Generalized Soil Map of California
of Th A grit u I fu|e
U N I VERS II Y OF C A LI FOR N
ENERALIZED SOIL MAP OF CALIFORNIA
R. EARL STORIE WALTER W. WEIR
CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL
E x peri m e fi t S t q t i o n
Extens j o n S e r y i c e MANUAL 6
NERALIZED MAP CALIFORNIA
R. EARL STORIE WALTER W. WEIR
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension Service THIS MANUAL is one of a series published by the University of California College of Agriculture and sold for a charge which is based upon returning only a portion of the pro- duction cost. By this means it is possible to make available publications which, due to relatively high cost of production, or limited audience, would otherwise be beyond the scope of the College publishing program. CONTENTS
VALLEY LAND (alluvial flood plain or alluvial fan soils) 2
As—deep alluvial fan and flood plain soils in higher rainfall zone ... 2
An—deep alluvial fan and flood plain soils in intermediate rainfall zone . 4
Ang—deep alluvial fan soils of very sandy or very gravelly texture . . 8 Ac—alluvial fan and flood plain soils of desert region 10
VALLEY LAND (aeolian or wind modified sandy soils) 12
Asnw—sandy, wind modified soils of intermediate rainfall zone ... 12 Acw—sandy, wind modified soils of low rainfall zone 12
VALLEY BASIN LAND (nearly flat topography) 16
Ba—organic soils 16
Bnc—imperfectly drained basin soils 18
Bck—saline and alkali soils 18
TERRACE LAND (gently sloping to undulating) 21
Csm—dark-colored, slightly-to-moderately acid soils with moderately dense subsoils 24
Cnm—moderately dense subsoils with brownish soils of neutral reaction . 24
Ccy—desert soils 28 Cand—with dense clay subsoils 30
Canh—with red-iron hardpan soils 30
UPLAND (rolling, hilly-to-steep topography) 37
Ea—acid residual soils of good depth to bedrock; high rainfall; timber- land soil 37
Esc—residual soils of moderate depth to bedrock; medium rainfall; grassland soils 40
En—residual soils of medium to fairly shallow depth to bedrock; inter- mediate-to-low rainfall 43
Ex—residual soils of very shallow depth to bedrock 46 UNMAPPED DESERT SOILS 46 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 52 I HE MAP, which presents four major topog-
raphic divisions that are separated into 18
mapping categories and an unmapped south-
eastern desert region, will be found in the
pocket on the inside back cover. Additional
copies of this map may be obtained for 25
cents each from:
AGRICULTURAL PUBLICATIONS 22 Giannini Hall University of California
Berkeley 4, California
THE AUTHORS
R. Earl Storie is Lecturer in Soil Technology and Soil Technologist, Experiment Station.
Walter W. Weir is Drainage Engineer, Department of Soils. .
GENERALIZED SOIL MAP OF CALIFORNIA
R. EARL STORIE WALTER W. WEIR
JLhe generalized soil map of Cali- acres of Noncalcic Brown woodland- fornia is intended to depict, in a general grass soils; and 13,500,000 acres of way, the soil geography of California. shallow or very shallow soils classed as The map shows four major topographic lithosols. divisions that are separated into 18 map- Each of the 18 major categories, as ping categories and an unmapped south- well as the unmapped desert, is rated on eastern desert region. Following this de- its general land-use suitability for com- scription, a table separates each category mercial timber, grazing, nonirrigated into one or more Great Soil Groups of field and truck crops, and irrigated field the World, then separates the Great Soil and truck crops. The best land use for Groups into Series-Groups, and the each category is also listed. Series-Groups into Soil Series. Dominant On the map, physiographic features soil textures are listed for each series. are shown in colors: valley lands are There are six categories of valley land, yellow; valley basin lands, green; terrace four of which contain alluvial fan and or bench lands, blue; hilly or steep up- flood plain soils, and two, wind modified lands, red; unmapped desert, uncolored. soils. The alluvial fan and flood plain Secondary soils (those deposited by soils comprise about 9,700,000 acres of water or wind) are indicated by symbols the best agricultural land of the state. A, B, and C; and the residual or primary There are about 1,200,000 acres of wind soils by symbol E. Although the desert modified soils. is largely unmapped, the probable domi- Valley basin land contains three of the nant soil conditions are indicated on the major categories, one of which includes map legend. the organic soils (300,000 acres), an- In using this generalized map, it must other the imperfectly drained basin soils be kept in mind that its scale imposes of the great valley trough (2,500,000 certain limitations on its use; therefore, acres) , and the third the saline and alka- the map is not intended for detailed land line soils (2,800,000 acres) planning purposes. (Soil surveys suitable The terrace land includes five of the for more detailed use have been made for major categories totaling 7,400,000 acres, much of California.*) Areas of less than of which 1,900,000 acres are hardpan 4,000 acres could not be shown on a map soils, and 1,100,000 are claypan soils. of this scale. In many instances, complex There are four major categories of up- soil conditions are included with adjacent land soils, with a total area of about 54,- soil groups of somewhat dissimilar na- 100,000 acres. These include 20,500,000 ture. acres of Podzolic timberland soils; * List of soil surveys in California, 1951, is 4,800,000 acres of Prairie, Chernozem, available from the Department of Soils, Univer- and Rendzina grassland soils; 15,300,000 sity of California, Berkeley. [i] VALLEY LAND
(Alluvial flood plain or alluvial fan soils; gently sloping, smooth topography)
This valley-land category, which in- matter. The Soquel and Ferndale soils in cludes the best all-purpose agricultural Humboldt, Mendocino, Sonoma, San soils of the state, contains the gently Mateo, and Santa Cruz counties have sloping, well-drained alluvial flood plain produced some of the state's best stands or alluvial fan soils. Four groups are of redwood. Cleared areas of these soils, shown on the generalized soil map: As drained and fertilized, are productive (high rainfall), An (medium rainfall), when planted to such crops as bush Ang (sandy and gravelly), and Ac berries, strawberries, vegetables, and (desert). apples. These soils occur under climatic conditions that make them desirable for As Deep alluvial fan and flood small home farms. soils plain of slightly acid reaction Soils of this group are classified and occurring in higher rainfall zone tabulated in table 1. A typical landscape These soils occupy the valleys in the on Soquel loam in Santa Cruz County higher rainfall zone. They are generally appears in figure 1; and a profile of dark colored and are high in organic Soquel loam, in figure 2.
Fig. 1. Bush berries on Soquel loam in Santa Cruz County, a typical landscape of group As. The
timbered upland above the valley is classed as group Ea.
