DOCSLIB.ORG

Bioindicators of Water Quality, Quick Reference Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bioindicators of Water Quality, Quick Reference Guide PURDUE EXTENSION 4-H-1019 Bioindicators of Water Quality Quick–Reference Guide Authors: Julie Speelman and Natalie Carroll | Photographer (unless otherwise noted): Julie Speelman | Design and Layout: Jennifer Mazonas This publication shows aquatic insects that can be used as Biotic Water Quality Degree of Organic bioindicators of water quality in Indiana waterways. Bioindicators are biological systems that are sensitive to environmental changes and, Index Rating Pollution therefore, can indicate when pollution is present in the water. organic pollution 0.00–3.75 excellent unlikely A tolerance score is included for each insect in this publication. The slight organic tolerance score, ranging from 0–10, represents the insect’s sensitivity 3.76–4.25 very good pollution possible to pollution and can be used to estimate the quality of the water in which the insect was found. Insects with a score of 0 are intolerant some organic to pollution, meaning they cannot tolerate any water pollution, while 4.26–5.00 good pollution probable insects with a score of 10 are very tolerant of polluted water. fairly substantial 5.01–5.75 fair Materials Needed pollution likely • dip net substantial 5.76–6.50 fairly poor • white plastic pail, bowl, or dishpan (Note: The white color makes it easier pollution likely to see the insects.) • 2–3 white styrofoam egg cartons or plastic ice cube trays 6.51–7.25 poor very substantial • data sheet—available online at: www.four-h.purdue.edu/natural_ pollution likely resources/ (select “Resources for Educators” and “Bioindicators”) severe organic 7.26–10.0 very poor Instructions pollution likely • Locate a body of water (e.g., stream, pond, lake) to sample. The water should only be at most knee deep and allow easy access for Assessing the Water Quality of a Site obtaining the sample. Make sure you have permission to sample the For each insect family group: water. • Record the number of insects found for each species listed. • Dip the pail in the water to be sampled. • Multiply the Tolerance Value by the Number Found, and enter the • Collect insect samples from all habitats within a 200-foot section result under Family Tolerance Score. of that body of water, and place them in the pail. Jab your dip • Sum the Number Found and Family Tolerance Score columns (Order net against the vegetation and into mud or sand at the bottom to Totals). collect insects. Scrape the underside of rocks and logs into the net. • Collect insects for 45 minutes. For each insect order: • Using the ice cube tray, sort the insects that look the same into the • Transfer the Order Totals to the Order Summary section. different compartments of the tray using your hand or forceps. Be • Sum the Number Found and Order Tolerance Score columns sure to put some water in the ice cube tray first to keep the insects (Grand Total). from drying out. • Determine the Biotic Index by dividing the Grand Total Tolerance • Use the bioindicator flash cards or quick reference guide to identify Score by the Grand Total Number Found. the insects. Record the number of insects from each insect family you • Use the biotic index in the table provided to estimate the water identify on the data sheet. quality rating and degree of organic pollution. • Place the insects back in the water when you are finished. • Complete the calculations described in the next section to determine the quality rating. Resources • Hoosier Riverwatch (provides training on this and many other water- • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) related topics): http://www.in.gov/dnr/nrec/3046.htm • About Biological Integrity and Indicators: • Volunteer Stream Monitoring Training Manual (download, 13.7 MB): www.epa.gov/bioindicators/html/about.html http://www.in.gov/dnr/nrec/files/nc-Riverwatch_Manual.pdf; Chapter 5 • Invertebrates as Indicators (look for Bugs as Indicators of Water Quality): covers biological monitoring. www.epa.gov/bioindicators/html/invertebrate.html • Hoosier Riverwatch events calendar: http://www.in.gov/dnr/nrec/ • Bugguide.net (hosted by Iowa State University Entomology): www.bugguide.net Coleoptera 6 pale forms Beetles 8 red forms 4 4 Gyrinidae (larvae) Psephenidae (larvae) Chironomidae 5 Whirligig Beetle Water Penny Non-biting Midge Dryopidae Long-toed Water Beetle Diptera Flies 4 2 8 Gyrinidae (adult) Culicidae 5 Whirligig Beetle Mosquito Dytiscidae (larvae) Predaceous Diving Beetle Athericidae Aquatic Snipe Fly 7 0 1 Dixidae Haliplidae (larvae) Dixid Midge 5 Crawling Water Beetle Dytiscidae (adult) 6 Predaceous Diving Beetle Blephariceridae Net-winged Midge 7 Empididae Haliplidae (adult) Aquatic Dance Fly 5 Crawling Water Beetle Elmidae (larvae) Riffle Beetle 6 Ceratopogonidae Biting Midge 5 6 8 Ephydridae Hydrophilidae (larvae) Shore Fly 5 Water Scavenger Beetle Elmidae (adult) 6 Riffle Beetle Chaoboridae Phantom Midge 5 Muscidae Hydrophilidae (adult) House Fly, Stable Fly, Water Scavenger Beetle Green Bottle Fly 3 4 10 4 Psychodidae Tipulidae Ephemeridae Potamanthidae Moth Fly Crane Fly Common Burrowing Mayfly Hacklegill Mayfly Ephemeroptera 4 7 Mayflies 6 Sciomyzidae Heptageniidae Siphlonuridae Marsh Fly Flat-headed Mayfly Primitive Minnow Mayfly 4 Hemiptera Baetidae Small Minnow Mayfly Aquatic Bugs 6 2 10 Simuliidae Isonychiidae Black Fly Brushed-legged Mayfly 3 Baetiscidae Belostomatidae Armored Mayfly Giant Water Bug 8 7 4 Stratiomyidae Leptohyphidae Soldier Fly Little Stout Crawler Mayfly 9 Caenidae Corixidae Small Square-gill Mayfly Water Boatman 10 1 2 Syrphidae Leptophlebiidae Rattailed Maggot Prong-gilled Mayfly Undetermined Ephemerellidae Gelastocoridae Spiny Crawler Mayfly Toad Bug 6 2 Tabanidae Polymitarcyidae Horse Fly, Deer Fly Pale Burrowing Mayfly Undetermined Megaloptera Alderflies, Dobsonflies, Undetermined and Fishflies Gerridae Notonectidae Water Strider Backswimmer 0 Undetermined Photo: Dr. Jonathan Neal Photo: Dr. Corydalidae Undetermined Dobsonfly Hebridae Pleidae Velvet Water Bug Pygmy Backswimmer Undetermined 4 Photo: Dr. Jonathan Neal Photo: Dr. Sialidae 9 Undetermined Alderfly Coenagrionidae Narrow-winged Damselfly Hydrometridae Saldidae Water Measurer Shore Bug Odonata Undetermined 6 Damselflies and Dragonflies 1 Gomphidae Mesoveliidae Veliidae Club-tailed Dragonfly Water Treader Broad-shouldered Water Strider Lepidoptera 3 Aeshnidae Aquatic Moths Darner 9 5 Lestidae Naucoridae Spread-winged Damselfly Creeping Water Bug 8 5 5 Pyralidae Calopterygidae Aquatic Caterpillar Broad-winged Damselfly 7 Libellulidae Photo: Dr. Jonathan Neal Photo: Dr. Nepidae Common Skimmer Water Scorpion Plecoptera Trichoptera 4 Stoneflies Caddisflies 4 Hydropsychidae Limnephilidae 1 1 Common Net Spinner Caddisfly Northern Casemaker Caddisfly Capniidae Brachycentridae Small Winter Stonefly Humpless Casemaker Caddisfly 0 4 3 Hydroptilidae Philopotamidae Micro Caddisfly Finger Net Caddisfly 0 Leuctridae Glossosomatidae 4 Roll-winged Stonefly Saddle Casemaker Caddisfly 2 1 Lepidostomatidae Phryganeidae 3 Lepidostomatid Casemaker Giant Casemaker Caddisfly Nemouridae Helicopsychidae Brown Stonefly Snail Casemaker Caddisfly 4 Leptoceridae Long Horned Casemaker 1 Perlidae Common Stonefly 0 Pteronarcyidae Giant Stonefly 2 Perlodidae Patterned Stonefly 2 Taeniopterygidae Winter Stonefly Using this guide with the data sheets Coleoptera (Beetles) Family Tolerance Number Family Tolerance Coleoptera Value Found Score Beetles Dryopidae 5 0 0 Dytiscidae 5 2 10 Elmidae 5 0 0 Gyrinidae 4 0 0 Haliplidae 7 0 0 Hydrophilidae 5 3 15 5 Psephenidae 4 0 0 Dryopidae Long-toed Water Beetle Order Total 5 25 5 Dytiscidae (larvae) Predaceous Diving Beetle Order Summary Order Total Number Found Order Tolerance Coleoptera 5 25 Diptera 6 38 5 Ephemeroptera 8 28 Hemiptera 5 27 Dytiscidae (adult) Predaceous Diving Beetle Lepidoptera 2 0 Megaloptera 0 0 Odonata 3 13 Tolerance Plecoptera 0 0 Common Value Trichoptera 6 24 Name Family Grand Total 35 155 Name Biotoic Index = [Grand Total Tolerance] / [Grand Total Number Found] = 155/35 = 4.43 PURDUE AGRICULTURE Produced by Agricultural Communication 08/12 It is the policy of the Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service that all persons have equal opportunity and access to its educational programs, services, activities, and facilities without regard to race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or ancestry, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, disability or status as a veteran. Purdue University is an Affirmative Action institution. This material may be available in alternative formats. Order or download materials at the Purdue Extension Education Store • www.the-education-store.com.