTH: 714 and radioactives. The OSHA - HPS Alliance focuses on NUCLEAR BOOTH: 706 enhancing workplace health and safety and ENERGY INSTITUTE assisting employees in developing a preven- NEI is the organization responsible for tive focus for radiological safety and health establishing unified nuclear industry policy issues in workplace environments. on matters affecting the nuclear energy OVERHOFF BOOTHS: 200, 202 industry, including the regulatory aspects of TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION generic operational and technical issues. Design and Manufacture of Elec- OAK RIDGE BOOTH: 323 tronic Instrumentation for Measure- ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES ment of Radiation. ORAU provides a variety of services in PACIFIC BOOTH: 208 the radiological sciences: Training, environ- ECOSOLUTIONS, INC. mental surveys, decommissioning, epidemi- Full service radioactive waste treat- ology and, emergency response. ment facility located in Richland, WA near ON SITE SYSTEMS, INC. BOOTH: 315 the Hanford Reservation. PELOS offers Developers of the SQL client server thermal and nonthermal treatment based Environmental Health & Safety options for both lowlevel and mixed Assistant software program. The EH&S radioactive waste. Assistant is a centralized database and PACIFIC NORTHWEST BOOTH: 515 safety management system providing NATIONAL LABORATORY summary-level inventory of Radiological, Pacific Northwest National High consequence Biological Agents and Laboratory (PNNL) offers radiological Toxins or Chemicals used or stored with- calibration and testing services. in the facility or campus. The client based Dosimeter irradiations, instrument program features high performance 32bit repair, calibration, type testing, and optimization, email capabilities and secu- alpha/beta source recertification. Visit rity at both the application and the applica- us at www.pnl.gov/eshs/cap/rcif. tion function level. Better organization allows for the selection of appropriate control measures, allowing for improved regulatory compliance and enhanced safety procedures. Comprehensive com- pliance documentation is the key, for with it negligence is assumed. 65 PERMA-FIX BOOTH: 213 RADIATION SAFETY BOOTH: 300 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. ACADEMY Perma-Fix Environmental Services pro- For those who want the best under- vides turnkey hazardous, low level radioac- standing and assurance of radiation safety. tive, and mixed waste treatment services at We have four Certified Healt Physicists with our fully licensed and permitted facilities. over 75 years of combined experience. We These services offer our customers with the provide training in all aspects of radiation most comprehensive hazardous, radioactive safety from Radiation Awareness, and mixed waste treatment services capabil- Instruments, Regulations, Transportation, ities in the U.S. Radiation Safety Officer, to CHP Exam Preparation and others. We offer the best PHILOTECHNICS, LTD. BOOTH: 218 source of online training LLRW and Mixed Waste brokerage (www.RadTrainONline.com) and will even services, HP services including D&D, license design courses specifically to meet your terminations, etc., and industrial hygiene company’s needs. Our CHPs can provide services. consultation for all types of radiation safety PROTEAN INSTRUMENT BOOTH: 720 needs including; license application and CORPORATION amendments, sealed source and device Protean Instrument Corp. is the leading registrations, on-site audits, radiation safety supplier of high performance alpha/beta program development, effective safety com- counting systems, and the only company munications, and expert witnesses. Partner 100% dedicated to the manufacture of these with the Radiation Safety for success and systems. We manufacture a range of 7 receive your free radiation safety program models, including automatic, manual, single review. detector, multi-detector, windowed and win- RADIATION SAFETY BOOTH: 405 dowless. We deliver twice the performance! ASSOCIATES, INC. QAL-TEK ASSOCIATES BOOTH: 211 Radiation consulting services, radio- Radiological support services. Qal- chemical analysis/lab services, instrument Tek Associates offers experienced calibration & repair, decontamination & capabilities in the areas of: Instrument decommissioning, publications (journals & Calibration/Repair, Radioactive Source reference books) and software/instruments disposal, consulting, training, and all (URSA-2) for HPs. other forms of RadSupport services. RSO, INC. BOOTH: 101 RADIATION SAFETY BOOTH: 314 Celebrating 30 years of Health Physics & CONTROL SERVICES INC. Products and Services 1974-2004. ROS, Inc RSCS provides quality radiological thanks the Health Physics Society for being products and services for small and a part of our continued success. large radioactive material users. These S. E. INTERNATIONAL, INC. BOOTH: 403 include consulting, training, specialty ® databases/software, lead tests, instru- The Radiation Alert product line ment calibrations/repair, measure- offers handheld ionizing radiation detec- ments and evaluations, and instrument tion instruments including Geiger coun- sales. ters, dosimeters, and multi-channel ana- lyzers for surface and air contamination. Proven reliable in environmental, indus- trial, laboratory, research, Health Physics, Hazmat and educational fields.