[2] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California - Division of .Soils
No. nS
Soil Type Sp Geogipngrnphirnl I nnrisrnpp ^gn^^ sloptn.^ 4tffu.*i4.( •$« f EL."levation SQ-loo' Slope jr* - P£fl Erosion Kaon Groundwater 4-Q - Bo Drainage Series -Group 4&- Ct>rr*IU-*KS Soil Region .X" , -ZT Profile Group__X Great Soil Group ATggj fi//u*'i«l ^ w / Related Soil Series (ZorrcxrrexiP/Titos. Variations, etc. sir^i'-f'^ ^W< Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. cUrKL \oarry fr!A,k ? 12 I 24 CarKL 36 'Oarr\ txz-ri .u Qr©*o« ish •i-fiAblt T*3 48 rV-« 60 a/fWi-J *i m^"<"\ -ftxT^re ^ 1 £ Natural^ and Division ; f""^ I I I I -= Soil Ratirlq (Storfp InrW) ) Adaptation frt^tn^ &r»M$ AgpU^ b*Jy berries, jrueK. c^cy. } } } Mnnngpmpnt . oygr-^/oW Soil ? Ppi55S ffi^/n, Fig. 2. Soil description and profile of Soquel loam, a typical soil of group As. This form is useful in reporting and showing the characteristics of a soil by horizons. [3 An Deep alluvial fan and flood plain soils occurring in intermediate rainfall zone .3 X These soils occupy the valley land in OS the intermediate rainfall zone (10 to 20 inches annually), and generally are of various shades of brown. They represent the most important agricultural group of soils in California, and are highly valued a S £ g for such irrigated crops as alfalfa, apri- Si S o 2^s o cots, carrots, corn, lettuce, peaches, po- tatoes, sugar beets, and walnuts. Where climatic conditions are suitable they rate high for avocados, citrus fruits, cotton, .5* and grapes. The soils of this group are found where the rainfall is too low for timber production. These soils have a £ § O N top Storie-Index rating (90 to 100 per «n _ II cent*). c "5 o^ Large areas occur in the Sacramento, '5 a. Santa Clara, Salinas, Santa Maria, and Santa Ynez valleys, in the central and O i- .2.2 northern San Joaquin Valley and in the valleys of southern California. Soils of this group are classified and 8 C tabulated in table 2. A typical soil of this g> lb c group, Yolo loam, is illustrated in figure 3. Figure 4 is a profile of Yolo loam; .2 5 figure 5 is of Sorrento soil, also typical 2 O of Group An. < e si * Storie, R. Earl. Revision of the Soil Rating as Chart. California Agr. Exp. Sta., 1944. (Litho.) 1 Fig. 3. Prune orchard on Yolo loam (group An) in Santa Clara Valley. [4] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. An Soil Type Yolo I oan\ Location 5oU»to g-d Y olo c©w»Tie-i c fll'IfMf +4/t5 Geographical I nnrisrnpe en ^*1 ^ rr~« ^ v FlPvntinn 50 - 3oo' Slope ~k' tk ±_3k Erosion no*?c_ Groundwater H° ~ t c'»»»< alluvium* Mode of Formntion Parent Material .S Variations, etc. 3TK*^rV /?« e pro -T> /e Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. Kvjrsvii 3off ~j-ri<*-U*- n 24"_ 36". /oay*^ fri<*kl<. neu4ra( E>ci-m^a.t>l<- c/oc/> 48"_ " • 60" m Natural Land Division a.(fur<*/-£**. w'iS) >n\e Nonirrigated Crops- Soil Monngement riiirc^cn . Fig. 4. Soil description and profile of Yolo loam, a typical soil of group An. [5] s as >> X) S3 S3 T3 bo 2 a 5 g.g s, bo Emi Gle Ripperdi Greenfie ft Hanford Oakdale S3 ^3 1* Moreno w Salinas Hilmar Visalia c« o Metz «- c6 O San Oak O ffi Ph P4 W mora S3 .S3 a, > 2i o = T5 .£ R a a) Oa, abo 02 . ~ c* o, 2 53 £3 S3 =3 bo O 0) •" S3 as O «_ S3 53 J3 >» O O "- g I-CO l-i e8 a) .2 o S nS3 s-, O bo S3 3< >» > I ©IS> O > e8 ^h «« o £ * o R 2 ri a> 'O • .S 8 8 Pi +3 § s i •o H c« 111 eg O eg ,3 o e3 eo fi c3 a» O a> eS O O Q W f* N N < tt M O &4 tf < o § .2? > X M CO .© T3 1 >» bo j9 CO d S •2 eg eo 3 Fig. 5. Ground prepared for growing truck crops on Sorrento soils, typical of group An. Ang Deep alluvial fan soils of very of very low value for agricultural pur- sandy or very gravelly texture poses and, because of their extremely The Tujunga soils occupy very recent coarse texture, have a low Storie-Index deposits of sandy, gravelly, or stony ma- rating (10 to 30 per cent) . Deep alluvial terial and occur principally in Los An- fan soils of very sandy or very gravelly geles, Riverside, and San Bernardino texture are classified in table 3. A profile counties. These "raw" alluvial soils are of Tujunga gravelly sand is shown in derived from granitic material. They are figure 6. TABLE 3—Ang Deep Alluvial Fan Soils of Very Sandy or Very Gravelly Texture Great Soil Group of World Series-Group Dominant Soil series soil textures Name Description Name Parent material Noncalcic Brown very coarse-tex- 14. Tujunga granitic rock Tujunga stony sand; Alluvial tured neutral alluvium gravelly soils sand [8] j FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. ^12 ncicLs c; rva. verity Soil Type _ 7ZJ" iL iafl Location ggu^Wgr^CZfifom reg-e/in* cWos'.fcci a>luyrt restdeo-t.^ i Natural Cover^ Present Use " - ]«**ffc "H* Soil Region "-VXL. g-^ Profile Group J* Great Soil Group A/tncalctc BroM >i ft>/u*.qj Related Soil Series H<*n-ford Variations, etc. & I <^or\T~e.nOC Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. Oy^~'o qrwve/f«. ,/c -J^i-Bl* Kieu"T>-tt.( .1 " O ', T~*y I2"_ ' '• " - • 24"_ P>' »/ C \/« 36"_ -fr,*J>U net*4r-c/ Course KolJl I A C*3_p«-CjTC| o» 48'L . ..'0 «. •;; 60" Natural Land Division v<^*i co<3r5 Soil Rating (Storie Index) / Fig. 6. Soil description and profile of Tujunga gravelly sand, a typical soil of group Ang. [9] i 1 Ac Alluvial fan and flood plain soils of desert region CO en 3£ a CO eg CO S-t These soils are found in the desert and IS S3 if >> CO semi-desert areas of low rainfall (1 to 7 OS T3 co CO 1 inches annually) . They are light colored, o3 3 o en c3 low in organic matter, and calcareous. o Pi They may be found in the Imperial and a3 o w s H Palo Verde valleys, in parts of the Mo- CD ° « « CO —i 2 co in 03 s jave Desert, and the southwestern por- '8 tion of the San Joaquin Valley. These GO .