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Two Additional Invasive Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Entomology Museum, University of Nebraska State 12-2009 Two Additional Invasive Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii Mary Liz Jameson Wichita State University, [email protected] Darcy E. Oishi 2Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, Honolulu, [email protected] Brett C. Ratcliffe University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Grant T. McQuate USDA-ARS-PBARC, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers Part of the Entomology Commons Jameson, Mary Liz; Oishi, Darcy E.; Ratcliffe, Brett C.; and McQuate, Grant T., "Two Additional Invasive Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii" (2009). Papers in Entomology. 147. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers/147 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. AProcddition. HawaiianAl inv AEsiventomol scA.r SAocbs. in(2009) HAwA 41:25–30ii 25 Two Additional Invasive Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii Mary Liz Jameson1, Darcy E. Oishi2, Brett C. Ratcliffe3, and Grant T. McQuate4 1Wichita State University, Department of Biological Sciences, 537 Hubbard Hall, Wichita, Kansas 67260 [email protected]; 2Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 South King St., Honolulu, HI 96814 [email protected]; 3University of Nebraska State Museum, Systematics Research Collections, W436 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 [email protected]; 4USDA-ARS-PBARC, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects
    © 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects Devina Seram and Yendrembam K Devi Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab Introduction Insect Adaptations An adaptation is an environmental change so an insect can better fit in and have a better chance of living. Insects are modified in many ways according to their environment. Insects can have adapted legs, mouthparts, body shapes, etc. which makes them easier to survive in the environment that they live in and these adaptations also help them get away from predators and other natural enemies. Here are some adaptations in the immature stages of important families of Hemiptera. Hemiptera are hemimetabolous exopterygotes with only egg and nymphal immature stages and are divided into two sub-orders, homoptera and heteroptera. The immature stages of homopteran families include Delphacidae, Fulgoridae, Cercopidae, Cicadidae, Membracidae, Cicadellidae, Psyllidae, Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Phylloxeridae, Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Diaspididae and heteropteran families Notonectidae, Corixidae, Belastomatidae, Nepidae, Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae, Cimicidae, Reduviidae, Pentatomidae, Lygaeidae, Coreidae, Tingitidae, Miridae will be discussed. Homopteran families 1. Delphacidae – Eg. plant hoppers They comprise the largest family of plant hoppers and are characterized by the presence of large, flattened spurs at the apex of their hind tibiae. Eggs are deposited inside plant tissues, elliptical in shape, colourless to whitish. Nymphs are similar in appearance to adults except for size, colour, under- developed wing pads and genitalia. 2. Fulgoridae – Eg. lantern bugs They can be recognized with their antennae inserted on the sides & beneath the eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Insetos Do Brasil