66 SAINT-GOBAIN CRYSTALS, BOOTH: 302 THERMO ELECTRON BOOTHS: 113, SCINTILLATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION 115, 212, 214 Gas-filled radiation detectors; Thermo Electron Corporation, Scintillation crystals and detectors (ask Eniviromental Instruments, manufac- about our new exclusive BrilLanCeTM tures air quality instruments for enviro- series crystals); Cast plastic and liquid mental compliance and water analysis scintillators; Plastic scintillating fibers. products to radiation instrumentation systems for nuclear and homeland SCIENTECH, LLC BOOTH: 226 security markets. Scientech provides expert radio- logical technical services to commer- THOMAS GRAY & BOOTH: 206 cial firms, academia and government ASSOCIATES, INC. agencies across the US. Scientech Thomas Gray & Associates, Inc., specializes in decommissioning servic- also representing Environmental es and over the past thirty years has Management and Controls, Inc., (EMC) successfully completed hundreds of and RWM-Utah, Inc., offers a full line of projects. Contact Barbara Bastenbech Health Physics services, including at (860) 210-3007. LLRW disposal, consolidation, trans- portation, site remediation, & HP serv- SCIONIX BOOTH: 333 ices. Scionix produces custom made detectors employing Scintillation TSA SYSTEMS, LTD. BOOTH: 506 Crystals and Materials. Our key TSA manufactures a complete line themes are a quick interaction on new of Radiation Detection Systems. scientific developments regarding U.S. NUCLEAR BOOTH: 500 materials and detection techniques REGULATORY COMMISSION with a close collaboration with the end The mission of the U.S. Nuclear users. Regulatory Commission is to regulate SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES BOOTH: 325 the civilian use of nuclear power and Radioisotope check sources, GM nuclear materials to protect the health counting equipment, scintillation spec- and safety of the public, the environ- trometers. ment, and the nation. NRC monitors, enforces and protects nuclear power TECHNICAL BOOTHS: 102, 104 plants that generate electricity as well ASSOCIATES as universities and hospitals that use Recent additions to TA’s Health nuclear materials. Physics instrument line include air and area monitors, which are smarter, more XRF CORPORATION BOOTH: 311 sensitive and more rugged than previ- XRF Corporation designs, manu- ously available, in addition to pipe and factures, sells and supports radionu- plume and the latest advances in porta- clide identification systems. Offerings bles. include the ICS-4000 hand-held radionuclide identifier, submersable TELETRIX BOOTH: 114 probes and monitors, real time air filter TELETRIX provides radiation training monitors and un-manned robots for equipment that supports training programs dirty bomb identification and disposal. in all radiation related fields. Simulated version of meters and probe inputs pro- vide a “train like you work” atmosphere.

67 CURRENT EVENTS/ ized by a concentrated source zone WORKS-IN-PROGRESS that discharges into a much larger but P.51 Inter-Comparison of Liquid less concentrated groundwater plume. Scintillation Fluor from Different At many sites, it may be possible to Vendors reduce the radiological inventory in the D.A. Barnes, R. Metcalf, I.B. Trujillo; Los source zone through site remediation Alamos National Laboratory efforts, but it is not obvious what effect The Health Physics Analysis this may have on concentrations in the Laboratory (HPAL) at Los Alamos plume. By assuming that the contami- National Laboratory (LANL) performs nant discharge from the source area is approximately 30,000 liquid scintillation a power function of the source invento- analyses each year. Typical samples ry, it is possible to develop analytical include: nasal swipes, tritium swipes, solutions to describe the transient waters, oils, and glycol. We do not use plume response to reductions in the chemistry on the samples and we do source inventory. These inventory not perform low level counting. reductions may occur by natural Counting times are typically ten min- (radioactive decay and advective flush- utes or less. HPAL has used one par- ing) and manmade (source remedia- ticular type of fluor for all samples for tion) processes. In almost all many years. There are at least 25 instances, source remediation leads to other fluors commercially available (at corresponding reductions in the total least 8 for