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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT Hoogly District

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018

PREPARED BY: Sathi Planners Private Limited QCI-NABET Accredited And ISO 9001:2015 Certified Company Address – Lake Avenue, Kanke Road, Ranchi - 834008, Email – [email protected], Ph. – 7604035778 Website – www.sathiplanners.com

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: West Mineral Development And Trading Corporation Limited A Govt. of Undertaking Regd. Office: 13, Nellie Sengupta Sarani (Lindsay Street), 2nd Floor – 700 087, West Bengal District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Content

Chapter Description Page No. No.

1 Introduction 3

2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District 8

3 The List of Mining Leases in the District with location, area 13 and period of validity

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three years 63

5 Detail of Production of Sand or Bajri or minor mineral in last 63 three years

6 Process of Deposition of Sediments in the rivers of the 64 District

7 General Profile of the District 74

8 Land Utilization Pattern in the district: Forest, Agriculture, 93 Horticulture, Mining etc.

9 Physiography of the District 97

10 Rainfall: Month-Wise and Climatic Condition 98

11 Geology and Mineral Wealth 100

12 Additional Information 103 i. District wise detail of river or stream and other sand source ii. District wise availability of sand or gravel or aggregate resources 13 Mineral Map of the District 126

14 Details of Eco-Sensitive Area, if any, in the District 127

15 Impact on the Environment (Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Flora & 128 Fauna, land use, agriculture, forest etc.) due to mining activity

16 Remedial Measures to mitigate the impact of mining on the 133 Environment

17 Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan 142

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 1

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

PREAMBLE

Keeping in view of experience gained in period of one decade, the MOEF&CC came out with Environmental Impact Assessment Notification S.O.-1533(E) dated 14th Sept.2006. It has been made mandatory to obtain environmental clearance for different kinds of development projects as listed in Scheduled -1 of notification.

Further, pursuance of the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court Petition (C) No. 19628-19629 of 2009, dated 27th Feb.2012 In the matter of Deepak Kumar etc., Vs State of and others etc., prior environmental clearance has now become mandatory for Mining of Minor Minerals irrespective of the area of Mining Lease.

And also in view of the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, order dated the 13th Jan.2015 the matter regarding Sand, Brick earth, & borrowed earth cutting for Road Construction has to take prior E.C. For Mining Lease irrespective of the fact that whether the area involved is more or less than 5 hectares. They also suggested to make a policy on E.C. for sand including other minor minerals mining lease in cluster.

MOEF & CC notification S.O.- 141 (E) dated 15th January 2016, Under 7(iii)(a) it was also suggested to prepare the District survey report for sand mining or river bed mining and mining of other mineral as prescribed in appendix X. This has been modified vide S.O. No.- 3611(E) dated 25th July 2018.

MOEF&CC in consultation with State Government has prepared Guidelines on Sustainable Sand & other Minor minerals mining detailing the provisions on Environmental Clearance for cluster. To ease out E.C. activities MOEF & CC has taken initiative vide S.O.- 190(E) dated 20th January 2016 to create District Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) & DEAC under the chairman ship of respective district commissioner for proper monitoring of Minor Minerals (0-5 Ha.) Mining using Information Technology to track the mineral out material from source to destination.

Appraisal Committee will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of Mining of Minor Mineral on the basis of District Survey report. This will model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical setup, environmental and ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of various departments, published reports, Journal and websites. The District Survey report will form the basis for application for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. District Survey Reports are to be reviewed once in every five years as per statue, however the data bank of DSR can be updated, if required. This order took effect from 01-12-2017

The Main objective of the preparation of District Survey Report is to ensure the following:-

1. Identification of River Bed Sand with geo references.

2. Identification of deposition of silt with geo reference, which is being used for filling purposes and brick manufacturing.

3. Identification of other mineral resources if available.

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 2

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Chapter - 1 Introduction

 District At A Glance:-

Hoogly district is one of the district of the state of West Bengal in . It can alternatively spelt Hoogli or Hugli. The district is named after the Hoogly River. The headquarter of the district is at Chinsura (Chuchura). There are four sub-division in the district namely Chinsura Sadar, , and . The great rive Ganga flows through this district and enhances its importance. The district is a rich zone both in agriculture and industry in West Bengal. There are 23 Police stations, 18 development blocks, 12 and 210 grampanchayets in this district. Other than areas, each sub division contains community development blocks, which in turn are divided into rural areas and census towns. In total there are 40 urban units, 12 municipalities and 28 census towns. There are three Lok-sobha Constituencies in Hoogly district, namely Arambagh (with one assembly segment in Paschsim Medinipur), Hoogly, Serampur (with two assembly segments in district). There are eighteen Assembly Constituencies in Hoogly district, namely , Serampur, , , Chandannagar, Chuchura, , Pandua, , , , , , , , Arambagh, , .

Location of the District

North : 23 01’ 20’’ N

Latitude: South : 22 39’ 32’’ N

East : 88 30’ 15’’ E

Longitude: West : 87 30’ 20’’ E

This district falls under Survey of India Topo Sheet No. 73N/9, 73N/13, 73N/14, 73A/4, 73A/8, 73B/1, 73B/2, 73B/5 and 73B/6. Boundary:- The boundary of the Hoogly district is covered by the Hoogly river (sharing with Nadia in the East & North in the South – East) in the East, in the North. Howrah in the South, Paschim Medinipore in the West, in the North-West.

Nature of Land:- The district is a completely flat land with no place having more than an elevation of 200 meters. Most of the land of the district is alluvial type of soil due to well distribution of river system.

Administrative Units:- The district comprises four subdivisions: Chinsurah, Chandannagore, Srirampore and Arambagh.  No. of Blocks: 18  No. of Panchayat Samities: 18

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 3

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 No. of Municipalities: 11  District Head Quarter: Chinsura  Population with density of population: 5041976 and 1601 per sq. km ( 2001 Census)

Administration Division:- The district comprises four subdivisions: i. Chinsurah (Hoogly Sadar), ii. Chandannagar, iii. Serampore iv. Arambagh.

 Chinsura sub division consists of two municipalities (Hoogly-Chuchura and ) and five community development block: Balagarh, Chinsura-Magra, Dhaniakhali, Pandua and -Dadpur. o Balagarh community development block consists of rural area with 13 grampanchayets and one : Badhagachhi.

o Chinsurah-Magra community development block consist of rural area with 10 gram panchayets and 9 census town: , Raghunathpur, , , Sankhanagar, Chakbansberia, Kulihanda, Simla and Dharampur.

o Dhaniakhali community development block consists of rural areas only with 18 grampanchayats.

o Pandua community development block consists of rural areas with 16 grampanchayats and one census town : Pandua.

o Polba-Dadpur community development block consists of rural areas only with 12 grampanchayats.

 Chandannagar Sub-Division consists of Chandannagar Municipal Corporation and three municipalities (Bhadreswar, Champdani and Tarakeswar) and three community development blocks: Haripal,Singur and Tarakeswar.

o Haripal community development block consists of rural areas only with 15 grampanchayat.

o Singur community development block consists of rural areas with 16 grampanchayats and one census town namely Singur.

o Tarakeswar community development block consists of rural areas only with 10 gram panchayats.

 Serampore Sub-Division consists of five municipalities (Serampore, Uttarpara Kotrung, , and ) and four community development blocks: Chanditala-I, Chanditala-2, Jangipara and Serampore –Uttarpara.

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 4

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

o Chanditala-I community development block consists of rural areas only with 9 gram panchayats.

o Chanditala-2 community development block consists of rural areas only with 12 gram panchayats and 10 census towns: Purba Tajpur, Khar Sarai, Begampur, , Payaragachi, , Garalgachha and Krishnapur.

o Jangipara community development block consists of rural areas only with 10 gram panchayats.

Serampur-Uttarpara community development block consists of rural areas only with 6 gram panchayas and 6 census town: Raghunathpur, Dakshinrajyadharpur, , Rishra, Nabagram and .

 Arambagh Sub-Division consists of Arambag Municipality and six community development block : Arambag, Khanakul-I, Khanakul-2, Goghat-I, Goghat-2 and Pursura o Arambag community development block consists of rural areas only with 15 gram panchayats.

o Khanakul-I community development block consists of rural areas only with 13 gram panchayats.

o Khanakul-I community development block consists of rural areas only with 13 gram panchayats.

o Khanakul-2 community development block consists of rural areas only with 11 gram panchayats.

o Goghat-I community development block consists of rural areas only with 7 gram panchayats.

o Goghat-2 community development block consists of rural areas only with 9 gram panchayats.

o Pursurah community development block consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 5

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 Connectivity Facilities In Hoogly District:-

Roads: National Highway-57 Km and state highway-234 Km passes through the district. There are 313 Km of main district road, 1146.24 Km of other district road, 8700.87 Km of road and 2167.69 Km of municipal road covered the road communication of this district.

Indicative Location of Railway Stations In Hoogly District

Rail: The railway communication of the district, especially at the suburban area is very developed. is the railway headquarter off the district. Bandel is the largest and busiest rail station of the district and also a vital Junction Station of India. There are four junction station of Hoogly and they are; Bandel Junction, junction, junction and Seoraphuli junction. The railway of the district is under Howrah division. The first train of ER started its journey from Howrah to Hoogly.

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 6

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Location Map of Hoogly District

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 7

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Chapter - 2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District

 Availability of Minerals

Hoogli district doesn’t count to be a mineral rich district of the state, however sand mining and brick earth mining takes a vital role in the economic development of the district.

Deposit of coarse to fine graded yellow sand, suitable for construction purpose, can be seen in the dry riverbed of Dwarkeshwar and Mundeshwari river. Due to close proximity with important cities of the state, apart from sand mining, brick manufacturing industry is also blooming in the district. A very environment friendly silt earth mining is carried out in the district through arresting the silt sediment into silt ponds and using it as raw material for manufacturing bricks. Brick manufacturing industry, since decades, in the district plays a vital role in maintaining the demand-supply curve of construction grade bricks in the state.

 SILT EARTH BRICK:- Silt Earth Brick manufacturing process in West Bengal was started in way back 200 years ago during English regime. Presently more than 15000 such Brick Manufacturing units are operating in W.B. These units are producing approximately 1200 million Bricks per year which is 70% of the total requirement. Way back since 1936, mostly Silt collection ponds are recorded as ‘IT-KHOLA” on ROR (Right of Record) i.e. in revenue record of W.B Govt. till date.

STEPS INVOLVED IN BRICK MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing of bricks consists of the following 4 operations or steps.

1. Preparation of brick clay or brick earth 2. Moulding of bricks 3. Air drying of bricks 4. Burning of bricks

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 8

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 9

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 SILT COLLECTION PROCESS OF SILT COLLECTION:- West Bengal have long coastal line from Orissa to , where large number of small & big rivers ends in . Apart from about 50 to 60 small rivers from Bhutan enters in West Bengal and goes to Bangladesh. All such rivers also collect Silts while passing from West Bengal. During high tide, the height varies from 1.5 to 3 m (especially during PURNIMA & AAMAWASHYA) in sea (Bay of Bengal) twice in 24 hours the natural flow of river water get reverted back towards up stream side of the river due to high tide. During this period the river water height go up to 1.5 m to 3m from the normal water level of river having no turbulence. The muddy water of river enters in to the series of Silting ponds connecting each other which is at lower level of normal water level of the river through a water canal opening connecting the river & remain stagnant for 2 to 21/2hours, due to nil turbulence which allows the silt (‘POLI MITTI”-Local term) to deposit in the silting ponds. During low tide period the water from the silting pond goes back to river natural flow. The complete one cycle takes 12 hrs & the same is repeated in remaining 12hrs of a day. The connecting river canal mouth closing operation starts in the ASTHAMI OR NOVMI TITHI of October every year because of low tide period & full closing completed by AMAWASHYA/PURANIMA of same month to avoid entering of water during high tide period. In the same way the canal mouth is opened in the end of May every year in the similar dates (TITHI) because of start of monsoon season to get higher concentrate of silt from back flow of river.

Silt Rich Water Entering Silt-Tanks

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 10

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Closing of Canal Mouth

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 11

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 12

Chapter - 3 List of Mining Lease in the District With Location, Area And Period of Validity

3.1 List of Brick Kiln/Bhatta in the district:-

SL NO. Name of Name of the Brick Type ADDRESS Mouza with Khatian Plot No. Total E.C Memo Block Field (Earth/ J.L. No. No. Area (in number Silt) acre)

1 SINGUR M/S- A.P.D. Earth Sajal Das, Bansidhar Bilkuli-2 224/1 367, 4.7 643 dt. 14.11.2017 Das,Bilkuli Noapara 367/1190 (BM 70/17)

2 SINGUR M/S- Draupadi Earth 288 G T Road, - 5011, RS-5043, 1.539 639 dt. 14.11.17 Industries (Previously Baidyabati, Hooghly, Champadani- 414/1, LR-5301 (BM 80/17) Champdani Brick Owner- Kiran Singh, 21 2621/2, Field) Hariharnath Singh, 301/1 Champdani

3 SINGUR M/S- Bengal Brick Earth Bhabani Prasad Nanda-40 504 696 0.99 182 dt. 16.03.2018 Works Pal,Nanda , Singur (BM 216)

4 SINGUR M/S- Maa Borai Earth Kashinath Chandannaga 876 975, 978 3.24 B690 dt. Chandi B/F Agarwal,Kundu Ghat, r-1 08.12.2017M 56/19 Chandannagar District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

5 SINGUR M/S- Annapurna B/F( Earth Tarun Ghosh & -90 3086 - 2073 - 6.26 19 dt. 03.01.18 B.B.S. B/F ) ors,Nabagram 3088, 2078, 3098, 999, 2065 - 1211, 2068, 1224, 2066/281 1644, 5, 2305 1028, 1373, 2975, 1351, 3090, 3092, 3093, 1227, 1566, 1227, 670, 1187, 180, 1323, 1926 - 1929, 304, 1043, 3117, 3122, 3123, 3124, 3127 6 SINGUR M/S- Biswas Brick Earth Prabir Nasibpur-90 1113, 1791, 1.94 43 dt. 15.01.2018 Field (Pratima B/F) ChalkiDeshapara 1171, 1792, (BM 150 / 25) 1317, 1793, 1461, 1796, 1473, 175, 277, 424, 481, 485, 570, 609, 176, 277,

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 14 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

7 SINGUR M/S- Tara Ma Brick Earth Ashok Kumar Nasibpur-90 2758 2.74 474 A dt. field . Bag,Deshapar,Diara,Sing 02.08.2017 (677 dt. ur 06.12.17(list)

8 SINGUR M/S- Mahamaya Brick Earth Vill & P.O-Nanda, P.S- Nanda-40 377, 384, 468/822, 1.39 282 dt. 10.05.2018 Field Singur, Pin-712124, 489, 723, 470/824, (BM 235) Owner- Dhananjoy Bag 510, 133, 471/826, 417, 1711, 470, 471, 1716, 471/825, 1183, 9 SINGUR M/S- Joy B/F Earth Vill & P.O. - Bighati, Bejra-4 582, 123, 1096, 1.54 114 dt. 12.02.2018 Owner-Babita Mondal, 183, 210, 1097, (BM 187 / 27) , P.O.- 246, 495, 1104 Bighati, Hooghly 1019, 1020, 1021 10 SINGUR M/S- Satyanarayan Earth Vill-Hakimpur,P.O- Hakimpur-41 123, 129, 149, 152 2.13 691 dt.08.12.17 (Bm (GEE TEE ESS) B/F Nanda,Singur, Owner- 145, 150, 81/19) Tapas Kumar Patra 175, 182, 183, 34, 37, 465, 80, 9, 91, 76, 218, 219 11 SINGUR M/S- Balarampur B/F Earth Rabindranath Balarampur- 315 1.16 07 dt. 04.01.2017 Mondal,,Singur 31 (677 dt. 06.12.17(list)

12 SINGUR M/S- G.B.W. &Co. Earth Tushar Kanti Ghosh Bighati-14 515/1 941, 944, 2.82 34 dt.10.01.18 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 15 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

13 SINGUR M/S- B.D & Co. Earth Shankar Agarwal & Noapara-29 1124, 2.6439 449 dt. ors,Noapara , Singur 1124 - 28.07.2017677 dt. 1126, 06.12.17(list) 2339, 1074 14 SINGUR M/S- S.B.D B/F Earth Jagabandhu Nabagram-3 324 22, 23 1.64 30. dt. 10.01.2018 Das,Nabagram,Mankund u Singur

15 SINGUR M/S- Nanda Rani B/F Earth Pradip kumar Das,Bilkuli, Bilkuli-2 192/1 900, 902, 3.07 29 dt. 10.01.2018 Singur 1022

16 SINGUR M/S- Kalimata B/F Earth Sachindranath Das, Vill- Nasibpur-90 1013/1, 450, 452, 1.13 764 dt. 27.12.2018 Deshapara, P.O.- 2617, 453, 455, Dearah, Singur 2618, 578, 456 1131, 639, 911, 1585/1, 1633/2 17 SINGUR M/S- Dhara B/F Earth Noapara , Singur, Noapara-29 412, 413, 2.67 422 dtd 06.07.17 Owner-Gokul Dhara, 414, 415, Jarura, Sugandha 416, 422

18 SINGUR M/S- Mondal (Heera Earth Naskarpur,Bighati, Laskarpur-32 88, 191 193, 2.11 04 dt. 03.01.2018 B/F), Naskarpur Owner-Rabishankar 193/766 (BM 111/22) Dutta

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 16 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

19 SINGUR M/S- Parbati (Akash Earth Mumtaz Begum,Nanda, Nanda-40 357, 669, 148, 154, 1.87 16 dt. 03.01.18 B/F) Singur 729, 1432, 182 80, 654, 1200, 1550 20 SINGUR M/S- Mondal B/F, Earth Krishna Chandra Nabagram-3, 913, 652 654, 655, 5.54 712 dt. 08.12.2017 Nabagram Mondal, Mouza- Bejra & Bjra-4 660, 665, Nabagram, Vill- 212, 406, Nabagram, P.O.- 407, 409 , P.S.- Bhadraswar, Pin-712139 21 SINGUR M/S- Ashalata Brick Earth Gopal dey , Sanjib Ladkarpur-32 659, 668, 2.2189 464 dt. 31.07.2017 Works Kumar Ghosh, Vill- 669, 671, (677 dt. Naskarpur, P.O.-Bighati, 674 06.12.17(list) 22 SINGUR M/S- Debee B/F Earth Nanigopal Dutta,Nanda, Nanda-40 327, 225, 202, 204, 2.34 714 dt. 08.12.17 Singur 353/1, 205, 206, 679/2, 207, 203, 102, 111, 961, 962, 1227 23 SINGUR M/S- Sundry B/F (Unit Earth Mohitlal Nanda-40 1435 3.49 476 dtd. 02.08.17 I) Ghosh,Bagdanga,Nanda, Singur 24 SINGUR M/S- Hooghly B/F Earth Tapan Kumar Noyapara-29 822/1, 501, 502, 2.7 3 dt. 03.01.18 (BM (HBF) Mondal,Noapara , Singur 1801, 503, 504, 119/22) 607, 608, 609, 498, 501, 502, 503, 504, 607, 608, 609, 498, 499

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 17 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

25 SINGUR M/S- Prasadi B/F (Sri Earth Mohitlal Hakimpur-41 115, 121, 1.0625 475 dtd. 02.08.17 Krishna B/F) Ghosh,Hakimpur

26 SINGUR M/S- Baba Taraknath Earth Vill & P.O.-Nanda, Nanda-40 867, 845, 236, 237, 1.63 Rejected BM 168 / B/F Singur, Owner-Sudipto 188 236/812, 26 AND allowed Das 236/813, 273 dt. 10.05.2018 236/814 RECOMMENDED- BM 224

27 SINGUR M/S- Maa Mongal Earth Mohitlal Nasibpur-90, 4539, 0.939 460 dtd. 31.07.17 Chandi B/F(S.C.G) Ghosh,Hakimpur Molla Simla- 4540, 353 95

28 SINGUR M/S- Raju B/F (Bricks) Earth Vill-Bilkuli, P.O.- Bilkuli-2 11, 442 994, 998, 3.65 15 dt. 03.01.2018 Nowapara, P.S.- 995, 999, Bhadreswar, Pin-712138, 993 Owner- Raju Mondal, S/O-Nemai Charan Mondal,Bilkuli 29 SINGUR M/S- Balajee B/F Earth Mahendra Chandannaga 384, 389 1.8599 448 dt. 28.07.2017 Agarwala,Kundu Ghat , r-1 (677 dt. Chandannagar 06.12.17(list)

30 SINGUR M/S- Shibdurga B/F Earth Tarun Ghosh, Sujit Nasibpur-90 327/1, 4927, 2.37 651 dt. 14.11.2017 Kumar 2511, 4943, (677 dt. SighaRoy,Deshapara, 2512, 576 4941, 06.12.17(list) Singur 4940

31 SINGUR M/S- Mahaprabhu B/F Earth Vill & P.O.-Nasibpur, Nasibpur-90 1589/1, 1945, 2.08 122 dt. 12.02.2018 Singur, Subhasis Manna 1933, 912, 1943/296 (BM 195 / 27) 1934 - 5 1937

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 18 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

32 SINGUR M/S- Surya Narayan Earth Surya Narayan Garji-6 2167/318 3.3899 474 dtd 02.08.17 Nandy B/F Nandy,Gorjee 8, 2167/318 9, 2167/319 3, 2162, 2167, 803, 804 33 SINGUR M/S- Parbati Earth Vill & P.O.- Nasibpur, Garji-6 59, 173, 2095 2.45 184 dt. 16.03.2018 B/F Hooghly, Owner-Subodh 249, 299, (BM 205) Kumar Mondal 360, 676 ,Madhabpur, P.O.- Bighati, Hooghly

34 SINGUR M/S- Raja B/F(Now Earth Noapara, Baichipoata, Noapara-29 2001, 1317, 1.58 688 dt. 08.12.17 operated by M/S ST Owner-Samaresh Saha & 1998 1319 (BM 29/19) B/F) ors,Noapara , Singur

35 SINGUR M/S- Uma B/F Earth Mohitlal Nasibpur-90 1751, 1.2849 675 dtd. 21.12.17 (Chandimata B/F) Ghosh,Bagdanga,Nashib 1797, pur,Deshapara, 1798 36 HARIPAL M/s. B.M. Bricks Earth Nemai Ch Biswas vill- Balia-04 661 - 663 2937, 2.53 60 dt. 16.01.2018 Balia, Bahirkhanda 2939, P.O-, P.S- 2940, Haripal 2941, 2937/312 1 37 HARIPAL Mandakini B/F Earth Bidyut SarkarVill- Radhanagar- 786, 788 344 163 111 dt. 12.02.2018 Radhanagore, P.O.- 85 P.S- Haripal

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 19 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

38 HARIPAL Amar B.F. Earth Kartick ch Das,Vill- 63, 77 220, 221, 1.95 159 dt. 05.03.2018 Panisheola, P.S-Haripal -11 227 - 231 (BM 210)

39 HARIPAL Nanda B.F. Earth Prasanta Kumar Dwarhata-45 165, 672 835, 1191, 1.68 97 dt. 31.01.2018 Pal,Vill+P.O- 1186 (BM 178 / 26) Ramhatitala,Dwarhatta, Haripal

40 HARIPAL M/S-Marbel B/F Earth Ramendranath Purbamallick 717, 877 134, 135, 0.62 124 dt. 12.02.2018 GhoshVill-Purba pur-130 137, 307 (BM 197 / 27) Mallickpur, P.O-Illahipur, P.S-Haripal