©baa oQ,3 am areas are too dry to produce crops with- c out irrigation, but when irrigated the 8) soils are highly valued for such field a g crops as alfalfa, flax, and cotton. These + 3 soils generally have a high (70 to 100 4) CD o in s o per cent) Storie-Index rating (except O cS O s >> where they contain alkali). Soils of this *- c o CD o 3 group are classified in table 4. Truck e3 VI 03 si | 13 silty •pi crops growing on Holtville clay loam '5 CD 1=3 9 T3 e«3 V) CO are shown in figure 7; and a profile of CD CO (30 CO 't-l a c CD Gila fine sandy loam appears in figure 8. # "5 02 a 8 CO r& o CD o a CI o ^ c3 TZ •— 55 'e? TB U o ru C C?s 00 tA 8 iH lO -^ C s u. mm 8 > 3 £ ~ o CO < 1—CO O > CO S u c g o > < "cS 3 02 2 'm O o O e3 CO CO CD CD co^ s cS $.s Q.3 ^< £< « o Fig. 7. Lettuce on Holtville silty clay loam (group Ac) in the Imperial Valley. [10] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils NO. A> &<*nS*j I exam,. Soil Type C?-'i(4_ fine. Location _ TJo \/erd Related Soil Series 77of+vl/U , /1etol<*.n Variations, etc. Strecti-Pvd Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. V 3off C>C r" »^i «^x i»/c_ U f,-;-wc t«/cAreo«i i?" <*£>'<. m \/d$- t aUf yn C.a\ca* cou^> pe»"**t < « fc_ 24. ''': 36"_ ' .. . 48"_ 60" « IH»* "/tX'/'ir,rd JSeJ/s -/V*?d jplain I &*>c Y*ee Wn turnl I inn -# * ' X Soil Rq/mgifirv fstorie Index) /O0 * / OP « f »0 ^S" — *?£ ?o ftrnde J Productivity: Irrigated Crops Verw Fig. 8. Soil description and profile of Gila fine sandy loam, a typical soil of group Ac. [ii] VALLEY LAND (Aeolian or wind modified sandy soils) The soils in this subcategory are aeo- lian or wind modified sandy soils. They M >> are included in two groups: Asnw I (aeolian; intermediate rainfall) and Acw 1!BS I'd .2 73 o_< CO CO 73 di 73 ed (aeolian; low rainfall). Pon d d w d w eg ca n e8 CO CO CO CO Asnw Sandy, wind modified soils of intermediate rainfall zone OJ© *«4 73 -** The Delhi and Atwater sands are found 0) V c CO in Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, and '3 CM) *;a J*a CO CO N 03 J3 d Fresno counties, where the annual rain- <3Q Oh fall is between 8 and 13 inches. These soils ^ M- are light brown and about neutral in re- JC '5 ^H action. Soils of the Marina, Elkhorn, and tt .2 "C CO CD T3 CO CO CO Tangair series-groups are found closer to H d 73 73 73 S e3 d d d o CO the seacoast where the rainfall is higher. cc3 3 ca ^ "3 O CO CO CO P. CD *d They are more acid in reaction, and the 3 73 73 d E o CO CO CO profiles are more fully developed than w Ph 1 .a 9 bo a 1 those in the Delhi series-group. With * 09 ™c » irrigation, the Delhi and Atwater soils 3 tfra CO. produce grapes, sweet potatoes, water- e8 d melons, alfalfa, etcetera. The soils of the J2 CD '5 B •S o a 3 bo Marina, Elkhorn, and Tangair groups CO c8 p § receive sufficient winter rain to produce "O § W H «# CO t> 00 certain crops in fair quantity. (E No. f\sr\W Soil Type ~De7Au ^> Variations, etc. "to&o^r*- P^t '7 Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. * per I£ vkr ^<*i< -j^r^exbU- r\ c t*-fr>* f 4 <: v s k>row>\„ 12". • 24"_ ; ,4nd 5 iO^/<- -X|"l <*(?'< br"«w\ J' . 36"_ • . ; 48"_ 60 - . Natural La nd Division ijj^j »u>c*ifi'«i 3o-c(s » fl<5"-Sd Iflox>C/C/ to XA *JP Nonirrigated Crops / ovu- Timher no po~f*-Tot*t «^>**> )ne'°n3>1 swe*-fw <*t d 8 q , e <*r*.t>ts> a ^cVc tu/M /'rrka/Zon Adaptation ^ ^ r * l-f*j A- , s } ^ 3 ff^ x> Lfcy±g= 3 Mnnngement t?roT*clioo fN»n \o\«& Fig. 9. Soil description and profile of Delhi sand, a typical soil of group Asnw. [13] ; . these soils on the mesa lands. The soils able and the land is leveled and irrigated. are subject to wind erosion; and leveling These soils have a medium-to-low Storie- is expensive. They are low in plant Index rating (30 to 55 per cent) nutrients, and must be irrigated in order Soils of the group are classified and to produce any crops. Specialized crops, tabulated in table 6. Figure 10 shows date such as dates, grapes, and grapefruit, palms growing on soils of this group ; and may be grown where the climate is suit- figure 11, a profile of Rositas sand. TABLE 6—Acw Sandy, Wind Modified Soils of Low Rainfall Zone Great Soil Group of World Series-Group Dominant Soil series soil textures Name Description Name Parent material Red Desert light reddish-brown 25. Coachella granitic sands Coachella sands Sand calcareous, wind modified sands 65. Rositas mixed sands Rositas sands Gray Desert light gray, cal- 65. Rositas mixed sands Preston sands Sand careous, wind modified sands Fig. 10. Deglet Noor date palms growing on soils of group Acw. [14 1 ' FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No ftcw Soil Type FK'o&itcks -Sond Location u>^<* nengrnphirnl I nndsrnpe kh^kcK*^ »»vo Groundwater deep Drainage «^ J Alkali non« a-l/^>W Mode of Formation Seco^d*^«f Parent Material s>cn^^ ^)ycd Climate /~ 2> " <**n"«.f »** '•»/*// >**** Natural Cover c/estrf s.lnr^L^ Present Use £>pec\af errors. nVrA 'irrifecfUn. Series -Group 4>5~ ~FCo.srf«uS. Soil Region -3JLC Profile Group JX" Great Soil Group "T^ed "TXsc^f" S>^*-»cf. Related Soil Series "Frcs^dn. Styer-s-fcf >'on. } Variations, etc. rjryj; Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. • : • , ^''n< -F 3<*i< 7.' r i*[>U calcareous br»w»i^ j-vatn'C' 12"- . • % r 3 ^ ' ' •• 24"_ 36"_ ' •- . . x 48"_ r • * '. V . 60" * • Natural Land Division <>*n Soil Rating (Storie Index) fOOXfcq* 10° * 10 ~ 4-2. ?<> rirndp 3 Productivity: Irrigated Crops -fa-'ir Range fo Nonirrigated Crops h0 Timber rio crop3 Adaptation ^^«i*lit«d ',rri*icx4<.d. Con4rof uj\*%J erosion. Fig. 1 1 . Soil description and profile of Rositas sand, a typical soil of group Acw. [15] . VALLEY BASIN LAND (Nearly flat topography) Lands in this category, which occupy 01 the lowest parts of the valleys, are nearly cd c H 1 flat and usually imperfectly or poorly 3 C X drained. There are three general groups i CD o p 'o of soils in this category: Ba (highly 03 organic basin soils) ; Bnc (basin clays) ; Pi and Bck (alkali basin soils) Muck Peat CO These soils are dark colored and high '3 Muck Roberts Correra Egbert Venice 02 Burns Muck Staten in organic matter (10 to 80 per cent). Peat Ryde They have been formed through the de- composition of tules and reeds, and are acid in reaction and low in bases. They are confined to one large area in the 3M CD Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region, 1 03 where the Sacramento and San Joaquin CD CD Peaty Muck is shown in figure 13. ta o 03 O '3 a bo o o 2 o. >> o "Co w t CD 1 Q a 3 o (H •S ° w'o >?