general purpose use) from 6 activity in the plume over time. different vendors. HPAL would like to However, it can be shown that in some know if these fluors are suitable for our cases, source remediation will have needs and different sample types, and only limited effects on the plume length how comparable they are to our current or longevity, while in other cases, fluor. To determine the differences source remediation can have major between different fluors we have effects on the plume behavior. In addi- obtained several different fluors and tion to the radioactive decay rate, the are performing inter-comparisons for plume response to source remediation our different samples types. We are depends on the nature of the source also counting the samples on liquid (initial inventory, initial contaminant dis- scintillation detectors from two different charge, and power function exponent), vendors. Currently have 5 different and on the nature of groundwater types of fluors and hope to obtain sam- transport and the plume definition ples of others. We anticipate that this (groundwater velocity, radionuclide inter-comparison will allow HPAL to be retardation factor, and regulatory con- able to choose which fluor is best for centration limits). our use based on efficiency, price, and P.53 Co-60 Source Recycling at the availability. International Isotopes Inc. Facility P.52 Assessing the Benefit of J.J. Miller; International Isotopes Inc. Radiological Source Remediation International Isotopes Inc. (I3) Efforts in terms of Groundwater under a license issued by the US Plume Attenuation Nuclear Regulatory Commission has R.W. Falta; Clemson University begun Co-60 Source Recycling Subsurface contamination by Activities. I3 has been supplying high mobile radionuclides is often character- specific activity (>250 Ci/g) Co-60 to

68 the manufacturer of the ELEKTA uranium speciation in several aquifers, gamma knife. When the Co-60 decays including Yucca Mountain (NV), WIPP below 150 Ci/g it is no longer useful in (NM), Simpsonville (SC), Finland, and the gamma knife. However if recovered Kosovo, are presented. Results are this Co-60 could be utilized in other also presented for sensitivity analyses sources such as irradiators and performed by varying multiple ground teletherapy sources which may be high water constituents and properties, with in activity but not necessarily require correlations between ground water high specific activities. composition and uranium concentra- This poster summarizes the tion being identified. Gamma Knife life cycle and describes P.55 Evaluating Radiation Safety the unique facility requirements, spe- Instructions To Patients Following cialized equipment and radiological Prostate Brachytherapy engineering controls necessary to M. Williamson, L.T. Dauer, M. Zelefsky, recover and reutilize Co-60 from C. Horan, J. St. Germain; Memorial Gamma Knife Source Sets. These Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center facility resources may be utilized to Dose rate measurements were recover Co-60 from sources other than made in the immediate post-operative the gamma knife with little or no modi- period on 636 patients with stage T1- fication. T2 prostate cancer who underwent P.54 Sensitivity Analysis of Uranium transperineal I-125 or Pd-103 seed Speciation Modeling in Several implantation from August 1995-January Aquifers of Interest 2003. The mean radiation dose rate at A.L. Scott, T.A. DeVol, R.A. Fjeld; US the anterior skin surface was 37 µSv/hr Army, Clemson University for I-125 and 8 µSv/hr for Pd-103. The A sensitivity analysis of uranium mean dose rate at 30 cm was 6 µSv/hr speciation using Geochemist's for I-125 and 3 µSv/hr for Pd-103. At WorkbenchTM (GWB) was utilized to one meter the dose rates from both better understand the effects of inor- types of implants were reduced to less ganic solution chemistry on the specia- than 1 µSv/hr. Dose rate measure- tion of uranium in ground water. ments made on both lateral skin sur- Uranium speciation is critical in deter- faces were less than 16.8 µSv/hr. mining the uranium oxidation state and Assuming a 33% occupancy factor and mobility in the environment. This is due utilizing the mean measured dose rate to the tendency of U(IV) species to for I-125, the time required to reach an exist in the fairly immobile solid phase effective dose equivalent limit of 5 mSv and U(VI) species tending to be