Viruses an Open Access Journal by MDPI
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Key Factors That Enable the Pandemic Potential of RNA Viruses and Inter-Species Transmission: a Systematic Review
viruses Review Key Factors That Enable the Pandemic Potential of RNA Viruses and Inter-Species Transmission: A Systematic Review Santiago Alvarez-Munoz , Nicolas Upegui-Porras , Arlen P. Gomez and Gloria Ramirez-Nieto * Microbiology and Epidemiology Research Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; [email protected] (S.A.-M.); [email protected] (N.U.-P.); [email protected] (A.P.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +57-1-3-16-56-93 Abstract: Viruses play a primary role as etiological agents of pandemics worldwide. Although there has been progress in identifying the molecular features of both viruses and hosts, the extent of the impact these and other factors have that contribute to interspecies transmission and their relationship with the emergence of diseases are poorly understood. The objective of this review was to analyze the factors related to the characteristics inherent to RNA viruses accountable for pandemics in the last 20 years which facilitate infection, promote interspecies jump, and assist in the generation of zoonotic infections with pandemic potential. The search resulted in 48 research articles that met the inclusion criteria. Changes adopted by RNA viruses are influenced by environmental and host-related factors, which define their ability to adapt. Population density, host distribution, migration patterns, and the loss of natural habitats, among others, have been associated as factors in the virus–host interaction. This review also included a critical analysis of the Latin American context, considering its diverse and unique social, cultural, and biodiversity characteristics. The scarcity of scientific information is Citation: Alvarez-Munoz, S.; striking, thus, a call to local institutions and governments to invest more resources and efforts to the Upegui-Porras, N.; Gomez, A.P.; study of these factors in the region is key. -
Virus Goes Viral: an Educational Kit for Virology Classes
Souza et al. Virology Journal (2020) 17:13 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-1291-9 RESEARCH Open Access Virus goes viral: an educational kit for virology classes Gabriel Augusto Pires de Souza1†, Victória Fulgêncio Queiroz1†, Maurício Teixeira Lima1†, Erik Vinicius de Sousa Reis1, Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho2 and Jônatas Santos Abrahão1* Abstract Background: Viruses are the most numerous entities on Earth and have also been central to many episodes in the history of humankind. As the study of viruses progresses further and further, there are several limitations in transferring this knowledge to undergraduate and high school students. This deficiency is due to the difficulty in designing hands-on lessons that allow students to better absorb content, given limited financial resources and facilities, as well as the difficulty of exploiting viral particles, due to their small dimensions. The development of tools for teaching virology is important to encourage educators to expand on the covered topics and connect them to recent findings. Discoveries, such as giant DNA viruses, have provided an opportunity to explore aspects of viral particles in ways never seen before. Coupling these novel findings with techniques already explored by classical virology, including visualization of cytopathic effects on permissive cells, may represent a new way for teaching virology. This work aimed to develop a slide microscope kit that explores giant virus particles and some aspects of animal virus interaction with cell lines, with the goal of providing an innovative approach to virology teaching. Methods: Slides were produced by staining, with crystal violet, purified giant viruses and BSC-40 and Vero cells infected with viruses of the genera Orthopoxvirus, Flavivirus, and Alphavirus. -
View Policy Viral Infectivity
Virology Journal BioMed Central Editorial Open Access Virology on the Internet: the time is right for a new journal Robert F Garry* Address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana USA Email: Robert F Garry* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 26 August 2004 Received: 31 July 2004 Accepted: 26 August 2004 Virology Journal 2004, 1:1 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-1-1 This article is available from: http://www.virologyj.com/content/1/1/1 © 2004 Garry; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Virology Journal is an exclusively on-line, Open Access journal devoted to the presentation of high- quality original research concerning human, animal, plant, insect bacterial, and fungal viruses. Virology Journal will establish a strategic alternative to the traditional virology communication process. The outbreaks of SARS coronavirus and West Nile virus Open Access (WNV), and the troubling increase of poliovirus infec- Virology Journal's Open Access policy changes the way in tions in Africa, are but a few recent examples of the unpre- which articles in virology can be published [1]. First, all dictable and ever-changing topography of the field of articles are freely and universally accessible online as soon virology. Previously unknown viruses, such as the SARS as they are published, so an author's work can be read by coronavirus, may emerge at anytime, anywhere in the anyone at no cost. -
