Topics Geo Annual Review: Natural Catastrophes 2005 Topics Geo 2005

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Topics Geo Annual Review: Natural Catastrophes 2005 Topics Geo 2005 Knowledge series Knowledge series Topics Geo Annual review: Natural catastrophes 2005 Topics Geo 2005 Topics Natural catastrophes in 2005 The Kashmir quake Great natural catastrophes since 1950 The climate conference in Montreal Hurricane season – Time to rethink Climate review 2005 © 2006 Münchener Rück Munich Re Group Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft Königinstrasse 107 80802 München Germany Order number 302-04772 1 © 2006 Order numbers Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft German 302-04771 Königinstrasse 107 English 302-04772 80802 München French 302-04773 Germany Spanish 302-04774 Tel.: +49(89) 38 91-0 Italian 302-04775 Fax: +49 (89) 39 90 56 http://www.munichre.com Printed by F-Media Druck GmbH Supervisory Board Weißenfelder Strasse 4a Dr. jur. Hans-Jürgen Schinzler (Chairman), 85551 Kirchheim/Heimstetten Herbert Bach, Hans-Georg Appel, Germany Holger Emmert, Ulrich Hartmann, Dr. rer. nat. Rainer Janßen, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Henning Kagermann, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Drs. h. c. mult. Hubert Markl, Wolfgang Mayrhuber, Kerstin Michl, Prof. Karel Van Miert, Ingrid Müller, Prof. Dr. jur. Dr.-Ing. E. h. Heinrich v. Pierer, Dr. e. h. Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Pischetsrieder, Dr. rer. nat. Jürgen Schimetschek, Dr. jur. Dr. h. c. Albrecht Schmidt, Dr. phil. Ron Sommer, Wolfgang Stögbauer, Josef Süßl, Judy Võ Responsible for content Corporate Underwriting/Global Clients Geo Risks Research/Environmental Management Contact Angelika Wirtz Tel.: +49(89) 38 91-34 53 Fax: +49 (89) 38 91-7 34 53 E-mail: [email protected] The broad range of Munich Re’s geoscientific knowledge may be found at www.munichre.com. Besides supplying basic scientific and insurance information on the subject of natural hazards, it presents analyses of topical loss events and interactive hazard maps for all regions of the world. Munich Re, Topics Geo 2005 Contents Page Natural catastrophes in 2005 2 Review – Outlook 6 Pictures of the year 8 Statistics 10 Great natural catastrophes 1950–2005 NatCatSERVICE information 14 Increasing intensity and costs of natural catastrophes – Is this a long-term trend? 18 Hurricane season 2005 30 Earthquake in Pakistan Floods and storms 34 Summer 2005 in central Europe: Many Alpine valleys under water 38 Floods in Mumbai 41 Geographical underwriting – A central component of risk management Munich Re Foundation – From Knowledge to Action 45 Risk awareness is the key 48 Results of the UN climate conference in Montreal 51 Climate review 2005 Inserts World Map of Natural Catastrophes 2005 Cover: MRNatCatPOSTER Natural catastrophes in 2005 2005 was the most active hurricane season since recordings began and the most expensive in the history of the insurance industry. This was the flooded centre of New Orleans at the end of August after Hurricane Katrina. The Superdome provided shelter for 20,000 home- less people. However, a further evacuation was imperative as the Superdome’s roof had been damaged in the storm, and supplying the people with provisions was difficult in the flooded city. Left: The first evacuees from New Orleans arrived in Houston on 31 August. More than 24,000 homeless people crowded into the Astrodome, where they received all they needed. It was the largest emergency shelter in the history of the American Red Cross. 1 Munich Re, Topics Geo 2005 Natural catastrophes in 2005 Review – Outlook 2005, the year of records Katrina was the sixth strongest hurricane since recordings began in 1851 – and losses amounting to US$ 60bn The year 2005 was marked by weather-related natural (private insurance: US$ 45bn; National Flood Insurance catastrophes. Roughly half of all the loss events recorded Program: US$ 15bn) made it the most expensive natural were windstorms, with costs to be borne by the world’s catastrophe loss in history. Rita, the fourth strongest economies exceeding US$ 185bn. The most severe hurricane ever registered, reached mean wind speeds human catastrophe was triggered by an earthquake that of up to 280 km/h. Stan progressed at a relatively slow occurred in October in the border area between Pakistan speed but carried enormous amounts of rain into Middle and India and, with a death toll of 88,000, was one of the America, causing thousands of landslides, under which five most destructive quakes of the last 100 years. more than 800 people were buried. Wilma was the strongest hurricane ever registered in the Atlantic, with Loss figures overall losses amounting to approx. US$ 18bn. At the end of November, Delta became the first tropical cyclone Overall losses exceeding US$ 210bn set a new record ever to be registered in the Canaries. You will find a (the most expensive year before that was 1995 with detailed description of the 2005 hurricane season US$ 175bn, in original values), although, with some beginning on page 18. 