41 TARAKESW M/S-Tarama B/F Earth Ratnakar Dey,Aknapur, Aknapur-37 256/1, 230, 243, 2.06 45 dt. 15.01.2018 AR (Ratnakar Dey) P.O-Madpur, Tarakeswar 278, 401, 244, 245, (BM 161 / 25) 182, 211, 246, 255, 370, 397, 256, 257, 426, 892, 258, 259, 893 230 42 TARAKESW M/S-Manashi B/F Earth Vill & P.O-Baligori, P.S- Baligori-53, 850 - 855, 2488, 1.67 98 dt. AR Tarakeswar, Bijali Kumar 2128, 651 2492, 31.01.2018BM 179 / Paul 2494 26

43 TARAKESW Tarak Nath B/F Earth Pankaj Prasad,Bagbari, Bagbari-47 785, 786, 3.4594 453 dtd 28.07.17 AR Baligori, Tarakeswar, 787, 789, Pin-712410 935, 933, 974, 988, 940, 945

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 20 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

44 TARAKESW M/S-Bhola Nath B/F Earth Vill & P.O.- Baligori, P.S.- Baligori-53, 836, 69/5, 2357, 489, 4.35 656 dt. 14.11.17 AR Tarakeswar, Owner- Bagbari-47, 58, 485, 2449, Tapati Rani Charit Baligori-53 2292, 2450 Modak, Near Guest 2293, House, Ward No. 6, 2328, Tarakeswar Municipality, 69/5 Pin- 712410 45 TARAKESW M/S- Tarama B/f Earth Vill-Kanaipur, P.O- Kanaipur-46 6/1, 18 190,201, 3.02 285 dt.10.05.2018 AR Baligori, P.S- 189 (BM 265) Tarakeswar, Owner- Harej Midde(Present owner) Ashim Kumar Banerjee(previous) 46 PANDUA Neala Brick Earth Khairul Alam, Niala Vill- Neyala-132 2959, 640 dt. 14.11.17 IndustriesM/S-N.B.I. Pandua Bosepara 2962, (BM 66/17) Pandua 2976, 2980, 2981, 2986, 2969 - 2974, 2978, 2979, 2982, 2984, 2985, 2987 - 2992, 3278 47 PANDUA M/S- Munshi Traders Earth Nafique Ahmed Vill + Rameswarpu 872/1, 542(477), 6.34 657 dt. 14.11.2017 P.O. -Bhastara r-87 1890, 547(481), (677 dt. 954/1, 548(482), 06.12.17(list) 1229/2, 550(484), 229/2, 560(493), 930/1, 505(469), 472/1 538(473),

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 21 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

539(474), 540(475), 541(476), 561(494), 562(496/4 95), 564(501), 512(496), 563(496) 48 PANDUA M/S- Rani Brick Field Earth Sk.Akhtaruddin, Vill- Mondalai-37 1400, 2064, 1.9 BM 232 (Berui Brick Field) Sripala P.O.- 1401, 2267, (BBF) Pandua,Hooghly 2015, 2273, 1399, 440, 2266, 2264, 2237 49 PANDUA M/S- Tara Maa (TMB Earth Ruhi Das Pal,Vill- Mondalai-37 1404, 1707, 2.97 659 dt. 14.11.2017 ) Pandua Joypur 1736 1998, (BM 72/17 ) Road,P.O.- Pandua 2025, 2214, 2260, 2275, 464 50 PANDUA M/S- G.B.F. (Goarah Earth Kashinath Ghosh, Goarah-53 947, 1023, 320, 322, 0.68 5 dt. 03.01.18 (BM b/f) Goara,P.O. - Shimlagarh, 1021, 326, 506, 112/22) Pandua 1022 507, 262, 298,

51 PANDUA M/S- Puja Brick Field Earth Sudhir ranjan Das,Vill - Chandrahati- 752, 627, 707, 709, 2.43 BM 50/19 Chandrahati 113 626, 625, 712, 713, 751, 750, 721, 722, 749 723

52 PANDUA M/S- M/S Paul Brick Earth Subrata Kundu, Vill- Nandingram- 41/1 1893, 2.1 641 dt. 14.11.2017 Field (Formerly Raju Nandigram P.O- 74 1894, (BM 74/17) BF) 1897, 1900, 1896

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 22 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

53 PANDUA M/S-Neala Brick Field Earth Abdul Mannan ,Vill - Neyala-132 283, 191, 2979, 2.73 23 dt. 03.01.18 Neala P.O.- Pandua 496, 2982, 760/1 2983, 2984, 2985, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2996, 2997, 2998, 2999, 3002, 3004, 3006 54 PANDUA M/S- K.B.I. Khanyan Earth Sk. Jamaluddin Ahmed, 174, 175, 3.1604 662 dt.16.11.17 B/Industries Shyamsundarpur, pur-131 225, 226 Pandua Vill + P.O.- Khannyan

55 PANDUA M/S- Sarai Brick Field Earth Abu Taher sarkar,Vill + Sarai-39 1839, 1126, 2.36 644 dtd. 14.11.17 (Ali Sarkar B.F) P.O.- sarai P.S.- 1840, 1132, Pandua 1841, 1133, 1842 1134, 1139, 1740, 1741, 1743, 1746, 1758 56 PANDUA M/S-R.B.F. Brick Field Earth Hemanta -8 71, 104, 123, 124, 1.07 32 dt. 10.01.2018 Bhagat,Vill+P.O- 143, 141, 169, 170, Mallickpur ,Pundooah 37, 90/1, 90/2

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 23 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

57 PANDUA M/S- Nisha B/F,HBF Earth Deb Senapati Hatni-63 785/1 253, 254, 0.62 698 dt. 08.12.17 Kumar,Hatni,Pundooah 255 (BM 105/21)

58 PANDUA Sk. Asraf Ali & others Earth Abu Taher Sarkar,Vill. - 326, 410, 411, 6.08 711 dt. 08.12.17 Namajgram, P.O.- 104 1769/326, 412, 415, (Bm 31/19) Pandua. 1769/241 415/1274, 9, 420, 2, 37, 2149/176 37/38, 38, 9, 1769, 39, 40, 41, 326/2149, 42, 43, 44, 980, 1189, 45, 46, 83, 982, 1395, 86, 982/980, 412/1273, 96, 415/1274, 468/595, 2007, 2009, 981 59 PANDUA M/S S.B.F (Sreepala Earth Najma Ahmed,Vill. Daulatpur- 209 - 3.8918 538 dt. 30.08.2017 BF) Kshirkundi, Sripala, P.O. 106 2016, (677 dt. Pandua 2019 - 224 06.12.17(list) 60 PANDUA M/S Salam Brick Earth Md. Yasin,Vill.- Samsundarpu 98, 33/2, 113, 116, 3.42 160 dt. 05.03.2018 Industries,S.B.I Shyamsundarpur, Niala, r-131 178, 177, 116/273, (BM 213) P.O.- Pandua 176, 1129, 116/274, 1130, 2806, 2805 61 PANDUA M/S. Ghosh Enterprise Earth Montu Ghosh,Vill.- Mallickpur-8 35, 41/1, 159, 160, 5.05 50 dt. 15.01.2018 Mallikpur, P.O.- 89, 151, 162, 171, (BM 155 / 25) 47, 291, 172, 173, 104, 143, 174, 176, 46, 140, 206, 207 141, 27, 88,

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 24 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

62 PANDUA M/S. Ghosh B/F Earth Murari Mohan Ghosh, Boinchi-20 4405, 9039, 3.99 705 dt. 08.12.17 Vill.- Sodepara, P.O.- 1568, 9040, (BM 102/21) Boinchi, Pandua 2108, 9073, 2456, 9074, 1484, 9075, 1197, 9077, 2612, 412, 9078, 1134, 349, 7079, 2023, 9081, 2250, 90982, 2782, 9083, 5833, 9085, 2612, 99, 9086, 2288, 9088, 2720, 412, 9090, 1484, 9091, 4653, 9092, 3507, 9093, 1279, 9094, 1322, 9096, 1928, 9111, 1484 9112 63 PANDUA M/S.- Abul Kalam & Earth Abul Kalam,Vill. Khirkundi- 92, 286, 243 - 248, 1.83 701 dt.. 08.12.17 Sons (A.K.B.F.) Khirkundi, P.O.- Pandua 101 858, 555, 250, 390, (BM 100/21) 250, 556, 395/1121, 379, 858, 397 - 400 206, 64 PANDUA M/S. S.D.B. Earth Deonath Singh Vill & Rameswarpu 495, 566, 4891, 3.56 Rejected BM P.O. Rameswarpur, r-87 1127, 4893, 33/19 274 dt. Pandua 2272, 820, 4896, 10.05.2018 2278, 4899, Recommended - BM 2279, 4900, 225 2261, 4901, 2262, 5289, 4413, 5291 4393

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 25 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

65 PANDUA M/S. U.B.F. (United), Earth Vill-Saibuna,P.O.- Niala-132 197 1334 - 2.38 379 dt. 09.07.2018 Kalna BF Pandua, Sanjoy Kundu, 1336, (BM 242/31) (Previous owner-Osman 1339, Goni,Vill.- Bagmaidan, 1340 P.O. & P.S.- Pandua) 66 PANDUA M/S. Manisha BF (old- Earth Vill-, Mouza- Deypara-141 77, 1715, 1837, 4.55 280 dt. 10.05.2018 Joy Tarama BF )/ Deypara, P.O.- Daspur, 1338, 406, 1838, (BM 233) Bablu BF P.S.-Pandua, Owner- Sk. 198, 635, 1839, Sajid Ali Mondal 489, 55, 1841, 478, 326, 1882, 736, 1883, 1888, 1889, 1891, 1840, 1842, 67 PANDUA M/S. M.B.I. Earth Sanjoy Kundu, Vill. & Shyamsundar 221, 163, 127, 1.02 161 dt. 05.03.2018 (Mainadanga Brick P.O. Khyannan, Pandua, pur-131 10/2, 220, 188/302, (BM 215) Industry) 68/1, 184 195, 195/305, 197, 197/307, 199, 200, 201/310, 194 68 POLBA- M/S B.K.Paul (M/s- Earth Mouza- Patul Patul - 72 67, 82/1, 131, 133, 4.04 682 dt.08.12.17 (BM DADPUR Durga B/F) G.P.- Sugandha 251, 234 174, 179, 84/19) 182, 177, 183, 195 69 POLBA- M/S Kamal Brick Field Earth Owner- Kamal Pal, Patul-72 62/1 292, 293, 2.45 21 dt. 031.18 DADPUR Lakshmi Narayan Patra, 294/314 Mouza- Patul, G.P.- Rajhat

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 26 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

70 POLBA- M/S. Saradamoni B/F Earth Bhusanara, Sugandha, Bhushnara- 208/1, 732, 729, 1.11 638 dt. 14.11.17 DADPUR Polba 94 403, 725 (BM 68/17)

71 POLBA- M/S Tara Brick Works Earth Boral Malimpur, P.O- Baral 327, 330, 3.0146 93 dt. 10.02.17 DADPUR (TBW) , Rajhat, Malimpur-30 334 Polba, Owner- Sukalyan Seth 72 POLBA- M/S. J.B.W. B/F Earth Ramprasad Mollick Jhampa-28 142, 143, 225(182), 5.26 47 dt. DADPUR Mouza- Jampha 139, 140, 300(215), 15.01.2018BM 158 / G.P.- Rajhat 141, 142, 302(219) 25 143, 171,

73 POLBA- M/S Dayananda Singh Earth Sagarnapara, P.O. Dhuliara-27 1411, 3.3605 92 dt. 10.02.2017 DADPUR B/F , P.S Polba 1411/290 (677 dt. 7 06.12.17(list)

74 POLBA- M/S B & R Agarwala Earth Dhuliara, P.O-Rajhat, Dhuliyara-27 2414, 4.423 459 dt. 31.07.2017 DADPUR Polba, kashinath agarwal 2423, (677 dt. 2424, 06.12.17(list) 2426, 2427 75 POLBA- M/S P.K. Bricks Earth Mouza- Patul, P.O- Patul-72, 86, 89, 94, 7.2894 454 dtd 28.07.17 DADPUR Sugandha Kamdebpur- 95, 96, 97, 73 101, 102, 107, 110, 114, 116, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 19/795, 22/829 76 POLBA- M/S Rajeswari B/F Earth Mouza- Dhuliara, Dhuliayara- 1134, 1307 2.48 50 dt. 15.01.2018 DADPUR Rajeswaripur, Mogra, 27 1133, (BM 149 / 25) Pin-712148 1136 G.P.- Rajhat

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 27 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

77 POLBA- M/S Rajeswari B/W Earth Hosenabad, Rajhat, Hosenabad- 564, 565 919, 915, 1.04 Rejected and again DADPUR Polba, Pin-712148 26 916, 917 allowed vide No. 91 dt. 31.01.2018

78 POLBA- M/S National B/F Earth Roop Kumar Sarkar, Kidhipur-43 149, 188, 2.2313 666 dtd. 23.11.17 DADPUR Khidirpur, Dadpur. 189, 192 - 194, 196 - 198, 201, 202 79 POLBA- M/S Friends B/F Earth Gotu, P.O.-Sugandha, Gotu-63 882 5162 6 181 dt. 16.03.2018 DADPUR Polba, Pin-712102, (BM 214) Owner-Tarun Maira

80 POLBA- M/S Samrat B/F Earth Tapas Sadhu, Vill & P.S.- Eranga-77, 129, 380, 305, 326, 4.35 710 dt.08.12.17 DADPUR Dadpur, Hooghly Kamdebpur- 106, 126, 309, 306, 73 478, 455, 307, 308, 547,558, 310, 311, 267, 375, 312, 313, 673 1177, 1178 81 POLBA- M/S Himalaya B/F Earth Barackpur Nowapara, Barackpur-67 55, 159 RS-191, 4.17 702 dt. 08.12.2017 DADPUR (HBF) Rajhat, P.O.- LR-229, (BM 99/21) Debanandapur, Polba RS-192, LR-230, RS-193, LR-239, RS-194, LR-228, RS-194, LR-238, RS-200, LR-246,

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 28 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

RS-201, LR-245, RS-202, LR-240, RS-203, LR-242, RS-205, LR-237, RS-206, LR-231, 82 POLBA- M/S Gita B/F ( now Earth Kamal Mukherjee, C/O. Dhuliara-27 411, 845, 1352, 4.6 185 dt. DADPUR Songam BF, Formerly Manik Patra Mouza- 846, 847 1304, 16.03.2018BM 208) SKS Brick Field) Dhuliara 1305, G.P.- Rajhat 1302, 1303 83 POLBA- M/S Moon B/F(BPD) Earth Vill & P.O.-Kamdevpur, Kamdebpur- 738, 736, 755, 764, 2.13 20 dt. 03.01.18 DADPUR sugandha, P.S- Polba, 73 737, 383, 755, 762, Owner-Sailendra Ghosh, 385, 384 766, Madhu Mondal 84 POLBA- M/S K.G.F. (Formerly- Earth Erenga, P.O.-Jarura, Jarura-93, 280, 693, 175, 176, 1.86 8 dt. 03.01.18 (BM DADPUR S.B.F. / Nirman BF) Owner-Sailen koley, Arrenga-77 708, 205, 177, 196, 115/22) (Previously Monindra 13, 90, 199, Majhi) 383, 391, 662/801, 241 662/802 85 POLBA- M/S Gora Chand Brick Earth Vill & P.O.-Jarura, Jarura-93 705, 419, 1157, 1.39 684 dt. 08.12.17 DADPUR Field Sughandha, Polba. 421 1160, (BM 86/19) 1161, 86 POLBA- M/S Mogra Brick Field. Earth Hosenabad, P.O.-Mogra, Hosenabad- 894, 4.3909 472 dtd 01.08.17 DADPUR P.S.-Polba, Owner- 26 895,898 Kamal Das

87 POLBA- M/S Avijan B/F Earth Mouza- Barsara, P.O.- Barsanda-82 724 2.7181 473A dtd 02.08.17 DADPUR Alipur, P.S-Dadpur, Owner-Sunil Das

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 29 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

88 POLBA- M/S Dey Enterprise Earth Vill-Noapara, Rajhat, Barakpur-67 55, 159, 259, 278, 3.17 709 dt. 08.12.17 DADPUR N.B.F.A. P.O.- Debanandapur, 27 288, 301 Subhashish Dey & Pijush Dasgupta 89 POLBA- M/S Bachacha B/F Earth Tarabehari, Polba Tarabihari-29 173 252, 253, 4.67 112 dt. 12.02.2018 DADPUR 255, 256, (BM 185 / 27) 263, 566

90 CHINSURA M/S- D.M. Earth Vill- Krishnapur, P.O.- Krishnapur- 474, 289 2.91 Rejected ( BM 174 / H - MOGRA Enterprise Krishnapur- Debanandapur, Bandel, Chandanpur- 246/1, 26 ), 276 dt. Chandanpur, P.S- Chinsurah, Pin- 1 242/1, 10.05.2018, 712123, Owner-Joyanta 368/1, Recommended - BM Das 248, 736, 227 735, 677, 676, 473/2, 20/1, 216/1, 47, 3/1, 385, 371, 358 91 CHINSURA M/S. Prakash Bricks Earth Roma Singh,35 Bansberia-53 542, 3790, 4522, 2.644 186 DT. 16.03.2018 H - MOGRA Dhobaghat, Banshberia 4250, 4881, (BM 211) 4251 4521, 4880, 92 CHINSURA M/S. L.B.S. BF ( Earth Om Prakash Alikhoja-43 122, 331, 974, 975, 3.63 89 dt. 31.01.2018 H - MOGRA Formerly National Singh,Alikhonja, Mogra 587, 649, 976 (BM 169 / 26) Brick Works) 652, 655,

93 CHINSURA M/S. Paul BF Earth Paresh Paul,Alikhonja, Alikhoja-43 771, 772 BM 172 / 26 H - MOGRA Mogra

94 CHINSURA M/S. Sen Bhagat BF Earth Chawk-Banshberia, P.O- Chalkbansber 1251, 304, 544, 2.3 646 dt.14.11.17 H - MOGRA Boropara,Hooghly, ia-52 1252, 532/1310, Owner- Sachin Bhagat 3513, 533, 294, 1628 - 301 1635,

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 30 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

4057, 4386, 137

95 CHINSURA M/S Moon BF Earth Ashish Dakshin 177 - 184 63 7.19 46 dt. 15.01.18 (BM H - MOGRA Ghosh,Adisaptagram Hajipur-46 159 / 25)

96 CHINSURA M/S. Narayan BF Earth Adi Saptagram, P.S- Saptagram- 66, 183, 186, 187, 4.16 658 dt. 14.11.17 H - MOGRA Mogra, Owner-Biswajit 45 185, 184 188, 189, Das 190 97 CHINSURA M/S. Sun BF Earth Taraknath Dey,Dakshin Dakshin 131, 133, 37/84, 33, 2.83 87 dt. 31.01.2018 H - MOGRA Hazipur,Adisaptagram, Hajipur-46 166, 167, 34, 37 (677 dt. Mogra 168, 06.12.17(list) 98 CHINSURA M/S. Nalini BF Earth Ajit Uttar 5709, 4.9667 450 dt, 28.07.2017 H - MOGRA Ganguly,Buroshibtala,Ut Chandannaga 5712, tarchandannagore, r-21 5725, Hooghly 5778 99 CHINSURA M/S Mou BF Earth SK. Gul Bahar, Dakshin 116, 115 29, 30, 31 3.11 113 dt. 12.02.2018 H - MOGRA Saptagram, P.O. & P.S.- Hajipur-46 (BM 186 / 27) Mogra, Owner add- Krishnapur, Debanandapur, P.S.- Chinsurah 100 CHINSURA M/S. Roy Brothers Earth Shankhanagar, P.O.- Sankhanagar- 419, 418, 86, 88 2.04 100 dt. 31.01.2018 H - MOGRA Bansberia, P.S.- Mogara, 38 233 (BM 182 / 26) Shewomoni Roy,Saptagram

101 CHINSURA M/S. Bengal BF Earth Tapas Dakshin 2, 40, 47 40, 41 3.03 90 dtd. 31.01.2018 H - MOGRA Dasgupta,Saptagram,Da Hajipur-46 (BM 170 / 26) kshin Hajipur, Mogra

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 31 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

102 CHINSURA M/S. Keota BF Unit-I Earth Keota Kultala, Keota, Keota-7 1 8782, 2.7641 678 dtd. 07.12.2017 H - MOGRA (Brick Kiln situated on Hooghly 8629, Govt. Land) 8633, 8582, 8538 103 CHINSURA M/S. Ram Naumi Earth Dhananjoy Krishnapur- 939, 958, 4.423 347 dt. 15.05.2017 H - MOGRA Singh Singh,Krishnapur, Chandanpur- 961, 959, [677 dt. Debanandapur 1 996, 997, 06.12.17(list)] 1014, 1025, 960 104 CHINSURA M/S. Raja BF Earth Sk. Firoz Hoera-1, 757, 759, 1435, 2.22 686 dt. 08.12.17 H - MOGRA Ahmed,Madhupur, Champarui-6 125, 489, 1436, (BM 27/19) Hoera, Mogra 142, 51, 1437, 93, 223, 1439, 335, 439, 1440, 471, 530, 1441, 4, 447, 1443, 486, 487, 1445, 477, 1446, 680, 201/1, 28, 694 879, 865, 866, 867 105 CHINSURA M/S. Gold BF Earth Subhasis Gajaghanta- 245/1496, 506, 507, 0.53 713 dt. 08.12.17 H - MOGRA Dey,Gajaghanta, 41 285 508 Basudebpur, Mogra

106 CHINSURA M/S. Sankha B/W Earth Gourmohan Sankhanagar- 4/352 2.2486 91 dt. 10.02.2017 H - MOGRA Seth,Sankhanagar, 38 (677 dt. Saptagram, Mogra 06.12.17(list)

107 CHINSURA M/S- Earth Mouza-Dingalhat, Dingalhat-44 63/2 142 1.43 284 dt. 10.05.2018 H - MOGRA Pabak Enterprise Namajgarh, P.O.- (BM 237) Adcconagar, Saptagram, Owner- Bindu Bhusan

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 32 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Paul, Sukumar Chakraborty

108 DHANIAKH GBF Earth Haraprasad Ghosh & Gurap-126 3873, 4.2254 452 dtd 28.07.17 ALI Ors. P.O & P.S.- Gurap, 3874, Dt.- Hooghly 3883, 3884, 3885, 3887, 3349, 3886, 4662 109 DHANIAKH Parul BF Earth Pannalal Pal, Balidanga, 677 dt. ALI P.O.- Khanpur,Gurap 06.12.17(list)

110 DHANIAKH Raja Bf Earth P.O.- Khanpur, Gurup Balidanga-11 90/2, 100, 1378 - 1.68 126 dt. 12.02.2018 ALI Hooghly Mouza- 10, 12, 1380, (BM 199 / 27) Balidanga, G.P-Gurbari-I, 199, 1386 - Owner Jagabandhu Pal 161/1, 1389, 185 1384, 1370, 1369

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 33 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