Viral Gene Therapy Lecture 25 Biology 3310/4310 Virology Spring 2017
Viral gene therapy Lecture 25 Biology 3310/4310 Virology Spring 2017 “Trust science, not scientists” --DICKSON DESPOMMIER Virus vectors • Gene therapy: deliver a gene to patients who lack the gene or carry defective versions • To deliver antigens (viral vaccines) • Viral oncotherapy • Research uses Virology Lectures 2017 • Prof. Vincent Racaniello • Columbia University A Poliovirus C (+) mRNA I AnAOH3’ Infection Cultured cells (+) Viral RNA Vaccinia virus T7 Viral DNA 5' Transfection 3' encoding T7 Plasmids expressing N, P, L, RNA polymerase and (+) strand RNA cDNA synthesis and cloning Infection Transfection Transfection Transfection Poliovirus 5' Progeny DNA 3' In vitro RNA (+) strand RNA synthesis transcript Virology Lectures 2017 • Prof. Vincent Racaniello • Columbia University ©Principles of Virology, ASM Press B Viral protein PB1 Infectious virus Translation D (+) mRNA c AnAOH3’ (+) mRNA I AnAOH3’ RNA polymerase II (splicing) Plasmid Plasmid Pol II Viral DNA Pol I T7 Viral DNA RNA polymerase I (–) vRNAs 8-plasmid 10-plasmid transfection transfection Infectious virus Infectious virus ScEYEnce Studios Principles of Virology, 4e Volume 01 Fig. 03.12 10-28-14 Adenovirus vectors Virology Lectures 2017 • Prof. Vincent Racaniello • Columbia University ©Principles of Virology, ASM Press Adenovirus vectors • Efficiently infect post-mitotic cells • Fast (48 h) onset of gene expression • Episomal, minimal risk of insertion mutagenesis • Up to 37 kb capacity • Pure, concentrated preps routine • >50 human serotypes, animal serotypes • Drawback: immunity Virology Lectures 2017 • Prof. Vincent Racaniello • Columbia University Adenovirus vectors • First generation vectors: E1, E3 deleted • E1: encodes T antigens (Rb, p53) • E3: not essential, immunomodulatory proteins Virology Lectures 2017 • Prof. Vincent Racaniello • Columbia University http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13826/ Adenovirus vectors • Second generation vectors: E1, E3 deleted, plus deletions in E2 or E4 • More space for transgene Virology Lectures 2017 • Prof. -
Archives of Virology
Archives of Virology Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a long view --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: ARVI-D-20-00436R2 Full Title: Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a long view Article Type: Virology Division News: Virus Taxonomy/Nomenclature Keywords: virus taxonomy; species definition; virus definition; virions; metagenomes; Latinized binomials Corresponding Author: Adrian John Gibbs, Ph.D. ex-Australian National University Canberra, ACT AUSTRALIA Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: ex-Australian National University Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Adrian John Gibbs, Ph.D. First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Adrian John Gibbs, Ph.D. Order of Authors Secondary Information: Funding Information: Abstract: On several occasions over the past century it has been proposed that Latinized (Linnaean) binomial names (LBs) should be used for the formal names of virus species, and the opinions expressed in the early debates are still valid. The use of LBs would be sensible for the current Taxonomy if confined to the names of the specific and generic taxa of viruses of which some basic biological properties are known (e.g. ecology, hosts and virions); there is no advantage filling the literature with formal names for partly described viruses or virus-like gene sequences. The ICTV should support the time-honoured convention that LBs are only used with biological (phylogenetic) classifications. Recent changes have left the ICTV Taxonomy and -
View of "Bird Flu: a Virus of Our Own Hatching" by Michael Greger Chengfeng Qin* and Ede Qin
Virology Journal BioMed Central Book report Open Access Review of "Bird Flu: A Virus of Our Own Hatching" by Michael Greger Chengfeng Qin* and Ede Qin Address: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China Email: Chengfeng Qin* - [email protected]; Ede Qin - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 30 April 2007 Received: 2 February 2007 Accepted: 30 April 2007 Virology Journal 2007, 4:38 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-4-38 This article is available from: http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/38 © 2007 Qin and Qin; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Book details behavior can cause new plagues, changes in human Michael Greger: Bird Flu: A Virus of Our Own Hatching USA: behavior may prevent them in the future". Lantern Books; 2006:465. ISBN 1590560981 Review Yes, we can change. In the last sections of the book, Greger Due to my responsibility as member of advisory commit- carefully details how to protect ourselves in the very likely tee on pandemic influenza, I regard any new publication event that a bird flu pandemic begins to sweep the world on bird flu with special enthusiasm. A book that recently and how to prevent future pandemics. Dr. Greger's simple caught my eye was one by Michael Greger titled Bird Flu: and practical suggestions are invaluable for both nation A Virus of Our Own Hatching. -
