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IAEA Human Health Series No. 11 No IAEA HUMAN SERIESHEALTH No. 11 This publication presents a comprehensive overview of the steps involved in the establishment of a clinical PET facility, from strategy formulation to cyclotron implementation, radiopharmaceutical production and clinical applications. Also covered are staff requirements and radiation protection issues. It is intended for health care administrators, project and site planners, as well as professionals involved in providing PET services. IAEA HUMAN HEALTH SERIES IAEA HUMANHUM HEALTH SERIES Planning a Clinical PET Centre No. 11 Planning a Clinical PET Centre INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–104610–9 ISSN 2075–3772 P1457_cover.indd 1 2010-05-12 13:31:44 RELATED PUBLICATIONS IAEA HUMAN HEALTH SERIES PUBLICATIONS A Guide to clinicAl pet in oncoloGy: The mandate of the IAEA human health programme originates from Article II of improvinG clinicAl mAnAGement of cAncer pAtients its Statute, which states that the “Agency shall seek to accelerate and enlarge the iAeA tecdoc series no. 1605 contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world”. IAEA-TECDOC-1605 (58 pp; 2008) The main objective of the human health programme is to enhance the capabilities of ISBN 978–92–0–110608–7 Price: €15.00 IAEA Member States in addressing issues related to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of health problems through the development and application of nuclear the role of pet/ct in rAdiAtion treAtment plAnninG techniques, within a framework of quality assurance. for cAncer pAtient treAtment Publications in the IAEA Human Health Series provide information in the areas iAeA tecdoc series no. 1603 of: radiation medicine, including diagnostic radiology, diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear IAEA-TECDOC-1603 (40 pp.; 2008) medicine, and radiation therapy; dosimetry and medical radiation physics; and stable ISBN 978–92–0–110408–3 Price: €15.00 isotope techniques and other nuclear applications in nutrition. The publications have a broad readership and are aimed at medical practitioners, researchers and other QuAlity mAnAGement Audits in nucleAr medicine prActices professionals. International experts assist the IAEA Secretariat in drafting and reviewing STI/PUB/1371 (57 pp.; 2008) these publications. Some of the publications in this series may also be endorsed or co- ISBN 978–92–0–112108–0 Price: €25.00 sponsored by international organizations and professional societies active in the relevant fields. strAteGies for clinicAl implementAtion And QuAlity There are two categories of publications in this series: mAnAGement of pet trAcers STI/PUB/1344 (197 pp.; 2009) IAEA HUMAN HEALTH SERIES ISBN 978–92–0–107008–1 Price: €44.00 Publications in this category present analyses or provide information of an advisory nature, for example guidelines, codes and standards of practice, and quality operAtionAl GuidAnce on hospitAl rAdiophArmAcy: assurance manuals. Monographs and high level educational material, such as graduate A sAfe And effective ApproAch texts, are also published in this series. STI/PUB/1342 (75 pp.; 2008) ISBN 978–92–0–106708–1 Price: €32.00 IAEA HUMAN HEALTH REPORTS Human Health Reports complement information published in the IAEA Human QuAlity AssurAnce for pet And pet/ct systems Health Series in areas of radiation medicine, dosimetry and medical radiation physics, iAeA human health series no. 1 and nutrition. These publications include reports of technical meetings, the results of STI/PUB/1393 (145 pp.; 2009) IAEA coordinated research projects, interim reports on IAEA projects, and educational ISBN 978–92–0–103609–4 Price: €32.00 material compiled for IAEA training courses dealing with human health related subjects. In some cases, these reports may provide supporting material relating to publications rAdiAtion protection in newer medicAl imAGinG issued in the IAEA Human Health Series. techniQues: pet/ct safety reports series no. 58 All of these publications can be downloaded cost free from the IAEA web site: STI/PUB/1343 (54 pp.; 2008) http://www.iaea.org/Publications/index.html ISBN 978–92–0–106808–8 Price: €28.00 Further information is available from: cyclotron produced rAdionuclides: Guidelines Marketing and Sales Unit International Atomic Energy Agency for settinG up A fAcility Vienna International Centre technical reports series no. 471 PO Box 100 STI/DOC/010/471 (213 pp.; 2009) 1400 Vienna, Austria ISBN 978–92–0–103109–9 Price: €45.00 Readers are invited to provide their impressions on these publications. AppropriAte use of fdG-pet for the mAnAGement Information may be provided via the IAEA web site, by mail at the address given above, of cAncer pAtients or by email to: iAeA human health series no. 9 [email protected]. STI/PUB/1438 (80 pp; 2010) ISBN 978–92–0–101610–2 Price: €39.00 www.iaea.org/books P1457_cover.indd 2 2010-05-12 13:31:45 PLANNING A CLINICAL PET CENTRE The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA NORWAY ALBANIA GREECE OMAN ALGERIA GUATEMALA PAKISTAN ANGOLA HAITI PALAU ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PANAMA ARMENIA HONDURAS PARAGUAY AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PERU AUSTRIA ICELAND PHILIPPINES AZERBAIJAN INDIA POLAND BAHRAIN INDONESIA PORTUGAL BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR BELARUS IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELGIUM IRELAND ROMANIA BELIZE ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION BENIN ITALY BOLIVIA JAMAICA SAUDI ARABIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SENEGAL BOTSWANA JORDAN SERBIA BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SEYCHELLES BULGARIA KENYA SIERRA LEONE BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE BURUNDI KUWAIT SLOVAKIA CAMBODIA KYRGYZSTAN SLOVENIA CAMEROON LATVIA SOUTH AFRICA CANADA LEBANON SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LIBERIA SUDAN CHAD LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN CONGO MADAGASCAR THAILAND COSTA RICA MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CROATIA MALI TUNISIA CUBA MALTA TURKEY CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES OF THE CONGO MEXICO DENMARK MONACO UNITED KINGDOM OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONGOLIA GREAT BRITAIN AND ECUADOR MONTENEGRO NORTHERN IRELAND EGYPT MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOZAMBIQUE OF TANZANIA ERITREA MYANMAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ESTONIA NAMIBIA URUGUAY ETHIOPIA NEPAL UZBEKISTAN FINLAND NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND VIETNAM GABON NICARAGUA YEMEN GEORGIA NIGER ZAMBIA GERMANY NIGERIA ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. IAEA HUMAN HEALTH SERIES No. 11 PLANNING A CLINICAL PET CENTRE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2010 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2010 Printed by the IAEA in Austria April 2010 STI/PUB/1457 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Planning a clinical PET centre. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2010. p. ; 24 cm. — (IAEA human health series, ISSN 2075-3772 ; no. 11) STI/PUB/1457 ISBN 978–92–0–104610–9 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Tomography, Emission — Methodology. 2. Nuclear medicine. 3. Positrons — Emission. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. IAEAL 10–00630 FOREWORD Establishing a positron emission tomography (PET) centre is a large scale process that requires careful planning, inputs from multiple stakeholders, the support and approval of relevant authorities, secure funding, and a detailed implementation strategy. The need for a carefully planned strategy is even more essential in the conditions prevailing in a developing country, where the introduction of PET may be impeded by a scarcity of financial resources and, in many cases, an inadequate understanding of the potential roles and contributions PET imaging can play in a health care system. Different imaging techniques are based upon different underlying physiological and physical principles and, accordingly, provide unique clinical insights. The recent introduction of hybrid PET/computed tomography (CT) equipment has had a major impact on the imaging field, as the co-registration of PET and CT data couples functional and anatomical information, thus optimizing the clinical utility of the images. PET/CT, used with [18F]-FDG as a radiotracer, has had such an impact on patient management that it has reformed many
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