111 DHANIAKH Hari Shankar Earth Vill- Sarampra, P.O.- Sarampara- 309, 14, 242, 243, 4.39 9 dt. 03.01.18 (BM ALI Chachuya, PS- DNK, Pin- 60 22, 151, 246, 120/22) 712402, Owner- Uttam 253, 254, 251/164, Charit Modak, Near 176, 4, 6, 254/163, Guest House, Ward No. 11/2, 21, 255/162, 6, Tarakeswar 562 444/399, Municipality, 445/400, 446/398, 447/397, 460/449, 461/448, 462/447, 462/497, 464/452, 465/451, 474/453, 474/460, 475/459, 423/424, 424/425, 425/426, 426/427 112 DHANIAKH Das BF (DBF ) Earth Paramanandapur, P.O- Chenchua-61, 422, 423, 610, 403, 3.35 12 dt. 03.01.2018 ALI New Chandpur, GP- Dhamaitikar- 382, 846, 418, 1903, (BM 121/22) Bhandarhati-II, Pin- 64 37/1, 200, 1130, 712301, Owner-Manik 116, 551, 1907, Adak & Ors 568, 451 1980, 1981, 1131, 1908 113 DHANIAKH Krishna Balaram(M/S- Earth Vill-Angura P.O- Chenchua-61 15/4, 1424 - 1.62 381 DT. ALI Ghosh B/F) Chechua, Mouza- 61/2, 1426, 09.07.2018(BM Chechua 187/2, 1430, 243/31) G.P.- Bhandarhati-II, 190, 296, 1431, Owner- Koushik Ghosh 330/2, 93, 1435, 196, 219, 1436,

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 34 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

438 - 441, 1441, 449, 620, 1442 631, 632, 589, 626, 596, 245, 564, 571, 241 114 DHANIAKH Mahaprabhu Earth Parambua, Chanchuya, Bishbupur-57 1192 1847, 2.91 650 dtd. 14.11.17 ALI Sahabajar, Dhaniakhali, 2145, Owner-Jodupati Das 2190, 1353, 1359, 1362, 1366, 1844 115 DHANIAKH GBF Ghosla Earth Tapan Kr. Dewan & Ors Gurap-126 3707, 479 dtd 04.08.17 ALI Mouza- Julkul Vill & PO- 3708, Ghosla, G.P.-Bhastara, 3713, Gurap 3717, 3719 116 DHANIAKH Bijoli Earth Mouza-Srikrishnapur, Madhusudan 271, 38, 38, 40, 3.21 120 dt. 12.02.2018 ALI P.O.- Dasghara G.P- pur-106 321 117, 120, (BM 193 / 27) Dasghara-II, Biswanath 155, 170 Ghorui,

117 DHANIAKH BSA Earth Subhra Kumar Dey, Uttar 278, 279, 3.4099 451 dtd 28.07.17 ALI Uttarfatepur, Bhastara, Fatepur-144, 281, 282, Dhaniakhali Alipur-152 283, 284

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 35 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

118 BALAGARH M/S-Loknath B/F Earth Mouza- Sherpur, Sherpur-129 740, 741 80, 82, 83, 4.25 95 dt. 31.01.2018 Nayasarai 86 - 88, (BM 176 / 26) 133 - 139, 143 - 145, 80/487 119 BALAGARH M/S-Laksmi B/F(I) Earth Mouza-Aschitpur, Vill- Sukhsagar- 72, 172, 362 1.34 765 dt. 27.12.2018 Aschitpur, P.O.- 141 251, 298 Khamargachi, Bimal Mondal

120 BALAGARH M/S-Bharat B/F, Earth Mouza-Simulia, Prem Simuliya-125 447, 451 1.9026 458 dt. 31.07.2017 Sanka Singh

121 BALAGARH M/S-Tulsi B/f(New Earth Supriya Bhattacharya, Bhawanipurc 3511 1924, 4.55 49 dt. 15.01.2018 Name-Supriya) Bhabanipurchar har-103 1927, (BM 154 / 25) 1928 122 BALAGARH (M/S-S.N.Mondal) Earth Sripur, Balagarh, Dulal ch Sripur-101 1528, 7.0497 462 dt. 31.07.2017 Maa Deskali B/F Saha 1529, (677 dt. 1536, 06.12.17(list) 1545, 1546 123 BALAGARH M/s-Saira B/f,( New Earth Mouza-Saira, Muragacha- 15 181 2.21 17 dt.03.01.18 Name-Maa Manasha) Muregacha, P.O.- Digra, 22 Balagarh, Owner- Rajendra Yadav,Inchurah,Korola 124 BALAGARH M/S-Mitra B/f,(I) Earth Mouza-Sultanpur, Vill- BM 201 / 27 Sultanpur, P.O.- , Joydeb Mitra & ors.

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 36 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

125 BALAGARH M/s-Swami B/F(I) Earth Kamal Kr. Das,, Jirat-109 287/1 2365, 4.36 51 dt. 15.01.2018 Balagarh 2327, (BM 153 / 25) 2326, 2318, 2315, 1402, 2316 126 BALAGARH Hind B/F Earth Prasanta Adhikari, Jirat Jirat-109 1018, 3.5903 533 dtd 25.08.2017 Balagarh 1019, 1805

127 BALAGARH M/S-Ambika B/F Earth Sukanta Pal,Char Char 349 442, 443, 2.77 642 dtd 14.11.17 Sultanpur Sultanpur-1 444, 459, 460

128 BALAGARH M/S-L.M. Nandi & Earth Mouza-Aschitpur, Aschitpur- 14/2, 29, 30, 3.89 59 dt. 16.01.2018 Comp. khamargachi, Amiya kr. 123 331/1, 434, 435, Kundu 14/1, 544, 440, 441, 543, 449, 450

129 BALAGARH M/S-Star B/F (EC- Earth Sanat Kumar Mondal, Muktarpur- 231/1 379, 380 0.96 163 dt. 05.03.2018 STAR BRICKS) Vill- Sija, P.O.- 116 (BM 219) Khamargachi, Mouza- Muktarpur 130 BALAGARH M/S-Bharati B/F Earth Jirat, Balagarh, Kamal Jirat-109 1954, 2357, 4.16 55 dt. 15.01.2018 Das 2870, 2358, (BM 151 / 25) 1954, 2360, 2371

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 37 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

131 BALAGARH M/S-Solanki B/F Earth Moloy Sadhu,Mouza- Jirat-109 2385/2383 1430/1402 2.24 694 dt. 08.12.17 Jirat , 2385, , 2383/2385 1527/1515 , 2383, , 2384 1528/1514 , 1532/1513 , 1015/2315 , 1536/1520 , 1609/2321 , 1610/2322 , 1312/2319 , 1613/2318 , 1615/2323 , 1927/1772 , 1928/1773 , 1515, 1513, 2323, 1772, 1774, 1775, 2322 132 BALAGARH M/S-Gouri Bricks Earth Jirat, Balagarh Sajal Das Jirat-109 1780 1391 - 1.22 18 dt. 03.01.2018 1401

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 38 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

133 BALAGARH M/s-Swami B/F, Unit- Earth Kamal Kr. Das, Jirat Durlavpur- 601, 644, 30, 2380, 2.05 93 dt. 31.01.2018 II Balagarh,Mouza-Jirat 140, Jirat-109 645, 646, 2388, (BM 173 / 26) 3157, 2398, 3159, 931, 2377, 2872, 2375, 3156, 81, 2376, 129, 2290, 1000/1, 2374, 1032, 2375, 1033, 967, 2287, 2288, 134 BALAGARH M/S-P.C. Paul & Bros. Earth Jogendranath Paul, Sripur-101 1199, 1845 2.23 53 dt. 15.01.2018 chandrakanta 1654/1, (BM 156 / 25) palSripur,Balagarh, 432/1, Mouza-Sripur 1931, 1932

135 BALAGARH M/S-Binoy B/F Earth Mouza-Chandre, Chandra-97 826, 1202, 1158- 7.84 655 dt. 14.11.2017 Sripurbazar, ownerSaibal 825, 828, 1161, (BM 67/17) Mitra 1706, 1165, 1176, 827, 1167 - 1169, 1174, 1173, 136 BALAGARH M/S-Natagarh Earth Mouza-Natagarh, Natagarh-34 885, 756 302, 301 2.47 48 dt. 15.01.2018 Sripurbazar, owner- (BM 157 / 25) Rupak Pal

137 BALAGARH M/S-United Earth Mouza-Sukharia, sumit Sukharia-96 692/2 208(153), 2.01 645 dt. 14.11.17 Enterprises B/F mitra 220(151), (BM 78/17) 198(153/1 513) 138 BALAGARH M/S-Deshkali B/F Earth Mouza-Fatepur, dulal ch. Fatepur-5 669, 670, 66, 67 68, 4.31 693 dt.08.12.17 Saha 671, 672 69

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 39 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

139 BALAGARH M/S-Guptipara B/F Earth Mouza-Charsultanpur, Char 434 - 439, 4.2899 420 dt. 06.07.2017 amal hawlader Sultanpur-2 442 - 446 (677 dt. 06.12.17(list)

140 BALAGARH M/S-Sarkar B/F(New Earth Belgachi, P.O.- Somra, Belgachi-43 200, 201, 503, 505, 1.13 BM 114/22 Name-New Maa Balagarh, Owner- 202 506, 507, Manasha) Rajendra 505/561, Yadav,Inchurah,Korola

141 BALAGARH M/S-Pandua B/F Earth Vill & P.O.- Bakulia, P.S.- Bakuliya-26 140/1 1008 - 1.7 117 dt. 12.02.2018 Balagarh, Sk. Nazrul 1011, (BM 190 / 27) , Bakulia 1014, 1019

142 BALAGARH M/S-Barik Brothers Earth Khudiram Barik Ramnagar- 67, 135, 76, 140, 5.42 681 dt. 08.12.17 B/F (MAA GANGA) Ramnagar Balagarh, 131 143, 27, 3, 241, 40 (BM 82/19) debal chakraborty 47, 51

143 BALAGARH M/S-Sankar B/F(Old Earth Avishek Kumar Singh, Jirat-109 2268, 1330, 1.21 36 dt. 10.01.2018 Name-Usha-Avishek Chakrabortypara, P.O.- 2267 1331, Enterprise) Jirat, Balagarh 1400, 1401

144 BALAGARH M/S-Mou Brick Earth Moktarpur, P.O.- Muktarpur- 714, 708, 388, 390 - 7.09 28 dt. 10.01.2018 Works Khamargachi, rabindra 116 715, 709, 394, 396, ch. Patra 486, 488 397, 401

145 BALAGARH M/S-(New Ambika) Earth Sankar Poddar, Guptipara 462, 463, 46, 39, 38, 6.37 647 dtd. 14.11.17 Now Poddar B/F Guptipara Char, Char-10 497, 486 31, 71, 36, Balagarh. 91, 90,

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 40 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

146 BALAGARH M/S. Lakshmi B/F (II) Earth Shyamal Mondal, Sukhsagar- 52 348, 349 1.99 760 dt. 27.12.2018 Aschitpur, Khamargachi 141

147 BALAGARH M/S. New Binoy B/F Earth Sripurbazar, Saibal Mitra Sripur-101 354, 138 RS- 1.35 660 dt. 14.11.17 1530/215 (BM 79/17) 7, LR- 1805, RS-2248, LR-1640 148 BALAGARH M/S. Dumurdaha B/F Earth Dumurdaha, Balagarh, Damurdaha- 2015 1283, 1.36 649 dt. 14.11.2017 rathin das 124 1284, (677 dt. 1349, 06.12.17(list) 1350, 1352

149 BALAGARH M/S. Raj B/F(Unit-I) Earth Vill-Sija, P.O.- Muktarpur- 696 464, 466 2.48 162 dt. 05.03.2018 Khamargachi, Bimal 116 (BM 218) Haldar

150 BALAGARH M/S.Dumurdaha Brick Earth Sukhsagar, Balagarh, Sukhsagar- 416 - 419, 554, 1358, 3.45 35 dt. 10.01.2018 Works rabindra patra 141, 1999- 1373, Dumurdaha- 2002 2692, 124 2696

151 BALAGARH M/S. Mamata B/F Earth Amar biswas, Sukhsagar- 422, 429 68, 69, 72, 1.03 697 dt. 08.12.17 Shyamsundar Mitra, 141 73, 74, (Bm 106/21) Mouza-Sukhsagar, Vill- 68, 69, 72, Aschitpur, Khamargachi, 73, 74 Balagarh

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 41 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

152 BALAGARH M/S. Joy Maa Earth Dulal Chandra Saha, Char 127, 129, 8.1493 463 dtd 31.07.17 Deshkali B/F Char sundarpur, Suldalpur-17 132, 134, Balagarh 136, 139

153 BALAGARH M/S L.B.F. (Now Earth Ashitpur, P.O.- Sukshagar- 41, 89, 77(72), 4.25 119 dt. 12.02.2018 NLBF) Khamargahi, Mouza- 141 201, 202, 77(73), (BM 192 / 27) Sukhsagar, Balagarh, 322, 326, 79(74), Amar Biswas, 69, 426 - 80(75), 432, 131, 81(76) 245, 227

154 BALAGARH M/s.-Baba Panchanan Earth Vill-Sukhoria, P.O.- Sukharia-96 1203, 247(172) 1.26 157 dt. 05.03.2018 B/F (Formerly Nandy Somrabazar, Mrinmoy 1204 (BM 203) Sarkar & Co.) Ghosh

155 BALAGARH M/S. Mitra B/F II Earth Mouza-Sultanpur, Vill- BM 202 / 27 Sultanpur, P.O.- Guptipara, Joydeb Mitra & ors.

156 CHANDITAL Das Karmakar Brick Earth Vill- ,P.O- Mallickpur-62 616, 129, 130, 2.42 118 dt. 12.02.2018 A-I Field , P.S- 617,50, 140, 141, (BM 191 / 27) Chanditala, Owner- 212 142, 143, Sanatan Das 146, 155 157 CHANDITAL The Das & Karmakar Earth Vill- Banamalipur, P.O- Banamalipur- 26/1, 2076(228 4.57 158 dt. 05.03.2018 A-I Brick Field Pastchim Taspur, P.S- 15 349/1, 8), (BM 209) Chanditala, Owner- 467/1, 2075(228 Sanatan Das 1182, 7), 1183, 2065(227 1978, 7), 1979, 2066(227 8), 2072(228 4),

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 42 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

2073(228 5), 2279(206 7), 2286(207 4), 2289(207 7), 2293(208 1), 2276(206 4), 2216(206 4), 2283(207 1) 158 CHANDITAL Mollick Brick Field( Earth Habibar Mollick, - 2, 26, 993, 3192, 3.99 94 dt. 31.01.18 (BM A-I BRH ) Manirampur,Chanditala 64 2245, 3193, 175 / 26) 2791, 3207, 2334, 3205, 2335, 3191, 2922, 3184, 2932, 3187, 2928, 3183, 3055, 302, 3185, 685, 978, 3182, 1553, 3206, 1643, 3189, 2775, 413, 3188, 3003, 1019, 159 CHANDITAL Tara B/W Earth Dinanath Kundu & ors Patul-3 1280, 1130, 4.02 165 dt. 05.03.2018 A-I Vill- Patul 2607, 1132 (BM 222) P.S.- Chanditala 2202

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 43 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

160 CHANDITAL Maa Shantoshi B/W Earth Ashoke chatterjee, Manirampur- 395, 717, 4648, 1.14 14 dt. 03.01.18 (BM A-I Manirampur,Chanditala 64 1481, 4646, 123/22) 1743, 4631, 1980, 4647 2208, 2561, 2562, 2959, 548, 74, 90, 217, 314, 334, 429, 1927 161 CHANDITAL Banamali pur B/F Earth Rabindranath Banamalipur- 1940/299 2.2782 6 dt. 04.01.2017677 A-I MondalVill- 15 3 dt. 06.12.17(list) Banamalipur, P.S- Chanditala

162 CHANDITAL Biswas Brick Earth Sadananda Patul-3 239/1, 73, 74, 75 3.11 110 dt. 12.02.2018 A-I Udyog(unauthorized) Mpondal,Patul,Ilahipur, 233/2, (BM 183 / 27) Seakhala 1104/1, 739/1, 234/2, 249/1 163 CHANDITAL Moon B/F Earth Vill- Ajabnagar, P.O.- Sheakhala-12 283 2577 2.71 763 dt. 27.12.2018 A-I Pachim Tajpur, P.S.- Chanditala, Owner Add- Sailen Ghosh, Boubazar, P.O-Khalasani, PS- Bhadreswar, Mitali Ghsoh(Partner)

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 44 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

164 CHANDITAL M/S- Sree Durga Brick Earth Vill- Madhabpur, P.O.- Baksha-77 374 342, 344 0.57 652 dtd. 14.11.17 A-II Works Monirampur , P.S.- Chanditala, Owner- Narendra Nath , Dilip Samanta

165 CHANDITAL Madhabpur B/W Earth Vill- Madhabpur, PO- Madhabpur- 1098, 461 dt. 31.07.2017 A-II Manirampur, 74 1112, (677 dt. 1113, 06.12.17(list) 1114, 1116 166 CHANDITAL Modern B/W Earth Tamal Dutta, Vill- Kalachhara- 486/1, 2304, 2.19 183 dt.16.03.2018 A-II Panchanantala,P.O. & 54 1013/1, 2371 - (BM 220) P.S--chanditala 2920, 2373, 956/1 2375, 2376 167 CHANDITAL Maharaja B/W Earth Biswanath Kalachhara- 3485, 2935, 1.11 699 dt. 08.12.17 A-II Ghosh,Kalachara,chandit 54 2890, 2937, (BM 104/21) ala,54 486/1, 2938, 1013/1, 2939 919, 758, 1571, 168 CHANDITAL Ma Lakxmi B/W(Field) Earth Kalachhara, Prop- Khoragori-76 129/1, 755 0.32 766 dt. 27.12.2018 A-II Provas Ghosh 352/1, 462/1

169 CHANDITAL New Chandimata B/W Earth Suvro Kumar,Vill + P.O+ Kalachhara- 758, 919, 2938, 2.68 380 dt. 09.07.2018 A-II P.S- Chanditala 54 1379, 2939, (BM 241/31) 1921, 2940 486/1, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 23,

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 45 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

442, 659, 3650, 3651

170 JANGIPARA Rajballavi B/F Earth Jayanta Kumar Dogachia-30 1258 1113, 1.2 121 dt. 12.02.2018 Mete,Mouza- 1114 (BM 194 / 27) Dogachhiya,G.P- Jangipara

171 JANGIPARA M/S- Prince B/F Earth Sibdas Pan Mouza - Chakbadra - 438, 437, 71, 100, 2.43 281 dt.10.05.2018 Chakbaroda,Furfura 108 150/1, 108 - 112, (BM 234) G.P.- Jangipara 503 99, 72

172 JANGIPARA M/S- Dipali B/F Earth Vill - Purba Gobindapur, Purba 426 13, 16, 17, 1.13 286 dt. 10.05.2018 P.O.- Prosadpur, P.S- Gobindapur- 20 (BM239) Jangipara, Owner-Sadish 62 kumar China

173 SRIRAMPU M/S- Ramkrishna Earth Rishra, Hooghly, Owner- Bamunari-25 129/2 790, 817 0.77 6 dt. 03.01.18 (BM R- B/W Kamal Krishna Ghosh 113/22) UTTARPAR A. 174 SRIRAMPU M/S- New Mahesh B/F Earth Bose Para Lane Mahesh Mahesh-15 9, 1757, 12725, 1.2189 REJECTED (BM 152 R- serampore, Owner- 5496, 12723, Hector / 25), 277 dt. UTTARPAR Sandip Kr. Ghosh 5502, 12683, 10.05.2018, A. 5569, 12719, Recommended - BM 8255, 12721, 228 8698 12735, 12736, 12738, 12718, 12722, 12720

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 46 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

175 SRIRAMPU M/S- P.N. Singh & Earth 1, T.N. Mukherjee Road, Uttarpara-12 5523 127 21.78 224 dt. 31.03.2018 R- Sons P.O.- Makhla, Hooghly- UTTARPAR 712245, Owner- Nand A. Lal Singh

176 SRIRAMPU M/s- Shiv Brick Earth Makhla,Uttarpara, 59 Uttarpara-12 69, 103 1.6061 483 dt. 10.08.2017 R- company TNM Road, Owner- (677 dt. UTTARPAR Joydev Ghosh 06.12.17(list) A.

177 SRIRAMPU M/s- Shiv B/W Earth Brajanath Ghosh, of Uttarpara-12 122, 123, 0.3953 419 dtd 06.07.17 R- Makhla,Uttarpara 131, 132, UTTARPAR 133 A. 178 SRIRAMPU M/S- Sree Durga Earth Paramananda Sing Uttarpara-12 2726, 13, 153, 1.92 99 dt. 31.01.2018 R- Bricks Makhla,Uttarpara 5383, 154, 161 (BM 180 / 26) UTTARPAR 4907 A.

179 SRIRAMPU M/S- Shukuntala B/W Earth Singh,63 T.N Makhla-11 652 2962 1.42 123 dt. 12.02.2018 R- (HARI ENTERPRISE) Mukherjee Road (BM 196 / 27) UTTARPAR A.

180 SRIRAMPU M/S- Star B/W Earth Arun Kumar Singh, of Makhla-11 506/3 3016 0.74 164 dt. 05.03.2018 R- Makhla,Uttarpara (BM 221) UTTARPAR A. 181 SRIRAMPU M/s-Brahmanada Earth 121 Shibnarayan Uttarpara-12 2936/27 5805, 0.489 BM 226 R- Brick Field. Road,Uttarpara, Kundan 5810, UTTARPAR Singh 5811, A. 5812, 5813, 5815, 5816

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 47 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

182 SRIRAMPU M/S-Umesh B/Agency Earth Makhla,Uttarpara, Makhla-11 1490, 2982, 2.3 31 dt. 10.01.2018 R- (Astha) Owner- sushil singh 2393 2997, UTTARPAR 2998 A. 183 SRIRAMPU M/S-R.N.R.B/F, Earth kotrang,Hindmotor, Kotrung-8 1338 6611(361 0.112 708 dt. 08.12.17 R- Owner-Anup Pal 8) (677 dt. UTTARPAR 06.12.17(list) A. 184 SRIRAMPU Maa Mongal Chandi Earth 241/151, scm Road, Baidyabati-5 4808 720, 721, 2.289 127 dt. R- B/F Pvt. Ltd. (Formerly baidyabati, Hooghly, 739 12.02.2018BM 200 / UTTARPAR S.C.G B/F) Mohitlal Ghosh 27 A.

185 SRIRAMPU Baijanath B/W Earth 2, Subhatala, S.C.M. Baidyabati-5 3375, 2046, 2.186 283 dt. 10.05.2018 R- Road, Baidyabati, 4301, 2017, (BM 236) UTTARPAR Hooghly, Owner- Sanjib 4302 A. Singh 186 SRIRAMPU Tusharnath B/F Earth 48-B.L.C.Mill Road. P.O- Mahesh-15 9020 13226, 3.56 700 dt. 08.12.17 R- Mahesh, P.S-Srirampur, 13227, (Bm 103/21) UTTARPAR Pin-712202, Owner- 13229, A. Tusharnath Ghosh 13235, 13236, 13362 187 SRIRAMPU K.M.B/WORKS Earth Parthabrata Das of Uttarpara-12 85, 86 1.0378 424 dt. 06.07.17 R- Makhla,Uttarpara, 58 UTTARPAR TNM Road A. 188 SRIRAMPU Rose B/WORKS Earth Rajib Sing of Uttarpara-12 15, 16, 17, 1.9698 637 dt. 14.11.17 R- Makhla,Uttarpara, 55 20 UTTARPAR TNM Road A.