£ 9 o\S o AO bo CD O a pq 55 80 g•c Fig. 12. The dark-colored, highly organic soils of group Ba are excellent for potato growing. [16 ' FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. T^arfc. tf^cKL. Soil Type SMi >*2>t?r^\ Jo<-?"'i C< Location . T>*(4< Geographical Land sea pe__Jl«£ Elevation -3- +* 5 Slope Erosion tion* Groundwater 2- +• 4- Drainage poor Alkali nong- Mode of Formation y>r-i*r,ar^~ or Variations, etc. Organic,'rv* Con.T^nT Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. pteCr*-* darK. -f'il?ro 36' darVC layered •fn*e>'< .A/« f*' Acid h>rowr\ 48 _ 60' ^>ci^^A ^oJ^ Natural Land Division bas>^ ) aiC m«Ji'^ Jeep } perm^A^e- pro>fil-e^ poor Fig. 1 3. Soil description and profile of Staten Peaty Muck, a typical soil of group Ba. [17] Bnc Imperfectly drained clay is shown in figure 14. A profile of basin soils Sacramento clay is shown in figure 15. This group contains natural grassland Bck Saline and alkali soils soils. They are generally dark-colored clays, and have a high water table or are The soils of this group, which are char- subject to overflow. The largest areas acterized by a moderate-to-high content occur in the trough of the Sacramento of soluble salts, are commonly called and San Joaquin valleys. Some of the "alkali soils." Uncultivated areas are San Joaquin Valley basin soils contain used for saltgrass pasture. Areas having alkali. slight-to-moderate concentrations of salt, Under dry-farming practice these soils or which have been partially reclaimed, are used for wheat and barley. Native produce such salt-tolerant crops as bar- pasture, as well as irrigated permanent ley, rice, and flax. Reduction in salt con- pasture, does well. In the Sacramento centration by leaching and by chemical Valley they are used extensively for rice. means is very difficult over much of the They are not adapted to orchard or vine- area because of poor drainage, slowly yard use because of position and drain- permeable soil profiles, and high content age conditions. Problems limiting their of sodium. uses are drainage, clay texture, and dan- Large areas of saline and alkali soils ger of frost. occur in the San Joaquin Valley, in Sur- Soils of this group are classified and prise Valley in Modoc County, in Honey tabulated in table 8. Pasture on Merced Lake Valley in Lassen County, and on Fig. 14. Pasture on Merced clay, basin clay soil of group Bnc. [18] * FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils NO. Bnc e»iT< Soil Type \<\cr Related Soil Series^ Tk tp/^ . /*7e/"ce Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots,. Concretions Density Permeability, etc. * y C\arK d*« C loco** -Tn "L>l<. neu-fra| ~pcr**te_aDf€_ 12". § 24". r « p«r»nt!.e__ e\<^ Crlodou '* 5™3 Calcareous 36"_ \ CottxpacX 48"_ 60" Natural Land Division b*.sin l***.H fih< -f^yf-uned ^»j js TasuaIIu ytxo^r^dbtLs Fig. 15. Soil description and profile of Sacramento clay, a typical soil of group Bnc. [19] o rj TO 4) T3 If 3 CD II 'o-'SJa »© «? >» g s © 2T..2.S >»2 g® ooogd MOOWPh OS bc.2 ««c«-t,f(«p!dd »- el 3 1* d In 0) 3 § t5 5 ° ° v Scf£n Is s " d it Eh ' .11 gs cd ci "Six s § T3 ec5 CO > CD C Pi £3 Xi OCD c9 t> 05 co CO 2 • r* CD ^ O *>%'& m o 5 cc? © CD >»^ e8 eS-S "S CD O .2 w H d 43 £ o3 S ^2* c s CD BIh CD 1 enbod hernoz rairie) alcic cdOOPl* F the play as of the Mojave Desert Region. The Storie-Index rating of unreclaimed A considerable acreage of saline soils is saline and alkali soils is 2 to 20 per cent. associated with the soils in the Imperial Soils of this group are classified in and Palo Verde valleys of Imperial and table 9. A landscape showing high salt Riverside counties. The scale of the map concentration appears in figure 16; and does not permit showing all of the areas a profile of Fresno fine sandy loam in where this complex is found. figure 17. TERRACE LAND (Gently sloping to undulating) The soils of the terrace land category rately in many publications. The soils are found along the edges of the valleys, included in the terrace group consist of usually at elevations of 5 to 100 feet older secondary deposits or old valley- above the valley lands. In this generalized filling material that has moderately classification, Terrace Land includes both dense subsoils, those having dense clay low and high terraces. These two types subsoils, and those having lime or iron of terraces have been described sepa- hardpan subsoil layers. There are five Fig. 16. Landscape of Fresno fine sandy loam (group Bck) south of Kerman, Fresno County, showing high salt concentration. [21] a I* OSo is -"2 * o •0 II * 9 2 ©J4 Me3 ;3 O o ee ofl-C^S af O ,0 w £1-3 8 o 21 « 33 3* a) © ©.g« > 44O o >» X 07J 0^5 o 3 en O M o •3 ° * -0 8 N %* 03=3 03 "& *-- "° -0 ra It m So a> So 3* art £.3 5S 5.0 2-0 to O O) M OS §1 "3 o g FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No, BcK Soil Type hrtsno -fm<- .^xandL 7 oa—^ .STfo**«j <*.{Kj*.u Location £> Related Soil Series ~\Ar«a.«* tCeiy^. . Ton 4 c*n Variations, etc. Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. «a/JC-J.'..<. 3™J /«»^/a«-re« *c'^V Ctifemreo**s * % )! kt 3 G4.\c*rtoi*£. I2"_ rA Co-ijp+cT' 3 J 1 oar+\ 24". //*»»< L 36"_ CottvpacA <£.<* |c«r<«u^ * •* ' 3"1 48"_ .' * 7 60" Natural Land Division h*SinP<«S»n &oJs3o''S Q"f M«^im«i Tg.K'fu' i«j A.qnck>«^ £>f3 -2 Soil Rating ( StoriP^nrlPxMi ) 4Q x IQV X 1*0X10 .Grade. Productivity: Irrigated Crops ver loto _Range Nonirrigated Crops zl±. Timber, Adaptation J>*3.4«rt. o£ a-\K*li r*s>*s4»nt <*rAs3<* ««*-» l\A.r Fig. 1 7. Soil description and profile of Fresno fine sandy loam, a typical soil of group Bck. [23] . general groups: Csm (dark-colored, moderately dense subsoil) ; Cnm (brown- ish, moderately dense subsoil) ; Ccy J! (desert) ; Cand (dense clay subsoils) ; and Canh (red-iron hardpan). H s Csm Terrace land having dark- colored, slightly to moderately acid soils with moderately § dense subsoils 3CO j> o fee These soils occur where the rainfall is + O g o < between 15 and 40 inches annually, with o cool, wet winters and temperate, dry sum- O mers. Narrow strips border the coast 2 from Del Norte County to San Luis Obispo County. Many of these areas are too small to be delineated on the general- .c J2 e .3 ized soil map and are included with asso- V > ciated claypan soils (Cand). 