    COSTA LIMA INSETOS DO BRASIL 2.º TOMO HEMÍPTEROS ESCOLA NACIONAL DE AGRONOMIA SÉRIE DIDÁTICA N.º 3 - 1940 INSETOS DO BRASIL 2.º TOMO HEMÍPTEROS A. DA COSTA LIMA Professor Catedrático de Entomologia Agrícola da Escola Nacional de Agronomia Ex-Chefe de Laboratório do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz INSETOS DO BRASIL 2.º TOMO CAPÍTULO XXII HEMÍPTEROS ESCOLA NACIONAL DE AGRONOMIA SÉRIE DIDÁTICA N.º 3 - 1940 CONTEUDO CAPÍTULO XXII PÁGINA Ordem HEMÍPTERA ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Superfamília SCUTELLEROIDEA ............................................................................................................ 42 Superfamília COREOIDEA ............................................................................................................................... 79 Super família LYGAEOIDEA ................................................................................................................................. 97 Superfamília THAUMASTOTHERIOIDEA ............................................................................................... 124 Superfamília ARADOIDEA ................................................................................................................................... 125 Superfamília TINGITOIDEA .................................................................................................................................... 132 Superfamília REDUVIOIDEA ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Haliplidae: Haliplus) with Descriptions of Three New Species
    Bernhard J. van VONDEL1, Mogens HOLMEN2 & Pyotr N. PETROV3 1Natuurmuseum Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Hillerød, Denmark 3Moscow South–West Gymnasium, Russia REVIEW OF THE PALAEARCTIC AND ORIENTAL SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS HALIPLUS S.STR. (COLEOPTERA: HALIPLIDAE: HALIPLUS) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES Vondel, B.J. van, M. Holmen & P. N. Petrov, 2006. Review�������������������������������������� of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the subgenus Haliplus s.str. (Coleoptera: Haliplidae: Haliplus) with descriptions of three new species. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 149: 227-273, figs. 1-231. [issn 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 2006. The species considered to belong to the subgenus Haliplus Latreille, 1802 and known to occur in the Palaearctic region are reviewed. Latreille’s selection of Dytiscus impressus Fabricius, 1787 as [misidentified] type species, is amended in the sense of the nominal species and not the misidentified identity, following iczn article 70.3.1. Dytiscus impressus is here formally selected as type species for Cnemidotus Illiger, 1802 and Hoplitus Clairville, 1806. Three new species are described: Haliplus (Haliplus) fuscicornis Holmen, Van Vondel & Petrov sp.n., H. kirgisiensis Holmen & Van Vondel sp.n. and H. turkmenicus Van Vondel sp.n.. Lectotypes are designated for H. ruficollis var. pedemontanus Fiori, H. lineolatus Mannerheim, H. brevis Wehncke, H. fluviatilis var. maculatus Seidlitz and H. minutus Takizawa. Three new synonymies are estab- lished: H. brevior Nakane, junior synonym of H. japonicus Sharp, H. fluviatilis var. maculatus Seidlitz, junior synonym of H. ruficollis (De Geer) and H. minutus Takizawa, junior synonym of H. simplex Clark. All species are described and figured. A key to the species is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Beetles
    Ireland Red List No. 1 Water beetles Ireland Red List No. 1: Water beetles G.N. Foster1, B.H. Nelson2 & Á. O Connor3 1 3 Eglinton Terrace, Ayr KA7 1JJ 2 Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Northern Ireland 3 National Parks & Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage & Local Government Citation: Foster, G. N., Nelson, B. H. & O Connor, Á. (2009) Ireland Red List No. 1 – Water beetles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Cover images from top: Dryops similaris (© Roy Anderson); Gyrinus urinator, Hygrotus decoratus, Berosus signaticollis & Platambus maculatus (all © Jonty Denton) Ireland Red List Series Editors: N. Kingston & F. Marnell © National Parks and Wildlife Service 2009 ISSN 2009‐2016 Red list of Irish Water beetles 2009 ____________________________ CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 3 NOMENCLATURE AND THE IRISH CHECKLIST................................................................................................ 3 COVERAGE .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Viewed Erature to Ensure the Most Up-To-Date Treatment with Caution, P~Rticularlyamong Older Literature