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 48 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

189 SRIRAMPU Balaji B/WORKS Earth Smt Rupa Sing of Uttarpara-12 7159 28, 29, 55 0.61 707 dt. 08.12.2017 R- Makhla,Uttarpara, (677 dt. UTTARPAR Owner- Abhoy Singh 06.12.17(list) A. 190 SRIRAMPU Chatterjee Earth Ajay Kumar Chatterjee Makhla-11 3000 2 423 dtd 06.07.17 R- B/F(Manufacterar) of Makhla, Uttarpara UTTARPAR A.

191 SRIRAMPU Chatterjee Enterprise Earth Itvata- 286 T.N Makhla-11 2400 1242, 0.55 BM 231 R- Mukherjee 2999, UTTARPAR Road,Makhla, Pin- 3000, A. 712245, Owner-Moloy 3002 Chattopadhyay & others, 54 Makhla Chatterjee Para, P.O.-Makhla, Pin- 712245 192 SRIRAMPU J.N.M.Bricks Earth 3, No. Panchu Datta Konnagar-07 8168, 0.39 421 dt. R- Ghat Lane, Konnagar, 8170 06.07.2017677 dt. UTTARPAR Hooghly 06.12.17(list) A. 193 SRIRAMPU Krishna Ch Banerjee Earth 49 K G.T.Road, Kotrung, 677 dt. R- B/F Hindmotor 06.12.17(list) UTTARPAR A.

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 49 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

194 GOGHAT-II M/S- Unik B/F Earth Vill & P.O- , Kumarganj- 569 - 574 626/892 1.7 125 dt. 12.02.2018 (Nibedita) Goghat, Arup Kr, Ghosh 20 (BM 198 / 27)

195 GOGHAT-II M/S-Maa ( Earth Prasanta Biswas,Aspur, Aspur-13 765, 774, 79, 92, 5.44 703 dtd 08.12.17 Lunik)B/F Bhurkunda,Goghat, 773, 768, 99/887, (Bm 109/21) 775, 767 102, 103, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 381, 382, 383, 384, 390, 498, 501, 503 196 GOGHAT-II M/S-Tiger B/F Earth Aspur, Vill+P.O+P.S- Aspur-13 531, 530 562, 565, 687 dt, 08.12.17 Indas, Bankura, abhijit 593 (BM 88/19) ghosh

197 ARAMBAG National Brick Earth Vill-Parul,P.O+P.S- Parul-38 434, 2840 2782 6.38 717 dt. 13.12.2017 H Field,M/S- N.K.G. Arambag, Tarak Nath (677 dt. Ghosh 06.12.17(list)

198 ARAMBAG M/S- Crown Earth Sk Golam Sobhan, Brindabanpur 696 - 700 1704, 4.09 116 dt. 12.02.2018 H Brindabanpur , Balipur, -39 1709 (BM 189 / 27) Khanakul

199 ARAMBAG M/S-Ma Tara Earth Kashinath Bisnupur-36 701, 445 1692(140 5.74 22 dt, 03.01.2018 H Biswas,Bishnupur, 1) Arambag 200 ARAMBAG M/S- B.K. Roy(P) Ltd Earth Mouza- Rajhati, Rajhati-87 412, 413, 1.31 500 dtd 09.08.17 H Star BF Muthadanga, P.O.- 442, 444 , P.S- Arambagh, Owner-

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 50 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Baibhab Kr. Roy, Pallishree , Arambag

201 ARAMBAG M/S- Ma Shitala Earth Swapan Dutta,Kastodahi Kastadahi-51 670, 672, 1.7099 537 dtd 28.08.17 H ,Mayapur 733, 734, 591/1178, 847/1179, 671 202 ARAMBAG M/S- Sun Earth Kanai Raghunathpu 144 398, 399 1.89 704 dt. 08.12.17 H Nayek,Raghunathpur, r-50 (BM 108/21) Naisarai, Arambag 203 ARAMBAG M/S- Janata Earth Hiyatpur, Arambag, Hiatpur-173 2203 111, 114 4.86 44 dt. 15.01.2018 H Owner- Subhankar Dey, (BM 162 / 25) Dankuni, North Subhash Pally, Hooghly

204 ARAMBAG M/S- Earth Bindabanpur, Ward No. Brindabanpur 138 72(90), 0.91 692 dt.08.12.17 (BM H Makali/Mahaprabhu 1, Arambagh -39 138(80/15 83/19) B/F Municipaliaty, Pin- 13) 712601, Owner- Anjan Roy, Satitala, Ward No.- 2, Arambagh

205 ARAMBAG M/S- Sri Bishnu. Earth Basudev Patra,Mayapur, Mayapur-84 4294 4018(343 2.15 24 dt. 03.01.18 H (Sabita) B/F Vill-Beramul, Binogram, 4) P.S-Tarakeswar

206 ARAMBAG M/S- Kabita B/F, Earth NabaKumar Rajhati-87 160, 161, 0.9513 467 dtd 01.08.17 H NandiBalarampur, Vill- 173, 174, Muthadanga,P.O- 175, 176, Mayapur, Arambag 177, 180, 181, 182

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 51 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

207 ARAMBAG M/S- Tirupati ( Earth Swapan Kumar Purba 1872, 1093, 0.66 61 dt. 16.01.2018 H Koyel) B/F Kunti,Purba krishnapur, Krishnapur- 2014 1094, (BM 160 / 25) Vill-Naisari, Arambag 80 1089

208 ARAMBAG M/S-Ganga B/F Earth Bablu Maheshpur- 347, 332, 333, 3.43 56 dt. 15.01.2018 H Modak,Maheshpur, Vill- 43 215/1, 334, 336, (BM 148 / 25) Parul, Arambag 458 - 462, 343, 345, 190, 1122, 346, 347, 274, 369, 371, 195/1, 372, 374, 1287, 375 365/2, 167 209 ARAMBAG M/S-New Tara Maa Earth Brindabanpur, Ward Brindabanpur 979, 978, 264, 2.93 683 dt. 08.12.17 H No.-1, Arambagh, -39 300, 327, 276/1711, (BM 85/19) Hooghly, Arun Kumar 417 276, 280, Dey, Basudevpur, Ward 283, 1709, No.-2 Arambag 1710, 273, 278, 279, 270/1568, 274, 275 210 ARAMBAG Badal Brick Field Earth Prop.- Sanjib Nayek, - 5119 1 0.95 696 dt. 08.12.17 H Link Road, Arambagh 77 (BM 107/21)

211 GOGHAT-I M/S- Earth Ajay kumar Nayak, Pearyanagar- 345, 346, 1.0007 468 dtd 01.08.2017 Moon B/F Mouza- 60 347, 348, Pearynagar,Bhadur, 349, 354, Goghat 370

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 52 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

212 GOGHAT-I M/S-Sarada B/F Earth Kamal Ghosh & Ors. Vill- Piyarinagar- 175, 198, 1.1193 346 dt. 15.05.17 Piyarinagar, P.O- 60 199, 200 Bhadur,P.S-Goghat

213 GOGHAT-I Earth Basudeb Dhara & Ors Methul-63 799, 800, 2.0015 471 dtd 01.08.17 M/S- Bengal B/F Mouza-Methul, P.O- 801, 803, Bhadur, Goghat 804 214 GOGHAT-I Earth Nikhil Ghosh, Mouza- Bhanjapara- 499, 500, 1.0007 469 dtd 01.08.17 M/S- Pradip B/F Bhanzapara, Vill+P.O- 64 501 Soaluk,P.S-Pursurah

215 GOGHAT-I Earth Vill -Methul, P.O. & Methul-63 982 767 0.65 762 dt. 27.12.2018 M/S- Shyama Maa B/f GP- Bhadur, Owner add -Saraj Chatterjee. Vill- Patulsara, P.O-Mirga Chatra,P.S-Goghat 216 GOGHAT-I M/S- Earth Puspendu Sarkar Mouza- Ballavbati- 151, 222, 1056 2.44 54 dt. 15.01.18 (BM Rameswar B/F Ballavbati, P.O- 104 2, 259, 165 / 25) Dhulepur, P.S- Goghat 192, 125, 50, 132, 134 217 GOGHAT-I M/S-Jay Guru B/F Earth Sunil Nayek Mouza- Arji Pyarinagar- 372, 373, 470 dtd 01.08.17 Suryapur, Kaliput, 59, Araji 375, 376, Arambag Surjyapur-60 349, 359, 356, 404

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 53 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

218 GOGHAT-I M/S- New Maa Tara Earth Vill-Shyambati, Mouza- Ballavbati- 181, 202, 1404 2.02 10 dt. 03.01.2018 B/F, Ballavbati, P.O- 104 385 (BM 117/22) Dhulapur, P.S- Goghat, Owner-Kashinath Biswas, Bibakananda Pally, Ward No. -13, Arrambag Municipality

219 GOGHAT-I M/S-Kalika B/F Earth Arup Kr. GuinMouza- Sekati-29 566, 567, 800, 802 1.7 Bm 102/21 Sankati, P.O-Bhadur, P.S- 562, 563, Goghat 565, 564, 401, 400

220 GOGHAT-I M/S-Bharati B/F Earth Uttam Nayek,Sankati, Sekati-29 349, 515, 145, 147, 5.2 2 dt. 03.01.18 (BM Bhadur,Vill+P.O- 148 101/21) Naisari,P.S-Arambag

221 GOGHAT-I M/S-Super B/F Earth Mouza-Methul, P.O- Methul-63 908 236 - 240, 0.49 BM 188 / 27 Bhadur, P.S.-Goghat, 246, 247, Khana Bhagat Chowdury 240/1115 & Others, Vill- Nurpur,P.O-Palasan,P.S- Raina 222 GOGHAT-I M/S- Arati B/F Earth Ashish Kumar Sankati-29 602, 601, 161, 162 2.9 13 dt. 03.01.18 (BM mondal,Mouza-Sankati, 370, 599, 122/22) Arambag 600 223 GOGHAT-I M/S- A.K.R B/F Earth Vill-Adra, P.O- Bhadur, Adra-30 66, 66/1, 554, 555, 2.25 272 dt. 10.05.2018 P.S-Goghat, Dilip Roy, 142/1, 561, 652 & 378 dt. 187, 62/1, 09.07.2018 (BM 13 223)

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224 KHANAKUL M/S-Mamoni B/F Earth Basanta Bag, Rabin Paschim 1026 1124, 0.27 648 dtd. 14.11.17 -I Bag,Paschim Radhana-98 1125 Radhanagar, P.O.- Nangulpara, P.S- Khanakul

225 KHANAKUL M/S-New Mamoni Earth Swapan Kumar Noadanaraya 180/1, 16, 17, 23, 3.59 BM 118/22 -I B/F(old name Marbel Bag,Nowdanarayanpur, npur-40 226/1, 26, 35 B/F) P.O.- Khanakul, P.S- 226/2, Khanakul

226 KHANAKUL M/S Srima B/F Earth , P.S- Gopalnagar- 501, 502, RS-125, 2.85 706 dt. 08.12.2017 -I Khanakul, Monimohan 38 523 LR-130, (677 dt. Shee RS-151, 06.12.17(list) LR-135 227 KHANAKUL M/S Srima B/F Earth Krishnanagar , P.S- Krishnanagar- 548, 553, 2.2115 466 dtd 01.08.17 -I Khanakul, Moni Mohan 37 560, 561, Shee 563 228 KHANAKUL Radha Krishna Brick Earth Ichapur, Moyal Ichapur-6 380/1, 443, 446- 2.87 685 dt. 08.12.17 -I Field Bandipur, Khanakul, Sital 697 453, 468, Ch. Pal 469, 470, 472, 473

229 PURSURAH M/S-Manashi B/F Earth Vill+P.O-, Akri 770, 951, 2525, 0.54 57 dt. 15.01.2018 P.S-Tarakeswar, Fathepur-38 970, 999, 2528, (BM 163 / 25) subhendunpaul 1080, 387, 2530, 419, 933, 2533, 1334, 2537, 1335, 770, 2540

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869/1, 528, 597/1, 741, 387, 398, 419

230 PURSURAH M/S-Arati B/F Earth Vill+P.O. + P.S-Pursurah, Pursurah-22 1197/1 1488- 3.35 96 dt. 31.01.2018 Ramen Kumar Paul 1492, 676, (BM 177 / 26) 1466, 1470, 1485 231 PURSURAH M/S-Five Star B/F Earth Vill+P.O+P.S- Pursurah, - 1553, 5781, 1.26 761 dt. 27.12.2018 badal bag 21 1784, 250, 5948, 2770, 405, 6034 796, 96, 3573, 3576, 1675, 2415

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EC LETTER DETAILS (DATE, SL. SAND BLOCK ADRESS & NAME & ADDRESS AREA IN LATITUDE LONGITUDE NAME OF RIVER LETTER NO., NO. BLOCK CODE OF LESSEE/SETTLE ACRE VAILD UPTO) D M S D M S 22 91 78.26 87 76 52.75 DATE : HUG/ARAMBAG/CHANDUR LOKENATH ESTATES 22 91 86.42 87 76 47.12 29.12.2016 1 5.928 DWARKESHWAR /DRAKS/1442/A(2) PVT LTD 22 91 68.61 87 76 30.71 LETTER NO.- 752/SDO-CON 22 91 63.98 87 76 36.16 23 0 9.4 87 43 26.7 HUG/ARAM/GOGHAT- 23 0 5.7 87 43 22.6 DATE : 2 II/AMBOULA/DRAKS/1/52/ PRABHASH KOLEY 10.37 DWARKESHWAR 29.12.2016 PART2 23 0 0.3 87 43 27.9 LETTER NO.- 754 23 0 3.6 87 43 31.9 HUG/ARAM/GOGHAT- 23 1 26.6 87 42 20.8 DATE : II/PUINA/DRAKS/395/1013 KAJAL KUMAR 23 1 24.9 87 42 16.8 20.03.2017 3 /PART1 7.9 DWARKESHWAR GHOSH LETTER NO.- (061412DRAKS395/1013P1 23 1 19.3 87 42 23.41 206/SDO-CON ) 23 1 21 87 42 27.3 23 1 20.1 87 42 28.1 DATE : HUG/ARAM/GOGHAT- TANMOY KUMAR 23 1 18.8 87 42 25.8 15.05.2017 4 II/PUINA/DRAKS/1082/PAR 4.69 DWARKESHWAR ROY LETTER NO.- T2 (061412DRAKS1082P2) 23 1 13.9 87 42 36.34 348/S.CON 23 1 15.1 87 42 32.8 5 SK. ISRAFIL 6.175 DWARKESHWAR 22 54 43.73 87 45 34.06 District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

DATE : HUG/ARAMBAG/CHAND 22 54 43.01 87 45 37.23 14.11.2017 UR/DRAKS/1442/PART1 22 54 34.01 87 45 33.5 LETTER NO.- (061508DRAKS1442P1) 22 54 34.98 87 45 30.83 653/SDO/CON DATE : MAHAPRABHU 22 56 36.2 87 45 29.9 (HUG/GOGHAT- 20.03.2017 6 ENTERPRISE, PROP- 5.92 DWARKESHWAR I/ADRA/DRAKS/386&ORS) LETTER NO.- PRABIR GHOSH 22 56 36 87 45 28.4 204/SDO/CON 22 54 44.1 87 58 29.9 DATE : HUG/PURSURAH/BAIKUNT PRASHANT KUMAR 22 54 45.6 87 58 29.2 20.03.2017 7 8.54 DAMODAR HAPUR/DAMO/2929 HAIT 22 54 35.9 87 58 17.9 LETTER NO.- 208/SDO -CON 22 54 33.9 87 58 18.3 22 53 47.4 87 45 57.33 DATE : 061510DWARKS783HUG/A NEW MADINA 22 53 49.44 87 46 0.41 14.11.2017 8 RAMBAG/DAULATPUR/DW 6.1 DWARKESHWAR MARBEL LETTER NO.- ARKS/783 22 53 43.47 87 46 5.11 654/SDO/CON 22 53 41.39 87 46 2.05 22 56 36.85 87 45 29.17 22 56 37.9 87 45 29.85 DATE : 061330DWARKS409(P)HUG 22 56 34.94 87 45 31.08 23.08.2018 9 /GOGHAT- ALAM ENTERPRISES 5.92 DWARKESHWAR LETTER NO.- I/ADRA/DWARKS/409(P) 22 56 28.17 87 45 41.13 443/SDO/CON/DE 22 56 26.27 87 45 39.84 IAA 22 56 33.27 87 45 30.72

061501DWARKS5/277HUG 22 57 39.98 87 45 49.53 DATE : 10 /ARAMBAG/BHABAPUR/D UNIK BRICK FIELD 10.67 DWARKESHWAR 22 57 40.63 87 45 53.6 23.08.2018 WARKS/277 22 57 25.09 87 45 52.46 LETTER NO.-

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444/SDO/SH/CON 22 57 25.68 87 45 50.06 /DEIAA 22 57 0.93 87 45 38 DATE : 061503DWARKS368(P- 23.08.2018 SERINA 22 56 59.93 87 45 40.18 11 I)HUG/ARAMBAG/PARADR 4.097 DWARKESHWAR LETTER NO.- CONSTRUCTION A/DWARKS/368(P-I) 22 56 53.2 87 45 36.45 445/SDO/SH/CON 22 56 54.15 87 45 34.24 /DEIAA 22 56 53.69 87 45 33.99 DATE : 061503DWARKS368(P- 22 56 52.63 87 45 36.27 04.12.2018 12 I)HUG/ARAMBAG/PARADR SK. MOBAIDUL ISLAM 5.918 DWARKESHWAR LETTER NO.- A/DWARKS/368(P-2) 22 56 42.2 87 45 32.15 718/SDO(SH)/CO 22 56 42.86 87 45 29.72 N/DEIAA 22 54 4.93 87 54 40.22 DATE : 061567MUND508(P)HUG/ 22 54 4.93 87 54 44.58 23.08.2018 13 ARAMBAG/CHAKBENSE/M EXCELL MOVERS 8.11 MUNDESWARI 22 54 55.52 87 54 41.97 LETTER NO.- UND/508(P) 442/SDO/SH/CON 22 54 56.66 87 54 37.79 /DEIAA 22 54 2.67 87 45 47.23 DATE : 061509DWARKS124/259(P) 22 54 4.73 87 45 50.82 23.08.2018 14 HUG/ARAMBAG/TELIPARA/ APANJAN SUPPLIER 11.76 DWARKESHWAR 22 53 52.1 87 45 55.2 LETTER NO.- DWARKS/124/259(P) 446/SDO/SH/CON 22 53 53.93 87 45 58.87 /DEIAA

(Source: Office of the ADM L&R, Hoogly District)

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Chapter - 4 Detail of Royalty or Revenue Received in last three years

Sl. No Year Royalty (Amount from Earth)

1 2017-18 52592895

2 2018-19 55529524

3 2019-20 Under Process

Sl. No Year Royalty (Amount)

1 2017-18 11702690

2 2018-19 14334375

3 2019-20 Under Process

Chapter - 5 Details of Production of Sand Or Bajri or Minor Mineral In Last Three Years

Sl. No. Year Production (cft.)

1 2017-18 53960000

2 2018-19 53170000

3 2019-20 Under Process

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Chapter - 6 Process of Deposition of Sediments In The Rivers of The District

 Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development

These categories are: Youthful, Mature and Old age. A Rejuvenated River, one with a gradient that is raised by the earth’s movement, can be an old age river that returns to a Youthful State, and which repeats the cycle of stages once again.

Characteristics found in the 3 Stages of River Development:

YOUTHFUL RIVER-

Perhaps the most dynamic of all rivers is a Youthful River. Characteristically youthful rivers are found at higher elevations, in mountainous areas, where the slope of the land is steeper. Water that flows over such a landscape will flow very fast. Youthful rivers can be a tributary of a larger and older river, hundreds of miles away and, in fact, they may be close to the headwaters (the beginning) of that larger river.

MATURE RIVER:-

The Mature River is an in-between stage. The river still down cuts though to a much lesser degree than the Youthful River does but it also erodes laterally, though not as extensively, when compared to the Old Age River. The landscape over which it passes is steep enough that the river's slope enables a velocity capable of moving not only the finer sediments, but also the larger pebbles and cobbles by way of rolling, bouncing and saltation along the river bed. The area through which the river flows may be mountainous but they will not be as high as the Young River's locale. A "hilly" landscape would be a better description for the surrounding area. Rapids are absent and so is the V-shaped channel. The channel of a Mature River is U-shaped but deeper than and not as wide as the Old Age river's channel.

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OLD AGE RIVER:-

Old rivers flow slowest and their rate of erosion is encounter acted by the degree of sediment they deposit. Their course is no longer straight and widened floodplains are a common characteristic. An old river rests in an almost flat valley as a result of the many years of erosion that have taken place.

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 STREAM EROSION AND DEPOSITION:-

Flowing water is a very important mechanism for both erosion and deposition. Water flow in a stream is primarily related to the stream’s gradient, but it is also controlled by the geometry of the stream channel. As shown in Figure 2, water flow velocity is decreased by friction along the stream bed, so it is slowest at the bottom and edges and fastest near the surface and in the middle. In fact, the velocity just below the surface is typically a little higher than right at the surface because of friction between the water and the air. On a curved section of a stream, flow is fastest on the outside and slowest on the inside.

Figure 2: The relative velocity of stream flow depending on whether the stream channel is straight or curved (left), and with respect to the water depth (right).

Other factors that affect stream-water velocity are the size of sediments on the stream bed — because large particles tend to slow the flow more than small ones — and the discharge or volume of water passing a point in a unit of time (e.g., m3/second). During a flood, the water level always rises, so there is more cross-sectional area for the water to flow in; however, as long as a river remains confined to its channel, the velocity of the water flow also increases.

Figure 3 shows the nature of sediment transportation in a stream. Large particles rest on the bottom — bedload — and may only be moved during rapid flows under flood conditions. They can be moved by saltation (bouncing) and by traction (being pushed along by the force of the flow).

Smaller particles may rest on the bottom some of the time, where they can be moved by saltation and traction, but they can also be held in suspension in the flowing water, especially at higher velocities. As you know from intuition and from experience, streams that flow fast tend to be turbulent (flow paths are chaotic and the water surface appears rough) and the water may be muddy, while those that flow more slowly tend to have laminar flow (straight- line flow and a smooth water surface) and clear water. Turbulent flow is more effective than laminar flow at keeping sediments in suspension.

Stream water also has a dissolved load, which represents (on average) about 15% of the mass of material transported, and includes ions such as calcium (Ca+2) and chloride (Cl-) in solution. The solubility of these ions is not affected by flow velocity.

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Figure 3: Modes of transportation of sediments and dissolved ions (represented by red dots with + and – signs) in a stream. [SE]

The faster the water is flowing, the larger the particles that can be kept in suspension and transported within the flowing water. However, as Swedish geographer Filip Hjulström discovered in the 1940s, the relationship between grain size and the likelihood of a grain being eroded, transported, or deposited is not as simple as one might imagine. Consider, for example, a 1 mm grain of sand. If it is resting on the bottom, it will remain there until the velocity is high enough to erode it, around 20 cm/s. But once it is in suspension, that same 1 mm particle will remain in suspension as long as the velocity doesn’t drop below 10 cm/s. For a 10 mm gravel grain, the velocity is 105 cm/s to be eroded from the bed but only 80 cm/s to remain in suspension.

Figure 4: The Hjulström-Sundborg diagram showing the relationships between particle size and the tendency to be eroded, transported, or deposited at different current velocities

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

On the other hand, a 0.01 mm silt particle only needs a velocity of 0.1 cm/s to remain in suspension, but requires 60 cm/s to be eroded. In other words, a tiny silt grain requires a greater velocity to be eroded than a grain of sand that is 100 times larger! For clay-sized particles, the discrepancy is even greater. In a stream, the most easily eroded particles are small sand grains between 0.2 mm. and 0.5 mm. Anything smaller or larger requires a higher water velocity to be eroded and entrained in the flow. The main reason for this is that small particles, and especially the tiny grains of clay, have a strong tendency to stick together, and so are difficult to erode from the stream bed.