650 loss events registered, the number of natural catas- trophes was in line with the average of the last ten years. Munich Re has also published a special brochure entitled More than one hundred thousand people were killed as a “Hurricanes – More intense, more frequent, more expen- result of natural catastrophes last year. Such a large num- sive“, which describes the effects on the insurance indus- ber of fatalities has been recorded only twice in the last try and summarises the conclusions to be drawn. 25 years: in 1991, following a storm surge in Bangladesh, and 2004, following the tsunami in South Asia. Geological events Consequently, it is not surprising that insured losses also In the past year, 70 damaging earthquakes and 13 vol- reached unprecedented dimensions. The year’s overall canic eruptions were registered around the world. The balance for the insurance industry was US$ 94bn, doub- overall loss came to approx. US$ 6bn. ling the previous record set in 2004. In February 2005, a 6.5-magnitude earthquake occurred Windstorms in Iran. Although the region affected is only sparsely pop- ulated, more than 600 people were killed. In March, an As in previous years, windstorms dominated the insurers’ 8.7-magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Suma- loss figures. In January, Winter Storm Erwin crossed tra, demolishing thousands of houses on the island of Scotland and southern Scandinavia at up to 120 km/h on Nias and killing 1,700 inhabitants. The earthquake that hit a path that took it as far as Russia. It was the strongest the border region between Pakistan and India in October storm in Norway for over ten years, in Sweden for over 2005 triggered one of the worst human catastrophes of thirty years. For the European insurance industry, it was the last one hundred years. It only lasted 50 seconds, but the fifth most expensive storm of the past fifty years. more than 2,000 settlements were almost completely destroyed and 88,000 people were killed. Thousands of The hurricanes in the United States, the Caribbean, and landslides blocked the roads to the areas with the greatest Mexico alone destroyed insured values exceeding devastation and thus prevented international aid organi- US$ 83bn. In the Atlantic, 27 tropical storms and hurri- sations from taking prompt and effective action. Further canes broke all meteorological and monetary records. details may be found in the article beginning on page 30. For the first time since its introduction in 1953, the offi- cial list of 21 names was not long enough and had to be supplemented by the first six letters of the Greek alphabet. 2 Munich Re, Topics Geo 2005 Natural catastrophes in 2005: Review – Outlook Floods learn how to protect themselves. At an international sym- posium organised in November by the Munich Re Foun- In August 2005, profuse rainfall caused floods in nearly dation, “Worldwide disaster reduction – Risk awareness is all Alpine countries. You can read more on this occur- the key“, the ten leading challenges of the future relating rence, the largest loss incurred by the Swiss Natural to disaster prevention and reduction were formulated. Perils Pool in its 30-year history, in the article beginning The article beginning on page 45 informs you about the on page 34. Mumbai, the megacity on the west coast of work packages of the Hohenkammer Charter that was India with over 15 million inhabitants, was swamped by adopted by one hundred experts. extreme rainfalls in July 2005. A precipitation depth of 944 mm was recorded within 24 hours, almost as much Outlook as the annual average. Our description of this natural catastrophe, the most expensive insurance loss in India All loss records were broken in 2005, which finally led to date, begins on page 38. to the climate change debate taking on a new quality. The wind of change already made itself felt at the Montreal Wildfires, heatwaves, and droughts climate summit in December. The article beginning on page 48 has more about the outcome of the Canadian In August, the scene in the Alps was dominated by summit. floods and flash floods, whereas southern Europe had to contend with wildfires and droughts. Portugal experi- Munich Re has long been warning that increasing global enced one of the most extreme dry periods of the last warming will be accompanied by extraordinary weather- 100 years, Spain and France were forced to introduce related natural catastrophes and explaining why there is a water rationing, and the agricultural sector was con- likelihood of greater loss potentials. The company’s fears fronted with widespread crop failures. The overall loss were confirmed in 2005. is estimated to exceed US$ 3bn. The international insurance industry managed to cope Brazil’s Amazon Basin went through its worst drought with 2005’s record losses, but the ability to provide cover for more than 60 years. Many stretches of river dried up, for natural hazards in the future will depend on the devel- resulting in losses for the shipping industry, agriculture, opment of adequate insurance solutions for catastrophe and fishery.