1 & This group is classed as Prairie soils because of the grass vegetation, dark color, and other profile characteristics V y o normally associated with Prairie soils. * >. The soils have a high value for natural grazing and for certain vegetables that O s thrive close to the ocean. Phosphate fer- 1-8 > o tilization is generally needed to maintain good yields. The Storie-Index rating of these soils is generally 60 to 80 per cent. Si Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 10, and a profile of SJ 9 Rohnerville clay loam is shown in o2 figure 18. 3 -2 o 2 O w Cnm Terrace land having moder- * e ately dense subsoils, usually with £•3 brownish soils of neutral reaction The soils of this group occupy low terrace positions in the intermediate rainfall zone (10 to 20 inches annually) o M V The native cover is grass or woodland a t3 o grass. The Noncalcic Brown soils in this group are brownish and neutral in re- action, whereas the Chernozem, which are included, are dark gray, of clay tex- ture, and have calcareous subsoils. With irrigation, the soils have a fair- to-good agricultural rating. For grazing, the Noncalcic Brown soils are of fair quality, whereas the Chernozem soils are [24] _ — FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No Cs rr\ Soil Type ^ ; ==* 7^— —— i n oc< Variations, etc. OC/ft-fA OT da^/C 5urf< Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. V y* •ccn»7c'«f <»r****-l<*r~ ~fri*l>l<. /oa»n 12". » « . 24"_ £Jo**Aiy hrr»«e*i)/t» C focMt* fc>now>»\ 36'L 4R" *trtfftfJ »i-«xs»i*e ." * o 60" **<* /«.*"/* Natural Land Division loi*> Fig. 1 8. Soil description and profile of Rohnerville clay loam, a typical soil of group Csm. 25] 5 x BE il 3 fhe co a e3 o C S2 g o o g O o3 tuo a o 5P Pi ^flfi 3 $ <3 e8 CD " CO ftoa CD S c6 U.m 2 £ O o 2 sau 8JSS|S1 Jh Q, >3 eS nj O fl Z3 C H S-, rrt e3 «s a tm «e o ® >>43 «« w J5 •JT'S ft 3 «e ©to a> m a> a? %£ o otfra PQWKOPU WW pq pq ffi cu fn E- H PAhOh g5 .a T3 > CD -0 £ 3 a» n o - cu C «° £ S3 Bo c o x 2 fl .i! CO CO s * 5 E * ° 8 3* ate 8 eg cm o *• — 5 8 a. i. u"8 3 _ *l 8> O C > £ $ ° z IS X ^i « Si d ° i good. Irrigated pasture does well on all ing of these soils is generally 60 to 80 the soils. Irrigation and nitrogen fertili- per cent. Soils of this group are classified zation are needed to produce good, sus- and tabulated in table 11, and a profile tained crop yields. The Storie-Index rat- of Ramona loam is shown in figure 19. FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No Cnm Soil Type A>* »n.o r\a- locu*^ Location . -\T<\\\*^* "ferra-ces /** Sottfiicrn % Erosion s>r,-kt GroundwaterIwnter ae^g>Oj Drainage <=joovi Alkali none.<^>ndamon Gary utfuriu | t~ocrK. Mode of Formation pParentare r Mater a -3T'c Climate 2 - AO" * Caver -sAr-ufrs,. Variations, etc. dgnsWq Crf 2>*\»s»)r Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. • * • • '«! bro«*»*v c/oJJi* K)«MTI*tt./ pe<-m ««*?/<__ 12" •"Hi. fc>rou/#\ /o**v o/o» £>/<__ .-. "v fc>«s „' hjht ^ fviocena."fef«. ^,/ouj'c* «r^«wt» Compact 36"_ c/ocf.5 / "pei"»nc<»o'<_ 48"_ fc?r*oi*"L 1 0&»y 60" Natural Land Division / QXaA J*rr*ce^ yneJiu** -jt-^^rcA £>ol!± ^v/U Soil Rating (Stor/e Indpx ) %0 X. / frp V /»T X ^0 ~ 72.% GrnriP 2. c,,r' ~^ v -fc^ir- Productivity: Irrigated Crops •f <*«.<£ j^k+l/iut * Adaptation ci'4rns t~oo+«<£ irr\ Fig. 1 9. Soil description and profile of Ramona loam, a typical soil of group Cnm. [27] Ccy Desert soils ally high in lime. Without irrigation they This group includes the desert terrace provide only poor grazing from the native soils in the low rainfall zone (1 to 6 grasses. The Storie-Index rating varies inches annually) . They are light colored, with the depth and texture (10 to 60 per of low organic matter content, and usu- bent). Soils of this group are classified FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils no. Coy Soil Type / / iera& lU f»aw /o *r>\. tut *-^olor*-06 Location _ n ) i/e J ccserf *»t<3<=tS h f Variations, etc. Profile Compact Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc >-Ft. Vm* Jer*hL. ,lc»reouj> /i-mt n«ei*'< I2_ o» <> 36 48 60 L^ •r-racc I a«(j Natural Land Division _ ' f 3rvereL e.KO^tor*. t>2.ft-3b Soil Rating (Stone Index) 2^~* <»S"X /to X 10 =. // «?, .Grade. Productivity: Irrigated Crops t Range w^ ^ ol Nonirrigated Crops Timber Adaptation Soil Management Fig. 20. Soil description and profile of Tijeras gravelly sandy loam, typical of group Ccy. [28] _- S § 1! OS s S bo 55 5 s o fl •g3 O c3 o > O .2§ % cS «o m a S 5 s Pi :=? s °"> +» a> ^ o P j 2 o M O P w3 a o eel «-« .11 - b O 3 § 3 s ~a •B Pi w U 5? 5* H ?a 3 eg O bo a> o 2 3 ° bo +9 CO P fli bo O "S'S "^ ©»-. •S3 o >»ato o3 O a w a a-" be -a e e Fig. 21 . Typical landscape of terrace soil having dense clay subsoil (group Cand), Woodland-grass upland soils (group En) on the hills, and recent alluvial soils (group An) in valley. [30 FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No Canct Soil Type M±C(«j>Kh /<,«*. Location . Geographical Landscape.tsrnpp I out c-oJsJ-«~i -frg>y /^^cf^fCy n / H . Series -Group Cf^ Soi | Region Profile Group ZIZ Great Soil Group T^ro'^'g Vl*.na&ol Related Soil Series. -ur*A,^oftyv/Ae. Variations, etc. dep~tk. j"c Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density 'Permeability, etc. ^ v }oa»ry flr»n«/«r -Triable. pe r>n«ao/c i. Alii ' I2"_ 1— c/*w prtat^mOrtc Ac] 36". __ Com paef pery-i4<*b/z C.\+H . 48"_ 60" -h.-£ture<* ;f^ Natural Land Division lou>*r -ftrra-ce- •, An«cJ#\««n ^ o S"t>3oi/s u? Snil Rnting (StnriP InrW) 50 X V" / /W> Mf » V^? .Grade.3 Productivity: Irrigated Crops -f«*r ~/<» ^»o Fig. 22. Soil description and profile of McClusky loam, a typical claypan soil of group Cand. [31] f II QS as oeel-* o CD C! £'3 hp gl * g eel o t» a 5 JS ft * 2 OS -a >» efl 0) rt 3bi o o **-* 0)5 © 2 &i CD 0) « 2. § O <»> o co ^3 « O eel r—« -». 