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Diabelli's Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II As a Representation of the Development of the Waltz Within the Socio-Polit

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Diabelli's Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II As a Representation of the Development of the Waltz Within the Socio-Polit Diabelli’s Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II as a representation of the development of the waltz within the socio-political context of Vienna ca. 1820 Willem de Beer Mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MMus degree Department of Music Faculty of Humanities University of Pretoria Date: April 2018 Supervisor: Prof. Wessel van Wyk Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following people, without whose support, I would not have been able to complete this mini-dissertation: Professor Wessel van Wyk for his persistent and patient guidance, advice and motivation. It was an honour to be able to work alongside Professor. Mrs Marianne Feenstra for introducing me to the Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II, and for her editorial insights later on. Lastly, I would like to thank my wife, Renée de Beer, for her unwavering support; hier is dit nou, Blom. - Soli Deo Gloria - 2 Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 6 Keywords .................................................................................................................... 8 List of examples .......................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1 .............................................................................................................. 11 1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 11 1.1 Background to the study ........................................................................... 11 1.2 Aims of the study ...................................................................................... 13 1.3 Research questions .................................................................................. 13 1.3.1 Main research question ......................................................................... 13 1.3.2 Sub-questions ........................................................................................ 13 1.4 Literature Review ...................................................................................... 13 1.4.1 The emergence of the waltz in Vienna ................................................... 14 1.4.2 Vienna between 1819 and 1824 ............................................................ 15 1.4.3 The Vaterländischer Künstlerverein ....................................................... 17 1.4.3.1 Background: Anton Diabelli (1781-1858) ............................................. 19 1.4.4 The fifty composers who contributed to Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II .............................................................................................................. 20 1.5 Research Methodology ............................................................................. 22 1.5.1 Research Approach ............................................................................... 22 1.5.2 Research Design ................................................................................... 23 1.6 Delimitations of the study .......................................................................... 24 1.7 Chapter outline ......................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................. 26 2 Introduction .......................................................................................... 26 2.1 The Biedermeier period ........................................................................ 26 2.2 Austria and Vienna during Napoleon’s reign ........................................ 28 2.3 The Vienna Congress (1814-1815) ...................................................... 29 2.4 Life in Vienna after the Congress ......................................................... 30 2.4.1 The rise of the salon: the middle class ................................................ 30 2.4.2 The salon: the aristocracy ................................................................... 33 2.5 Cost of living......................................................................................... 34 2.6 Making a living from music ................................................................... 36 3 2.6.1 State employment ............................................................................... 37 2.6.2 Public and private concerts ................................................................. 37 2.6.3 Music composing and publishing ........................................................ 42 2.6.4 Teaching music ................................................................................... 44 2.7 Musical taste ........................................................................................ 44 2.7.1 The virtuoso and popular music .......................................................... 46 2.7.2 Conserving the “high art” of music ...................................................... 47 2.8 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................. 52 3.1 The waltz: introduction .............................................................................. 52 3.2 Origin of the waltz ..................................................................................... 52 3.2.1 Stylistic inspiration for the waltz .............................................................. 53 3.2.2 The popular predecessor of the waltz ..................................................... 57 3.3 Society ...................................................................................................... 59 3.4 The development of the Viennese waltz ................................................... 64 3.4.1 Characteristics ........................................................................................ 64 3.5 Opposition to the waltz ............................................................................. 67 3.6 The waltz in practice ................................................................................. 69 3.7 Strauss and Lanner .................................................................................. 70 3.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 72 CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................. 73 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 73 4.2 Diabelli as musical figure .......................................................................... 73 4.3 Possible reasons for the creation of the work ........................................... 75 4.4 Background to Diabelli’s Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II ............... 77 4.5 Background to the 50 composers ............................................................. 79 4.6 With regard to other compositions by the composers ............................... 81 4.7 The theme................................................................................................. 82 4.8 Waltz characteristics of the Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II ........... 86 4.9 Formal structures of the variations ............................................................ 91 4.10 Keys of the variations ............................................................................. 92 4.11 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 92 CHAPTER 5 .............................................................................................................. 94 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 94 5.2 How is Diabelli’s Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II representative of 4 the development of the waltz that emerged during Vienna’s socio- political climate of ca. 1820? ................................................................ 94 5.3 What were the social reforms and political shifts at play in Vienna ca. 1820? ................................................................................................... 94 5.4 Where did the waltz originate and how did it gain its social prominence? 98 5.4.1 Stylistic source of the waltz .................................................................... 98 5.4.2 The ideological source of the waltz ........................................................ 98 5.5 What instigated the publication of Diabelli’s Vaterländischer Künstlerverein Part II? ............................................................................................... 100 5.8 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 103 Sources ................................................................................................................... 107 Sources Consulted .................................................................................................. 121 Appendix A .............................................................................................................. 123 5 Abstract During 1824, composer and music publisher Anton Diabelli (1781-1858) published a collection of piano compositions in two volumes, entitled the Vaterländischer
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