It is important to be aware that a stream can both erode and deposit sediments at the same time. At 100 cm/s, for example, silt, sand, and medium gravel will be eroded from the stream bed and transported in suspension, coarse gravel will be held in suspension, pebbles will be both transported and deposited, and cobbles and boulders will remain stationary on the stream bed.

A stream typically reaches its greatest velocity when it is close to flooding over its banks. This is known as the bank-full stage, as shown in Figure 5. As soon as the flooding stream overtops its banks and occupies the wide area of its flood plain, the water has a much larger area to flow through and the velocity drops significantly. At this point, sediment that was being carried by the high-velocity water is deposited near the edge of the channel, forming a natural bank or levée.

Figure 5: The development of natural levées during flooding of a stream. The sediments of the levée become increasingly fine away from the stream channel, and even finer sediments — clay, silt, and fine sand — are deposited across most of the flood plain. [SE]

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 Flood Plain:-

Flood-plain is an area of land adjacent to a stream or river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge. The soils usually consist of clays, silts, and sands deposited during floods.

Floodplains are formed when a meander erodes sideways as it travels downstream. When a river breaks its banks, it leaves behind layers of alluvium (silt). These gradually build up to create the floor of the plain. Floodplains generally contain unconsolidated sediments, often extending below the bed of the stream. These are accumulations of sand, gravel, loam, silt, and/or clay, and are often important aquifers, the water drawn from them being pre- filtered compared to the water in the river.

 Replenishment of Sand :-

The deposition in a river bed is more pronounced during rainy season although the quantum of deposition varies from stream to stream depending upon numbers of factors such as catchment, lithology, discharge, river profile and geomorphology of the river course where annual deposition is one meters, but it is noticed that during flood season whole of the pit so excavated is completely filled up and as such the excavated area is replenished with new harvest of minerals.

In order to calculate the mineral deposits in the stream beds, the mineral constituents have been categorized as clay, silt, sand, bajri and boulder. However during present calculation, the waste material i.e. silt which vary from 10 to 20% in different streams has also been included in the total production. Further the Survey of India Topo-Sheets are used as base map to know the extent of river course. The mineral reserves have been calculated only upto 1.00 meter depth although there are some portions in the river beds such as channel bars, point bars and central islands where the annual deposition is raising the level of river bed

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District thus causing shifting of the rivers towards banks resulting in to cutting of banks and at such locations, removal of this material upto the bed level is essential to control the river flow in its central part to check the bank cutting. While calculating the mineral potentials, the mineral deposits lying in the sub- tributaries of that particular stream/river has not been taken into consideration. Since these mineral deposits are adding annually.

 Surface Runoff

Also known as overland flow is the flow that occurs when excess storm water, melt water, or other sources flows over the Earth's surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, because rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it, or because impervious areas (roofs and pavement) send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it. Surface runoff is a major component of the water cycle. It is the primary agent in soil erosion by water. Runoff that occurs on the ground surface before reaching a channel is also called a nonpoint source. If a nonpoint source contains man-made contaminants, or natural forms of pollution (such as rotting leaves) the runoff is called nonpoint source pollution. A land area which produces runoff that drains to a common point is called a drainage basin. When runoff flows along the ground, it can pick up soil contaminants including petroleum, pesticides, or fertilizers that become discharge or nonpoint source pollution. In addition to causing water erosion and pollution, surface runoff in urban areas is a primary cause of urban flooding which can result in property damage, damp and mold in basements, and street flooding.

 Effects of Surface Runoff:-

Erosion and deposition Surface runoff can cause erosion of the Earth's surface; eroded material may be deposited a considerable distance away. There are four main types of soil erosion by water:  Splash Erosion,  Sheet Erosion,  Rill Erosion,  Gully Erosion. Splash erosion is the result of mechanical collision of raindrops with the soil surface: soil particles which are dislodged by the impact then move with the surface runoff. Sheet erosion is the overland transport of sediment by runoff without a well-defined channel. Soil surface roughness causes may cause runoff to become concentrated into narrower flow paths: as these incise, the small but well-defined channels which are formed are known as rills. These channels can be as small as one centimeter wide or as large as several meters. If runoff continue to incise and enlarge rills, they may eventually grow to become gullies.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Figure 6: Soil erosion by water on intensively-tilled farmland.

Gully erosion can transport large amounts of eroded material in a small time period.

Reduced crop productivity usually results from erosion, and these effects are studied in the field of soil conservation. The soil particles carried in runoff vary in size from about .001 millimeter to 1.0 millimeter in diameter. Larger particles settle over short transport distances, whereas small particles can be carried over long distances suspended in the water column. There are many sediment transport equations which are suitable for use in the prediction of the replenishment rate of rivers/ watershed. Some of the Famous sediment transport equations are: ‐

1. Dandy – Bolton Equation 2. Yang Equations 3. Engelund‐Hansen Equation 4. Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE)  DANDY ‐ BOLTON EQUATION

Dandy Bolton formula is often used to calculate the sedimentation yield. But use of these equations to predict sediment yield for a specific location would be unwise because of the wide variability caused by local factors not considered in the equations development. However, they may provide a quick, rough approximation of mean sediment yields on a regional basis for preliminary watershed planning. Computed sediment yields normally would be low for highly erosive areas and high for well stabilized drainage basins with high plant density because the equations are derived from average values. The equations express the general relationships between sediment yield, runoff, and drainage area. Many variables influence sediment yield from a drainage basin. They include climate, drainage area, soils, geology, topography, vegetation and land use. The effect of any of these variables may vary greatly from one geographic location to another, and the relative importance of controlling factors often varies within a given land resource area. Studies revealed that sediment yield per unit area generally decreases as drainage area increases. As drainage area increases, average land slopes usually decrease; and

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District there is less probability of an intense rainstorm over the entire basin. Both phenomena tend to decrease sediment yield per unit area. In arid regions, sparse precipitation and low run‐ off are the limiting factors. As precipitation increases, density of vegetation also increases, resulting in less erosion. In areas with adequate and evenly distributed precipitation, vegetation thus becomes the limiting factor. The accuracy of the sedimentation surveys varied, ranging from reconnaissance type measurements of sediment deposits to detailed surveys consisting of closely spaced cross‐sections or contours. Runoff data are translated to inches per year per unit area and sediment deposition data to tons per year per square mile of net drainage area. Net drainage area is defined as the sediment‐contributing area and normally excluded areas above upstream reservoirs or other structures that were effective sediment traps. Actual sediment yields undoubtedly were slightly higher because most reservoirs do not trap inflowing sediment. Sediment Yield vs. Drainage Area: ‐ On the average, sediment yield is inversely proportional to the 0.16 power of drainage area between 1 and 30,000 square miles. Sediment Yield vs. Runoff: ‐ Sediment yield increased sharply to about 1,860 tons per square mile per year as run‐off increased from 0 to about 2 inches. As runoff increased from 2 to about 50 inches, sediment yield decreased exponentially. Because sediment yield must approach zero as runoff approaches zero, a curve through the plotted points must begin at the origin. The abrupt change in slope of a curve through the data points at Q equals 2 inches

Precluded the development of a continuous function that would adequately define this relationship. Thus, there are two equations derived for when Q was less than 2 inches and when Q was greater than 2 inches.

 Combined Effect of Drainage area and Surface Run off on Sediment Yield

Dandy‐ Bolton determined the combined influence of runoff and drainage area on sediment yield to compute the sediment yield. They developed two equations i.e. for run off less than 2 inch and for run off more than 2 inch, which are given below:‐ Where: S = Sediment yield (tons/sq miles/yr) Q = Mean Annual runoff (inch) A = Net drainage are in sq mile For run off less than 2 inch. (Q<2in) S=1289*(Q) 0.46*[1.43-0.26 Log (A)] F For run off more than 2 inches. (Q > 2 in): S= 1958*(e ‐0.055*Q)*[1.43‐0.26 Log (A)]

 UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION

Sediment loss from water erosion Modeling sediment loss MUSLE is a modification of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). USLE is an estimate of sheet and rill soil movement down a uniform slope using rain- fall energy as the erosive force acting on the soil (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). Depending on soil characteristics (texture, structure, organic matter, and permeability), some soils erode easily while others are inherently more resistant to the erosive action of rain- fall. MUSLE is similar to USLE except for the energy component. USLE depends strictly upon

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District rainfall as the source of erosive energy. MUSLE uses storm-based runoff volumes and runoff peak flows to simulate erosion and sediment yield (Williams 1995). The use of runoff variables rather than rainfall erosivity as the driving force enables MUSLE to estimate sediment yields for individual storm events. The water erosion model uses an equation of the form:

Y X EK CVF PE SL ROKF where: Y = sediment yield in tons per hectare EK = soil erodibility factor CVF = crop management factor that captures the relative effectiveness of soil and crop management systems in preventing soil loss PE = erosion control practice factor (including management practices such as terraces, contour farming, and strip cropping) SL = slope length and steepness factor ROKF = coarse fragment factor For estimating MUSLE, the energy factor, X, is represented by 0.56 0.12 X 1.58p6 Qq  WSA

where: Q = runoff volume in millimeters qp = peak runoff rate in millimeters per hour WSA = watershed area in hectares

Runoff volume is estimated using the SCS curve number method. Peak flow was estimated using a modification of the rational method which relates rainfall to peak flow on a proportional basis. The rational equation is: q C i A

where: q = peak flow rate C = runoff coefficient representing watershed characteristics i = rainfall intensity for the watershed’s time of concentration A = watershed area

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Chapter - 7 GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

 River System

(Source: Sentinel 2B Imagery Data, 20 February 2020)

The district is rich in natural drainage lines. The total length of the drainage in Hoogly district is 461.83 km. Damodar, Dwarakeswar, Hoogly, Mundeswari and Saraswati are the main rivers of Hoogly district. The others tributaries are Sankari, Ghea, Kunti, Dankuni–khal and Baidyabati khal etc. At Tribeni near Bandel in Hoogly District in the Indian state of West Bengal the Bhagirathi branched off into three streams. The Saraswati flowed south-west beyond Saptagram, the Jamuna (this is distinct from the river of same name in northern India and several streams of the same name in eastern Bengal) flowed south-east, past the northern boundary of present-day town of Kalyani and the Bhagirathi proper flowing through the present Hoogly channel to Kolkata and then through , past , to the sea.

- Damodar River, river in northeastern India, rising with its many tributaries, notably the Bokaro and Konar, in the of south- central state. It follows a generally eastward course for 368 miles (592 km) through West Bengal to join the Hugli (Hoogly) River southwest of Kolkata (Calcutta). Damodar River was earlier known as the "River of Sorrows"as it used to flood many areas of Bardhaman, Hoogly, Howrah and Medinipur districts. Even now the floods sometimes affect the lower Damodar Valley, but the havoc it wreaked in earlier years is now a matter of history.

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 Dwarkeswar River- The river originates near Madhabpur in district and enters near Chhatna. It cuts across the district flowing past the district headquarters and enters the southeastern tip of East . It then passes through Hoogly District. The Silai joins it near and the two together are known as , which flows into the Hoogly River near in . has much sedimentation from low water (any season). In rainy seasons it is filled up with water; then huge sedimentations block the channel. Even near Arambagh the channel basin has been reduced by garbage and anthropogenic (man made) activities.

 Hoogly River- The Hoogly River or the Bhāgirathi-Hoogly, originally and in local tongues the 'Ganga', and also called Kati-Ganga, is an approximately 260-kilometre- long (160 mi) of the River in West Bengal, India. The Ganges splits into the Padma and the Hoogly near Giria, . Today there is a further man-made bifurcation of the river upstream at Farakka. The Padma flows eastward into Bangladesh, whereas the Hoogly flows south through West Bengal. The river flows through the , the lower deltaic districts of West Bengal, and eventually into the Bay of Bengal. The upper riparian zone of the river is called Bhagirathi while the lower riparian zone is called Hoogly. Major rivers that drain into the Bhagirathi-Hoogly include Mayurakshi, Jalangi, Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan and Haldi rivers other than the Ganges. Kolkata and Hugli-Chinsura, the headquarters of Hoogly (district), are located on the banks of this river.

- Mundeswari river is a small river in West Bengal which causes floods in Hoogly, Purba Medinipur and Howrah districts during the monsoons. Any discharge above 2,000 cubic metres per second (70,000 cu ft/s) downstream of Barrage may cause flooding depending on the outfall condition of the Mundeswari at Harinkhola. It has been suggested that the banks of rivers such as Mundeswari should be protected with embankments to prevent floods

- The starting point of the river Saraswati from the river Hoogly at Tribeni. At Tribeni near Bandel in Hoogly District in the Indian state of West Bengal the Bhagirathi branched off into three streams. The Saraswati flowed south-west beyond Saptagram, the Jamuna (this is distinct from the river of same name in northern India and several streams of the same name in eastern Bengal) flowed south-east, past the northern boundary of present-day town of Kalyani and the Bhagirathi proper flowing through the present Hoogly channel to Kolkata and then through Adi Ganga, past Kalighat, to the sea. It is believed that the Saraswati flowed into an estuary near present-day and received the waters of not only the Rupnarayan and Damodar but several other smaller streams. Sometime after the 8th century AD, lost its importance primarily on account of silting up of the mouth of Saraswati and the consequent shifting of its course.

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 Climate

Figure: Wind Speed And Direction Distribution In

(Source: www.indianclimate.com)

Hoogly has a tropical savanna climate. The annual mean temperature is 26.80C, although monthly mean temperatures range from 160C to 330C and maximum temperatures in Hoogly often exceed 380C. The main seasonal influence upon the climate is the monsoon. Maximum rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August and the average annual total is above 1,500mm. Moderate northwesterly to northeasterly winds prevails for most of the year with a high frequency of calms. Summer is dominated by strong southwesterly monsoon winds. Winters are comfortable with temperatures lying between 110 C to 170 C. The average wind speed in Hooghly is 2.6 m/s with the maximum wind speed of around 11 m/s.

 Geomorphology

The district is a completely flat land with no place having more than an elevation of 200 metre. According to genesis and evolution of landforms, the district can broadly have divided into two divisions i.e.;  Old alluvial plains to the west of river Dwarakeswar.  The monotonous level alluvial plains in the east which can be further divided into:- a. Natural Levee. b. Meander floor plain. c. Alluvial Plain. .

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Representative Map

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 Soil

Soils of the area are taxonomically classified into three orders i.e. Alfisol, Inceptisols and Entisols. All the 18 soils series identified in the area are further classified into 7 sub-orders, 8 great groups, 14 subgroups and 18 families. Soils of the district have tremendous potential for variety of agriculture crops. Soils of the district has almost none to slight (65.79%) erosion followed by moderate erosion(14.54%) and slight to moderate erosion (16.82%). Alluvial plains (84.10%) are the major physiography of the district followed by flood plains (6.50%), stream bank (1.10%) and marshy land (1.04%).

 Level to nearly level slope 49,007ha 15.56%  Nearly level to very gently slope 2,39,558ha 76.07%  Very gently slope 3,466ha 1.10%  Very gently to gently slope 192ha 0.06%

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 Irrigation

Irrigation Area (‘000 Ha)

Net Irrigated Area 157.52

Gross Irrigated Area 213.53

Rain fed Area 371.05

Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 Ha) Percentage of total irrigated area

Canals - 52.40 23.43

Tanks 41448 21.00 9.39

Open wells - - -

Bore wells - 113.00 47.75

Lift irrigation scheme 19858 19.00 8.49

Micro-irrigation - - -

Other sources - 8.13 3.63

Total Irrigated Area - 213.53 92.69

(Source: Agriculture Contingency Plan for District Hooghly)

There are three Irrigation and waterways Divisions working in this District --- 1. Hooghly Irrigation and Waterways Division, 2. Lower Damodar Irrigation and Waterways, 3. Howrah Irrigation and Waterways.  Demography

The administrative division and population of the district is given below:-

DEMOGRAPHY (Census 2011)

Total Population 55.19 Lakhs

Male Population 28,14,653

Female Population 27,04,492

Population Growth 9.46%

Area Sq. Km. 3,149

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DEMOGRAPHY (Census 2011)

Density / Km2 1,753

Proportion to West Bengal Population 6.05%

Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 961

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 952

Average Literacy 81.80

Male Literacy 87.03

Female Literacy 76.36

Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 5,33,210

Male Population (0-6 Age) 2,73,116

Female Population (0-6 Age) 2,60,094

Literates 40,78,388

Male Literates 22,11,777

Female Literates 18,66,611

Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 9.66%

Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 9.70%

Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 9.62%

 Horticulture

Horticultural crops of the District offer a lot of scope in the value addition, productivity enhancement, export promotion, employment generation & economic development in the District. Efforts are being made to exploit the scope of organic farming, more hybrid varieties of vegetables as well as fruits, to maintain orchard in more judicious way, to increase area under fruits, floriculture, medicinal aromatic, spices cultivation and plantation crops.

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Horticulture Crops – Fruits Area (‘000 Ha) Rain fed

Mango 5.59

Banana - Guava 0.22

Litchi 0.22

Papaya 0.73

 Forest The forests of West Bengal are classified into seven categories viz., Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forest, Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest, Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest, Littoral and Swampy Forest, Sub- Tropical Hill Forest, Eastern Himalayan Wet Temperate Forest and Alpine Forest. The forests of this state has a rich assemblage of diverse habitats and vegetation designated with the help of eight different forest types. The diverse fauna and flora of West Bengal possess the combined characteristics of the Himalayan, sub-Himalayan and Gangetic plain. Forest are one of the renewable resources which may increase or decrease with time depending on natural conditions and the rate of exploitation. Tropical forests are found in the Hoogly district. Apart from the social forestry, small patches of forest land are located at Arambag range (chandur forest) and Goghat-1 (Bhadur forest) in Hoogly district.

The forest region under plantation extends over three types of areas; these are; a) Areas which are on the river bank, have sandy soil, are subject to inundation, as well as dry patch, high soil temperature during summer. b) Areas which are exposed to large scale inundation during rains, mostly in pardra and bhadur. c) Highlands with established crops of teak or other different species in areas like pardra and bhadur mouza.

Sl. No. Mouza With J.L. No. Police Station Total Area in Acres

1 Bhabapur-1 Goghat-1 32.75

2 Paradra-3 Arambagh 120.80

3 Arajakiriti Daspur-128 Arambagh 43.69

4 Tarahat-130 (Gakahus) Arambagh 18.69

5 Chandur-8 Arambagh 78.64

6 Telipara-9 Arambagh 71.43

7 Adra-30 Arambagh 154.28

8 Bhadur-31 Goghat-1 83.44

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Sl. No. Mouza With J.L. No. Police Station Total Area in Acres

9 Pyarinagar-60 Goghat-1 44.27

10 Birampur-62 Goghat-1 3.92

11 Methul-63 Goghat-1 0.42 Total 853.60

(Source: Department of Forest, Hooghly)

(Source: Sentinel 2B Imagery Data, 20 February 2020)

In West Bengal emphasis has been given to conservation and management of sustainable resources in order to achieve the goal of long-term biodiversity conservation. The overall strategy involves protection of critical habitats of endangered species. The strategies also focus on improved PA management, development of infrastructure, habitat improvement programme, reduction of man animal conflict, capacity building and involvement of local people in management of PA areas. The Bengal wilderness is also home of an array of highly endangered species like the Asian Elephant , Great one horned Rhino, Serow, Red Panda, Pigmy Hog, Bengal Florican, Black Necked Crane, Great pied Hornbill, Goliath Heron, Estuarine Crocodile, Salvator Lizards, Olive Ridley Marine Turtle, rare Batagur terrapin, let alone being the habitat for most of the cats of India, e.g. Bengal Tiger and Leopard and the Clouded Leopard, Marbled Cat, Leopard Cat, Golden Cat, Jungle Cat and, representing the lesser cats, etc.

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 Hydrogeology

(Source: State Water Investigation Directorate, Govt. of West Bengal)

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In Hoogly District the alluvium in the area forms a rich repository of ground water. Each aquifer system consists of two to three aquifers separated by thin clay layers, which are not regionally extensive. The material of the shallow aquifer is fine to medium grained sands in the upper part and coarser in the lower part. Generally the first aquifer is restricted within 60 to 80mbgl depth. However at some places like (Tarakeswar block) and Bhadreswar (Serampore-Uttarpara block) the 1st aquifer has been noticed to continue down to 127 mbgl and 113 mbgl depth respectively and further continuing downward.

Generally the second aquifer system starts below 90 mbgl. However in Dhaniakhali block at Uliara and Chandpur the second aquifer seems to start from 30m depth and continues at places down to a depth as high as 212 mbgl and further below. At Arambagh where exploratory well was constructed tapping only one aquifer system in the depth range of 32 to 65.5 mbgl, a yield of 50.45 m3/ hr at a draw down of only 5.12m was obtained.

At Arambagh where exploratory was constructed tapping only one aquifer system in the depth range of 32 to 65.5 mbgl, a yield of 50.45m3 / hr at a drawdown of only 5.12m was obtained and the value of transmissivity was determined to be 4128.22m2 /day. In Pursurah block, which is adjoining to Arambagh block a yield of 39m3/hr was obtained for a drawdown of 2.65 m from an exploratory well constructed tapping the zone in the depth range of 85-94 mbgl and 124-148 mbgl at Srirampur and the value of trasmissivity was determined to be 1687.95m2/day. At Guptipara in Balagarh block it has been observed that shallow exploratory well tapping the zone in the depth range of 48-60 mbgl gives an yield of 36m3 /hr for a drawdown of 1.97m and the value of transmissivity was determined to be 1860m2 /day. The deep exploratory well constructed tapping the zone between 118-130 mbgl and 166-175 mbgl has yielded, 46m3/ hr for a drawdown of 1.97 m and the value of transmissivity ranges between 2443 to 2791m2/day. The value of storage co-efficient at Srirampur is 4.16X10-1, which indicated that the tapped aquifer is under unconfined condition. At Guptipara the values of storage confident for shallow exploratory well and that of deep exploratory well 7.27X10_. and 3.17X10_. respectively, indicating that both the aquifers are under confined condition. At Natagarh the values of storage co-efficient for shallow exploratory well and that of deep exploratory well are 2.07X10-3 and 1.87X10- 5 respectively, indicating that the shallow aquifer is likely to be under semi-confined, while the deeper aquifer is under confined condition.

Transmissivity - 4,128.22 to 5.408.96 m2/d

Storage Co-efficient – 1.1 X10-3 to 4.6 X10-3

Pre- monsoon depth to water level during 2006 varied from 0.4 to 18.69 mbgl

Post- monsoon depth to water level varied from 0.39 to 14.75 mbgl.

Pre-monsoon Long term water level trend in 10 years (1997-2006) shows decling trend for all except Khanakul-I and Balagarh blocks. Post-monsoon water level trends also shows decling trend.

 Groundwater Resources:-

The dynamic ground water resources of Hugli district has been estimated jointly by CGWB and SWID, Govt. of West Bengal, following the norms laid down by GEC 1997 methodology and projected as on 31.03.04. The reconciled figures are as under:

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 Total Ground Water Resource : 160982 ham  Net Annual Ground Water Availability : 152640 ham  Existing Ground Water Draft for All Uses 59093 ham For Irrigation : 53047 ham  For Domestic & Industrial Water Supply : 60468944 ham  Stage of Ground Water Development : 38.71%  Allocation for Domestic & Industrial Water Supply Requirement Up to Next 25 yrs. : 8419 ham  Net Ground Water Available for future irrigation development : 91175 ham  Categorization of blocks : 10 no. of blocks are caregorized under ‘Safe’, 2 blocks are under ‘Semi- critical’ category

 Groundwater Quality:-

In general groundwater is potable in Hoogly district except sporadic occurrence of high concentration of arsenic in Balagarh block and high concentration of iron in different blocks. The chemical analysis data of water samples indicate the salinity of groundwater is not a problem as in most of the district the value of EC of ground water is less than 1000 micro mhos per cm at 250 C.