4 O CS^ 3 >. o o I u co S3 0> c '> o M 2; wea *3« >» CO -as *!CO >» o o o co O O ^- 0) XI efl fl eS co «H c ro 0) T3 0> CD a bO £ fl o O w c« C XI o CO to o CO fl o e oM 2° M © o o O eo §1 §s 55 CD CO _r* •2 « S O o * ° r?5 o« (h en o fto d £ .S .2 ,* CD > cd £ II o5 • ~ CO 22 o o 'o to ct) C CD H •h O 3 S» T3 r2 if=3 2 o CD CO I? 2* w.S o a o o « >^ •gg> «„ ©§ O J2 c3 el © s i c M g o a tt s1 iOtS H ^£.2 S3 i I "3 U CD ft. These soils are characterized by red- lized for shallow-rooted, permanent irri- dish-colored surface soils with dense clay gated pasture grasses. The soils are not subsoils that rest on a silica-iron cemented well suited to deep-rooted crops. Redding hardpan that is generally more than a gravelly loam has a much lower value foot in thickness and is impermeable to than San Joaquin loam because of its roots and water. A few of the hardpan gravelly or cobbly texture, higher acid- series have considerable lime in the hard- ity, and shallow depth. All of the soils of pan. this group respond to the application of Dominant soil types of this category phosphate and nitrogenous fertilizers. include San Joaquin loam and Redding The Storie-Index rating of San Joaquin gravelly loam. San Joaquin loam and as- loam is between 25 and 40 per cent. The sociated red-iron hardpan soils of the Redding gravelly loam generally rates great Central Valley have been utilized between 10 and 20 per cent. Soils of this with fair results for hay, grain, and pas- group are classified and tabulated in ture under dry-farming practices. Deeper table 14. Hogwallow micro-relief on San soils of this group in the San Joaquin Joaquin loam appears in figure 23. A Valley have been planted to grapes. profile of San Joaquin loam is shown in Large areas of these soils are being uti- figure 24. Fig. 23. Hogwallow micro-relief on San Joaquin loam (group Canh). [34] ' FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No .ColtJx Oa*i ~J oA44»»n ( oo>n Soil Type . Location g^s-T ^ice. of .S<*cr<=<— *»»7o <»«ci ^ai 3oo.j»m**t "V«"e^.s u?'»-H ^wq/Zout Geographical I nndsrnpp *fern*e ^° h*r<£e>«n. -f AicJCicss. of TW^ag Variiations, etc. dyfA f Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. )t«W«r- c-af»r u)*>e»\ toet". '6<*M. loAJ* fed p« •'»». « I2_ \/«r**| »-fcJ LO^tcn. Mots-f, r«< ' «rtT«CL Kctrci r J£ML fee--' .M pe, .ij< 60 4^4^^^ Natural Land Division f-grr-^^. /^ to-rM K«\rd !»>»*<. C 13 X - X Mw* * 8o PS r.rnriP Soil Rntinn (Stnrie Index) 3S ^ % ^f- !>~ *» ^w 6-''" ** J*** Productivity : Irrigated Crops ~f<* Range •f Nonirrigated r.rnps •£»'" ^ fftt \rn<\«x-*c- ^p^-f^rg.. ^r<*'<*\ Adaptation f 1 Soil Management nw^ N aiJ T» Fig. 24. Soil description and profile of San Joaquin loam, typical hardpan soil of group Canh. [35] £ 11 o» £ o PI §° bo rt eg n T3 Pi T3 e8 O O m d o ^ 11 § 3 S w 3 £ n a c a s >» 3 3 o ^ 1 o -a tc 0) c *> 8 bo g 13 bo 11 Pi I - o § T3 © co J-i *h rpi £> O i w <& £> w ^ pi O Pi "S £ a? ca *2 OT 3 S •S3 Pi -a* « o M(-1 o •3 g K 3* 1 UPLAND (Rolling, hilly-to-steep topography) More than 54 per cent of the state, Ea Rolling, hilly-to-steep upland exclusive of the unmapped desert, is com- having acid residual soils of good posed of upland areas that have rolling, depth to bedrock; high rainfall; hilly-to-mountainous topography. Most timberland soil. of the upland soils are residual, that is, All of these Podzolic soils occur in the they have been formed in place through high rainfall zone (35 to 80 inches annu- the decomposition and disintegration of ally) of the Sierra Nevada Mountains the underlying parent rock. Nearly all and the northwest Coast Range. They are of the timberlands of the state, and most the important timbered lands of the state, of the foothill and mountain grazing and comprise 20.5 per cent of its area. lands fall into these upland groups. Four groups are shown on the general- These soils are characterized by a mod- ized soil map of the state: Ea (deep, acid erate to strongly acid reaction, especi- ally in the subsoils and depths of three to timber soils) ; Esc (medium deep, grass- six feet to bedrock. Generally, the upper land soils) ; En (medium to fairly shal- portion of the parent rock been low woodland-grass soils) ; and Ex (very has shallow chaparral soils). In addition, softened by weathering action. Land in probably 30 to 40 per cent of the un- this category is used principally for com- mapped desert is composed of very shal- mercial timber (Douglas fir, pine, fir, low residual soils that support unusually and redwood), and for recreational pur- scant desert vegetation. poses. Areas on the lower fringe of the Fig. 25. Pine timber in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on soils of group Ea. [37] 55 8* 0} o § * 6 3 M cS <» go* w W £ o "5 11 II £ < O aso-d tt *=? J5 o bo bo a tt 3 x a » "3 a> i O t 2 - o> o « S o Pi T i£ 03 be bo d i- o I 73 d FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. ECL ^ r-caoKT Mode of Formation J2EiJ2L£JZ!i Parent Material Variations, etc. QefO^rK "f"e hedr-ocJCj T^i^i Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. ^ frV-U. rr»i«*i»'« 5ranular LrOUJry «- :A v, )«i-"m«c»fc»'€_u< >n>t^^ 24- y loa»\ 60 Natural Land Division grge ~Ujt>*A/tcJ • h»\r 50' 'S fcj. -5" Soil RrJting (Storie Index) 70 V Productivity: Irrigated Crops ~koo 3-V-ggp Range } e>v*r~ ° Nonirrigated Crops top $^<*-\ Timhpr ^food Adaptation Com mere Soil Mnnngement Care. in \o^*\i<%cm^\ To CxfriTt-of e ronton Fig. 26. Soil description and profile of Holland sandy loam, typical high rainfall timberland soil of group Ea. [39] upland timber region have been cleared erally dark colored, fairly high in or- and used for pasture and occasionally ganic matter, and usually of medium-to- for orchard fruits. Cultivated areas usu- fine texture. The Chernozem soils have ally are erosive. These soils are not well neutral surface and calcareous subsoils. suited to grazing. The Prairie soils are slightly acid in re- There is a wide range in the Storie- action, whereas the Rendzina soils are Index rating because of variability in calcareous throughout the profile. slope, erosion, and depth. Smoother