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 39-114. December 9, 1997 SPECIES CATALOG OF THE NEUROPTERA, MEGALOPTERA, AND RAPHIDIOPTERA OF AMERlCA NORTH OF MEXICO Norman D. Penny Department ofE~ztorizolog)~,Caldornla Acndony oJ'Sc~erzces, San Fmnc~sco,CA 941 18 Phillip A. Adams Ccllg'rnia State Utzivet-sity, F~lllet-ton,CA 92634 and Lionel A. Stange Florida Depat>tnzen/oj'Agt.~czi/trrre, Gr~~nesv~/le, FL 32602 Thc 399 currently recognized valid species of the orders Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera that are known to occur in America north of Mexico are listed and full synonymies given. Geographical distributions are listed by states and province\. Complete bibliographic references are given for all namcs and nomenclatural acts. Included are two new Junior homonyms indicated, seven new taxonomic cornbinations, two new changes of rank, fourteen new synonymies, three new lectotype de\ignations, and onc new name. Received March 20,1996. Accepted June 3, 1997. The recent publication of Nomina Insecta been consulted whenever possible, as well as Nearctica, A Check List of the Insects of North Zoological Record, and appropriate mono- America (Poole 1996) has given us a listing of graphic revisions publishedup to 1 January 1997. North American Neuropterida (Neuroptera + A number of taxonomic changes are incorpo- Megaloptera + Raphidioptera) species for the rated into this catalog: there are two new Junior first tlme in more than a century. However, for homonyms indicated, seven new taxonomic anyone trying to identify these species, the litera- combinations, two new changes of rank. fourteen ture is scattered and obscure.
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain Pine Beetle Voltinism and Life History Characteristics Across Latitudinal and Elevational Gradients in the Western United States
    For. Sci. 60(3):434–449 FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/forsci.13-056 entomology & pathology Mountain Pine Beetle Voltinism and Life History Characteristics across Latitudinal and Elevational Gradients in the Western United States Barbara Bentz, James Vandygriff, Camille Jensen, Tom Coleman, Patricia Maloney, Sheri Smith, Amanda Grady, and Greta Schen-Langenheim Substantial genetic variation in development time is known to exist among mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) populations across the western United States. The effect of this variation on geographic patterns in voltinism (generation time) and thermal requirements to produce specific voltinism pathways have not been investigated. The influence of voltinism on fitness traits, body size, and sex ratio is also unclear. We monitored mountain pine beetle voltinism, adult body size, sex ratio, and air temperatures at sites across latitudinal and elevational gradients in the western United States. With the exception of two sites at the coolest and warmest locations, the number of days required to complete a generation was similar. Thermal units required to achieve a generation, however, were significantly less for individuals at the coolest sites. Evolved adaptations explain this pattern, including developmental rates and thresholds that serve to synchronize cohorts and minimize cold-sensitive life stages in winter. These same adaptations reduce the capacity of mountain pine beetle at the warmest sites to take full advantage of increased thermal units, limiting the capacity for bivoltinism within the current realized distribution. Temperature was not correlated with adult size and sex ratio, and size was greatest in host trees other than lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.).