in the for caregivers was estimated to be 19 relatively mobile aqueous phase. days on contact with the skin surface. GWB is a suite of modeling tools devel- The lifetime doses for I-125 at a dis- oped for equilibrium speciation model- tance of 30 cm from the anterior skin ing, including graphical presentation of surface, as well as the lifetime doses the output. Since selection of the ther- for Pd-103 on contact with the skin sur- modynamic database has been shown face and at 30 cm from the anterior to be critical in determining equilibrium skin surface were less than 5 mSv. I- speciation, the most up-to-date, con- 125 prostate seed patients should be sistent, peer reviewed thermodynamic provided with instructions to increase data are used. Modeling results for distance when sleeping next to a care-

69 giver, but that the distance need not be Door signs and chart labels were more than 30 cm. While the lifetime revised. Interactive problem-solving doses for Pd-103 at 30 cm are approx- sessions for nurse leaders reviewed imately 3 times less than those at con- modality-specific precautions. Unit- tact, both are less than 5 mSv. based inservices focused on common Therefore, special instructions to treatments. Online presentations were increase distance or reduce time for developed for specific treatments. close contact with caregivers is not a 15% of the 750 registered nurses were regulatory requirement for Pd-103 randomly chosen to complete a pretest patients, but may be considered pru- and a posttest instrument to assess dent to maintain doses ALARA. knowledge and attitudes. The nurses Radiation safety instructions to patients showed statistically significant following permanent prostate improvement in cognitive knowledge brachytherapy should include: avoiding and demonstrated a more positive atti- close contact (within 30 cm), with oth- tude toward radiation and the radiation ers for extended periods of time and safety program after the training inter- avoiding sleeping in the "spoon" posi- vention. Well-designed educational ini- tion (in contact) with the primary care- tiatives that include stakeholder giver. Patients treated with either iso- involvement can be effective in over- tope do not represent a radiation risk to coming misconceptions and fears relat- members of the public. ed to radiation and can enhance knowl- edge and attitudes while ensuring reg- P.56 Evaluating a Radiation Safety ulatory compliance. Training Intervention For Registered P.57 The Atomic Bomb Fragment: An Nurses in Oncology Experience in Explaining Nuclear L.T. Dauer, J. Kelvin, C. Horan, M. Science to the Popular Media Williamson, J. St. Germain; Memorial D.W. Jokisch; Francis Marion University Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center On March 11, 1958 a B-47 strate- 60% of cancer patients receive gic bomber on a training mission acci- radiation therapy (RT) during their can- dentally dropped a Mark 6 nuclear cer treatment, so most oncology (can- bomb over rural South Carolina. The cer care) nurses will care for patients bomb, which did not contain the fission- receiving RT at some time. However, able core, detonated on a lot in Mars misconceptions about radiation are Bluff, SC, less than a mile from the cur- common, causing undue fears and rent campus of Francis Marion concerns that may negatively impact University (FMU). Though the patient care. Effectively educating accounts of this event have been writ- nurses to overcome these misconcep- ten several times, the most extensive tions is a challenge. A new radiation account was recently published in the safety training intervention was devel- May 2005 issue of Esquire magazine. oped. A multifaceted approach to edu- The author of the Esquire article con- cating staff was implemented, incorpo- tacted health physics faculty at FMU in rating current adult education princi- February of 2005 after finding a local ples. All nursing radiation policies and resident that claimed to have a frag- procedures were revised. An award- ment of the bomb. In attempting to winning (Videographer Award of authenticate the fragment, the author Excellence) 12-minute video was was surprised to measure radioactivity developed to provide core content. with a Geiger counter. He asked if