Recommended publications
  • Portugal – an Atlantic Extreme Weather Lab
    Portugal – an Atlantic extreme weather lab Nuno Moreira ([email protected]) 6th HIGH-LEVEL INDUSTRY-SCIENCE-GOVERNMENT DIALOGUE ON ATLANTIC INTERACTIONS ALL-ATLANTIC SUMMIT ON INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE DEVELOPMENT AND THE BLUE ECONOMY: FOSTERING ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN A POST-PANDEMIC WORLD 7th October 2020 Portugal in the track of extreme extra-tropical storms Spatial distribution of positions where rapid cyclogenesis reach their minimum central pressure ECMWF ERA 40 (1958-2000) Events per DJFM season: Source: Trigo, I., 2006: Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: a comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dynamics volume 26, pages127–143. Portugal in the track of extreme extra-tropical storms Spatial distribution of positions where rapid cyclogenesis reach their minimum central pressure Azores and mainland Portugal On average: 1 rapid cyclogenesis every 1 or 2 wet seasons ECMWF ERA 40 (1958-2000) Events per DJFM season: Source: Trigo, I., 2006: Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: a comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dynamics volume 26, pages127–143. … affected by sting jets of extra-tropical storms… Example of a rapid cyclogenesis with a sting jet over mainland 00:00 UTC, 23 Dec 2009 Source: Pinto, P. and Belo-Pereira, M., 2020: Damaging Convective and Non-Convective Winds in Southwestern Iberia during Windstorm Xola. Atmosphere, 11(7), 692. … affected by sting jets of extra-tropical storms… Example of a rapid cyclogenesis with a sting jet over mainland Maximum wind gusts: Official station 140 km/h Private station 00:00 UTC, 23 Dec 2009 203 km/h (in the most affected area) Source: Pinto, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Central America: Hurricane Stan "Tropical Storm "Stan" Turned Into a Hurricane (Category OCHA Situation Report No
    Central America: Hurricane Stan "Tropical storm "Stan" turned into a hurricane (Category OCHA Situation Report No. 2 One, Saffir-Simpson scale) on 4 October 2005 and is Issued 7 October 2005 affecting Mexico and Central America." GLIDE: TC-2005-000173-SLV International Boundary SITUATION Neighouring Country Floods and landslides: Affected Country Heavy rains caused flooding, deadly mud- and rockslides. National Capital People evacuated to shelters or relatives', friends' houses. Wind (mph) 50-100 Damage to crops. Roads in main cities closed due to 25-50 Gulf of Mexico landslides. Rains expected in the next 48 hours. Volcanic activity: Largest volcano in El Salvador, Ilamatepec, erupted on 1st and 3rd Oct., emitting gases, smoke and ash. 13 tremors registered in last 3 days. Potential mudflows. 3 Oct 4 Oct ACTION Government announced USD 11.7 million to cover the emergency requirements and is negotiating the reorientation 2 Oct of USD 43 million loan. Mexico 1 Oct Following the request of the Government, UN-OCHA released USD 30,000 from its Emergency Grant Reserve and USD 30,000 from the Norwegian Grant Reserve in MMEEXXIICCOO 5 Oct OCHA Trust Fund for Disaster Relief. Joint UN Inter-agency appeal of USD 7,895,913 issued. E Z El I Salvador 49L killed Geog raph ic Co ord in ate System s: WG S 19 84. E Ma p data so urce: U N Ca rtographic Se ction, UNISYS. 32B ,045 evacuated 309 shelters Cod e: OC HA/GVA - 200 5/015 1 66,320 population at risk from mudslides (13,543 rural, 288 urban families) GGUUAATTEEMMAALLAA 94,165 population at risk from flooding (13,438 rural, 5,395 urban families) Guatemala HONDURAS EELL S SAALL V VAADDOORR PACIFIC OCEAN Ilamatepec volcano San Salvador NICARAGUA 5 killed 4,000 evacuated 0 100 200 300 400 Km Created by the ReliefWeb Map Centre Office for the Coordination of H um anitarian Affairs The names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Documentary Sources to Investigate Multidecadal Variability of Droughts
