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PARASITOFAUNA EM Mugil Curema EM ÁGUAS ESTUARINAS, NO LITORAL NORTE DE SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL

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PARASITOFAUNA EM Mugil Curema EM ÁGUAS ESTUARINAS, NO LITORAL NORTE DE SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA – UDESC CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGROVETERINÁRIAS – CAV PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIA ANIMAL TESE DE DOUTORADO PARASITOFAUNA EM Mugil curema EM ÁGUAS ESTUARINAS, NO LITORAL NORTE DE SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL. JULIANO SANTOS GUERETZ JULIANO SANTOS GUERETZ Parasitofauna em Mugil curema em águas estuarinas, no litoral norte de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciência Animal. Orientador: Prof. PhD. Antonio Pereira de Souza Coorientador: Prof. PhD. Maurício Laterça Martins Lages SC 2018 RESUMO A parasitofauna de mugilídeos tem sido estudada ao longo do tempo e do espaço, no litoral brasileiro, principalmente em regiões estuarinas e lagunares. O objetivo desta investigação foi estudar a parasitofauna de Mugil curema no litoral norte de Santa Catarina, mais especificamente no Rio Parati, município de Araquari, região sul do Brasil. O Rio Parati e sua fauna sofrem influência antrópica, resultado de uma área conurbada com população de mais de 500.000 habitantes, exploração industrial metal mecânica, agrosilvopastorial e portuária. Um total de 282 peixes foram examinados, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017. De 132 peixes foram retirados amostras de sangue, para análises hematológicas, a fim de estabelecer relações entre parâmetros hematológicos e índices parasitários. Os peixes foram necropsiados para estabelecimento da prevalência da parasitofauna e relações entre esta e a biometria, parâmetros hematológicos, sazonalidade e gênero sexual. A prevalência de parasitos em M. curema foi de 96,81%. Os dados de biometria resultaram numa correlação considerada muito forte entre comprimento e massa corporal, porém não apresentaram correlação com índices parasitológicos. Não foi significativa a diferença entre os descritores parasitológicos e os parâmetros hematológicos nos peixes pesquisados. Não houve sazonalidade nos índices parasitológicos no período estudado. A diferença nos descritores parasitológicos entre os gêneros sexuais não foi significativa. Foram identificados os parasitos Neoechinorhynchus curemai (Acanthocephala), Ergasilus lizae e Lernaeenicus longiventris (Crustacea) e Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa e Xiha fastigata (Trematoda). A parasitofauna e a hematologia de M. curema, capturados no Rio Parati mostraram um comportamento próprio quando comparado com resultados, de outros estudos, em outros locais, no litoral brasileiro. Palavras-chave: Ictioparasitologia. Mugilídeos. Parati. Rio Parati. ABSTRACT The parasitofauna of mugilids has been studied along time and space, in the Brazilian coast, mainly in estuarine and lagoon regions. The objective of the scientific investigation was to study the parasitofauna of M. curema in the North Coast of Catarinense, more specifically in the Parati River, located in the municipality of Araquari, southern region of Brazil. The Parati River and its fauna suffers anthropic influence, resulting from a conurbated area with population of more than 500.000 inhabitants, industrial exploitation of metal mechanics, agrosilvopastoral and port. A total of 282 specimens of M. curema were fished exclusively in the Parati River from November 2015 to October 2017. Of 132 samples were collected for hematological analysis to establish possible relationships. The fish were necropsied to establish the prevalence of their parasitofauna and its relation to biometry, hematological parameters, seasonality and sexual gender. The prevalence of parasites in M. curema was 96.81%. The biometry data resulted in a correlation considered very strong between length and body mass, but did not present correlation with parasitological indices. The difference between the parasitological descriptors and the haematological parameters in the fishes was not significant. There was no seasonality in the parasitological indexes during the period studied. The difference in parasitological descriptors between the sexes was not significant. Neoechinorhynchus curemai parasites of the phylum Acanthocephala, Ergasilus lizae and Lernaeenicus longiventris of the subphylum Crustacea and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa and Xiha fastigata of the Trematoda class were identified. Keywords: Ichthyoparasitology. Mugilids. Parati. Rio Parati. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 - Rio Parati, Araquari, SC, Brasil...........................................................................12 Figura 2 - Mugil curema.......................................................................................................14 Figura 3 - Exemplares macho (menor) e fêmea (maior) Neoechinorhynchus curemai, obtidos de Mugil curema capturado no Rio Parati, Araquari, SC, em agosto de 2017.....................................................................................................................18 Figura 4 - Fêmea de Ergasilus lizae, parasito de Mugil curema capturado no Rio Parati, Araquari, SC, em julho de 2017..........................................................................20 Figura 5 - Fêmea de Lernaeenicus longiventris, parasito de Mugil curema capturado no Rio Parati, Araquari, SC, em março de 2017.............................................................22 Figura 6 - Cisto contendo metacercária de Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, parasito de Mugil curema capturado no Rio Parati, Araquari, SC, julho de 2017...........................24 Figura 7 - Xiha fastigata parasito de Mugil curema capturado no Rio Parati, Araquari, SC, setembro de 2017.................................................................................................26 Figura 8 - Extensão sanguínea de Mugil curema.................................................................27 Figura 9 - Localização geográfica do Rio Parati..................................................................31 Figura 10 - Biometria de Mugil curema …............................................................................33 Figura 11 - Espécimes de Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017.................................................................37 Figura 12 - Gráfico de dispersão entre as medidas de comprimento total e massa de Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017................................................................................................................39 Figura 13 - Abundância e intensidade parasitária média de Neoechinorhynchus curemai em Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017...................................................................................................41 Figura 14 - Abundância e intensidade parasitária média de Ergasilus lizae em Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017.....................................................................................................................41 Figura 15 - Abundância e intensidade parasitária média de Lernaeenicus longiventris em Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017...................................................................................................42 Figura 16 - Abundância e intensidade parasitária média de cistos contendo metacercárias de Ascoocotyle (Phagicola) longa em tecido hepático (5 g) de Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017.....................................................................................................................42 Figura 17 - Abundância e intensidade parasitária média de cisto contendo metacercárias de Ascoocotyle (Phagicola) longa em amostra de tecido muscular (5 g) de Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017................................................................................................................43 Figura 18 - Abundância e intensidade parasitária média de Xiha fastigata em Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017.....................................................................................................................43 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 - Prevalência de Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa em mugilídeos, no litoral brasileiro................................................................................................................25 Tabela 2 - Temperatura, teor de oxigênio dissolvido, salinidade e pH da água superficial do Rio Parati, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017............................................37 Tabela 3 - Biometria, média e desvio padrão, de Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017........................................38 Tabela 4 - Prevalência parasitária de Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017..............................................................39 Tabela 5 - Intensidade parasitária média de Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017........................................40 Tabela 6 - Abundância parasitária media de Mugil curema capturados no Rio Parati, Araquari SC, de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2017........................................40 Tabela 7 - Hemograma e proteína plasmática total, média
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