70 FMU had the equipment necessary to totals/doubles ratio in a short counting determine the source of the activity. time that provides the rapid determina- We spent one afternoon with the author tion between WMD and RDD items. while acquiring a gamma-ray spectrum Data is presented showing results of from the fragment. In addition to pre- this technique. senting the brief scientific analysis, this poster will describe the communication with the author of the article and the subsequent interpretation presented in the publication. P.58 Neutron Coincidence Counting for Rapid Detection and Determin- ation of Recovered, Undetonated Weapons and RDDs D.L. Haggard, J.E. Tanner, J.M. Tingey, A.V. Mozhayev; Pacific Northwest Laboratory Neutron coincidence counting pro- vides a unique method of quantifying the numbers of time correlated neu- trons being emitted from a sample. This is facilitated by using shift register electronics and selected gating param- eters. Since the neutrons emitted from plutonium are mostly from sponta- neous fission (~2.16 neutrons per fis- sion) they are time correlated and are detected in pairs (doubles) within a given time or gate. Other sources of neutrons, singles, are created from alpha-neutron reactions originating from low z impurities. A nuclear device or WMD would be metal and not con- taminated by low z materials. Its neu- tron signature would have a low num- ber of "single neutrons" from alpha- neutron low z interactions while having a large number of time correlated neu- trons. The ratio of totals (singles plus doubles) to time correlated neutrons (doubles) would be low. The ratio of totals to doubles would be high in the case of an RDD due to alpha - neutron reactions on oxygen, chlorine, etc. It is the large difference between the

71 Health Physics Society 2005 Author Index -A- Bhuiyan, S.I...... P.15 Chelidze, N...... P.32 Abelquist, E.W. . . PEP M2, Billa, J.K...... TAM-B.9 Chen, P...... WPM-E.2 THAM-D.8 Birky, B.K...... P.29 Chen, S.Y...... MPM-B.3, Abulfaraj, W.H...... P.15 Biwer, B...... MPM-B.3 WPM-A.6 Adduci, J...... WPM-A.1 Biwer, B.M...... WPM-A.6 Cheng, J...... MPM-B.3 Aguilera, R.A...... P.38 Bland, J.S...... WPM-C.4 Cheng, J.-J. . . . . MPM-B.1, Ahmed, T.M...... P.15 Bliss, M...... WPM-A.5 MPM-B.5 Ahrenholz, S.H.. . WAM-E.1 Block, R.C...... TAM-B.8 Chiou, H.C. . . . . TAM-D1.6 Alexandrova, O. . MPM-C.1 Boecker, B...... PL.3 Chittaporn, P. . . . MPM-D.6 Allard, D.J...... CEL-3, Boerner, A.J. . . . . WAM-A.2 Choe, D.O...... MPM-C.2 THAM-B.4 Bolch, W.E. . . . . MPM-A.1, Claver, K...... P.26 Allen, D.E...... TPM-C.11 TPM-D.6, P.29 Cleaver, J.E...... TAM-A.2 Allen, R.W. . . . . THAM-E.8 Bond, V.P...... THAM-A.3 Coffey, J.L...... MPM-C.6 Allison, T...... WPM-A.6 Boreham, D...... AAHP2, Conklin, W.C. . . . MPM-B.2 Alvarez, J.L. . . . . TAM-D1.4 TPM-B.2 Cool, D.A...... THAM-B.5 Ames, K.R...... WPM-A.8 Bouville, A...... MPM-A.6 Coronado, L...... PEP 3A Anderson, B. . . . . MPM-A.3 Brackett, E.M. . . . TPM-C.6, Couch, J.R...... WPM-E.2 Anderson, E...... P.26 WPM-A.7 Coursey, B.C.. . . . TPM-E.3 Anderson, K.D.. THAM-C.2, Bradley, F.J...... TAM-C.2 Cox, M.C...... TPM-E.4, THAM-D.9 Brey, R.R...... MPM-A.3, WAM-D.3 Ansari, A...... PEP W2 MPM-D.3, MPM-D.4, Cragle, D.L...... TPM-C.6 Anspaugh, L.R. . THAM-D.1 TPM-D.7, P.25, P.26 Cullings, H.M. . . . MPM-C.4 Antonio, E.J. . . . TAM-D2.2, Brock, K.M. . . TPM-B.3, P.5 Cummings, F.M. . TAM-E.2, WPM-A.8 Brock, A...... PEP T2 TPM-E.5 Apostoaei, A.I. . . TPM-C.8, Brooks, A.L. . . . . TPM-A.2, Cunningham, W.C. MPM-B.5 TPM-C.9, TPM-C.10 THAM-A.2 Cusumano, D.A. . WPM-B.1 Asano, Y...... TAM-B.3 Brooks, M...... MPM-D.7 Ashbaker, E.D. . . WPM-D.6 Brown, B...... PEP 1F, 2F -D- Athey, G.F...... P.6 Brown, D.D. . . . WPM-D.10 Dale, D.E...... MPM-B.6 Buckley, W.F.. . . THAM-E.8 Daniels, R.D. . . . WAM-E.2, -B- Buddemeier, B.B. . . . AAHP3, WPM-E.2 Bailey, P.D...... MPM-B.1 THAM-E.4, THAM-E.9 Davidson, G.R.. . . TPM-C.7 Bair, W.J...... WAM-A.3 Buglova, E. . . . . THAM-A.5 Dauer, L.T...... P.55, P.56 Bak, A.K...... MPM-C.7 Buhl, T...... TPM-A.4 Davis, R.M...... P.36 Baker, S.I...... TAM-B.4 Bullard, W.T...... P.38 Dehmel, J-C. . . . THAM-D.5 Ballinger, M.Y. . . TAM-D1.5 Burchart, P.A. . . . MPM-A.5 Dennis, J.E...... TAM-C.3 Balzer, M...... MPM-D.3 Bushart, S...... WPM-D.3 Desrosiers, A.E. WPM-C.10 Bamberger, J.A. . WPM-C.3 Bushart, S.P. . . . THAM-D.6 DeVeaux, L.C.. . TAM-B.10, Bandyopadhyay, D. . . . P.40 Bushman, B.H. . . TPM-D.4 P.31, P.32, Barnes, D.A...... P.51 Butz, PhD, T.R.. . WPM-D.5 Devine, R.T. . . . . WPM-B.8 Barnes, J.G...... PEP 