Virology Journal Biomed Central
Virology Journal BioMed Central Short report Open Access Genomic presence of recombinant porcine endogenous retrovirus in transmitting miniature swine Stanley I Martin, Robert Wilkinson and Jay A Fishman* Address: Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Email: Stanley I Martin - [email protected]; Robert Wilkinson - [email protected]; Jay A Fishman* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 02 November 2006 Received: 22 June 2006 Accepted: 02 November 2006 Virology Journal 2006, 3:91 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-3-91 This article is available from: http://www.virologyj.com/content/3/1/91 © 2006 Martin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The replication of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in human cell lines suggests a potential infectious risk in xenotransplantation. PERV isolated from human cells following cocultivation with porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a recombinant of PERV-A and PERV-C. We describe two different recombinant PERV-AC sequences in the cellular DNA of some transmitting miniature swine. This is the first evidence of PERV-AC recombinant virus in porcine genomic DNA that may have resulted from autoinfection following exogenous viral recombination. Infectious risk in xenotransplantation will be defined by the activity of PERV loci in vivo. Background been detected previously in the genomes of transmitting Xenotransplantation using inbred miniature swine is a swine [5,10]. -
1.Department of Virology Ⅰ
1.Department of Virology Ⅰ 8) Watanabe S, Ueda N, Iha K, Joseph SM,Fujii H, Phillip A,Mizutani T, Maeda K,Yamane D,Azab W, 1) Tobiume M, Sato Y, Katano H, Nakajima N, Tanaka K, Kato K, Kyuwa S,Tohya Y,Yoshikawa Y, Akashi H. Noguchi A, Inoue S, Hasegawa H, Iwasa, Y., Tanaka J, Detection of a new bat gammaherpesvirus in the Philippines. Hayashi H, Yoshida S, Kurane I, Sata T. Rabies virus Virus Genes 39:90-93, 2009. dissemination in neural tissues of autopsy cases due to rabies imported into Japan from the Philippines: 9) Sunohara M,Morikawa S,Murata H,Fuse A,Sato I. immunohistochemistry. Pathology International 59:555-566, Modulation mechanism of c-Mpl promoter activity in 2009. megakaryoblastic cells. Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 86:89-91, 2009. 2) Sah OP, Subedi S, Morita K, Inoue S, Kurane I, Pandey BD. Serological study of dengue virus infection in Terai 10) Iizuka I, Saijo M, Shiota T, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, region, Nepal. Nepal Medical College Journal 11:104-106, Nagata N, Hasegawa H, Sakai K, Fukushi S, Mizutani 2009. T, Ogata M, Nakauchi M, Kurane I, Mizuguchi M, Morikawa S. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based 3) Kurane I. BSL4 facilities in anti-infectious disease diagnostic assay for monkeypox virus infections. Journal of measures. Journal of Disaster Research 4:352-355, 2009. Medical Virology 81:1102-1108, 2009. 4) Kurane I: The emerging and forecasted effect of climate 11) Yamao T, Eshita Y, Kihara Y, Satho T, Kuroda M, change on human health. Journal of Health Science Sekizuka T, Nishimura M, Sakai K, Watanabe S, Akashi 55:865-869, 2009. -
Comparing Journal Impact Factor and H-Type Indices in Virology Journals
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln 2012 Comparing Journal Impact Factor and H-type Indices in Virology Journals Zao Liu [email protected] Gary (Gang) Wan [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Liu, Zao and Wan, Gary (Gang), "Comparing Journal Impact Factor and H-type Indices in Virology Journals" (2012). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 891. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/891 Comparing Journal Impact Factor and H-type Indices in Virology Journals Zao Liu Texas A&M University [email protected] Gary (Gang) Wan Texas A&M University Abstract This paper examines the relationships between the journal impact factor and the h-type indices in virology journals. The virology journals and their 2010 journal impact factors were retrieved from Journal Citation Reports. The h-index and the g-index values of the journals for 2007-2011 were obtained from Web of Science and Google Scholar. The journals were ranked by their journal impact factor and h-indices. The correlation analysis of the measures found a strong relationship between the journal impact factor and the h-type indices, and a stronger tie between the h-indices themselves. Despite the strong correlations between the measures, differences in rankings of the journals with the journal impact factor and the h-type indices were found, and possible explanations for the differences were provided. -
