Kopi fra DBC Webarkiv Kopi af: Cardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the collection of Statens naturhistoriske Museum, previously the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (ZMUC) : annotated and revised : Part 1 (of 2) Dette materiale er lagret i henhold til aftale mellem DBC og udgiveren. www.dbc.dk e-mail: [email protected] CARDIIDAE IN THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM , COPENHAGEN 1 Cardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the collection of Statens naturhistoriske Museum, previously the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). Annotated and revised. Part 1 (of 2). JØRGEN HYLLEBERG Steenstrupia Hylleberg. J. Cardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the collection of Statens naturhistoriske Museum, previously the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). Annotated and revised. – Steenstrupia 31 (1): 1–101. Copenhagen, Denmark. August 2009. ISSN 0375-2909. The Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen has a comprehensive collection of cardiids established over a period of more than 250 years. The oldest specimens from the first Royal Art Mu- seum can not be dated, but from 1763 (Forskål’s collection) and onwards dates are present, or a least a time interval can be deducted from the collector’s period of life or time of publication, e.g. Spengler, Schumacher, Moltke, Yoldi, and King Christian 8th. Dr. H. Beck served the King from 1829-1848 so his period of service can also be used to estimate dates. The most precise information is available from the period 1844-1878 when Mörch took care of the molluscs. He produced a series of detailed catalogues where he noted the collector, date and locality, and he marked the labels and specimens with numbers. His efforts were remarkable and a great help to present day students of the collection. Before 1863, the zoological collections in Denmark were located in a number of buildings. The situation changed when the royal collections and the university collections amalgamated by law in 1862. Construction of the museum began in 1864 and moving of the specimens took place in 1867. Official inauguration was in 1870. As a result, all specimens were now deposited in the Zoological Museum constructed in Krystalgade. During the following years, a large number of cardiids were added in the wake of fishery investigations and expeditions such as the Atlantide and the second Galathea Expeditions 1950-52, The collecting efforts by R.H. Parker and the worldwide expeditions by Dr. Th. Mortensen from 1900-1930 also resulted in a remarkable number of accessions. The Krystalgade museum functioned in 100 years until it was replaced by the present Zoological Museum in Universitetsparken. This happened in 1960 when a new museum law passed the Parliament. The research section of the museum opened 1963 and the exhibition was officially inaugurated in 1970. Labels produced during the long history of the cardiid collection carry many abbreviations of collectors, localities, references, and various notes. With few exceptions, the labels are handwritten and the language is Danish. Gothic style predominates on old labels. I have translated all texts into English and annexed explanations to an illustrated diction- ary. The dictionary shows the meaning of the often-cryptic abbreviations. The dictionary also reviews the location and activity period of zoological collections in Copenhagen as well as records from old catalogues by Beck and Mörch. I have checked all identifications and added new information. Jacques Vidal from the Natural History Museum in Paris checked about 600 lots. I include about 3680 lots in the present catalogue. Species and genera are listed alphabetically within the family Cardiidae (39 genera). At the end of the catalogue I list all fossil cardiids present in the collection: “Cardium”, Bucardium, Cardium, Cerastoderma, Orthocardium, Papillicardium, Aviculariidae (one genus) and Conocardiidae (one genus). Keywords: Cardiidae, history of the cardiid collection, Spengler, Beck, Mörch, King Christian 8th, review of collectors and museums, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Jørgen Hylleberg, fil. dr., prof. emer., research associate. Zoological Museum, University of Copenha- gen. Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Steenstrupia 31 (1): 1–101. 2 J. HYLLEBERG TABLE Of CONTENTS Introduction ............................................... 2 Hemicardium ............................................. 218 Cardiids of the world ocean present at Keenaea ..................................................... 218 the ZMUC ............................................ 4 Laevicardium ............................................. 219 Chronological overview of the museum Laevifulvia ................................................. 235 collections in Copenhagen ................... 6 Lophocardium ........................................... 235 Acknowledgements & Dedication ............ 10 Lunulicardia .............................................. 236 Higher classification, subfamilies ............. 11 Lyrocardium .............................................. 238 Checklist of extant species of Cardiidae ... 15 Microcardium ............................................ 239 Dictionary ................................................. 19 Microfragum ............................................. 242 The collection of cardiids at ZMUC ......... 103 Nemocardium ............................................ 242 Fossils cardiids .......................................... 317 Papillicardium ........................................... 244 References ................................................. 320 Papyridea .................................................. 246 Index to species in the catalogue .............. 322 Parvicardium ............................................. 249 Phlogocardium .......................................... 278 CARDIID GENERA Plagiocardium ........................................... 279 Acanthocardia ........................................... 104 Pratulum .................................................... 280 Acrosterigma ............................................. 126 Protocardia ............................................... 281 Afrocardium .............................................. 132 Serripes ..................................................... 281 Americardia .............................................. 134 Trachycardium .......................................... 291 Bucardium ................................................. 138 Trigoniocardia ........................................... 299 Cardium .................................................... 139 Vasticardium .............................................. 301 Cerastobyssum .......................................... 142 Vepricardium ............................................. 311 Cerastoderma ............................................ 147 Ciliatocardium .......................................... 171 fOSSIL CARDIIDS Clinocardium ............................................ 182 Classified as “Cardium” ............................ 317 Corculum ................................................... 183 Acanthocardia ........................................... 317 Ctenocardia ............................................... 187 Bucardium ................................................. 317 Dallocardia ............................................... 190 Cardium ..................................................... 318 Dinocardium ............................................. 196 Cerastoderma ............................................ 318 Europicardium .......................................... 198 Habecardium ............................................. 318 Fragum ...................................................... 200 Orthocardium ............................................ 318 Frigidocardium ......................................... 205 Papillicardium ........................................... 319 Fulvia ........................................................ 206 Avicularium ............................................... 319 Goethemia ................................................. 217 Conocardium ............................................. 319 INTRODUCTION My study of the collection of cardiids at the arising from this way of organising a collection Zoological Museum started in 1996. From the is that generic and subgeneric combinations beginning I knew that the collection was exten- have changed much over time and no single sive with thousands of cardiids stored in boxes curator can manage to shift specimens around in and tubes, but I had not realised how difficult it accordance with the changes (Hylleberg, 1994). would be to find a particular specimen among the In addition, the curators have faced problems as- large amount of specimens. The ZM specimens sociated with highly variable characters such as are roughly sorted into genera but a main problem size, shape, thickness of shells, and ornamenta- CARDIIDAE IN THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM , COPENHAGEN 3 tion. A given specimen may not fit into a given but geographical names and abbreviations usu- generic definition so the shells have been left ally appear with the original spelling maintained. without further identification. Abbreviations and some common Danish words The present curator of molluscs (Dr. Ole Ten- are explained in the dictionary. dal) is a specialist of another phylum but he was 1st dash: Deposition of the specimens. The requested