Carl Friedrich Gauss

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Carl Friedrich Gauss Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), born Johann Friederich Carl Gauss, was a German mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. Considered the greatest mathematician of his time and as the equal of Archimedes and Newton, Gauss showed his genius early and made many of his important discoveries before he was twenty. His greatest work was done in the area of higher arithmetic and number theory; his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is one of the masterpieces of mathematical literature. Gauss was extremely careful and rigorous in all his work, insisting on a complete proof of any result before he would publish it. As a consequence, he made many discoveries that were not credited to him. However, his published works were enough to establish his reputation as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Gauss discovered early on the law of quadratic reciprocity and, independently of Legendre, the method of least squares. He showed that a regular polygon of n sides can be constructed using only compass and straight edge if n is of the form 2p(2q+1)(2r+1)..., where 2q + 1, 2r + 1,...are prime numbers. In 1801, following the discovery of the asteroid Ceres by Piazzi, Gauss calculated its orbit on the basis of very few accurate observations. He tested his method again successfully on the orbits of other asteroids and finally presented in his Theoria motus corporum celestium (1809). From 1821, Gauss was engaged by the governments of Hanover and Denmark in connection with geodetic survey work. This led to his extensive investigations in the theory of space curves and surfaces and his important contributions to differential geometry as well as to such practical results as his invention of the heliotrope, a device used to measure distances by means of reflected sunlight. Gauss was also interested in electric and magnetic phenomena and after about 1830 was involved in research in collaboration with Wilhelm Weber. In 1833, he invented the electric telegraph. He also made studies of terrestrial magnetism and electromagnetic theory. During the last years of his life, Gauss was concerned with topics now falling under the general heading of topology, which had not yet been developed at that time, and he correctly predicted that this subject would become of great importance in mathematics. “Carl Friedrich Gauss”. <http://www.answers.com/topic/carl-friedrich-gauss>. .

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From Abraham De Moivre to Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI) ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726 www.ijesi.org ||Volume 7 Issue 6 Ver V || June 2018 || PP 28-34 A Brief Historical Overview Of the Gaussian Curve: From Abraham De Moivre to Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss Edel Alexandre Silva Pontes1 1Department of Mathematics, Federal Institute of Alagoas, Brazil Abstract : If there were only one law of probability to be known, this would be the Gaussian distribution. Faced with this uneasiness, this article intends to discuss about this distribution associated with its graph called the Gaussian curve. Due to the scarcity of texts in the area and the great demand of students and researchers for more information about this distribution, this article aimed to present a material on the history of the Gaussian curve and its relations. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there were several mathematicians who developed research on the curve, including Abraham de Moivre, Pierre Simon Laplace, Adrien-Marie Legendre, Francis Galton and Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss. Some researchers refer to the Gaussian curve as the "curve of nature itself" because of its versatility and inherent nature in almost everything we find. Virtually all probability distributions were somehow part or originated from the Gaussian distribution. We believe that the work described, the study of the Gaussian curve, its history and applications, is a valuable contribution to the students and researchers of the different areas of science, due to the lack of more detailed research on the subject. Keywords - History of Mathematics, Distribution of Probabilities, Gaussian Curve. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- Date of Submission: 09-06-2018 Date of acceptance: 25-06-2018 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I.
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 5 (1978), 167-181 THE ASTRONOMICALWORK OF CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS(17774855) BY ERIC G, FORBES, UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH EH8 9JY This paper was presented on 3 June 1977 at the Royal Society of Canada's Gauss Symposium at the Ontario Science Centre in Toronto [lj. SUMMARIES Gauss's interest in astronomy dates from his student-days in Gattingen, and was stimulated by his reading of Franz Xavier von Zach's Monatliche Correspondenz... where he first read about Giuseppe Piazzi's discovery of the minor planet Ceres on 1 January 1801. He quickly produced a theory of orbital motion which enabled that faint star-like object to be rediscovered by von Zach and others after it emerged from the rays of the Sun. Von Zach continued to supply him with the observations of contemporary European astronomers from which he was able to improve his theory to such an extent that he could detect the effects of planetary perturbations in distorting the orbit from an elliptical form. To cope with the complexities which these introduced into the calculations of Ceres and more especially the other minor planet Pallas, discovered by Wilhelm Olbers in 1802, Gauss developed a new and more rigorous numerical approach by making use of his mathematical theory of interpolation and his method of least-squares analysis, which was embodied in his famous Theoria motus of 1809. His laborious researches on the theory of Pallas's motion, in whi::h he enlisted the help of several former students, provided the framework of a new mathematical formu- lation of the problem whose solution can now be easily effected thanks to modern computational techniques.
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Carl Friedrich Gauss Papers
G. Waldo Dunnington, who taught German at Northwestern State University from 1946 until his retirement in 1969, collected these resources over a thirty year period. Dunnington wrote Carl Friedrich Gauss, Titan of Science, the first complete biography on the scientific genius in 1955. Dunnington also wrote an Encyclopedia Britannica article on Gauss. He bequeathed his entire collection to the Cammie Henry Research Center at Northwestern. Titan of Science has recently been republished with additional material by Jeremy Gray and is available at the Mathematical Society of America ISBN: 0883855380 Gauss was appointed director of the University of Göttingen observatory and Professor. Among his other scientific triumphs, Gauss devised a method for the complete determination of the elements of a planet’s orbit from three observations. Gauss and Physicist Wilhelm Weber collaborated in 1833 to produce the electro-magnetic telegraph. They devised an alphabet and could transmit accurate messages of up to eight words a minute. The two men formulated fundamental laws and theories of magnetism. Gauss and his achievements are commemorated in currency, stamps and monuments across Germany. The Research Center holds many examples of these. After his death, a study of Gauss' brain revealed the weight to be 1492 grams with a cerebral area equal to 219,588 square centimeters, a size that could account for his genius Göttingen, the home of Gauss, and site of much of his research. Links to more material on Gauss: Dunnington's Encyclopedia Article Description of Dunnington Collection at the Research Center Gauss-Society, Göttingen Gauss, a Biography Gauß site (German) References for Gauss Nelly Cung's compilation of Gauss material http://www.gausschildren.org This web site gathers together information about the descendants of Carl Friedrich Gauss Contact Information: Cammie G.
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