Virology Techniques
Chapter 5 - Lesson 4 Virology Techniques Introduction Virology is a field within microbiology that encom- passes the study of viruses and the diseases they cause. In the laboratory, viruses have served as useful tools to better understand cellular mechanisms. The purpose of this lesson is to provide a general overview of laboratory techniques used in the identification and study of viruses. A Brief History In the late 19th century the independent work of Dimitri Ivanofsky and Martinus Beijerinck marked the begin- This electron micrograph depicts an influenza virus ning of the field of virology. They showed that the agent particle or virion. CDC. responsible for causing a serious disease in tobacco plants, tobacco mosaic virus, was able to pass through filters known to retain bacteria and the filtrate was able to cause disease in new plants. In 1898, Friedrich Loef- fler and Paul Frosch applied the filtration criteria to a disease in cattle known as foot and mouth disease. The filtration criteria remained the standard method used to classify an agent as a virus for nearly 40 years until chemical and physical studies revealed the structural basis of viruses. These attributes have become the ba- sis of many techniques used in the field today. Background All organisms are affected by viruses because viruses are capable of infecting and causing disease in all liv- ing species. Viruses affect plants, humans, and ani- mals as well as bacteria. A virus that infects bacteria is known as a bacteriophage and is considered the Bacteriophage. CDC. Chapter 5 - Human Health: Real Life Example (Influenza) 1 most abundant biological entity on the planet. -
Viral Vectors 101 a Desktop Resource
Viral Vectors 101 A Desktop Resource Created and Compiled by Addgene www.addgene.org August 2018 (1st Edition) Viral Vectors 101: A Desktop Resource (1st Edition) Viral Vectors 101: A desktop resource This page intentionally left blank. 2 Chapter 1 - What Are Fluorescent Proteins? ViralViral Vectors Vector 101: A Desktop Resource (1st Edition) ViralTHE VectorsHISTORY 101: OFIntroduction FLUORESCENT to this desktop PROTEINS resource (CONT’D)By Tyler J. Ford | July 16, 2018 Dear Reader, If you’ve worked with mammalian cells, it’s likely that you’ve worked with viral vectors. Viral vectors are engineered forms of mammalian viruses that make use of natural viral gene delivery machineries and that are optimized for safety and delivery. These incredibly useful tools enable you to easily deliver genes to mammalian cells and to control gene expression in a variety of ways. Addgene has been distributing viral vectors since nearly its inception in 2004. Since then, our viral Cummulative ready-to-use virus distribution through June 2018. vector collection has grown to include retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, and adeno-associated viral vectors. To further enable researchers, we started our viral service in 2017. Through this service, we distribute ready-to- use, quality-controlled AAV and lentivirus for direct use in experiments. As you can see in the chart to the left, this service is already very popular and its use has grown exponentially. With this Viral Vectors 101 eBook, we are proud to further expand our viral vector offerings. Within it, you’ll find nearly all of our viral vector educational content in a single downloadable resource. -
A Bibliometric Analysis of Virology in Colombia (2000–2013)
Original Article Virology research in a Latin American developing country: a bibliometric analysis of virology in Colombia (2000–2013) Julian Ruiz-Saenz1,3, Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez1,2,3 1 Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia 2 Grupo de Investigación Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia 3 Asociación Colombiana de Virología, Bogotá, Colombia Abstract Introduction: Bibliometric analysis demonstrates that the virology research in Latin America has increased. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate Colombian publications on viruses and viral diseases in indexed journals during the period from 2000 to 2013. Methodology: The bibliographic data were collected from MedLine, SciELO, LILACS and Scopus databases. The database was constructed in Excel descriptive statistics. The SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) was evaluated using the SCImago Journal & Country Rank in 2013 and was used as an indicator of the quality of the journals used by the Colombian researchers. Results: The total number of papers published was 711, of which 40.4% were published in local journals, and 59.6% were published in foreign journals. Most (89.2%) were original papers. Moreover, 34.2% of the papers were published in collaboration with international researchers, with the United States being the most represented. Of the journals used, 85.6% had an SJR, and 14.4% did not. The median SJR of the papers was 0.789, and the median of the papers with international collaborators was higher compared to the SJR of the papers without international collaboration.