Prevalence, Belief and Awareness of Preferring Traditional Healthcare System in Urban and Rural People of Noakhali District, Bangladesh

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Prevalence, Belief and Awareness of Preferring Traditional Healthcare System in Urban and Rural People of Noakhali District, Bangladesh Karmakar et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(9): 229-234 International Current http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol1Issue9/01.pdf Pharmaceutical Journal ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Prevalence, belief and awareness of preferring traditional healthcare system in urban and rural people of Noakhali district, Bangladesh *Palash Karmakar1, Muhammad Mazharul Islam1, Md. Golam Kibria1, Mohammad Salim Hossain1, Mohammad Mafruhi Sattar2 1Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh 2Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh ABSTRACT Healthcare systems contribute a major role in maintaining good health. The study was conducted to analyze the prevalence, belief and awareness of preferring traditional healthcare systems in urban and rural people of Noakhali district of Bangladesh. Data were collected randomly from 400 respondents aging 20 to 60 years by personal inter- viewing with a well structured questionnaire during October 20, 2011 to December 20, 2011. Study stated that, overall 79% of the respondents were found to feel comfortable in using traditional healthcare system whereas only 21% prefer the modern system. Urban people showed their belief mostly in homeopathy (23%), ayurvedic/unani (18%) and herbal medicine (17%) of traditional healthcare system whereas Kaviraji (27%), herbal medicine (18%) and spiritual healing (11%) were the systems on which rural people showed their much faith and belief for the treatment of different ailments. Jaundice and sexual problems were the two dominant disease conditions for which traditional healthcare systems were most preferred by the respondents. Beside these 68% of urban and 88% of rural as well as 57.64% of educated and 97.82% of uneducated respondents were not aware about the appropriate healthcare system for different diseases. Belief in no side effect and safe remedy, mass population of the study area preferred different traditional healthcare systems but most of them were not aware about the exact therapy. Key Words: Traditional healthcare system, belief, urban, rural, Noakhali. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION generations of people in many cases (Banglapedia, Healthcare system is a medical practice that pro- 2006). Practices of traditional medicine have been vides medical and other healthcare services to the adopted in different regions and cultures without people. Healthcare services differ in their attitude the equivalent advancement of international and idea as to the causes of disease, their therapeu- standards and methods for assessment. For primary tic approach of healing, treatment methods, health care, 80% population of some Asian and composition and preparation of drug products. The African countries, depend on traditional medicine existing healthcare system in Bangladesh can be and it is now a recognized system of medical generally classified into two as traditional and practice in this region and in some communities it modern systems (Banglapedia, 2006). has been used for thousands of years (WHO, 2008 and Banglapedia, 2006). Traditional system is an art of remedial based on traditional use of plants, animals or other natural Beside some Asian countries like India and China, origin, cultural behaviour, social practices, spiritual traditional system is now a modernized system and beliefs and superstitions of the present and earlier practiced side by side with modern allopathic medicine as an alternative and supplementary *Corresponding Author: system of medicine in Bangladesh. Now some of the Palash Karmakar, Lecturer Department of Pharmacy traditional medicines are prepared by using both Noakhali Science and Technology University indigenous and modern pharmaceutical technology Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh. under a strict quality control procedures. Ayurved- E-mail: [email protected] ic, unani, homeopathic, folk medicines etc. are Contact No.: +88 - 01717 03 69 68 © 2012 Karmakar et al.; licensee Saki Publishing Club. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use (including commercial use), distribution and reproduction of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and remain unaltered. practiced as traditional healthcare systems in identify the awareness and belief of mass people Bangladesh (Banglapedia, 2006). about their preferred medication system. Noakhali is one of the coastal and south-eastern Study Area districts of Bangladesh consisting of 9 upazilas, 5 The study was done among the people of Noakhali municipalities, 45 wards, 90 mahallas, 83 union district dividing in two groups as urban and rural parishads, 909 mouzas and 978 villages. Being area. Noakhali municipality, Choumuhani of exposed to the Bay of Bengal Noakhali is prone to Begumganj upazila, Kabirhat municipality and multiple hazards like high tidal bore, tornado, flood, town area of Senbag upazila were considered as cyclone etc. and some causes enormous destruction urban areas. On the other hand 95 Noakhali mouza (NCAP Bangladesh, 2012 and LGED Noakhali, of Noakhali sadar upazila, Eklashpur union of 2011). 