    ISSN 0211-6820 Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2016 Nº 42 (1) pp. 13-27 EISSN 1697-9540 DOI: 10.18172/cig.2936 © Universidad de La Rioja DOCUMENTARY SOURCES TO INVESTIGATE MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY OF DROUGHTS F. DOMÍNGUEZ-CASTRO1, 2*, R. GARCÍA-HERRERA3, 4 1Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador. 2Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología, Ecuador. 3Dpto. Física de la Tierra II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. 4IGEO, Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM), Spain. ABSTRACT. Droughts are probably the natural hazard with the highest socioeconomic impact. Simultaneously, they are a very complex phenomenon; they are triggered by a diversity of physical factors and occur at a variety of time scales. Consequently, the instrumental record currently available is too short and the characterization of its multidecadal variability requires the use of natural proxies (tree rings, sedimentary records) or documentary sources. In this paper we analyse three documentary sources with potential to analyse the long-term variability of droughts: chapter acts, logbooks and chronicles. The chapter acts recorded discussions and decisions made during the assemblies of the local authorities and provide continuous and direct evidence on drought impacts. They are especially useful to study droughts between the 15th and the 19th centuries in Europe and the 17th to 18th in the former colonies. Logbooks recorded the meteorological conditions and the incidents occurred during navigation. They provide indirect information through the circulation indices that can be very helpful to understand the mechanisms and teleconnections associated to droughts. Finally, the chronicles are historiographical documents describing political and social events. They are secondary sources and the references to climatic events are discontinuous, thus their analysis must be extremely careful, but they are especially useful to study specific drought events especially prior to 15th century when no other sources are available.
    [Show full text]
  • UNDERSTANDING the GENESIS of HURRICANE VINCE THROUGH the SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION Kwan-Yin Kong City College of New York 1 1
    9B.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENESIS OF HURRICANE VINCE THROUGH THE SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION Kwan-yin Kong City College of New York 1 1. INTRODUCTION 20°W Hurricane Vince was one of the many extraordinary hurricanes that formed in the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Unlike Katrina, Rita, and Wilma, Vince was remarkable not because of intensity, nor the destruction it inflicted, but because of its defiance to our current understandings of hurricane formation. Vince formed in early October of 2005 in the far North Atlantic Ocean and acquired characteristics of a hurricane southeast of the Azores, an area previously unknown to hurricane formation. Figure 1 shows a visible image taken at 14:10 UTC on 9 October 2005 when Vince was near its peak intensity. There is little doubt that a hurricane with an eye surrounded by convection is located near 34°N, 19°W. A buoy located under the northern eyewall of the hurricane indicated a sea-surface temperature (SST) of 22.9°C, far below what is considered to be the 30°N minimum value of 26°C for hurricane formation (see insert of Fig. 3f). In March of 2004, a first-documented hurricane in the South Atlantic Ocean also formed over SST below this Figure 1 Color visible image taken at 14:10 UTC 9 October 2005 by Aqua. 26°C threshold off the coast of Brazil. In addition, cyclones in the Mediterranean and polar lows in sub-arctic seas had been synoptic flow serves to “steer” the forward motion of observed to acquire hurricane characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Operational Challenges of Forecasting TC Intensity Change in the Presence of Dry Air and Strong Vertical Shear
    The Operational Challenges of Forecasting TC Intensity Change in the Presence of Dry Air and Strong Vertical Shear Jamie R. Rhome,* and Richard D. Knabb NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL 1. INTRODUCTION to an incomplete specification of the initial moisture conditions, dynamical model forecasts of middle- to Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity changes involve upper-tropospheric humidity often have large errors. complex interactions between many environmental Beyond the problems with observing and forecasting factors, including vertical wind shear and the humidity, TC intensity forecasts become particularly thermodynamic properties of the ambient atmosphere challenging when dry air is accompanied by moderate to and ocean. While the effects of each factor are not strong vertical shear. completely understood, even less is known about the Much of the current understanding on the response effects of these factors working in tandem. Emanuel et