 Groundwater Management Strategy:- Groundwater Development

In Hugli district, entire area is underlain by alluvium-Older alluvium (Goghat 1&11 blocks) and in remaining area by Newer alluvium. Block wise strategy for ground water development has been furnished in item no. 3.4.Hence, a general strategy, as applicable, in the district is summarized below.

• The aquifers both at shallow and deeper levels are potential except a few exceptions. Both medium and heavy duty tube wells are feasible tapping the shallow and deep aquifers.

• All over the district sporadic high iron concentration in groundwater is a serious problem both for domestic and industrial use and hence wherever needed iron elimination plant for treatment of ground water is must.

• In Balagarh block sporadic high arsenic concentration in groundwater in shallow aquifer is a serious problem and arsenic concentration in any water collected from newly constructed shallow tube well is to be determined before drinking. Whenever any deep tube well is constructed the deeper aquifer is to be separated from the shallow aquifer by cement sealing putting against the clay layer lying above the deep aquifer. In Balagarh block potable groundwater development both from the shallow and the deeper aquifers should be in very restricted manner as if the development of groundwater is excessively higher than the natural recharge it will increase the hydraulic gradient enhancing the rate of flow of groundwater from up-gradient to lower gradient side and by it arsenic

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contaminated groundwater gradually will cover more and more areas. The water conserved in ponds, especially in arsenic affected areas can be used for drinking purpose after treatment through Horizontal Roughing Filters using sand as filter media and this technique especially in non-electrified with less population can be utilized for providing drinking water as it does not require electricity. This technique is being followed in some parts of West Bengal. Due to hydro-chemical reasons arsenic concentration in groundwater available from open wells is within permissible limit and in Balagar block villagers may be encouraged to construct open wells for drawing water having arsenic concentration within the limit.

• Goghat-1 and Pandua blocks are under semi-critical category and hence groundwater development from these blocks should be monitored property.

• Roof top rain water harvesting for conservation at domestic level in PVC/ cemented tank may be encouraged in the entire district, at least for non-drinking purpose which consume maximum water in domestic sector. Villagers are to be encouraged for proper maintenance of pond as these are the ideal rainwater conservation structures in this district.

• In this district in major part of the area depth to water levels during post-monsoon period remains much more than 3mbgl. Hence in such areas artificial recharge to groundwater for augmenting its resources can be done through different techniques and any technique to be adopted for artificial recharge to groundwater at any site will depend on the hydrogeological condition of that particular site.

• Design of any tube well and also the spacing between the wells should be proper. For any tube well the thickness of annular space to be filled by the shrouded gravels should be 7.62cm (3") to 10.16cm (4") and the size of the gravel should be matching with the formation to be tapped. Gravel should be quartzitic. The capacity of pump to be lowered in the tube well should not exceed the discharge at which the tube well is developed.

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 Depth of Ground Water Level (in MBGL)

Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Sl. Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Block No. Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004

1 Gohat-I 14.01 7.12 15.83 6.58 14.49 6.19 14.53 8.94 2 Gohat-II 11.37 4.67 11.54 3.31 11.79 2.98 14.81 5.76 3 Arambag 10.73 5.46 12.93 4.92 11.88 3.80 13.03 6.20 4 Khanakul-I 9.98 5.33 12.64 4.83 11.58 3.51 12.77 6.06 5 Khanakul-II N.A. 4.42 11.17 4.71 11.91 3.77 12.13 6.85 6 Pursurah 10.14 5.95 13.22 5.46 10.05 4.25 12.99 5.70 7 Tarakeswar 11.15 5.60 12.71 5.43 10.36 4.96 13.22 5.69 8 Dhaniakhali 11.41 5.89 13.54 6.16 14.28 5.99 15.27 6.90 9 Haripal 11.65 4.65 14.11 4.94 12.59 4.55 15.52 5.31 10 Jangipara 11.72 4.07 15.36 4.65 11.09 4.23 13.88 5.83 11 Chanditala-I 10.44 4.60 13.6 4.95 11.92 3.86 14.93 5.16 12 Chanditala-II 11.58 6.76 11.24 7.48 11.94 6.86 13.25 8.23 13 Singur 12.19 6.34 14.61 6.24 13.82 5.00 15.15 6.56 14 Serampur-Uttarpara 8.51 5.86 8.47 6.14 10.00 6.42 10.12 6.54 15 Chinsurah-Mogra 12.08 7.13 11.68 7.75 10.09 7.44 11.46 8.36 16 Polba-Dadpur 14.06 6.91 14.85 6.84 16.65 7.12 18.65 8.88 17 Pandua 16.79 10.69 16.38 11.31 17.62 12.76 17.63 12.27 18 Balagarh 9.67 6.43 9.16 6.83 13.33 7.19 11.59 N.A.

Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Sl. Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Block No. Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008

1 Gohat-I 15.24 8.40 15.92 8.70 16.05 N.A. 15.56 8.21 2 Gohat-II 12.88 4.62 14.09 6.40 13.40 N.A. 12.71 5.90 3 Arambag 12.31 6.47 13.23 7.94 14.20 5.95 13.11 6.02 4 Khanakul-I 11.18 5.17 13.26 6.75 12.55 5.60 12.15 6.33 5 Khanakul-II 11.76 5.39 11.11 6.16 10.22 5.44 9.78 5.42 6 Pursurah 11.46 5.73 12.48 6.70 12.58 6.26 11.32 6.29 7 Tarakeswar 11.44 6.32 13.58 6.86 12.60 6.21 11.12 6.17 8 Dhaniakhali 13.84 7.36 13.72 9.07 14.98 6.64 13.16 6.71 9 Haripal 12.76 5.59 14.48 6.95 15.16 5.78 13.29 5.55 10 Jangipara 12.08 4.87 14.51 5.74 13.50 4.66 11.39 4.48 11 Chanditala-I 10.90 5.75 14.11 6.64 14.46 5.39 13.37 5.72 12 Chanditala-II 11.90 8.38 14.12 8.66 12.27 7.77 11.85 8.03 13 Singur 14.02 7.34 15.59 9.30 15.26 8.08 11.66 6.77 14 Serampur-Uttarpara 8.72 7.45 11.60 8.67 11.01 9.98 10.79 8.73 15 Chinsurah-Mogra 12.02 8.91 13.53 9.73 13.67 8.62 12.78 8.79 16 Polba-Dadpur 15.37 8.93 17.13 13.89 19.76 8.20 17.13 8.41 17 Pandua 17.12 13.32 19.15 15.46 19.95 12.34 17.68 11.15 18 Balagarh 9.65 7.80 12.02 10.82 14.47 N.A. 12.66 7.66

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Sl. Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Block No. Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012

1 Gohat-I 15.87 14.17 16.70 14.81 18.01 14.72 18.09 14.28 2 Gohat-II 13.28 11.86 15.61 13.65 14.70 12.47 15.97 13.69 3 Arambag 13.29 9.89 15.15 10.74 14.65 10.99 15.90 10.68 4 Khanakul-I 14.37 9.38 13.38 N.A. 16.06 10.66 18.29 10.43 5 Khanakul-II 9.92 7.66 15.17 N.A. 13.24 8.18 13.20 8.81 6 Pursurah 13.25 8.71 15.01 9.13 13.78 8.93 14.31 11.06 7 Tarakeswar 13.79 8.09 14.69 8.39 13.93 8.43 14.30 10.68 8 Dhaniakhali 14.02 9.32 13.90 10.25 14.30 8.99 14.82 11.18 9 Haripal 14.51 6.81 13.80 9.73 13.10 7.61 14.46 9.27 10 Jangipara 13.77 6.29 15.05 7.89 15.05 8.65 15.34 10.50 11 Chanditala-I 13.32 7.63 13.51 N.A. 14.85 7.84 14.27 9.94 12 Chanditala-II 14.27 9.35 15.35 N.A. 15.04 10.09 14.22 11.88 13 Singur 14.05 10.59 16.94 10.71 15.65 10.61 16.24 12.33 14 Serampur-Uttarpara 11.43 8.43 11.45 9.03 12.00 9.11 11.87 9.83 15 Chinsurah-Mogra 12.83 9.96 13.80 10.07 13.2 11.34 14.03 11.73 16 Polba-Dadpur 18.75 11.56 17.74 13.03 17.39 12.94 18.84 15.32 17 Pandua 18.55 12.48 19.23 15.28 18.08 15.22 19.48 17.59 18 Balagarh 12.45 8.87 14.76 9.57 10.85 9.91 14.15 9.71

Average Average Sl. Pre Post Block No. Monsoon Monsoon 2013 2013

1 Gohat-I 17.97 10.63 2 Gohat-II 16.09 10.82 3 Arambag 15.34 7.79 4 Khanakul-I 16.12 5.89 5 Khanakul-II 13.30 5.79 6 Pursurah 14.84 6.50 7 Tarakeswar 14.72 6.95 8 Dhaniakhali 14.51 7.52 9 Haripal 15.17 7.03 10 Jangipara 16.19 6.35 11 Chanditala-I 15.81 6.44 12 Chanditala-II 15.75 9.15 13 Singur 16.75 8.58 14 Serampur-Uttarpara 12.27 8.85 15 Chinsurah-Mogra 13.72 9.52 16 Polba-Dadpur 17.42 9.77 17 Pandua 18.72 13.62 18 Balagarh 12.44 7.00 (Source: State Water Investigation Directorate, Govt. of West Bengal)

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 Water Conservation & Artificial Recharge:-

Rain Water Harvesting is need of the day. Normal annual rainfall in the district is 1477mrn and normal monsoon rainfall is 1098mm i.e. sufficient rainfall is available for rainwater harvesting.

Conservation of Rainwater: In many parts of the district where during post-monsoon period depth to water levels remains less than 3mbgl structures for conservation of rainwater will be the ideal rainwater harvesting structures. Rainwater for conservation can be available both from the rooftops and also from the land surface. Considering the normal annual rainfall huge quantity of rainwater can be made available from these two sources.  The water that can be available from roofs can be stored giving considerations to all types of losses in cemented tanks or in PVC tanks. Before conserving, the water should be sand filtered.

 The rainwater that can be available from any land surface can be stored in any ponds and in this case sites as well as designs of ponds are to be finalized considering local hydrogeological as well as terrain conditions. In other parts of the district where during post-monsoon period depth to water levels are more than 3mbgl rainwater conservation can be done by the techniques as mentioned below:  In addition to the techniques mentioned above , the surface water which flows through streams/ nallahs can be conserved with the help of check dams, giving due considerations to the surrounding farmers' lands, local hydrogeological conditions and terrain conditions.

 In undulating terrain gully plugs can be feasible on cultivated lands to conserve limited quantity of water and there by soil moisture can be increased which will be beneficial for crop production. Artificial Recharge to Groundwater:

Feasibility of artificial recharge to groundwater is site specific. The guiding factors for selecting sites and type of structure for artificial recharge to ground water are as follows:

 As far as possible any site should be selected on plain terrain.

 Hydrogeological conditions should be feasible to get recharged by rainwater. o Sites should be selected in such areas that the recharged water are not drained out easily in natural conditions through streams/ nallahs before development of the recharged water.

 Non- committed rainwater is to be utilized for artificial recharge to groundwater.

 Post-monsoon water level should be more than 3mbgl.

 As far as possible any structure is to be constructed on such a terrain where there is ample scope of development of groundwater and the terrain is plain.

In Hugli district the feasible structures for artificial recharge to ground water are as follows:

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 In the district where post-monsoon water level is mainly within 3mbgl, but pre- monsoon water level is more than 3mbgl,

 Dry dug wells after cleaning can be used for artificial recharge to groundwater. However, before recharging the water is to be sand filtered.

 During monsoon period many ponds over flow and this surplus water can be used, considering feasible hydrogeological conditions, with the help of any of the above mentioned structures for artificial recharge to groundwater. In addition to these structures, tube wells can also be used for recharging the groundwater.

 Awareness & Training Activity:-

MASS AWARENESS PROGRAM (M.A.P.)

Mass Awareness Two numbers of Mass Awareness Programmes were Programme(MAP) conducted in this district till date. The details are as follows: Sl. Place Period No. of Theme No. Participants 1. Balagarh 2001-2002 150 Depletion of Groundwater Level, Problem of Arsenic Pollution & Remedial measures through artificial recharge 2. Chinsurah 2007-2008 325 Groundwater management and prospect of Rain water harvesting

 Water Management Training Programme (WMTP):- NIL

 Area Notified by CGWB/SGWA:- Nil

Source- CGWB Report (Hoogly District)

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Chapter - 8 Land Utilization Pattern In The District

(Source: Sentinel 2B Imagery Data, 20 February 2020)

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(Source: Sentinel 2B Imagery Data, 20 February 2020)

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(Source: Sentinel 2B Imagery Data, 20 February 2020)

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(Source: Sentinel 2B Imagery Data, 20 February 2020)

Sl. No. Land Use Area (In Hectares) Percentage 1 Tropical Evergreen Forest 34556.648 11 2 Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forest 5883.86 1.87 3 Builtup Land Rural 61440.27 19.55 4 Water Bodies 7134.61 2.27 5 Scrubland 29987.37 9.54 6 Cropland 19919.46 6.34 7 Builtup Land Urban 1737.00 0.55 8 Sand 2101.98 0.67 9 Fallow Land 151527.09 48.21 Total 314288.29 100

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Chapter - 9 Physiography of The District

The district is a completely flat land with no place having more than an elevation of 200 metre. The River Hoogly borders it to the east. Most of the land of the district is alluvial type of soil due to well distribution of river system. Another major river is 'Damodar'. The entire area is a part of the Gangetic Delta. The Hoogly is a tidal river and has a high west bank. The district is bordered by Howrah District to the south, Bardhaman District to the north, and to the east by the River Hoogly. Bankura District lies to the north-west, with Medinipur District to the south-west.

According to genesis and evolution of landforms, the district can broadly have divided into two divisions i.e.;

. Old alluvial plains to the west of river Dwarakeswar. . The monotonous level alluvial plains in the east which can be further divided into:-  Natural Levee.  Meander floor plain.  Alluvial Plain. The hooghly estuary is a positive estuary of mixohaline type. It has an approximately funnel shaped wide mouth and probably due to the strong scouring action of the stream as well as tidal currents, a greater overall circulation is maintained. The tidal influence is felt in the upper reach of the river up to a- distance of 290 km. from the sea-face. The estuary experiences vertical turbulence to a high degree and is reported to have no appreciable stratification of temperature and salinities practically throughout its entire length (Bose, 1956). Based on the salinity characteristics, the estuary can roughly be divided into fresh, gradient, tidal and marine zones (Basu, 1965). In the upper reaches the silt does not flocculate until salt water intrudes some months after the monsoon. The turbulence and vertical mixing is sufficient to keep much of the flocculate in suspension in the lower reaches which may interfere badly the distribution of plankton mass in this environment. This estuarine complex of the tropics occupies an important place in the world map and can be categorised as 'River delta estuary’ (formed at the mouth of large rivers) which has been advocated by Odum (1971) in addition to Pritchard's (1961) four categories of estuarine system.

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Chapter - 10 Rainfall: Month Wise & Climate Condition

Rainfall Data (mm.)

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Avg. of 5 Yrs. Jan 5.70 0.00 1.30 9.10 0.00 3.22

Feb 7.40 0.00 14.00 4.10 44.00 13.9

Mar 5.70 23.90 20.30 16.00 19.50 17.08

Apr 70.40 11.80 0.00 62.40 0.10 28.94

May 54.70 115.20 85.30 54.00 78.60 77.56

Jun 140.30 186.60 166.20 299.50 218.30 202.18

Jul 339.30 434.60 253.00 671.60 239.90 387.68

Aug 195.00 227.00 347.10 188.00 289.10 249.24

Sep 148.70 180.80 242.80 215.30 190.50 195.62

Oct 20.10 212.40 75.90 27.20 34.40 74

Nov 0.90 25.20 12.70 0.10 0.00 7.78

Dec 22.70 19.90 0.00 1.80 0.00 8.88 (Source: Indian Meteorological Department, Nagpur)

The average wind speed in Hooghly is 2.6 m/s with the maximum wind speed of around 11 m/s. The average ambient temperature remains 26°C, varies from 8.4°C to 37.1°C. The average relative humidity remains around 77%, varies from 21.2% to 98.6%. The station pressure varies from 1006 hPa to 990 hPa, averaged around 1019 hPa. Windrose of Hooghly shows that predominantly wind blow from the S - about 14.3% of all wind directions.

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Figure: Daily variation of meteorological parameters over the year in Hooghly

(Source: www.indianclimate.com)

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Chapter - 11 GEOLOGY AND THE MINERAL WEALTH OF THE AREA

(Source: Geological Survey of India)

The Bengal Basin in the northeastern part of Indian subcontinent, between the Indian Shield and Indo-Burman Ranges, comprises three geo-tectonic provinces: (1) The Stable Shelf; (2) The Central Deep Basin (extending from the Sylhet Trough in the northeast towards the Hatia Trough in the south); and (3) The – Fold Belt. Due to location of the basin at the juncture of three interacting plates, viz., the Indian, Burma and Tibetan (Eurasian) Plates, the basin-fill history of these geo-tectonic provinces varied considerably. Precambrian metasediments and Permian–Carboniferous rocks have been encountered only in drill holes in the stable shelf province. After Precambrian peneplanation of the Indian Shield, sedimentation in the Bengal Basin started in isolated graben-controlled basins on the basement. With the breakup of Gondwanaland in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, and northward movement of the Indian Plate, the basin started downwarping in the Early Cretaceous and sedimentation started on the stable shelf and deep basin; and since then sedimentation has been continuous for most of the basin. Subsidence of the basin can be attributed to differential adjustments of the crust, collision with the various elements of south Asia, and uplift of the eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burman Ranges. Movements along several well-established

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District faults were initiated following the breakup of Gondwanaland and during downwarping in the Cretaceous.

By Eocene, because of a major marine transgression, the stable shelf came under a carbonate regime, whereas the deep basinal area was dominated by deep-water sedimentation. A major switch in sedimentation pattern over the Bengal Basin occurred during the Middle Eocene to Early Miocene as a result of collision of India with the Burma and Tibetan Blocks. The influx of clastic sediment into the basin from the Himalayas to the north and the Indo-Burman Ranges to the east rapidly increased at this time; and this was followed by an increase in the rate of subsidence of the basin. At this stage, deep marine sedimentation dominated in the deep basinal part, while deep to shallow marine conditions prevailed in the eastern part of the basin. By Middle Miocene, with continuing collision events between the plates and uplift in the Himalayas and Indo-Burman Ranges, a huge influx of clastic sediments came into the basin from the northeast and east. Throughout the Miocene, the depositional settings continued to vary from deep marine in the basin to shallow and coastal marine in the marginal parts of the basin. From Pliocene onwards, large amounts of sediment were filling the Bengal Basin from the west and northwest; and major delta building processes continued to develop the present-day delta morphology.

Since the Cretaceous, architecture of the Bengal Basin has been changing due to the collision pattern and movements of the major plates in the region. However, three notable changes in basin configuration can be recognized that occurred during Early Eocene, Middle Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene times, when both the paleogeographic settings and source areas changed. The present basin configuration with the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta system on the north and the Bengal Deep Sea Fan on the south was established during the later part of Pliocene and Pleistocene; and delta progradation since then has been strongly affected by orogeny in the eastern Himalayas. Pleistocene glacial activities in the north accompanied sea level changes in the Bay of Bengal.

Hoogly district is situated in the stable shelf zone in the western flank of Bengal Basin. Archaean crystalline basement, Gondwana sediments and Rajinahal volcanics of Mesozoic age flank this part of Bengal Basin to the west and northwest. The district is covered by a huge thickness of Quaternary alluvium underlain by Tertiary and Mesozoic formation (Biswas 1959). The sequence of sediments encountered in the borehole drilled under the Stanvac Project in Barddhaman district in the immediate vicinity of Hugli district reflects the changeof an initially marine to estuarine depositional environment through a deltaic phase to finally a fluviatile framework.Thick flows of basalt encountered at more than 2500m depth. Onthe surface two types of alluvia of Quaternary age are found -- Older Alluvium and Newer Alluvium. Older alluvium mixed with kankar and laterite forms the higher ground in a limited area falling in northwestern part of the district in Goghat-I block.The rest of the district is covered by Newer alluvium comprising sands of various grades with occasional gravels,clay, kankar and silt. Subsurface structural feature of significance in this stable shelf zone is characterized by regionally homodinal sedimentary sequence gently dippingtowards ESE. The eastern part of the second zone is marked by normal faulting which passes through

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Arambagh and further eastwards towards Chinsurah there is complete absence of structural features.