These soils are found along the coast lands generally rate 40 to 60 per cent, in Sonoma, Marin, San Mateo (figure while the steeper lands rate as low as 5 27), and Santa Barbara counties. Much to 15 per cent. Soils of this group are of the hill land in Alameda and Contra classified and tabulated in table 15. Costa counties also is in this category. Figure 25 shows pine timber on this soil Soils of this group constitute some of group. Figure 26 is a profile of Holland the best natural grazing lands of the state, sandy loam. and should be used for that purpose rather than cultivated. These lands are Esc Rolling, hilly-to-steep upland generally not adapted to commercial tim- having residual soils of moderate ber production. The Storie-Index rating depth to bedrock; medium rainfall; of the smoother areas is 40 to 60 per cent, grassland soils. while steep areas generally rate 10 to 20 These natural grassland soils occur per cent. Soils of this group are classified where the annual rainfall is intermediate and tabulated in table 16, and a profile of to moderately high. The soils are gen- Cayucos clay is shown in figure 28. m fti Fig. 27. Landscape of Cayucos clay (group Esc), good grazing-land soil of San Mateo County. [40] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. £s< -{* /,://. Soil Type . Elevation l»-*-l+*o' Slope 3- ISO* _ ' Frosion none- 4* *lnM~ Groundwater__aecp Drainage ^joo Variations etc. Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. y w . >VtA#»M -a^lft.53 fOOTS a<*rK. C^H Grander 3 «j 1?" JoU p«.rm.eAfe/«_ 36'L 48". 60" ural Land Division rel/in*. J+dlq Upl«nJ' -f>"<- Terf<**e^ .soils ~ 4-*/- Soil Rating (Storie Inrlex ) 70 X 7Q X 10 X/*V % Grade!? Productivity: Irrigated Crops ^006 •+& -£«\r Range ^ood ~ Nonirrigated r.rnps ^o og^ ^° ^"" Timber Adaptation Fig. 28. Soil description and profile of Cayucos clay, typical upland grass soil of group Esc. [41] s 1 4 M a o3 >» >> a o3 o3 .1 l-H i—l o3 O O 22 .2 >» >> ^ o3 PS >> a a >» • d 03 o3 o3 o3 O O *« "o co "o T—1 1— rt ca .2 'C T3 _, CO 3 e 1 2 M & 5 J2 d I 5 3 1 S g £.a c d 03 02 >> £ 2 d co d o3 2 O) P3 O ld ^ o e8 >> .5 X5 ol 02 Q W j j w ID 1 2 — CO CO 1 «/> |3 O »rt co OM CO O ca CO a >» ^ d -d 2 'G si a « "5 3 O 5 >> d d » O bp a >» O M 1 'co I S a o3 8 J^ 9 H et3 w en bo XI a a cp E3 CD C •= 03 G a* = E +3 a d d CO a.2 s "° Si a CD d o3 o o o3 ,d £ >» >» m o3 ss < m O < .k tH "r * 2" o — L. " 1 (1) IS v CO a S) "03 o3 C -d — * bo «*-( d £ CO >> * fc o3 '0 0> .d CO Q CO c co ;d w _ .2 d '3 "o T3 .2* w o3 CO 7.1 'u rd 05 "os CO "0 (0 +» 3 Q d bp CO CO 1- —O i 'S 1*O CO O 09 O O M >» (!) M bo o3 O T3 -d 2 a ta 1N s -d V d ,d V O Ph Pd En Rolling, hilly-to-steep upland foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains having residual soils of medium to along the east side of the San Joaquin fairly shallow depth to bedrock; Valley; and Vallecitos and related soils intermediate-to-low rainfall in the foothills west of Sacramento Val- Soils of this group occur in the medium- ley and in San Benito, Santa Clara, Mon- to-low rainfall zone where woodland terey, and San Luis Obispo counties. In grass, shrub grass, or short grass are the the central and southern Coast Range characteristic vegetation. The soils are Mountains and foothills many small usually brown, light brown, or light gray- areas of Esc are included with En. ish brown, and fairly low in organic mat- This group of soils is used principally ter. Some of these soils are about neutral for grazing, for which it is fairly well in reaction throughout their profile suited. Small nonstony areas on the smoother slopes are often tilled but are (Vista sandy loam) ; some have calcare- ous subsoils; and some are calcareous subject to considerable erosion. This type throughout the profile. Those having of land is not adapted to commercial tim- neutral profiles are classed as Noncalcic ber production. The Storie-Index rating Brown soils, those having neutral surface on the smoother lands is 20 to 60 per soils and calcareous subsoils are classed cent, and on the steep stony lands is 5 to as Calcic Brown soils, and those that are 15 per cent. calcareous throughout as Rendzina. Soils of this group are classified and This is an extensive group in Califor- tabulated in table 17. A landscape, typical nia comprising 15,300,000 acres. Lassen of rolling foothills in lower Madera and soils are located in Modoc, Siskiyou, Las- Tulare counties appear in figure 29. A sen, and Shasta counties; Vista soils in profile of Vista sandy loam is shown in southern California and in the lower figure 30. i^SfciiiSi^^ ' ' '' • " ' ' "•. , , Fig. 29. Landscape of Vista sandy loam (group En), typical of rolling foothills in lower Madera and Tulare counties. [43] II OS "5 x CO o O WO 2° o3 C o '•3 o s* -8 * M H> O •s.s « CO 2 O « g M M R.O. 1'Ei 2r> as •^ ci> CO et? CO ;p* ^"3 s| M jo co S O & CO >» w = ° O2 f- .3 S ll o o 0> > o £ I 4) Q. -5 «? *o = a - « 1 Q CO A O co '43 '3 o ? o o n n ' FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. ^>on Soil Type VU<, ^ I °~p ^ovrrU^rn. (Lc*)j$or*\~*^ Location . -£pg*HV»/fc "fo Geographical I nndsrnpe roll?** *»'^V ~i*oTa"<4 , J< Elevation 3«T>-^goo» slope 7 - .3-Q^o ' Frosion 7W Groundwater deep Drainage jo*c Alkali *o*» Mode of Formation^Formation Parent Material. -3r<*** \ -f »'c /"oc-ACs Clim Grwpr o«>C-y Variations, etc. depth ^TQ bedrocKj S>Up^_ Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. S«S\nJit lOrovo*\ •fr-i^bk n«t4^>->*( •aC>/* 04J*\ UJ. /oe«{r*\ r^e«i»'c^U o*.*>\ 36". 