    [Show full text]
  • A Bug on the Ocean Waves (Heteroptera, Gerridae, Halobates ESCHSCHOLTZ)1
    © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at A bug on the ocean waves (Heteroptera, Gerridae, Halobates ESCHSCHOLTZ)1 L. CHENG Abstract: Five species of Halobates are the only insects known to live on the open ocean. Here is a brief description of what they are, where to find them, some of their special adaptations and their origins. Key words: Gerridae, Halobates, Heteroptera, marine, ocean. Introduction scribed species (ANDERSEN & WEIR 2004). Most of the known gerrid species are fresh- Insects are ubiquitous on land but they water in habitat and can be found on ponds, are commonly thought to be completely ab- lakes, streams, rivers, waterfalls and even sent from the sea, which covers more than temporary rain-filled pools. However, some 70 % of the earth’s surface. This is actually 80 species are considered marine. These be- not quite true. A large variety of insects do long to 11 genera in 3 subfamilies: Trepo- occur in various marine environments batinae, Rhagadotarsinae, and Halobatinae, (CHENG 1976). In fact, marine representa- to which Halobates belongs. tives can be found in at least 20 orders of the Insecta (CHENG 2003), the most important The genus Halobates was created in 1822 being the Collembola, Heteroptera, Coleo- by ESCHSCHOLTZ for 3 insect species collect- ptera and Diptera (CHENG & FRANK 1993). ed during a circumnavigation expedition. Among the Gerromorpha (Heteroptera), Many new species were added during the marine species can be found in five of the subsequent years, some from major ocean six known families: Gerridae, Hebridae, basins and others from various near-shore Hermatobatidae, Mesoveliidae and Veli- habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Insect Pests in the Tropics - M
    TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. III - Biological Control of Insect Pests In The Tropics - M. V. Sampaio, V. H. P. Bueno, L. C. P. Silveira and A. M. Auad BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS IN THE TROPICS M. V. Sampaio Instituto de Ciências Agrária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil V. H. P. Bueno and L. C. P. Silveira Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil A. M. Auad Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil Keywords: Augmentative biological control, bacteria, classical biological control, conservation of natural enemies, fungi, insect, mite, natural enemy, nematode, predator, parasitoid, pathogen, virus. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Natural enemies of insects and mites 2.1. Entomophagous 2.1.1. Predators 2.1.2. Parasitoids 2.2. Entomopathogens 2.2.1. Fungi 2.2.2. Bacteria 2.2.3. Viruses 2.2.4. Nematodes 3. Categories of biological control 3.1. Natural Biological Control 3.2. Applied Biological Control 3.2.1. Classical Biological Control 3.2.2. Augmentative Biological Control 3.2.3. Conservation of Natural Enemies 4. Conclusions Glossary UNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Biological control is a pest control method with low environmental impact and small contamination risk for humans, domestic animals and the environment. Several success cases of biological control can be found in the tropics around the world. The classical biological control has been applied with greater emphasis in Australia and Latin America, with many success cases of exotic natural enemies’ introduction for the control of exotic pests. Augmentative biocontrol is used in extensive areas in Latin America, especially in the cultures of sugar cane, coffee, and soybeans.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan
    Journal of Bioresource Management Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 1 Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Shahbaz Chattha Women University Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh (AJK), [email protected] Abu Ul Hassan Faiz Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh (AJK), [email protected] Arshad Javid University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, [email protected] Irfan Baboo Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, [email protected] Inayat Ullah Malik The University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Entomology Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Chattha, M. S., Faiz, A. H., Javid, A., Baboo, I., & Malik, I. U. (2018). Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan, Journal of Bioresource Management, 5 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35691/JBM.8102.0081 ISSN: 2309-3854 online (Received: May 16, 2019; Accepted: Sep 19, 2019; Published: Jan 1, 2018) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan © Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]