of a TC to vertical shear comes from idealized studies. It al. (2004) proposed that “storm intensity in a sheared has been shown that strong vertical shear typically results environment is sensitive to the ambient humidity” and in the convective pattern of the TC becoming cautioned “against considering the various environmental increasingly asymmetric followed by a downshear tilt of influences on storm intensity as operating independently the vortex (Frank and Ritchie 2001, Bender 1997). To from each other.” Along these lines, Dunion and Velden keep the tilted TC vortex quasi-balanced, the (2004) have examined the combined effects of vertical diabatically-driven secondary circulation aligns itself to shear and dry air on TCs during interactions with the produce an asymmetry in vertical motion that favors Saharan Air Layer (SAL).
    [Show full text]
  • Floods from Hurricane Stan; Appeal No
    CENTRAL AMERICA, MEXICO AND HAITI: FLOODS FROM 23 December 2005 HURRICANE STAN The Federation’s mission is to improve the lives of vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of humanity. It is the world’s largest humanitarian organization and its millions of volunteers are active in over 181 countries. In Brief Appeal No. 05EA021; Operations Update no. 03; Period covered: 17 October to 23 December, 2005; Appeal coverage: 79.2%. Click here to go directly to the attached Contributions List, also available on the website). Appeal history: • Launched on 7 October 2005 CHF 1,568,000 (USD 1,230,694 OR EUR 1,012,648) for 6 months to assist 10,250 families (51,250 beneficiaries). • A revised Emergency Appeal was issued on 17 October 2005, seeking CHF 6,175,760 (USD 4,780,996 or EUR 3,974,564) in cash, kind, or services to assist 10,050 families (50,250 beneficiaries) for 6 months. • Disaster Relief Emergency Funds (DREF) allocated: CHF 280,000 Outstanding needs: CHF 1,285,365 (USD 979,736 or EUR 825,457) Related Emergency or Annual Appeals: El Salvador: Floods and Volcanic Activity (Appeal 05EA020); Haiti: Floods (Appeal 22/2004); Bahamas, Cuba and Mexico: Hurricane Wilma (Appeal 05EA024); Central America: Annual Appeal (Appeal 05AA043); Pan American Disaster Response Unit: Annual Appeal (Appeal 05AA040) Operational Summary: Since the onset of the disaster, Costa Rican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Mexican, Nicaraguan and Haitian Red Cross Societies have been working untiringly to respond to the needs of the most affected families. Although many families have now been able to return to their homes, many of those affected remain in shelters or are staying in the homes of friends or relatives.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005
    MARCH 2008 ANNUAL SUMMARY 1109 ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005 JOHN L. BEVEN II, LIXION A. AVILA,ERIC S. BLAKE,DANIEL P. BROWN,JAMES L. FRANKLIN, RICHARD D. KNABB,RICHARD J. PASCH,JAMIE R. RHOME, AND STACY R. STEWART Tropical Prediction Center, NOAA/NWS/National Hurricane Center, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 2 November 2006, in final form 30 April 2007) ABSTRACT The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active of record. Twenty-eight storms occurred, includ- ing 27 tropical storms and one subtropical storm. Fifteen of the storms became hurricanes, and seven of these became major hurricanes. Additionally, there were two tropical depressions and one subtropical depression. Numerous records for single-season activity were set, including most storms, most hurricanes, and highest accumulated cyclone energy index. Five hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall in the United States, including four major hurricanes. Eight other cyclones made landfall elsewhere in the basin, and five systems that did not make landfall nonetheless impacted land areas. The 2005 storms directly caused nearly 1700 deaths. This includes approximately 1500 in the United States from Hurricane Katrina— the deadliest U.S. hurricane since 1928. The storms also caused well over $100 billion in damages in the United States alone, making 2005 the costliest hurricane season of record. 1. Introduction intervals for all tropical and subtropical cyclones with intensities of 34 kt or greater; Bell et al. 2000), the 2005 By almost all standards of measure, the 2005 Atlantic season had a record value of about 256% of the long- hurricane season was the most active of record.