48_ al Land. Division Foiling upland ^ yrxcCi^h^ ~f-g.)c'f-<<<-e. Fig. 30. Soil description and profile of Vista sandy loam, typical woodland-grass, upland soil of group En. [45] Ex Residual soils of very 1 shallow depth to bedrock M +» a> The soils in this category are shallow §3 >» >» g a an e9 o3 Oo3 Oo3 and are found in scattered areas in the « s » s >>o3 >» 03 >» >. p-s d O p o d d Coast Range Mountains and in the Sierra W Q»~* o o +»O^ +» 4* +» Nevada Mountains. They are normally CO CO CO CO covered with brush. The dominant soils of the group are Maymen stony loam, a W .2 CO CD Podzolic Lithosol, derived from sedi- M -a CD §1 CO mentary rock; Tuscan stony clay loam, '8 CO co W CD " 03 o3 a Noncalcic Brown Lithosol, derived from CD Ent/2 03 3% basic igneous rock; and Henneke stony -* w clay loam, a Calcic Brown Lithosol de- k TJ CO rived from Serpentine rock. These soils _. CO CO CO cS o r* M are not adapted to timber nor to agricul- "C o O o S O o iH tural purposes because of their very shal- CO S3 >» (-1 X ! CD O o3 o3 low depth, steep slopes, and stony tex- CD © 3 4a Q. d CO CD tures. They are rated as very low for o. d .1 3 Q O 0) a grazing purposes. The Storie-Index rat- Pi g 'co '•B £ 9 o3 co CD ing of these soils is 2 to 8 per cent. M CO .Q CO CO o V "5 Soils of this group are classified and a> x S3 tabulated in table 18. A profile of May- men stony loam is shown in figure 31; >» o3 and steep, brush-covered lands, in a d > c3 5 g o figure 33. fc a g O O Xi o3 bo P d (A <3 < EC oi . . '5 lO * o> • UNMAPPED DESERT SOILS i 15 f-c Soils of this category are found in the D CO TJ o =3 CO "o3 O very low rainfall zone (1 to 3 inches an- *3» a) o3 to nually) of the Mojave and Colorado des- -Qrd o3 co Pi erts. The characteristic vegetation is cre- "o3O o -1 w osote bush. X r CO CO Ul o to n CO O 'o Alluvial soils in the region are classed .2 CO CO 1 -P 0) CO -a P. ,P i2 as: Ac (alluvial fan and flood plain soils -as CO CO 1 P o M O CO of desert region) ; Acw (wind modified Ul 1* 1 O J Q 2 o o *o £ soils) ; Ccy (terrace and old alluvial CO xj 5p (H 'o d X5 ft . < CD 1 plain soils) ; and Ex (upland residual H o M S* g la a o3 co o soils classed as Desert Lithosois). The 5 •p:P "ol 'o soils are of light color, low organic con- Is ? CO ,d a CO a co p3 043 tent, and high lime content. There is no % >>o >> 0) ^ S >> 0) J-i o3 •- s- o3 co M CD co ,d CD agriculture without irrigation in this re- O > > CO > gion. Probable soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 19. d "o oCO o xi d +» I fl-g cS Oo o o 0) O 3 55 o M o 23 So •J o.d 03 43 o •X -!-> O *» s^ N T3 *a g^ ^3 M O o B o PL« [46] ^ FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils no. £x Mcxlu Soil Type n* m g-rt. I oatn. n~far Location norPlnorfhxo?31^pt^nl Cp^s-7 3rtepiij up I and Geographical Landscape ^ /P'^tf *% FlPuntinn ffoo-4flOO' Slope ^b - / &0 .Erosion HjoJej^DL. +° ^e^e^e. Groundwater Drainage eycg35>^€ runoff Alkali none Mode Of Formntion Drtn\c*i~Lf _Parent Material ^edi'menTarcj rocK Climate usua.llJ A-o- c/t Natural Cover cA<*/nygg- Present Use mw U?*Ci^c*s^c/ Series - Group_^ - H*.^ _Soil Region J- Profile Group V77T Great Soil Group "Pa Variations, etc. ^pTT ero5^a Profile Compact- Miscellaneous Sketch Color Texture Structure ness Reaction Roots, Concretions Density Permeability, etc. J^JTi '7 uiM ^1 b>«^ 36'L 1 .'.. .X' /Tl 48"_ &O— /^~\~~\. 60" Natural Land Division ~^~ v ( £TF^ Ikl7I ' Soil Wing (Stork Index ) 2o X ~7Q X ?>0 X ^O = 3 ft> Grade <£_ Productivity: Irrigated Crops. V\er\t- Range v/grn /o«*> Nonirrigated Crops n o**. .Timber. no. Adaptation liTArttr^^d Soil Management Fig. 31 . Soil description and profile of Maymen stony loam, typical brushland soil of group Ex. [47] I! Qo C bo oS CO 0) -^ «3 s ._ o S O P! * S *> g bo o *E _ £ ® .2 £ S o 7J O Q £ Ah C4 C 8 Uu o Q © aft D E i c8 ^j ll bo bo 3 •J 73 5 « 0> > a> o a> « — XS •22 3 2 <» to "g ^ C JS b 3 c 9 £ «§ a 3 g £ J w M U Q w M *0 1 o :M » I*3 n a bo e9 "3 13 Q COS .a -3 gl I- bo 2^ • • >> eo O>» aH o (6 £ i i oCD ed §'3 bo eo CO p 'C HI HI CD T3 co HI -r* CD •S 8 ^ CD IN o(h «HI ^ CO © OS CD en CO co O • - eD S2 p a s o V O, CD CO (H M O s-h Pi o!3 CD o n V i-i CD O p CD J2 Hi CD CO CO CD :< T3 P •FH N CD <*> CD CD bo CD 45 CD CO CO CD -H> ej p HI CO * P 73 CD eg 2 "e3 P '3.2 eo •13 Pi Pi bo ° fcL CD o ea •g CD bO CD +3 P W* CO £ HI p p CO CD CO o •" bo * rt CO CO CO CD p * u ^3 -OT3 g< « a 3 2 H too IH l-l > '3 H a a 02 s n TJ "2 M ; a fl 2 Hi |H a S2* > > p H 'S » 3 a a > >» fc * 15 ++ n bo B > "3 > > > 1 ih" i-r a" B a 3in M IH IH C Xi M p P > > > p > > a -I H o1 Hi 1 1 HI £ CD p "ed CD CO O •3 CHI UJ P — § > > > > a h-l hH l-H hH H a h-l p ea H H H B •fi 6 n h-l h-l ea > '3. s^" > > > > > i-^ s i-i l-l t—i > hH hH 43 hH h-l a p > l-H > > fc" H-l B9 B s h^ h-T h-l B Sh* 0) it h-l > > "3 cs a B hH > O M . a > > h-T B h-l h-l > > ill lis p l-H -++e^ 1-T hH l-H h-l hH l-l > p > > p l-H > > > p V u s ti c H 3o 0> o to* o 'o M CO P ,p 6 CO CO P i CO CO P o '3 3 CO u CO • 1-1 CO ea CO O CO Oi CO p CO o p ea £eo CD ea prp TJ P Pi CO TJ bo CO hi 1 >» e8 ,p p 0> ja CO d TJ ^ +2 « g o O w c3 CD p CD 2 CO CO p as CO :P o P P 1 p CO la SI CD TJ CO i2 CO c ea *P p '3 ea CO ill hi l "eS S-i > >> i.~ +; >> 5J)p bo bo p CO bo 5S3oc P TJ ho p « J TJ T) & _^ ^^^§ > «H > p hi «8 c8 p p CD i 1 1 CO CO - 4) Xi ,p CO tj P •Ptj CO >> CO .5 CO CO TJ p TJ V o CO l-H eel :ptj TJ p P CO x) CD o TJ O "3 O eel bo > cog CO P P i ^ CO Pi hi o to CD -4^ CD TJ~ Tj" •P Pi «o ^* o u o Xi P P ea CO CD eej O ^ CO S-l Si3 ^ Jh CO CO P 1 1 ea CD Pi ert CD CD CD Pi %, 'El p § ° -d TJ .P P P P P P •5 to ^> 13 >>•« to Po,SjSS di*0 rt 42 ^> In preparing this map, information on the valley lands was obtained from detailed soil-survey reports, and valuable information on the broad upland areas was obtained from the State Vegetation Survey and the State Forest Survey. The upland soils groups have been found to follow closely vegetative type boundaries. Co-operative Extension work in Agriculture and Home Economics, College of Agriculture, University of California, and United States Department of Agriculture cooperating. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8, and June 30, 1914. J. Earl Coke, Director, California Agricultural Extension Service. 5m-3,'53(A3436)M.H. Unmapped Desert Soi Is. Light colored, calcareous. Very low rainfoil (22,000,000 acres) GENERALIZED SOIL MAP OF CALIFORNIA SCALE IN MILES R. Earl Storie ier keley Ca lif or nia , WaHer W. Weir April 1951 DIVISION OF SOILS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • COLLEGE OF AGRICULTU RE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Selling price $ .9709 State sales tax 0291 Total price SI.00