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Chapter - 12 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 Drainage system with description of main river

Area Drained % Area Drained in Sl.no Name of the River (square km) the District

1 Hoogly 1168.07 37.165

2 Damodar 195.59 6.223

3 Mundeswari 309.522 9.848

4 Dwarkeshwar 351.12 11.171

 Salient features of Important Rivers and Streams

Salient Features of Important River and Streams Name of the River Total Length in the Altitude at S.no Place of Origin Stream District (in km) Origin

1 Hoogly 86.93 (West Bengal) 8 m

2 Damodar 23.83 Chulhapani (Jharkhand) 910 m Srirampur (Bardhaman 3 Mundeswari 42.29 District) 137 m

4 Dwarkeshwar 26.51 Purulia (West Bengal) 228 m

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 Mineral Potential and Annual Deposition

Portion of River or Stream Length of Average width of Mineable mineral Sl. No. Recommended for Mineral Concession Area area area potential (in (Central Axis Latitude – Longitude And recommended for Name of the recommended recommended for metric tonne) Nearby Village Name) mineral River for mineral mineral (60% of total concession (in concession (in concession (in mineral square meter) km) meter) potential)*

D1 22°56' 26.011" N, 87°45' 48.132" E 1.649 337 187310 31861.431 Near Village Par Adra, Sub-division Arambag

D2 22°55' 42.752" N, 87°46' 16.348" E 1.886 474 175930 29925.693 Near Village Birampur, Sub-division Arambag

D3 22°55' 0.710" N, 87°45' 46.447" E

Near Village Pyarinagar, Sub-division 0.741 63 32880 5592.888 Arambag

D4 Dwarkeshwar 22°54' 28.295" N, 87°45' 36.812" E 0.912 291 68880 11716.488 Near Village Daulatpur, Sub-division Arambag

D5 22°49' 4.091" N, 87°46' 9.142" E 0.570 215 39290 6683.229 Near Village Salepur, Sub-division Arambag

D6 22°47' 17.607" N, 87°45' 24.612" E

Near Village Radhaballabhpur, Sub-division 1.472 133 107590 18301.059 Arambag

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Portion of River or Stream Length of Average width of Mineable mineral Sl. No. Recommended for Mineral Concession Area area area potential (in (Central Axis Latitude – Longitude And recommended for Name of the recommended recommended for metric tonne) Nearby Village Name) mineral River for mineral mineral (60% of total concession (in concession (in concession (in mineral square meter) km) meter) potential)*

23°13' 25.083" N, 88°27' 19.755" E

H1 Near Village Ghoshra, Sub-division 5.196 619 812370 138184.137 Chunchura (Filler Earth)

23°12' 57.053" N, 88°28' 21.312" E

H2 Near Village Pumlia, Sub-division Chunchura 1.610 431 104350 7899.444 (Filler Earth)

23°10' 27.458" N, 88°27' 2.351" E

H3 Near Village Rasulpur Char, Sub-division 0.339 79 291310 12500.649 Hoogly Chunchura (Filler Earth)

23°7' 1.911" N, 88°29' 50.547" E

H4 Near Village Gournagar, Sub-division 0.536 112 4563500 17749.935 Chunchura (Filler Earth)

23°3' 30.081" N, 88°27' 29.007" E

H5 Near Village Malopara, Sub-division 0.366 118 402520 49551.831 Chunchura (Filler Earth)

H6 23°2' 1.791" N, 88°26' 57.915" E 0.915 155 1434610 776251.35

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Portion of River or Stream Length of Average width of Mineable mineral Sl. No. Recommended for Mineral Concession Area area area potential (in (Central Axis Latitude – Longitude And recommended for Name of the recommended recommended for metric tonne) Nearby Village Name) mineral River for mineral mineral (60% of total concession (in concession (in concession (in mineral square meter) km) meter) potential)*

Near Village Durgapur, Sub-division Chunchura (Filler Earth)

22°56' 35.109" N, 88°24' 31.675" E

H7 Near Village Khamarpara Bakul Tala, Sub- 0.513 48 213170 68468.652 division Chunchura (Filler Earth)

22°55' 57.737" N, 88°24' 21.155" E H8 Near Village Wazid Nagar, Sub-division 0.473 87 34490 244027.161 Chunchura (Filler Earth)

22°55' 31.109" N, 88°24' 5.641" E H9 Near Village , Sub-division 0.717 234 333070 36260.217 Chunchura (Filler Earth)

22°54' 57.543" N, 88°23' 56.110" E

H10 Near Village Bikramnagar, Sub-division 1.603 493 46440 5866.749 Chunchura (Filler Earth)

22°52' 25.218" N, 88°23' 18.485" E

H11 Near Village Nikaripara, Sub-division 1.132 146 73490 56655.207 Chunchura (Filler Earth)

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Portion of River or Stream Length of Average width of Mineable mineral Sl. No. Recommended for Mineral Concession Area area area potential (in (Central Axis Latitude – Longitude And recommended for Name of the recommended recommended for metric tonne) Nearby Village Name) mineral River for mineral mineral (60% of total concession (in concession (in concession (in mineral square meter) km) meter) potential)*

22°55' 31.607" N, 87°55' 30.100" E M1 Near Village Bachhanari, Sub-division 1.524 272 1736400 295361.64 Arambag

22°54' 34.974" N, 87°55' 5.946" E M2 4.150 1568 599830 5662.629 Near Village Dulalbati, Sub-division Arambag

22°53' 43.374" N, 87°54' 35.012" E M3 Near Village Banamalipur, Sub-division 1.586 338 220030 22249.08 Arambag

22°53' 36.525" N, 87°54' 40.524" E M4 Mundeswari 2.575 587 463450 33727.428 Near Village Baitha, Sub-division Arambag

22°51' 23.177" N, 87°53' 39.043" E M5 Near Village Purba , Sub-division 0.925 251 24350 14407.47 Arambag

22°51' 12.328" N, 87°53' 51.604" E M6 0.526 90 43780 5285.007 Near Village Arunbera, Sub-division Arambag

22°49' 40.720" N, 87°54' 22.902" E M7 1.252 298 38650 102031.083 Near Village Kadipur, Sub-division Arambag

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Portion of River or Stream Length of Average width of Mineable mineral Sl. No. Recommended for Mineral Concession Area area area potential (in (Central Axis Latitude – Longitude And recommended for Name of the recommended recommended for metric tonne) Nearby Village Name) mineral River for mineral mineral (60% of total concession (in concession (in concession (in mineral square meter) km) meter) potential)*

22°49' 5.564" N, 87°54' 40.860" E M8 0.592 95 109930 37427.103 Near Village Bhunyera, Sub-division Arambag

22°48' 42.436" N, 87°54' 50.081" E M9 0.710 132 22060 78832.845 Near Village Bheuta, Sub-division Arambag

22°46' 47.589" N, 87°55' 42.296" E M10 Near Village Ghol Digrui, Sub-division 0.739 228 33290 4141.935 Arambag

22°46' 14.936" N, 87°55' 32.513" E M11 0.459 80 130800 7446.978 Near Village Udna, Sub-division Arambag

22°45' 43.811" N, 87°55' 21.931" E M12 1.914 804 198280 6574.365 Near Village Udna, Sub-division Arambag

22°42' 58.823" N, 87°54' 3.509" E M13 0.695 240 84700 18699.093 Near Village Sarda, Sub-division Arambag

22°39' 27.550" N, 87°52' 38.156" E M14 Near Village Routkhana, Sub-division 1.109 284 31070 3752.406 Arambag

Note: Density of Sand = 1.89 Ton/m3.

*Annual deposition may vary based on replenishment in subsequent years.

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Zone 1 – Pre Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits (Blocks: Arambag (SC) And Pursurah)

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Zone 2 – Pre Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits (Block: Pursurah)

Zone 3 – Pre Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits (Block: Pursurah)

Zone 4 – Pre Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits (Block: Arambag (SC) And Goghat (SC)) District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Zone 4 – Pre Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits

Zone 1 – Post Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits (Blocks: Arambag (SC) And Pursurah)

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Zone 2 – Post Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits (Block: Pursurah) District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Zone 3 – Post Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits (Block: Pursurah)

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Zone 4 – Post Monsoon Imagery Showing Sand Deposits (Block: Arambag (SC) And Goghat (SC))

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

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 Sediment Load Comparison Between Pre And Post Monsoon:

Sl. No. Potential Name of River Area Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon Deposit (sqm.) Mineral Mineral ID Potential Potential Metric Ton Metric Ton (60%) (60%) 1 D1 Dwarakeshwar 187310 31861.431 42481.908 2 D2 175930 29925.693 39900.924 3 D3 32880 5592.888 7457.184 4 D4 68880 11716.488 15621.984 5 D5 39290 6683.229 8910.972 6 D6 107590 18301.059 24401.412 7 H1 Hoogly 812370 138184.137 184245.516 8 H10 (Filler Earth) 46440 7899.444 10532.592 9 H11 73490 12500.649 16667.532 10 H2 104350 17749.935 23666.58 11 H3 291310 49551.831 66069.108 12 H4 4563500 776251.35 1035001.8 13 H5 402520 68468.652 91291.536 14 H6 1434610 244027.161 325369.548 15 H7 213170 36260.217 48346.956 16 H8 34490 5866.749 7822.332 17 H9 333070 56655.207 75540.276 18 M1 Mundeshwari 1736400 295361.64 393815.52 19 M10 33290 5662.629 7550.172 20 M11 130800 22249.08 29665.44 21 M12 198280 33727.428 44969.904 22 M13 84700 14407.47 19209.96 23 M14 31070 5285.007 7046.676 24 M2 599830 102031.083 136041.444 25 M3 220030 37427.103 49902.804 26 M4 463450 78832.845 105110.46 27 M5 24350 4141.935 5522.58 28 M6 43780 7446.978 9929.304 29 M7 38650 6574.365 8765.82 30 M8 109930 18699.093 24932.124 31 M9 22060 3752.406 5003.208

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 Photograph during field survey

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 121

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 122

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 Few Aerial Images of Airborne Survey Using UAV (Drone)

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 123

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 124

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 125

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Chapter - 13 MINERAL MAP OF THE DISTRICT

(Source: Geological Survey of India)

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 126

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Chapter - 14 DETAILS OF ECO-SENSITIVE AREA IN THE DISTRICT

There is no such Eco-Sensitive Area in the district.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Chapter - 15 IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT DUE TO MINING

 For Sand Mining:-

The environmental components that are likely to be influenced or modified by the continuation of mining activities are: Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydrology, Ecology & Bio- diversity, Socio-economic status etc. Major activities involve in the operation phase are -

 Excavation,  Loading of material on truck by excavator  Movement of vehicle on ‘kaccha’ road of villages

 Air Pollution

In mining activity the only source of air pollution is excavation, transportation, loading and handling of minerals etc. The proposed mining operations are not anticipated to raise the concentration of pollutants beyond prescribed limits. However, the measures are suggested to mitigate the negative impact of the proposed mining activity to control the pollutants by plantation of trees along haul roads, specially near settlements, to help to reduce the impact of dust on the nearby villages; planning transportation routes of mined material so as to reach the nearest paved roads by shortest route (minimize transportation over unpaved road); regular water sprinkling on unpaved roads to avoid dust generation during transportation etc.

Emission of PM10 The major sources of PM10 emission in case of sand mining project are the loading activity at mine site (loading of material over trucks / trucks by excavators) and the movement of vehicles on unpaved haul roads. Loading of Material The excavated materials will be loaded on dumpers using excavators. Emission of PM10 due to Transportation

The hauling of minerals from the mine lease area to the end users via haul road (unpaved road) will cause emission of particulate matters. This emission will be limited to the extent of unpaved haul road starting from mining pit to nearest paved road connectivity. Emission of CO from Vehicles The excavated minerals will be transported outside the mining area for end use. The ARAI emission factors for CO emitting from heavy vehicles (diesel) is 3.92 gm/km or 6.32 g/mile. Air Emissions

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

• Dust and air emission particularly due to the excavation, construction and movement of vehicles resulting in air pollution.

• No. of PCU/Hr will increase due to mining in existing traffic scenario lead to air pollution which can cause adverse effect on human health of neighboring villagers like effect on breathing and respiratory system, damage to lung tissue, cancer and premature death, influenza or asthma.

 Noise Pollution  Noise Impact due to mining activities.  Human Noise from the machinery can cause hypertension, high stress level, hearing loss, sleep disturbance etc. due to prolonged exposure.  Increase in the existing traffic due to this mining activity may occur unwanted sound and can also cause impact on human health of neighbouring villagers like effect on breathing and respiratory system, damage to lung tissue, cancer and premature death, influenza or asthma.

 Water Pollution • Flow pattern might be changed due to river bed mining. • Mining activities depth will be increased, which may result in increase of flow velocity. • Change in surface water quality and ground water quality. • Impact on ground water recharge potential as the thickness of the natural filter materials (sediments) is reduce causing less infiltration. • Waste water discharge.

 Soil Environment  Mining activity may increase the soil erosion and soil degradation which have adverse impact on soil fertility.  Top soil extraction from outside riverbed may also affect the soil fertility and productivity.  During the flood, the soil erosion may occur.

 Solid Waste Generation / Management • Flow pattern might be changed due to river bed mining. • Mining activities depth will be increased, which may result in increase of flow velocity. • Waste water discharge.

 Land Use • The mining activity in the outside riverbed will be converted into the pit, which may cause soil erosion, soil degradation etc.  Mining in the riverbed may change complete land use pattern including channel geometry, bed elevation, sediment transportation capacity which can reduce flow of the river and downstream erosion.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 Hydrology • The mining in the riverbed area may cause the ground water contamination due to intersection of the water table. • Change the topography will divert the river flow. • Change in topography can change the river flow and flood may occur. • Slope of mining area will change which can create soil erosion and divert rain water runoff channel.

 Topography, Drainage and Ground water Contamination • Spillage of oil from construction / transportation vehicles and equipment.

 Biological Environment • Transportation of sand in the trucks/dumper will disturb the movement of wild animals like jungle cat, jackal, and other reptiles. Fugitive emission from vehicle movement will form a layer in leaves thus reducing the gaseous exchange process. This ultimately affects the growth of plants. Chances of vehicle collisions with wildlife attempting to cross roads are possible. • Any human settlement in the mining area will disturb the vegetation cover and reptiles • Indiscriminate mining from active channels of rivers causes many adverse effects on the benthic fauna, which inhabits the bottom sandy substratum. Excessive sand extraction from rivers affects the eco-biology of many terrestrial insects whose initial life history begins in aquatic environments • Stomatal index may be minimized due to dust deposit on leaf.

 Socio-economic • Such shops along the roads will generate solid waste and waste water which will have adverse impact on human health. • Further, the deep pits created in the channel also can contribute to an increase in accidents in the working environment.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 For Mines Other Than Sand Mining:-

Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological materials of economic value from deposits on the Earth. Mining adversely affects the environment by inducing loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and contamination of surface water, groundwater, and soil. Mining can also trigger the formation of sinkholes. The leakage of chemicals from mining sites can also have detrimental effects on the health of the population living at or around the mining site.

 AIR POLLUTION

Air quality is adversely affected by mining operations. Unrefined materials are released when mineral deposits are exposed on the surface through mining. Wind erosion and nearby vehicular traffic cause such materials to become airborne. Lead, arsenic, cadmium, and other toxic elements are often present in such particles. The air borne particulate matter generated by mining of mineral (drilling & blasting), handling of minerals and transportation. The emissions of Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are from diesel operated excavation/loading equipment, Compressor, DG set and vehicles plying on haul roads. These pollutants can damage the health of people living near the mining site. Diseases of the respiratory system and allergies can be triggered by the inhalation of such airborne particles.

Sources of air pollution are as follows:

 Dust and gaseous emissions due to Drilling & Blasting, stockpiling, extraction and loading of stone by various mining activities.  Dust and gaseous emissions due to movement of transport vehicles  Gaseous emissions due to operation of Compressor, DG Set.

WATER POLLUTION

Mining also causes water pollution which includes metal contamination, increased sediment levels in streams, and acid mine drainage. Pollutants released from processing plants, tailing ponds, underground mines, waste-disposal areas, active or abandoned surface or haulage roads, etc., act as the top sources of water pollution. Sediments released through soil erosion cause siltation or the smothering of stream beds. It adversely impacts irrigation, swimming, fishing, domestic water supply, and other activities dependent on such water bodies. High concentrations of toxic chemicals in water bodies pose a survival threat to aquatic flora and fauna and terrestrial species dependent on them for food. The acidic water released from metal mines or coal mines also drains into surface water or seeps below ground to acidify groundwater. The loss of normal pH of water can have disastrous effects on life sustained by such water.

Sources of water pollution from the Mine shall be as follows:

 Domestic waste water from Office & Rest Room  Run-off from waste dump in rainy season

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Adequate control measures will be adopted to check not only the wash-off from soil erosion but also uncontrolled flow of mine water. NOISE POLLUTION

Mining operations involve deployment of mining machineries, drilling, blasting, excavation and transportation of stone. Noise may be generated by the impact from drill bits and mechanical vibration from drill casings, as well as impulse noise from exhaust and ancillary equipment such as fans and blowers for mine ventilation. LAND ENVIRONMENT The creation of landscape blots like open pits and piles of waste rocks due to mining operations can lead to the physical destruction of the land at the mining site. Such disruptions can contribute to the deterioration of the area's flora and fauna. There is also a huge possibility that many of the surface features that were present before mining activities cannot be replaced after the process has ended. The removal of soil layers and deep underground digging can destabilize the ground which threatens the future of roads and buildings in the area.

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 132

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MITIGATE THE Chapter - 16 IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT

 REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR SAND MINING :-  Air Environment During mining activity the only source of air pollution is excavation, transportation, loading and handling of minerals etc. However, the measures are suggested to mitigate the negative impact of the proposed mining activity to control the pollutants by plantation of trees along haul roads, specially near settlements, to help to reduce the impact of dust on the nearby villages; planning transportation routes of mined material so as to reach the nearest paved roads by shortest route (minimize transportation over unpaved road); regular water sprinkling on unpaved roads to avoid dust generation during transportation etc.

Impact Mitigation Measures

Air Emissions • Provision of spraying water to reduce dust emission on • Dust and air emission roads and particularly near existing settlements. particularly due to the excavation, construction • Excavated topsoil to be preserved and reused for and movement of landscaping. vehicles resulting in air pollution. • The amount of exposed ground and stockpiles will be minimized so that re-suspension due to wind and

subsequent dust fall is prevented. Heights of stock piles should control dust fall in nearby areas.

• Arrangement of the soil will be such that existing drainage pattern, though altered, will still ensure that runoff does not carry away topsoil but reaches the water bodies with which it is linked. Ensuring all vehicles, generators and compressors are well maintained and regularly serviced.

The following measures are suggested to mitigate any negative impacts of mining:

 Planned multiple transportation routes in different direction to minimize the dust generation.  Planned paved roads outside mine lease area to minimize the dust generation. Alternatively, planning transportation routes so as to reach the nearest paved roads by shortest route. (Minimize transportation over unpaved road).  Frequent water sprinkling on unpaved roads (>2L/m2).  Plantation of trees along haul roads, especially near settlements, to reduce the impact of dust on the nearby villages.  Dust mask shall be provided to the workers engaged at dust ge1neration points like excavations and loading points.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 Transportation of material shall be carried out during day time only.  The speed of trucks plying on the haul road should limited to 20 km/hour to avoid generation of dust.  Covering of material by tarpaulin during transportation on trucks to prevent spillage of materials from the trucks.  Overloading shall be avoided. Movement of Traffic-

Impact Mitigation Measures • No. of PCU/Hr will increase • Vehicles with PUC Certificate will be hired. Regular due to mining in existing traffic maintenance of vehicles will be done to ensure smooth scenario lead to air pollution running of vehicle. It is proposed to plant local species which can cause adverse effect trees per year with consultation of Forest department on human health of with some fruit bearing and medicinal trees, along the neighboring villagers like effect haul roads, outer periphery within the lease area to on breathing and respiratory prevent the impact of dust in the nearby village. system, damage to lung tissue, Regular Health checkup camps will be organized. cancer and premature death, influenza or asthma. • No. of PCU /Hr will increase • In addition, truck drivers will be instructed to make in the existing traffic due to minimum use of horns in the village area and sensitive this mining activity hence zones. It is proposed to plant local species trees per vehicle collation may occur year with consultation of Forest department with unwanted sound and can also some fruit bearing and medicinal trees, along the haul cause impact on human health. roads, outer periphery within the lease area to reduce the impact of noise in the study area. Regular Health checkup camps will be organized. • Accidents may be occurring • To avoid accidents the speed of vehicles will be low due to fast movement of near habitation areas. vehicles.

 Noise Pollution It can be stated that the impact on the present noise levels due to mining operations will be minimal and shall be restricted to transportation route only. There is no drilling and blasting envisaged in the sand mining so there is no impact of vibration.

Impact Mitigation Measures  Noise Impact due to mining  Noise generated be this equipment will be intermittent activities. and does not cause much adverse impact.  Human Noise from the  The noise measurement data indicated that present machinery can cause noise levels in the study area is within the permissible hypertension, high stress limits of National Ambient Noise Quality Standards. level, hearing loss, sleep  Periodical monitoring of noise will be done. disturbance etc. due to  No other equipment except the transportation vehicles prolonged exposure. and excavator for loading will be allowed.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Impact Mitigation Measures  Increase in the existing  Proper maintenance of all equipment / machines will traffic due to the mining be carried out which help in reducing noise during activity may occur operations. unwanted sound and can  In addition, truck drivers will be instructed to make also cause impact on minimum use of horns in the village area and sensitive human health of zones. neighboring villagers like  Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads effect on breathing and and vicinity of river bank. The plantation minimizes respiratory system, damage propagation of noise and also arrests dust. to lung tissue, cancer and  Ear muffs will be provided while working on mining premature death, influenza equipment. or asthma.  Regular health check-ups will be conducted for any such health implications

 Water Environment

Impact Mitigation Measures • Flow pattern might be changed • No diversion is anticipated. There will not be any due to river bed mining. adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology • Mining activities depth will be and ground water regime. increased, which may result in • Mining activities will be restricted to 1.5 m depth, increase of flow velocity. which will not cause much change in flow pattern of the river. • Change in surface water • The mining will not be allowed below the water table. quality and ground water • Regular monitoring of water samples will be done as quality. precautionary measures. • Impact on ground water • Mining will be done as per approved Mine Plan and recharge potential as the applicable Rules & Regulation, so that there is no thickness of the natural filter damage on ground water recharge potential due to materials (sediments) is reduce sand mining. causing less infiltration. • Waste water discharge. • Portable Bio-toilets will be used; hence no sewage / liquid effluent will be generated and contamination is also not expected due to percolation.

 Soil Environment

Impact Mitigation Measures • Mining activity may increase • It is already proposed to plant local species trees per the soil erosion and soil year with consultation of Forest department with some fruit bearing and medicinal trees, along the haul roads, outer periphery within the mining area which

Prepared As Per Ministry of Environment, Forest And Climate Change Notification S. O. 3611 (E), Dated 25th July 2018 135

District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Impact Mitigation Measures degradation which have enhances the binding property of the soil to check the adverse impact on soil fertility. erosion. • Water will be sprinkled on unpaved roads to avoid dust generation and soil erosion. • Top soil extraction from • In case of riverbed, no top soil will be generated outside riverbed may also during the mining activity. affect the soil fertility and productivity. • During the flood, the soil • Mine lease area has been proposed leaving a safety erosion may occur. distance from the bank inwards which will protect the banks. Check dams have been constructed at various places for protection of banks against direct attack of the rivers and avoid bank cutting.

 Solid Waste Generation / Management

Impact Mitigation Measures • Flow pattern might be changed • No diversion is proposed. There will not be any due to river bed mining. adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology • Mining activities depth will be and ground water regime. increased, which may result in • Mining activities will be restricted to 1.5 m depth, increase of flow velocity. which will not cause much change in flow pattern of the river. • Waste water discharge. • Portable Bio-toilets will be used; hence no sewage / liquid effluent will be generated and contamination is also not expected due to percolation.

 Land Use

Impact Mitigation Measures • The mining activity in the • It is proposed to plant of local species trees per year outside riverbed will be with consultation of Forest department with some converted into the pit. Which fruit bearing and medicinal trees, along the haul roads, may cause soil erosion, soil outer periphery within the mining area which degradation etc. enhances the binding property of the soil.

• Mining in the riverbed may • The mining is planned in non-monsoon seasons only change complete land use so that the excavated area will be replenished pattern including channel naturally during the subsequent rainy season for the geometry, bed elevation, river bed mining block. sediment transportation • Mine lease area has been proposed leaving a safety capacity which can reduce flow distance from the bank inwards which will protect the

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

of the river and downstream banks so channel geometry will not be disturbed. erosion. Check dams have been constructed at various places for protection of banks against direct attack of the rivers and avoid bank cutting. • Pre and post monsoon survey for sedimentation in the riverbed will be done regularly

 Hydrogeology

Impact Mitigation Measures • The mining in the riverbed area • The water table will not be intersected during may cause the ground water mining in the riverbed as ultimate depth is limited contamination due to intersection Proper analysis/Monitoring will be done to check of the water table. the ground and surface water • Change the topography will divert • There is no proposal of any stream the river flow. modification/diversion due to this mining activity hence there will be no any impact on flow of the river. • Change in topography can change • Mining will be prohibited in monsoon season. the river flow and flood may occur. • Slope of mining area will change • The maximum depth of mining in the river bed which can create soil erosion and will not exceed 3 meters and the maximum depth divert rain water runoff channel. of mining in outside riverbed will not exceed.