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 109 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 109 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 151 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2005 No. 155 Senate The Senate was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Monday, December 12, 2005, at 2 p.m. House of Representatives TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2005 The House met at 2 p.m. and was last day’s proceedings and announces That the Senate passed S. 1044. called to order by the Speaker pro tem- to the House his approval thereof. That the Senate passed S. 1045. pore (Mr. BOOZMAN). Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- With best wishes, I am nal stands approved. Sincerely, f KAREN L. HAAS, DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER f Clerk of the House. PRO TEMPORE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE f The Speaker pro tempore laid before The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the the House the following communica- gentleman from Colorado (Mr. UDALL) ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER tion from the Speaker: come forward and lead the House in the PRO TEMPORE WASHINGTON, DC, Pledge of Allegiance. December 6, 2005. Mr. UDALL of Colorado led the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- I hereby appoint the Honorable JOHN Pledge of Allegiance as follows: ant to clause 4 of rule I, the Speaker BOOZMAN to act as Speaker pro tempore on signed the following enrolled bill on I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the this day. United States of America, and to the Repub- Friday, November 18, 2005: J.
    [Show full text]
  • Storm Watcher Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    STORM WATCHER PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Maria V Snyder | 228 pages | 05 May 2013 | Leap Books, LLC | 9781616030339 | English | Powell, WY, United States National Hurricane Center Tropical Storm Wilfred forms over the eastern Atlantic. Tropical Depression 22 forms in the Gulf of Mexico. September 17, September 14, Hurricane Teddy forms over the central Atlantic. September 16, Hurricane Sally has formed over the Gulf of Mexico. September 12, Paulette is now a hurricane over the northwestern Atlantic. September 13, The NHC indicates that Nana has become a hurricane and is expected to make landfall along the coast of Belize tonight. September 02, Tropical Storm Omar forms off the east coast of the United States. September 01, Marco has become a hurricane and could make landfall near the Louisiana coast on Monday. August 23, Tropical Storm Laura becomes a hurricane , forecast to reach category 3 before making landfall on the south coast of the USA. August 25, Tropical Storm Kyle has formed off the east coast of the United States. August 14, August 13, Tropical Depression 10 forms over the eastern Atlantic. J uly 31, Hurricane Isaias moving closer towards southern Florida. August 01, Hanna strengthens and has become the first hurricane of the Atlantic season. July 25, J uly 22, Tropical Storm Fay has formed near the coast of North Carolina. July 09, July 05, Tropical Storm Dolly forms over the north Atlantic. June 23, June 2, Tropical Storm Bertha has formed near the coast of South Carolina this morning. May 27, May 16, Storm Names for the Atlantic Hurricane Season. Tropical Storm Arthur.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season: October–November 2020
    1 A Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season: October–November 2020 2 3 Philip J. Klotzbach* 4 Department of Atmospheric Science 5 Colorado State University 6 Fort Collins CO 80523 7 8 Kimberly M. Wood# 9 Department of Geosciences 10 Mississippi State University 11 Mississippi State MS 39762 12 13 Michael M. Bell 14 Department of Atmospheric Science 15 Colorado State University 16 Fort Collins CO 80523 17 1 18 Eric S. Blake 19 National Hurricane Center 1 Early Online Release: This preliminary version has been accepted for publication in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, may be fully cited, and has been assigned DOI 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1. The final typeset copyedited article will replace the EOR at the above DOI when it is published. © 2021 American Meteorological Society Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 05:03 AM UTC 20 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 21 Miami FL 33165 22 23 Steven G. Bowen 24 Aon 25 Chicago IL 60601 26 27 Louis-Philippe Caron 28 Ouranos 29 Montreal Canada H3A 1B9 30 31 Barcelona Supercomputing Center 32 Barcelona Spain 08034 33 34 Jennifer M. Collins 35 School of Geosciences 36 University of South Florida 37 Tampa FL 33620 38 2 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 05:03 AM UTC Accepted for publication in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. DOI 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1. 