3G, DeVol, T.A. . MPM-A.8, P.54 THAM-E.1 -C- Dewey, S.C. . . . . P.23, P.24 Barnett, D.S. . . . . WPM-A.5 Caracappa, P. . . . MPM-D.8 Diediker, L.P. . . . TAM-D1.7 Barnett, J.M.. . . . TAM-D1.5 Caracappa, P.F.. . TAM-B.8, DiLorenzo, J...... AAHP3 Baumann, B.L...... P.3 TPM-B.5 Dirkes, R.L. . . . . THAM-C.5 Baumgarten, L.R.P.20, P.45 Carlisle, S.M.. . . . MPM-A.5 Dixon, K.L...... WPM-C.9 Beals, D.M...... TPM-B.8 Carroll, M.K. . . . . MPM-D.7 Doan, J.K...... WPM-C.4 Beitollahi, M...... P.7 Carter, G.L...... P.27 Dodd, B...... WPM-A.4 Belzer, B...... TPM-E.2 Case, J...... TAM-B.10 Domingo, C.. . . . TAM-D2.4 Berejka, A.J...... P.50 Casey, W.R...... TAM-B.3 Domotor, S. . . . . MPM-B.3, Berg, R.K...... P.27 Cember, H...... PEP T5 MPM-B.5 Bess, J.D...... P.30 Cessna, J.C...... TAM-E.6

72 Domotor, S.L. . . . MPM-B.2, -G- Holeman, G.R...... P.10 P.12 Gadd, M.S...... P.22 Hooda, B...... P.10 Donahue, R.J. . . . TAM-B.3 Gallaghar, R.G. . THAM-B.6 Hoory, S...... P.40 Dooley, D.A. . . . . TPM-C.1, Garcia, R.M. . . . . MPM-D.2 Horan, C...... P.55, P.56 WPM-A.7 Gergely, D.E. . . . WPM-D.5 Hoshi, M...... MPM-C.4 Dorr, H.D...... TPM-B.9 Gesell, T.F...... MPM-D.3, Hoyt, J.R...... WPM-A.8 Douple, E.B...... TAM-A.1 TPM-D.7, P.25 Hsu, S.-H. . WPM-B.7, P.19, Downey, H.T.. . . TAM-D2.5, Ghiassi-Nejad, M...... P.7 P.20, P.46 THAM-D.11 Gibbons, G.J. . . . WPM-C.1 Huang, J.-Y...... P.47 Dunker, R...... P.7, P.25 Gibson, B.C. . . . . WPM-A.8 Hunt, A...... MPM-D.3 Durham, J.S.. . . . WPM-B.3 Gilbert, E.S...... TAM-A.3 Hylko, J.M...... PEP 1A, Dyekman, D.L. . . TAM-D1.7 Gillerman, G.G.. . . TPM-E.3 CEL-5 Glines, W.M.. . . THAM-C.4, -E- THAM-C.5 -I- Earls, L.M...... P.38 Glissmeyer, J. . . TAM-D1.3 Ibeanusi, V.M...... P.1 Eckerman, K.F. . . MPM-C.2 Glissmeyer, J.A. . WPM-C.3 Ibrahim, S.A. . . . . MPM-A.6 Edwards, R.W. . . . TPM-B.4 Goans, R.E. . . . . WPM-A.7 Ingellis, F...... P.17 Elmohr, E...... P.15 Goering, T.L. . . . TAM-D2.6 Inn, K.G.W...... P.50 Eloskof, E...... TAM-D2.4 Gogolak, C.V.. . . . PEP M5, Ely, J.H.. CEL-2, THAM-E.7 PEP T4, TAM-D2.1, -J- Emery, B...... PEP 2G P.28, P.50 James, M...... TAM-B.6 Endo, A...... P.16 Gonsky, J...... TAM-D2.4 Jannik, G.T...... WPM-C.9 Esmaeli, A...... P.7 Gorelov, M...... MPM-C.3 Jawad, M.S...... P.45 Gorelov, M.V. . . . MPM-C.1 Jensen, L.W...... P.1 -F- Grab, D.A...... P.1 Jierree, C.C.. . . . TAM-D1.6 Falta, D.A...... MPM-A.8 Graff, R...... MPM-D.2 Job, P.K...... TAM-B.3 Falta, R.W...... P.52 Gray, J...... MPM-C.6 Johnson, A...... MPM-C.5 Fasso, A...... TAM-B.1 Green, S...... P.2 Johnson, J...... P.2 Fate, R.E...... TAM-D2.6 Greenwood, L.R. WPM-D.6 Johnson, J.A.. . . WPM-C.2, Feinendegen, L...... PL.2 Gresick-Schugsta, J.A...... P.14 Filipy, R.E...... MPM-A.6 TPM-D.8 Johnson, M...... M1 Fisenne, I.M. . . . . MPM-D.6 Griffin, J.P...... WPM-A.7 Johnson, R...... CEL-4, Fish, M...... TPM-C.5 Groves, K...... PEP 1E WPM-A.1 Fisher, D.R...... PEP 1B Gunnett, R.B. . . . P.21, P.23 Johnson, Jr., R.H.. PEP 2D, Fix, J.J...... MPM-C.1, Gunter, R.J...... TPM-D.1 PEP 3F, WPM-D.8, MPM-C.3, WPM-B.5, P.37 WPM-B.6 -H- Johnson, T.K. . . . . PEP 1H, Fjeld, R.A. . MPM-A.8, P.54 Haggard, D.L...... P.58 TPM-D.2 Fliedner, T.M. . . . . TPM-B.9 Hamilton, E.J.. . . TAM-D1.2 Jokisch, D.W...... P.57 Flynn, J...... THAM-D.1 Hamrick, B.L. . . THAM-D.4 Jones, R.A...... WPM-A.8 Fordham, E.W. . THAM-B.3 Harley, N.H...... MPM-D.6 Jones, R...... CEL-8 Fox, R.V...... MPM-D.4 Harmon, J.F...... TAM-B.9 Jordan, D.V. . . . . WPM-A.5 Fresquez, P.R...... P.9 Harris, J.T...... WPM-D.4 Jostes, R...... TAM-A.1 Fricke, V.R...... WPM-C.9 Harvey, J.A...... P.23 Fritz, B.G...... TAM-D1.7, Hasenauer, D. . . . TPM-D.6 -K- THAM-C.5 Hasenauer, D.J. . MPM-A.1 Kahnhauser, H.F...... P.10 Fuehne, D.P. . . . TAM-D1.2 Hauck, B.M. . . . . WPM-A.9 Kalchik, A.F.WPM-B.9, P.18 Fujita, S...... MPM-C.4 Hearnsberger, D.W. TPM-C.6 Kamboj, S...... MPM-B.1, Fulmer, P.C. . . . . WAM-D.2 Henry, L.G...... WPM-A.7 MPM-B.3, MPM-B.5, Furler, M...... MPM-D.8 Henshaw, R.W. . TPM-C.11 WPM-A.6, P.12 Higley, K.A. MPM-C.7, P.12 Karam, A. . PEP W3, CEL-7 Hoffman, F.O. . . , TPM-C.8, Kasper, K.M. . . THAM-D.12 THAM-D.1 Kathren, R.L. . . . . TPM-C.7

