Asian Basic and Applied Research Journal

3(3): 27-29, 2021; Article no.ABAARJ.473

Occurrence of Two Algal Species in the Point of Convergence of the Damoder, Rupnarayan and Hooghly Rivers Near Gadiara, West Bengal, India

Sankar Narayan Sinha1*, Sushree Ghosh1, Nilu Halder2, Achintya Dey1, Sarif Mahammad1 and Astom Mondal1

1Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India. 2Department of Botany, Raja Pearymohan College, West Bengal, India.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author SNS designed the study, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors SG and NH managed the analyses viz. microscopic analysis etc. of the study. Author AD managed the literature searches. Authors SM and AM collected the specimen and identified. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Received 20 April 2021 Accepted 25 June 2021 Short Research Article Published 28 June 2021

ABSTRACT

This is the part of the taxonomic study of microflora of rivers Damoder, Rupnarayan and Hooghly in the Howrah district of West Bengal. The present paper deals with two genera(Ulva clathrata and Chlorella vulgaris ) of algae among which one genus ( Ulva clathrata )was first time isolated and reported from this confluence region of these three rivers mentioned above.

Keywords: Algal species; convergence; damoder; rupnarayan; microflora.

1. INTRODUCTION including biofuel production, super foods, genetic engineering and as bio-indicators of water Algae are a wide and diverse group of contamination [1]. autotrophic organisms that range from unicellular to multicellular forms present in different Various authors contributed their valuable wet/aquatic bodies. They play a very pivotal role research for the exploration of algal diversity of as primary producers as well as oxygen producer India, one of the mega-biodiversity countries of in the food web of various aquatic bodies. Proper the world for the last 50 years. Although a taxonomical classification and documentation of considerable amount of works has been freshwater algae from various sources is a prior published from various habitats of the country requisite for the correct use of the algal source in [2-9], very few studies are there from the various fields of biological science research Howrah district of West Bengal [10] and no ______

*Corresponding author: Email: [email protected];

Sinha et al.; ABAARJ, 3(3): 27-29, 2021; Article no.ABAARJ.473

record from the freshwater riverine ecosystem of Thallus light green , much branched irregularly this district. Therefore, the present work is near the base and forms a dense mat of soft, undertaken for monitoring the diversity of algae delicate threads / tubes, 20mm – 50mm long and in this region. 2 – 4mm wide/broad, cylindrical; Branchlet uniseriate near the tips and hair like; cells rather 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS larger, sub-quadrangular in surface view, 15- 30µm broad and arranged in several lines Samples were collected from the site of (pluriseriate) longitudinally in branches, convergence of the rivers Damoder, Rupnarayan uninucleate; Chloroplasts very thin or contracted, and Hooghly near Gadiara (22.232ºN, 88.036ºE), often occupy a part of the cell and have toothed Howrah during February, 2021.All the collected edges ; pyrenoids 2-4 in each cell. samples were preserved according to standard method APHA, 1985 [11]. Algal samples were preserved in 4 % formaldehyde (Mason, 1967).The samples were washed carefully to remove dust particles and then were preserved in 3 % formalin solution in small glass bottles, numbered and labeled according to their habitat. Then these samples were brought in the Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India. One drop from each sample was taken with the help of small pipette on the slide and covered with cover slip, under the light microscope BH-2 Olympus, made in Fig. 1.Ulva clathrate (Roth) Grev Japan. The objectives used were 10x, 20x, 45x, 100x but usually 20x with 10x eyepiece. The 3.1.2 Distribution eyepiece was fitted with ruled ocular micrometer. The outer boundaries forming a square field, Gujrat (Galf of Kutch), Karnataka, Kerala, which was divided into 100 smaller squares by Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, tamil Nadu. the rulings. The specimens were identified with the help of available literature and determined of 3.2 Chlorella vulgaris the taxonomy of samples to the level of species by comparison with published information on Beyerinek. (Fig. 2). taxonomy of taxonomic identification of algae [12-20].