39 Ethan J. Gibney 40 UCAR/Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science 41 San Diego, CA 92127 42 43 Carl J. Schreck III 44 North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System 45 Studies (CISESS) 46 North Carolina State University 47 Asheville NC 28801 48 49 Ryan E.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 109 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 109 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 151 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2005 No. 155 Senate The Senate was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Monday, December 12, 2005, at 2 p.m. House of Representatives TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2005 The House met at 2 p.m. and was last day’s proceedings and announces That the Senate passed S. 1044. called to order by the Speaker pro tem- to the House his approval thereof. That the Senate passed S. 1045. pore (Mr. BOOZMAN). Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- With best wishes, I am nal stands approved. Sincerely, f KAREN L. HAAS, DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER f Clerk of the House. PRO TEMPORE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE f The Speaker pro tempore laid before The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the the House the following communica- gentleman from Colorado (Mr. UDALL) ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER tion from the Speaker: come forward and lead the House in the PRO TEMPORE WASHINGTON, DC, Pledge of Allegiance. December 6, 2005. Mr. UDALL of Colorado led the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- I hereby appoint the Honorable JOHN Pledge of Allegiance as follows: ant to clause 4 of rule I, the Speaker BOOZMAN to act as Speaker pro tempore on signed the following enrolled bill on I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the this day. United States of America, and to the Repub- Friday, November 18, 2005: J.
    [Show full text]
  • Syndromes of Sustainability of Development for Assessing the Vulnerability of Coupled Human–Environmental Systems
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Global Environmental Change 17 (2007) 207–217 www.elsevier.com/locate/gloenvcha Syndromes of sustainability of development for assessing the vulnerability of coupled human–environmental systems. The case of hydrometeorological disasters in Central America and the Caribbean David Manuel-NavarreteÃ, Jose´Javier Go´mez, Gilberto Gallopı´n Division of Sustainable Development and Human Settlements, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Casilla 179-D, Santiago de Chile, Chile Received 27 March 2006; received in revised form 4 July 2006; accepted 18 July 2006 Abstract Syndrome analysis seeks to capture socio-ecological dynamics of interaction by addressing clusters of symptoms rather than isolated variables. This paper identifies the main symptoms of vulnerability to hydrometeorological disasters in Central America and the Caribbean by building on the results of 14 postdisaster assessments. A syndrome representation for this region is proposed, including 13 symptoms and their causal interrelations. These symptoms are manifested in the spheres of biology, hydrology, soil, population, economy, social organization, and knowledge. The linkages of this syndrome representation to other syndromes, its degree of generality across places, and its causal loops are analyzed and discussed. Three vicious circles increasing vulnerability to hydrometeorological disasters in the region are identified. Two of them point to the importance of breaking urbanization cycles marked by the absence of effective land-use planning which lead to the occupation of hazardous areas by poor people. The third causal loop goes far beyond the urban context and establishes ecosystem degradation and conversion as its main driving force. This latter vicious circle supports the notion that vulnerability should be understood in the context of human–environmental interactions.
    [Show full text]