 Topography, Drainage and Ground water Contamination

Impact Mitigation Measures • Spillage of oil from construction / • Spillage of oil from construction vehicles and transportation vehicles and equipment will be avoided. These should be equipment. inspected by supervisor for any leakage of oil. • Collection of water in pits will be avoided. • Contamination of soil will be avoided by suitable soil conservation measures.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 Biological Environment

Impact Mitigation Measures • Transportation of sand in the • Transportation of sand will only be day time. trucks/dumper will disturb the Access roads will not encroach into the riparian movement of wild animals like zones. jungle cat, jackal, and other reptiles. Fugitive emission from vehicle movement will form a layer in leaves thus reducing the gaseous exchange process. This ultimately affects the growth of plants. Chances of vehicle collisions with wildlife attempting to cross roads are possible. • Any human settlement in the mining • No human settlement will be permitted in the area will disturb the vegetation cover lease mining or nearby area. No mining will be and reptiles carried out during the rainy season to minimize impact on aquatic life. • Indiscriminate mining from active • Mining will be done only in riverbed and outside channels of rivers causes many riverbed as per provided by DMG so there will adverse effects on the benthic fauna, be no impact on benthic fauna in riverbed hence which inhabits the bottom sandy no mitigation will be required. substratum. Excessive sand extraction from rivers affects the eco- biology of many terrestrial insects whose initial life history begins in aquatic environments • Stomatal index may be minimized • Water will be sprinkled on unpaved roads to due to dust deposit on leaf. avoid dust generation.

 Socio-economic

Impact Mitigation Measures • Due to mining and transportation of sand • Positive Impact will generate the small shops, dhabas, garage, restaurant, vegetable shops etc. along the road and generate direct employment. • Mining activity will generate direct • Positive Impact employment which will be employed locally and preference will be given to local people. • Such shops along the roads will generate • Garbage bins will be provided for proper solid waste and waste water which will have disposal of solid waste. adverse impact on human health.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Impact Mitigation Measures • Further, the deep pits created in the channel • The mined-out area outside river bed also can contribute to an increase in block will be reclaimed and any stored accidents in the working environment. water will be pumped out. • This creates serious threat to residents in the • The mining is planned in non-monsoon area who depend on river water for their seasons only so that the excavated area domestic purposes. will be replenished naturally during the subsequent rainy season for the river bed mining block. • The major source of socio-health impacts of • It is proposed to plant of local species per transportation will generate from truck, dust year with consultation of Forest etc. Increase in accidents as a result of rash department with some fruit bearing and driving of dumpers carrying mineral medicinal trees, along the haul roads, through the roads may be possible. outer periphery within the mining area to control the dust. • Planning transportation routes of mined material so as to reach the nearest paved roads by shortest route. (minimize transportation over unpaved road). Alternatively, graveled road may be constructed between mine lease area and nearest paved road connectivity; The speed of trucks plying on the haul road should limited to avoid generation of dust; and Covering of material during transportation on trucks to prevent spillage of sand from the trucks. The trucks will be covered by tarpaulin. Overloading will be avoided.

• Regular water sprinkling on unpaved roads to avoid dust generation during transportation.

 REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR MINES OTHER THAN SAND MINING:- Remedial Measures for Air Pollution

Dust generation during drilling of shot holes, haul road, smoke from vehicles shall be controlled by following practices:  Dust extractor or wet drilling will be followed to control dust at source of emission during drilling.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

 Sharp drill bits will be used for drilling and regrinding will be done periodically to reduce the dust generation.  Controlled blasting to reduce dust emission and reduction in NOx emission  All machineries and transport vehicles will be properly maintained and pollution check will be done once in a year to keep the emissions from machineries and vehicle under control.  Water sprinkling will be done on haul road to control emission of dust while transporting minerals and waste. Provision for water spray by tankers on ‘kaccha’ road shall be done.  Water sprinkling at loading area.  Tree plantation along the haul roads & approach road will be done. Plantation along the mine boundary shall be done with tree density of 2000 trees per Hectare as per the norms of MoEF&CC, to control dust & noise.  Use of personal protective equipment like dust mask.  Ambient air pollution monitoring will be carried out Remedial Measures for Water Pollution

 Mining is proposed to plan above the ground water table. Therefore, pumping of ground water from mine pit does not arise in this mine. The rain water during rainy season is proposed to settle in a pit and shall be use for dust suppression and plantation. Excess water, if any shall be discharged in natural stream after settling of suspended particles in the pit. Pump having required capacity will be installed to lift accumulated rain water from working pit and pumped to the settling tank.  Garland drain shall be made around the Waste dump and the rain water shall be collected in garland drain and allowed to settle in a small pit for settling suspended particles before allowing discharge to natural drainage system.  For domestic waste water Septic Tank with Soak Pit shall be provided, discharge from Soak Pit, if any shall be used for plantation Remedial Measures for Noise Pollution

 Generation of noise during blasting shall be controlled by delay blasting and use of adequate charge per blast.  Diesel powered machineries, which is major source of noise in open cast mining shall be properly maintained. Attention shall be paid towards rigorous maintenance of the silencer of the diesel engines.  Protective devices shall be provided for use of persons employed in the vicinity of high noise areas.  With the adoption of controlled blasting techniques, the ground vibrations will be minimized.  Plantation around the lease boundary will cut the noise levels.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Remedial Measures for Land Environment Some of the measures followed to minimize the impacts are as follows:

 The mining activities will be restricted within the lease area only.  The waste material will be utilized for the construction of road and also will be used by the local people for construction work.  The surface run off from the lease area will be retain within the lease and used for plantation, dust suppression and block cutting. So, there will be no soil erosion from the lease area and its surrounding due to mining activity.  The dump will have inward slope with catch drains at inward side of the terrace and the catch drain of the individual terrace will be connected to the garland drain outside the periphery of the dump. Retaining wall and garland drain will be constructed around the dumps and the surface runoff water pass through the garland drain and finally settled in a settling pit before released outside.  Retaining wall and garland drains for the proposed waste dump will be constructed to arrest wash offs from the dump.  Maintenance/ repair of vehicles and machineries will not be inside the mining area. However, steel trays will be used for any emergency repair and sudden leakage of oil. Remedial Measures for Waste Management The solid waste shall be dumped systematically with proper repose angle and stabilization as follows:  Gradation of dump shall be done automatically as coarser materials go to the bottom and finer at the top and therefore drain of rain water flow freely to the bottom without endangering the stability of dump.  Stabilization of dump with top soil and tree plantation shall make the dump more stable on long. Dump should be terraced for every 5 m height and stabilized  1m height parapet shall be constructed for dumps more than 6m height along the toe to prevent and control wash out from dumps entering into natural system through rain water  Garland drainage around dump shall prevent under wash of dump by hydrostatic pressure to be developed by surface water and control wash outs and collapse. Remedial Measures for Flora and Fauna Extensive plantation comprising of pollutant resistant trees will be undertaken, which will serve not only as pollution sink but also as a noise barrier. It is proposed to include Azadirachta indica, and Ficus religiosa in the plantation program as they serve as sinks for gaseous emissions.

The impact on the fauna of the buffer zone due to the mining activity will be insignificant. The proposed progressive plantation over a period of time will reduce the impact, if any, on the fauna.

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District

Chapter - 17 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SAND MINING

Since the Sand Mining Operation does not attract Mine Act 1952, it does not require any statutory personals, however the entire operation must be under the supervision of experience qualified person who can handle the labour employment effectively. The person must have knowledge of transportation activities with traffic rule & safety. It is always advisable to appoint such person who can understand the language of Mine plan & implement the same.

1. As such in case of sand mining activities does not have any short of risk in operational activity except prior to start the monsoon period all the manpower & equipment’s to be withdrawn to safe location.

2. In case of temporary discontinuation of operation due to natural calamity or labour strike & Risk management plan to be developed based in the local condition. ACCIDENTS DUE TO TRANSPORTATION AND MOVEMENT OF MINING MACHINERIES Risk Most of the accidents occur during transportation by tippers/ trucks and movement of Mining machineries. Mitigation Measures

 This can be prevented by regular training of all vehicle/machinery drivers/operators, regular maintenance of equipment and ensuring safe operations.  All safety precautions and provision of MMR 1961 shall be strictly followed during all mining operations.  Regular maintenance and testing of all mining equipment as per manufacturer's guidelines.  All transportation within the main working area should be carried out under the direct supervision and control of the management;  The vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least once a week by a competent person authorized for this purpose by the management;  Broad signs should be provided at each and every turning point specially for the guidance of the drivers of vehicles.  To avoid dangers while reversing the trackless vehicles, especially at the embankment and tripping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should, as far as possible, be made

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man free, and there should be a light and sound device to indicate reversing of trucks; and  A statutory provision of the fence, constant education, training etc. will go a long way in reducing the incidence of such accidents.

RISK ASSESSMENT

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT (HIRA) The entire mining operation will be done under the supervision of the Mines Engineer/Mines manager having second class mines manager's certificate of competency and supported by a team of competent persons. Nevertheless, the following natural/industrial problems may by encountered during the mining operation:

 Accident due to Fly-rock generation  Slope failure at Mine faces  Accident due to sliding of Over Burden dumps  Accident due to Transportation or movement of heavy machineries  Operation of mining equipment  Accident due to storage of Fuel  Filling of Mine due to excessive rain RISK AND MITIGATION MEASURES OVER BURDEN Risk The overburden dumps may cause landslides. High overburden dumps created at the quarry edge may cause sliding of the overburden dump or may cause failure of the pit slope due to excessive loading, thereby causing loss of life and property. Siltation of surface water may also cause run-off from overburden dumps. Mitigation Measures  To prevent the failure of overburden slopes, especially during the rainy season, proper garland drain & bund are constructed around the dump.

 To prevent this, height of overburden dumps will be restricted. Further, no stone or loose rock or loose tree will be allowed to remain within 3 meters of the edge of the quarry. To prevent siltation of surface water, retaining wall will be constructed on the down side of each OB dump.

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ACCIDENTS DUE TO TRANSPORTATION AND MOVEMENT OF MINING MACHINERIES Risk Most of the accidents occur during transportation by tippers/ trucks and movement of Mining machineries.

 Operations of jackhammers are often attributable to mechanical failures and human errors. Mitigation Measures

 This can be prevented by regular training of all vehicle/machinery drivers/operators, regular maintenance of equipment and ensuring safe operations.  All safety precautions and provision of MMR 1961 shall be strictly followed during all mining operations.  Regular maintenance and testing of all mining equipment as per manufacturer's guidelines.  All transportation within the main working area should be carried out under the direct supervision and control of the management;  The vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least once a week by a competent person authorized for this purpose by the management;  Broad signs should be provided at each and every turning point specially for the guidance of the drivers of vehicles.  To avoid dangers while reversing the trackless vehicles, especially at the embankment and tripping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should, as far as possible, be made man free, and there should be a light and sound device to indicate reversing of trucks; and  A statutory provision of the fence, constant education, training etc. will go a long way in reducing the incidence of such accidents. FUEL STORAGE

 No major storage of fuel envisaged in the mining lease area WATER LOGGING Risk

Filling of mine pit with excessive rain Mitigation Measures

 Provision of adequate capacity pumps for pumping out water from the mining pit with standby arrangements.  Checking and regular maintenance of garland drainage and earthen bunds to avoid any inflow of surface water into the mine pit.

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 Proper drainage will be maintained to eliminate inundation of working pits during rains from run-off water. Suitable garland drain will be provided around pit along with sedimentation pits on each side.  There is no danger of flood or inundation as the ground level is well below the plateau top, where mining will be carried out. SAFETY MEASURES AT THE PROPOSED MINE

 The opencast mines have been planned for working with shovel tipper system which requires proper benching not only for slope stability but also for movement of tippers and other heavy machinery. The inclination of the quarry sides at the final stage i.e. at the dip most point will not exceed 400 to the horizontal. (This angle is measured between the line joining the toe of the bottom most bench to the crest of the top most bench and the horizontal line);  The gradient of the haul road inside the pit, access trench and on the dumps will not be steeper than 1 in 16  The slope of the sides of the OB dump to the horizontal will not exceed 300, and the height of the OB dumps has been restricted to a max of 3 m;  The quarries will be protected by garland drains around the periphery for storm water drainage;  A minimum safe distance of 100-m will be kept between the surface edge of the quarry and the nearest public building, roads etc. When the surface edge of the quarry approaches within a limit of 300 m from any road, public building special permission from DGMS will be taken to conduct controlled blasting to prevent damage/injury to public life and property;  All mining operations both within the quarry and outside will be conducted as per the conditions laid down by DGMS and under the strict supervision of competent persons appointed under Metalliferous Mines Regulations, 1961.

CARE AND MAINTENANCE DURING TEMPORARY DISCONTINUANCE: In case of emergency arise as situation of temporary discontinuance due to court order or due to statutory requirements or any other unforeseen circumstances pit will be fenced and locked properly so as no one can enter in pit. All plantation will be protected with all due care for their survival. Maintenance and monitoring of discontinued mining operations i.e. maintenance of haul roads, will be done in view of re-open in near future.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN  Vulnerability of the State

West Bengal has been no exception as far as sufferings inflicted by natural and man-made hazards are concerned. The state has been frequented by cyclones, floods, droughts, landslides, subsidence and occasional earthquakes. Progressive trends of any region are

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District controlled to a large ex- tent by the requirements of the inhabitants, agriculture, industries, transportation, communication, education and culture, which generally form the vulnerability attributes. Because of the high population density and concentration of industrial and agricultural activities across West Bengal, risk or vulnerability to natural or man-made disasters is particularly high. With increasing developmental activities in high- hazard zones, e.g. the coastal regions, the vulnerability scenario appears to be worsening with time.

 The Regional Perspectives

The prevailing hazards are seen interlinked to each other in many cases. Nevertheless, individualistic hazard scenario is reviewed in the regional context to understand the needs and priority distribution.

 Floods

Approximately 55.8% of the region is susceptible to floods. Furthermore, complicacy is implicated by the origination of major flood-producing rivers beyond the state jurisdictional limits.

An outline of flood management

A monograph on flood management prepared on the basis of hands-on experience of the State Government officials recommends a standard operating procedure. Three phases of actions are specified: pre-flood, during flood and post-flood. The pre-flood phase activities consist of preparatory measures, which involve vulnerability assessment, personnel and organizational database development, viable emergency action plan such as deployment of early warning system, training of personnel for rescue and evacuation, verification and updating of existing search, rescue and evacuation plans, and inventories of essential commodities and relief materials. A district disaster management committee is expected to be coordinated before the onset of the monsoon season to ensure adequate preparedness. Participation of various government and non-governmental organizations is anticipated in knowledge and expertise sharing. Strategic planning focuses on hazard elements and formulates actions such as construction, restoration or improvement of drainage channels, and removal of human encroachment along the riverbanks. On the very onset of the hazard, the highest priority is on ‘search, rescue and evacuation’, in addition to ‘organization of relief facilities’. Quick and correct dam- age assessment would enable speedy restoration and re- habilitation in terms of physical, economic and social aspects. The disaster related information should be well documented to enable future management plans. The overall impetus at the national and global level is on preparedness and mitigation 7, 8. Several recent com- missions have been formed at the national level, such as National Water Policy, 1987; National Commission for Integrated Water Resource Development Plan, 1996 and Regional Task Forces, 1996, and the ensuing recommendations adopted. However, effectiveness of recommendations seems to be lacking in several cases. The National Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development, 1999, recommended management approach rather than control, emphasizing failure to render complete protection. The strategies include flood-plain zoning, flood proofing, forecasting, disaster preparedness, response planning and insurance, etc. In respect of flood-plain zoning, the National Commission on Floods–1980 proposed a legislation to classify flood-prone zones according to occurrence and intensity. However, in West Bengal, the problem is rather vexing due to high population density and large flood-prone areas. While it is imperative to pre- vent

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District encroachment of river beds, it is not feasible to relocate structures and developmental activities from all the hazard-prone areas. In recent times, flood forecasting is advancing with utilization of satellite and remote-sensing techniques. If the approaching flood can be predicted/ observed, evacuation through monitoring and warning is possible.

 Cyclones And Storm Surges West Bengal has been one of the most cyclone-affected territories of the country. Perspectives on cyclone management The Cyclone Distress Mitigation Committee was launched nationwide during 1969 for the coastal states, with a major objective to formulate a communication system for quick dissemination of meteorological warnings and prevention measures thereof. The World Meteorological Organization established in 1972, introduced a Tropical Cyclone Project to assist member countries in increasing their capabilities to forecast tropical cyclones, and in developing strategies for disaster prevention and preparedness. At the state level, the Relief Department has developed a disaster-management system, outlining sustainable development with disaster mitigation at state and district levels13. This involved delineation of planning areas for departmental activities, including those at the village level within two frameworks – prevention and crisis management. The approach embodies integrated coastal environmental planning combined with cyclone mitigation strategies to reduce susceptibility. The strategies include development of accurate and prompt cyclone-warning systems, design and construction of robust structures (‘cyclone proofing’ through incorporation of storage and sleeping areas high-off the ground and use of water- resistant materials), implementation of hazard-reduction methods such as construction and strengthening of sea embankment, drains, shelterbelts, conservation and promotion of natural windbreakers (mangrove), reliable communication system, mass awareness on preparedness and mitigation, and community preparedness at all levels to meet the exigencies. Further, landuse planning is suggested to reduce the risk. Timely relay of information is of utmost importance. In this respect, a cyclone dissemination sys- tem has been set up by India Meteorological Department at Kolkata. Special addresses are given to cyclone fore- cast and warning services, rapid dissemination of warnings to the government agencies, ports, fisheries, shipping, the general public, and organizations to construct cyclone shelters in cyclone-prone areas and ready machinery for evacuation of people, and involvement of the local community. The Meteorological Department has been equipped with cyclone surveillance radars, and satellite picture-receiving equipment. Further, Indian geo-stationary satellite INSAT- 1B (operative since 1983) has enhanced tracking and fore- casting through continuous monitoring. The operations are carried out through Area Cyclone Warning Centres and Cyclone Warning Centres. The present scientific knowledge and tools enable predictions with an average error of about 200 km for a 24 h forecast. Formulation of contingency plans must be done at all levels – community, government and civil society. Fore- casting and early warning systems involve coordination by a steering committee for continual appraisal and improvement in the analyses of different forecasting methods, facilitating resources sharing and collaborations, training of personnel, and capacity enhancement. The working plan for an integrated coastal zone and flood control developed for the state addresses natural windbreak development and preservation, assessment of impacts and risks, com- munity participation, education and awareness, and village-level planning. Technical aspects include a multi- disciplinary approach towards environmental and social concerns, water-flow management, relocation/resettlement if needed, and designing break waves and sea walls. Preparedness implies mitigation and prevention rather

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District Survey Report of Minor Mineral of Hoogly District than just response. Therefore, the need to link disaster management with development plans.

 Landslides

The landslide hazard in West Bengal has been observed mostly in the hilly terrains of District. However, incidents of landslide have also been reported to have occurred on the banks of . In 1968, floods in the Darjeeling area destroyed vast areas of West Bengal and neighbouring state of by unleashing about 20,000 landslides and killing thousands of people16. These landslides occurred over a three-day period, with precipitation ranging from 500 to 1000 mm in an event of a 100-yr return period. The 60 km hilly highway from to Darjeeling was cut off at 92 locations by land- slides, resulting in total disruption of the road transporta- tion system. Urbanization, especially in the hilly terrains, involving construction activities often causes perturbations in the hill slopes triggering landslides. Prior identification of the hazard potential is therefore necessary. Major tools em- ployed for hazard delineation include remote sensing and GIS techniques. Various thematic layers describing the geological characteristics, water conditions, material prop- erties, topographical inclinations, seismic activities, pre- diction of soil behaviour under load, etc. are considered for the thematic integration to achieve hazard zonation.

 Earthquakes

West Bengal experiences earthquakes at a relatively lower frequency of the seismic hazard zonation map. The Bureau of Indian Standards places the region in the seismic zones II–IV, corresponding to peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.25 (1 g = 980 Gal) respectively 2, 19. The lowest perceived hazard, zone II, is in the southwestern part of West Bengal (Purulia), while zone IV covers the north and southeast of Kolkata. Zone V is delineated on the eastern parts of and Coochbehar. The districts of Kolkata, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Bardhaman, Hooghly, Howrah, Nadia, Bankura and East and West Midnapur come under zone III. Darjeeling, North and South Dina-jpur, the remaining parts of Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar, North and South 24-Parganas and Malda fall under zone IV. Similarly, the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Programme classifies the seismic hazard variation in terms of PGA from low (0.2 m/s2) in the southwest to high (6.0 m/s2 and above) in the north, with 10% probability of non-exceedance in 50 years20. The earthquakes mostly occur either in the Himalayan ranges in the north or in Northeast India, and a few also occur in the Bengal Basin/ Fan areas. The Great earthquake of 1897 is reported to have caused widespread damage in Kolkata. The largest instrument-recorded earthquake occurred on 15 April 1964, West of (mb 5.2), which caused damages in West Bengal and Orissa. The region has considerable area close to river basins and deltas that are characterized by Holocene alluvium deposits, which are likely to soften and hence are susceptible to liquefaction during an earthquake. Considerable spatial variation is associated with seismic hazards owing to the variation of geological-dependent site response. This necessitates local specific analysis, especially in urban areas where the implications are far higher. The utility of seismic microzonation is emphasized in such cases. Seismic microzonation combines geological, geotechnical, seismological and earthquake engineering approaches towards spatial hazard classification. The zonation enables decision-making process towards planning and organization of landuse, response and mitigation. The site-specific design parameters obtained through microzonation would enable cost-effective structural designs.

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Earthquake Hazard Map of West Bengal (Source: Ministry of Earth Sciences)

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 Tsunamis

Although hazards due to trans-oceanic tsunamis have not been quantified for the coastal areas of West Bengal, be- cause of the presence of mangroves and shallow continental shelf (unlithified fan deposits at the mouth of the Meghna– Ganges estuary) extending to several hundred kilometres, tsunamis are unlikely to pose a significant hazard. As such, there is no report of damage in the territory due to the catastrophic tsunami earthquake of 26 December 2004. However, any future offshore developments off the coast may be affected by tsunamis

 Subsidence

Subsidence hazard has been exhibited in underground coal mining areas of the state, such as and . A fundamental preventive approach towards avoidance of adverse impacts of the hazard is reliable prediction23 and the ensuing geotechnical considerations. The techniques involve tomography–sub-surface mapping, subsidence profiles and behaviour model, e.g. viscoelastic model.

 Conclusion

The predominant natural hazards in the West Bengal territory are investigated through historical accounts and prevailing mitigation aspects. A preliminary integrated perspective on the prevailing hazards has been qualitatively estimated as a first-order composite vulnerability distribution across the state. Consequently, a holistic outlook of disaster management as envisaged is emphasized to incorporate (a) collaborations of different organizations, local participation, (c) inputs from scientific and research institutions, (d) awareness and promotion, and (e) delivering appropriate regulations and policies. Addressing multiple hazards, such as usage of multi-hazard maps, synergized methodologies, etc. is recommended to be more pragmatic.

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References  District Census Handbook, 2011, Hooghly, Directorate of Census Operation, West Bengal  Human development Report, 2009, Hooghly , Development & Planning Department, Govt. of West Bengal  Annual Flood Report For The Year 2017, Irrigation & Waterways Directorate, Govt. of West Bengal  Agriculture Contingency Plan for District Hooghly, West Bengal  State Water Investigation Directorate  Office of The District Land And Land Reforms Officer - Hooghly  Divisional Forest Office - Hooghly  National Institute of Disaster Management Report  Report of Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources  http://hooghly.gov.in/  Maps from Geological Survey of India  Survey of India Topo Sheets  Hooghly District Brick Field Owners’ Association  Water quality of the Ganga River – An overview, R. C. Trivedi, November 2010, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 13(4):347-351, DOI: 10.1080/14634988.2010.528740

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