73 Kearfott, K.J. . . . WPM-B.1, LePoire, D...... MPM-B.3, Meyer, K.E...... WPM-C.5 WPM-B.7, WPM-B.9, WPM-A.1, P.12 Meyer, R...... P.2 P.18, P.19, P.20, P.21, LePoire, D.J.. . . . WPM-A.6 Miller, C.W...... WPM-A.3 P.23, P.24, P.45, P.46 Lewis, D...... THAM-D.5 Miller, D.L...... TPM-D.5 Keaton, H.W. . . . . TPM-B.1 Lindley, R...... WPM-A.1 Miller, J.J...... P.53 Keith, L.S...... TAM-E.1 Little, C...... P.2 Miller, M.L...... TAM-D2.6 Keklak, J.C...... TPM-B.6 Little, C.A. . WPM-C.2, P.14 Miller, S...... TPM-B.2 Kelvin, J...... P.56 Liu, J.C...... TAM-B.3 Mincher, B...... MPM-D.4 Kennedy, Jr, W.E. . . THAM-C.7 Lively, J.W. . . . THAM-D.10, Minnema, D.M. . TPM-B.10 Kenoyer, J.L.. . . . TPM-C.3, THAM-D.11 Minniti, R.M...... TAM-E.4 TPM-C.6 Locke, P.A. . . . . THAM-D.1 Miron, A...... MPM-B.3 Kent, S.L.B...... TAM-C.1, Lopez, E.A...... P.9 Moeller, D.W. . . . . , PM-C.1 TAM-C.3, TAM-C.5 Lopez, J.A...... P.42 Moeller, M.P. . . . . TPM-C.1 Khokhryakov, V.F. . . . . P.30 Lykken, G.I...... P.43 Momcilovic, B...... P.43 Kielar, K.N...... MPM-A.1 Lynch, T.P...... MPM-A.2 Monette, F...... WPM-A.1 Kim, K.P...... P.29 Montgomery, D.M. TAM-E.7 Kinnis, G.M. . . . . WPM-E.2 -M- Moore, E.F...... TAM-B.4 Kirk, J.S...... THAM-D.10 Macchiarella, T. . TAM-D2.4 Moore, J.A. WPM-B.7, P.45, Klett, T.. . . . MPM-B.3, P.12 Macievic, G.V. . . . WPM-E.3 P.46 Knox, W.H. . . . . WPM-C.11 MacKenzie, C.J.THAM-C.8, Morgan, W.F.. . . THAM-A.1 Knyasev, V...... MPM-C.3 P.48 Morris, F...... WPM-A.4 Kocher, D.C. . . . . TPM-C.8, MacLellan, J. . . . WAM-D.6 Morrison, D...... TPM-B.2 TPM-C.9, TPM-C.10, Maddigan, C...... PEP 2E Moss, S.C...... THAM-E.3 THAM-D.1 Mallett, M.W...... P.22 Mozhayev, A.V...... P.58 Komp, G...... PEP W5 Mamoon, A.M...... P.44 Mullins, D...... TPM-B.2 Kong, A...... MPM-D.6 Manickam, V. . . . . TPM-D.7 Murphy, M.K. . . . MPM-D.5, Kouzes, R.T. . . . THAM-E.7 Marshall, R.A. . . THAM-D.7 P.27 Krahenbuhl, M.P...... P.30 Martino, L.J...... TPM-B.6 Murray, W...... TPM-C.5 Kramer, G.H. . . . WPM-A.9, May, S...... MPM-D.8 Murray, W.E. . . . . TPM-C.4 THAM-C.1 McBaugh, D. . . . MPM-B.4, Myers, J.A...... P.38 Krieger, K.V. . . . THAM-C.6 THAM-D.3 Kriss, A.A...... P.27 McConn Jr, R.J. . WPM-A.5, -N- Krueger, D.J.. . . . MPM-C.6 P.34 Nace, J.R...... TPM-D.8 Kubale, T.L...... WPM-E.2 McCord, S...... MPM-A.3 Naeem, S...... WPM-A.10 Kwiatkowski, J.T...... P.39 McCroan, K.D. . TAM-D2.1, Nagy, M.D...... TAM-D2.6 P.28 Napier, B.A...... TPM-A.1, -L- McDonald, J.C.. . . PEP 2A, THAM-C.4, THAM-D.1, Lachapelle, S. . . . TPM-B.2 MPM-A.2 P.13 Lambert, K.N. . . . WPM-C.7 McGinnis, E.R. . THAM-D.7 Nelson, D.R...... TAM-B.2 Lanza, J.J...... TPM-B.1, McGuire, S.A...... P.6 Newman, H.J.. . . WPM-C.8 THAM-E.5, THAM-E.6 McKay, L...... PEP 2B Ngazimbi, R. . . . . MPM-D.4 Last, G.V...... P.13 McLaughlin, D.A.. MPM-A.4 Ninkovic, M.M. . . WPM-D.9 LaVake, T.W...... P.39 McLean, T.D. . . . WPM-B.8, Noska, M.A. . . . . MPM-B.5 Lazaro, M.A. . . . . WPM-A.6 P.22 Nowlin, S.J...... WPM-E.2 Lebeis, T.A. WPM-B.9, P.19 McMurtray, A.C. . TPM-B.3, Lee, J...... P.47 P.5 -O- Lee, M.E...... THAM-D.7 Meehan, M.K. . . THAM-E.2 Odlaug, M.A. . . . . TAM-C.1 Lee, P.L...... WPM-C.9 Meineke, V...... TPM-B.9 O’Dou, D.J...... PEP 3C Lehnert, A.L. . . . WPM-B.7, Merges, P.J. . . . THAM-D.1 O’Kelley, P...... TAM-C.5 P.23, P.46 Merwin, S.E. . . . . TPM-C.6 Oliver, T.O...... WPM-C.9 Leone, J...... MPM-D.8 Mestari, M.A. . . . TAM-B.10 Olsher, R.H...... TAM-B.6, Leonowich, J.A.. . TAM-C.4, Metcalf, R...... P.51 WPM-B.8, P.22 TAM-C.6, AAHP1 Meyer, H.R. . WPM-C.2, P.14 O’Neil, J.O...... TAM-E.8 Oostens, J...... TAM-B.6 74 -P- Rodrigues, M.L. . WPM-B.7, Simon, S.L. . . . . MPM-A.6, Pagonis, V...... P.17 WPM-B.9, P.19, P.20, TPM-D.5 Pan, Y.D...... P.36 P.23 Simpson, B.A. . . , MPM-B.6 Paperiello, C.J. . THAM-B.1 Rodriguez, R. . . . MPM-D.4 Singh, M.S...... TAM-B.7 Pardo, R.C...... TAM-B.4 Roebuck, K.J. . . . TPM-D.4 Sitsler, R.B...... WPM-A.8 Parker, L.W. . . . . WPM-B.1, Rokni, S.H...... TAM-B.3 Slowey, T.S...... TAM-E.5 WPM-B.7, P.20 Romanowich, L.D.WPM-D.1 Smetanin, M. . . . MPM-C.2, Parker, R. . . . . PEP 2H, 3H Romero, L.L.. . . . WPM-B.8 MPM-C.3 Parzyck, D.C. . . . . TAM-B.2 Roney, T...... WPM-A.10 Smith, B...... PEP M3, Patel, A.R...... TPM-B.6 Ruhter, P...... MPM-A.3 PEP T3 Peace, J.L...... TAM-D2.6 Rutherford, P.D.. THAM-D.7 Smith, C.B...... P.37 Pelton, M.A...... P.8 Smith, J.R...... P.31 Penn, L.L...... WPM-C.3 -S- Smith, L.L...... TAM-D1.4 Phillips, B.J. . . . . MPM-D.4 Sajo, E...... PEP 3B Smith, P.J...... P.27 Pierson, R.. . . . PEP 1F, 2F Sami, M.T...... P.19 Smock, C.W...... P.39 Piper, R.K...... MPM-D.5 Satterwhite, C.A. TAM-D2.3 Soares, C.G. . . . WAM-D.1, Poland, D...... PEP W1 Saunders, P.. . . . WPM-D.3 