Introduction to Yoga Philosophy
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy
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Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 1 Puruṣa and Prakṛti the dualist “dvaita” theory of everything
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Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 2 Puruṣa and Prakṛti the dualist “dvaita” theory of everything
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There is a universal, unchanging, pure awareness called Puruṣa that is coupled in an eternal dance with the manifest universe called Prakṛti.
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 3 Puruṣa translation: “Person”
Pure Awareness / the “Seer” / Universal Consciousness / Spirit
No attributes or actions, no time or space, no existence Just eternal “awaring”
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 4 Prakṛti translation: “lead creation”
Nature / the “Seen” / Matter / Unconcious
Everything that “is” or could be: The manifest and the potential
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 5 yoga citta vritti nirodha - Yoga Sutra of Patañjali 1.2
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 6 yoga citta vritti nirodha - Yoga Sutra of Patañjali 1.2
Yoga is the stillness of fluctuations in the field of consciousness.
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 7 yoga citta vritti nirodha - Yoga Sutra of Patañjali 1.2
What is citta?
(pronounced: chitta)
“field of consciousness” or “heart/mind”
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 8 The citta is part of Prakṛti (nature)
It is our lens and instrument to perceive the world.
The citta has 3 aspects:
1. buddhi – wisdom
2. ahamkara – ego
3. manas – lower mind
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 9 Manas “lower or outer mind”
Accepts: processes and integrates sensory input (smell, sights, tastes, physical feelings, sounds) or memory
Reacts: thoughts, speech and actions
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 10 Ahamkara “ego” or “I-maker”
Forms our sense of individuality and personality The voice in our head Experiences desires and dislikes Makes judgements based on attraction and aversion Feels separation
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 11 Buddhi “intellect”
The seat of wisdom, intellect and intuition Abstracts reality and forms mental objects: perception Discerns (discriminates) and makes decisions
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 12 Yoga citta vritti nirodha - Yoga Sutra of Patañjali 1.2
What is a vritti?
“turning” or “fluctuation”
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 13 Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 14 Yoga citta vritti nirodha - Yoga Sutra of Patañjali 1.2
What is nirodha?
“stillness” or “cessation”
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 15 http://theslenderthread.creativeguide.com
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 16 How Do We Reach Stillness in the Mind?
“Stillness develops through practice and non-attachment” - Yoga Sutras of Patañjali 1.12
Abhyasa = diligent practice Vairāgya = non-attachment/non-identification/non-reaction
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 17 Vairāgya = “without colour”
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 18 What Happens When the Mind is Still? Tada drashtahu svarupe avasanum
- Yoga Sutras of Patañjali 1.3
The Seer can then abide in Itself (Self-realization)
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 19 What Happens When the Mind Is Not Still?
Vritti sarupyan itaratra - Yoga Sutras of Patañjali 1.4
“...otherwise the movements of the mind are regarded as the Seer”
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 20 Pranayama Pratyahara
Breathing techniques to stimulate, Withdrawal of the senses, direct and free the the flow of prana turning from external stimulus within the body. to internal awareness.
Dharana Asana Concentration: A steady and comfortable seat focused attention on an for meditation object of perception.
Niyama 8-Limbs of Dhyana Inward observances: purity, Absorption: sustained concentration contentment, where the boundary discipline, Classical Yoga between the observer and self-study, the object of perception and self-surrender. begins to dissolve.
Yama Samadhi Outward observances: non-violence, Integration: Continuous stream of truthfulness, sustained concentration where non-stealing, the observer and the object of perception wise use of energy, are united (yoga) and non-possessiveness. revealing pure awareness.
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 21 1st limb Yama
Ethics: External restraint Sutras 2.30, 2.31
Non-violence (ahimsa) Honesty (satya) Non-stealing (asteya) Wise use of sexual and creative energy (brahmacharya) Non-possessiveness (aparigraha)
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 22 2nd limb Niyama
Ethics: Internal restraint Sutra 2.32
Purity (saucha) Contentment (santosha) Discipline (tapas) Self-study (svadyaya) Surrender (ishvara pranidana)
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 23 3rd limb Asana
“a steady and comfortable seat” Sutras 2.46-2.48
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 24 4th limb Pranayama
Release of vital energy through the breath.
Breathing techniques to stimulate and direct the the flow of prana within the body.
Sutras 2.49-2.53
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 25 5th limb Pratyahara
Turning the senses away from external distraction towards internal awareness.
Sutras 2.54-2.55
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 26 6th limb Dharana
Concentration meditation
Focused attention on an object of perception Sutra 3.1
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 27 7th limb Dhyana
Absorption
Sustained concentration.
Sutra 3.2
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 28 8th limb Samadhi
Integration, ecstasy Continuous stream of sustained concentration where the observer and the object of perception are united (yoga) revealing pure awareness. Sutra 3.2
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 29 Traditional Practices of Hatha Yoga
Asana Postures to strengthen and purifythe body; and balance opposing Shat Karma and dynamic forces.
6 purification practices including neti (nasal wash), trataka (candle gazing), etc.
Pranayama Breath control techniques to harness and stimulate the flow of prana Mudra & Bandha
Seals and locks to concentrate prana and direct it to rise up the central spinal channel. Meditation
Sustained and focused absorption Samadhi with an object of perception producing calmnessof mind. Continuous stream of awareness where thought and thinker, subject and object become oneresulting in state of bliss.
Just as salt becomes identical with water through union with it, so the identity of mind and Self is named Samadhi. ~ Hatha Yoga Pradipika
Introduction to Yoga Philosophy 30