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The recent study of the occurrence of two algal species in the point of convergence of the Damoder, Rupnarayan and Hooghly rivers near Gadiara, West Bengal, India. The taxonomic study for two algal species was conducted on the basis of their morphological as well as cytological features for identification up to species level. On the basis of their morphological and cytological features the following two species of fresh water Fig. 2. Chorella vulgaris Beyerinek algae. Their taxonomical characters are given below. 3.2.1 Description

3.1 Ulva clathrata (Roth) Grev. (Fig. 1) It belongs to family Chorellaceae, order Chlorellales, class Volvocophyceae, phylum Basionym:Conferra clathrata Roth. Volvocophycota and kingdom Protoctista. Cells 3.1.1 Description solitary or in small colony of indefinite shape; Deep green; Individual cell is spherical; Cell wall It belongs to family Ulvaceae, order Ulvales, thin; Chloroplast cup shaped, parietal; Cell 5.0- class Ulvophyceae and Phylum Chlorophyta. 5.6 µm long & 4.5-5.5 µm broad.

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Sinha et al.; ABAARJ, 3(3): 27-29, 2021; Article no.ABAARJ.473

3.2.2 Distribution distributionin different altitudes, J. Insian Bot. Soc. 2012;9191-3)2012:160-182. Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharastra, 4. Toppo et al. Effect of Cyanobacterial Karnataka, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, growth on bryophytes growing in Jammu & Kashmir. Conservatory. Archives for Bryology. 2013;172:1-6. Ulva populations pespecially U. Clathrata 5. Misra et al. Some Fresh Water Algae of occurred mainly from shores and estuaries as Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Our Nature. well as in ocean lagoons, coastal lakes with a 2006;3(1). DOI:10.3126/on.v3i1.338 minor number occurring in canals and rivers(20). 6. Anekar et al. Ad. Plant Sci. 2012;25(II) Interestingly, this alga was reported in this 629-632. freshwater riverine ecosystem. 7. Mallikarjuna et al. Some freshwater algae from YSR Kadapa district with new 3.3 Key to the Genera distributional records to Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian Hydrobiology. 2019;18 (1 & 1) Thallus ribbon like & branched – Ulva L. 2):227-242. 2) Thallus unicellular microscopic & unicellular 8. Dhamal et al. Study of freshwater algae – Chlorella Beyerinek. from Baramati city area, District Pune. Int. J. of Current Microbiology and Applied 4. CONCLUSION Sciences. 2020;9(10):2933-2937. 9. Ray et al. Phytoplankton communities of The present study revealed that the two algal eutrophic freshwater bodies (Kerala, India) species Ulva clathrata and Chlorella vulgarisis in relation to the physic-chemical water freely occurred in the fresh water ecosystem in quality parameters. Environment, the point of convergence area of Damoder, Development and Sustainability. Rupnarayan and Hooghly rivers near Gadiara, 2021;23:259-290. West Bengal, India.The Ulva clathrata is the first 10. Ghosh et al. Diversity And seasonal time report from this river water. variation of phytoplankton community in the Santragachi Lake,West Bengal, India. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Q Science Connect; 2012. DOI:10.5339/connect.2012.3 11. APHA. Standard Methods for the Our sincere thanks to CSIR and DST PURSE-II Examination of Water and Waste Water. for research funding and also University of 14th Ed Amer Pub Health Ass Washington Kalyani for providing research laboratory. DC. 1985;1268. 12. Ulva clthrata(Roth) Grev. In Alg. Brit. COMPETING INTERESTS 1830;181. 13. Sundaral VS. Marine Alg. 1990;25. Authors have declared that no competing 14. Sahoo et al. Seaweeds Indian Coast. interests exist. 2001;2. 15. Sahoo et al. Porphyra — the economic REFERENCES seaweed as a new experimental system. Current Science. 2002;83:1313–1316. 1. Halder N. Recollections and taxoecological 16. Beyerinek. in Bot. Zeit. 1890;48:747-768. studies of. Coleochaete scutata Bréb., 17. Philpose MT. Chlorococcales. ICAR New Coleochaete pseudosoluta Gauthier Lièvre Dehli. 1967;365. and Coleochaete conchata Möb. West 18. Siddique II, Faridi MAF. The Bengal, India. Nepalese Journal of chlorococcales of peshawar valley. Biosciences. 2015;5(1):21–25. Biologia. 1964;10:53-58. 2. Bhakta et al. Freshwater algae of sikkim 19. Kant P. Gupta in Alg. F1. Ladakh. 1998;84. algae of Tripura. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 20. Rybak AS. Species of Ulva (Ulvophyceae, 2010;89(1-2):169-184. Chlorophyta) as indicators of salinity. 3. Das, Adhikary. Diversity of freshwater Ecological Indicators. 2018;85:253- algae in Arunachal Pradesh and their 261. ______© Copyright Global Press Hub. All rights reserved.

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