P.17 Potter, G...... WAM-D.5 Savard, G...... TAM-B.4 Spitz, H...... P.49 Potter, W.E...... P.35 Scalsky, E.D. . . . . TPM-C.3 Stabin, M. . PEP 1G, CEL-1 Preston, D.L.. . . . MPM-C.4 Scherpelz, R.I. . . MPM-C.1, Stanford, N...... WPM-B.2 Prevette, S...... PEP T1, MPM-C.2, MPM-C.3, Stansbury, P.S...... P.41 PEP W4 WPM-A.5, WPM-B.5, Staven, L.H. . . . . TAM-D1.7 Price, J.M...... WPM-D.2 WPM-B.6 Stephan, C. . . . . TAM-D2.4 Prud’homme-Lalonde, L. . . Schlicht, J.E. . . . P.19, P.20, Stewart, H.M. . . . MPM-C.7 TPM-B.2 P.21, P.26 St. Germain, J. . . P.55, P.56 Puskin, J.S...... TPM-A.3 Schubauer-Berigan, M.K.. . Stoicescu, L...... P.38 Putman, V.L. . . . TPM-B.10 WPM-E.2, WPM-E.3 Stong, F...... MPM-D.2 Schwahn, S.O.. , MPM-C.8, Strenge, D.L...... P.8 -Q- TPM-E.1 Strom, D.J...... PEP 3D, Quinn, D...... WPM-D.3 Schwartzman, A. THAM-D.5 CEL-6, WPM-A.2, Qutob, S...... TPM-B.2 Schweppe, J.E...... P.34 WPM-B.5,WPM-B.6, . Scott, A.G...... P.4 THAM-D.1, P.41 -R- Scott, A.L...... P.54 Strzelczyk, J. . . . . TPM-D.2 Raabe, O.G. . . . . MPM-A.7 Scott, V...... WAM-A.1 Sturchio, G.M. . . . TPM-D.3, Rabovsky, J.L.. . THAM-C.3 Seagraves, D.T.. WPM-B.8, TPM-D.4, P.33 Ramsdell, Jr, J.V...... P.6 P.22 Sujata, B.D.. . . . THAM-D.7 Rao, N...... THAM-C.3 Segura, T...... TPM-B.2 Sullivan, R...... WPM-A.1 Rathbun, L.A. . . . MPM-D.1 Seidaliev, M. . . . . WPM-B.4 Suslova, K.G...... P.30 Rawl, R...... WPM-A.4 Semones, E. . . . . MPM-C.5 Swinth, K.L.. TAM-E.3, P.50 Recieniello, R.N...... P.10 Sengupta, S...... P.10 Szrom, F...... PEP 1D Recknagle, K.P. . TAM-D1.5 Shah, A...... TPM-D.6 Reese, S.R. . . . . WPM-D.6 Shah, A.A...... MPM-A.1 -T- Regits, W...... MPM-C.6 Shelfer, T...... MPM-C.5 Takahashi, F...... P.16 Retallick, P.G. . . , HAM-C.7 Sherman, D.J. . . WPM-D.7 Tanner, J.E...... P.58 Retka, P.C...... P.31 Shields, M...... P.2 Taulbee, T.D. . . . TPM-C.11 Revell, S...... P.42 Shine, E.P...... WPM-C.9 Taylor, T.P...... MPM-B.6 Reyes, A...... WPM-C.4 Shingleton, K.L. . . TAM-B.7 Teplyakov, I. . . . . MPM-C.1 Rhoads, K. . . . . TAM-D1.7, Shipler, D.B. . . . . WPM-A.8 Thierry-Chef, I.. . . TPM-D.5 TAM-D2.2 Shockley, V.E. . . . TPM-C.7 Thomas, B.A.. . . . TPM-C.8 Rhodes, R...... PL2.1 Shope, T.B...... MPM-D.7 Thomas, E.M. . . . TPM-C.7 Riley, W.P...... WPM-D.5 Shroff, B...... TAM-D1.1 Thompson, A.K. . MPM-D.5 Rittmann, P.D...... P.11 Siciliano, E.R...... P.34 Thorleifson, E.J.. . TPM-B.2 Roach, Jr., J.L. . . WPM-C.9 Silver, S.R...... WPM-E.2

75 Tingey, J.M...... P.58 P.32 Tkavadze, L...... P.25 Wendling, M. . . . TAM-D2.4 Toohey, R.E...... PEP M4, West, W.G.. WPM-B.9, P.18 TPM-C.1 Weyland, M. . . . . MPM-C.5 Trabalka, J.R. . . . TPM-C.8, Whitcomb, Jr., R.C. . WPM-A.3 TPM-C.10 White, E.I...... THAM-D.1 Traub, R.J...... MPM-A.2, White, J.C...... P.42 MPM-C.2, WPM-B.5, White, T...... WPM-A.10 WPM-B.6 Wiblin, B.D...... WPM-C.6 Trippeda, D.M. . THAM-D.7 Wiblin, C.M. . . . . WPM-C.6 Trijullo, I.B...... P.51 Wilde, J.L...... P.30 Tseng, C.-Y. . . . . WPM-E.3 Wilkinson, D. . . . . TPM-B.2 Tuckfield, R.C. . . WPM-C.9 Williams, D. . . . . TAM-D1.1 Tull, A...... P.42 Williams, G.E...... P.38 Williamson, M. . . P.55, P.56 -U- Wojcicka, J.B. . . . TPM-D.8 Ulsh, B.A...... TPM-C.11 Wood, R...... TAM-D1.1 Upp, D...... PEP 3E Worthy, D.K...... P.45 Utterback, D.F. . . WPM-E.3 Wu, C.-F.TAM-E.1, TPM-E.5 Wu, C.Y...... P.29 -V- Valley, T.B...... P.33 -X- Van Cleef, D.J. PEP 2E, 3E Xu, X.G...... MPM-D.8 TPM-B.8 VanMiddlesworth, L.MPM-A.6 -Y- Vargo, G.J...... WPM-A.7 Yamaguchi, Y...... P.16 Vasilenko, E...... MPM-C.2, Yiin, J.H...... WPM-E.2 MPM-C.3 Yin, H.-L...... P.47 Vasilenko, E.K. . . MPM-C.1 Yoder, R.C. THAM-B.2, P.50 Vasquez-Tator, L.M. . . . P.9 Yokuda, S.T.. . . . TAM-D1.5 Vaziri, K.V...... TAM-B.5 Yu, C. MPM-B.1, MPM-B.3, Vidyasagar, M.. . WPM-C.2, MPM-B.5, P.12 P.2, P.14, P.30 Yuen, C.R...... MPM-B.3 Voss, T...... WAM-D.4 -Z- -W- Zaebst, D.D. . . . . WPM-E.1 Walker, L.S...... TAM-B.6 Zapp, E...... MPM-C.5 Walker, S.A.. . PEP 1C, 2C Zelefsky, M...... P.55 THAM-D.2 Zhang, L...... P.40 Wallace, H...... TPM-B.7 Ziemer, P.L...... TPM-C.2 Wallo III, A...... MPM-B.3, Zoller, S...... THAM-C.2 MPM-B.5 Wallo, A...... MPM-B.2 Walters, C.T. . . . . MPM-C.6 Wambach, P.F. . THAM-C.3 Wang, C.K...... WPM-B.4 Ward, R...... P.17 Ward, T.W...... P.43 Watchman, C. . . . TPM-D.6 Weaver, K...... PL.1 Webb, T...... TAM-B.10 Wells, D.P...... TAM-B.9, TAM-B.10, WPM-A.10,

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