60% people of this district live under poverty Begumganj upazila, Sonaimuri upazila, Subarna line of which 53% are landless poor (PRAN, 2009). Char upazila, Burrir char union of Hatia upazila Agriculture contributes about 40% of the regional were considered as rural part of the study area GDP where 80% of the populations are involved in during the survey (Ahmad, 2005). The areas were the sector. Fishing is also a dominant employment separated on the basis of infrastructure and socioe- for the extreme poor and poor people. Noakhali is conomic condition of the area. The study areas were ahead significantly in case of educational facilities as selected according to distance, easy travelling, and university, medical college, textile college, agricul- density of population to survey. tural institution etc. are available and 69.50% of total population are literate (LGED Noakhali, 2011). Sample Size For the study, the data were collected randomly The aim of this study was to investigate the preva- from 200 respondents in urban area and 200 from lence, belief and awareness on traditional healthcare rural area. So the sample size was 400. In both of the system to the people of urban and rural area of areas both male and female people were surveyed. Noakhali district of Bangladesh. Due to a coastal district with poverty but better rate of literacy have Data Collection made this district a choice of our study. It was not After preparing the questionnaire, primary data intended to measure the outcomes of traditional were collected from the target sites during October medicine use; rather it was designed to measure 20, 2011 to December 20, 2011. The respondents attitudes about the medicine of traditional systems were asked to verbally answer a structured ques- among the people. tionnaire. The primary data were collected from the respondents in face-to-face interview. The questions were asked systemically in a very simple manner MATERIALSMATERIALS AND AND METHODS METHODS and the information was recorded on the survey Study Design schedule. Study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence, belief and awareness on traditional healthcare Inclusion and exclusion criteria system to the people of urban and rural area of The respondents who were easily reachable, Noakhali district of Bangladesh by collecting both especially at bazaar, market, bus station, health qualitative and quantitative data randomly through institutions, physicians practice places and other a survey using a structured questionnaire as the crowdie places were included. On the other hand principal tool. The questionnaire was in three parts. people who were in house, at office and did not The first part gathered socio-demographic informa- cooperate for survey were excluded. Male respon- tion of respondents such as age distribution, gender, dents were more cooperative than female that’s why educational status and income level. The second majority of the respondents were male. Women who part collected information on general practice of showed restriction to conversation were excluded. various traditional healthcare systems in the study Children and very old people were also excluded area and the disease pattern for which respondents from the study. In the survey respondents’ age, use traditional system, whilst the third part tried to 230 Table 1: General belief (%) on preferring specific traditi- onal system of the respondents in urban and rural area. Urban (n1= 200) Rural (n2= 200) 21% Traditional No. of Rate No. of Rate systems respondents (%) respondents (%) Ayurvedic/Unani 36 18 6 3 Spiritual Healing 12 6 22 11 Herbal Medicine 34 17 36 18 Homeopathy 46 23 18 9 Kaviraji 18 9 54 27 Hypnosis 6 3 16 8 79% Others 14 7 6 3 Never Used 34 17 0 0 n1= Total number of respondents in urban area, n2= Total number of respondents in rural area Traditional medicine Modern medicine Figure 1: Percentage (%) of overall belief of respondents education and socioeconomic conditions were of preferring traditional and modern medicine in the considered as including criteria. study area. Data processing and analysis After collection, all the data were summarized and ayurvedic/unani, spiritual healing, herbal medicine, scrutinized carefully and then recorded. Finally, homeopathy, kaviraji
Recommended publications
  • Bangladesh Workplace Death Report 2020
    Bangladesh Workplace Death Report 2020 Supported by Published by I Bangladesh Workplace Death Report 2020 Published by Safety and Rights Society 6/5A, Rang Srabonti, Sir Sayed Road (1st floor), Block-A Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Bangladesh +88-02-9119903, +88-02-9119904 +880-1711-780017, +88-01974-666890 [email protected] safetyandrights.org Date of Publication April 2021 Copyright Safety and Rights Society ISBN: Printed by Chowdhury Printers and Supply 48/A/1 Badda Nagar, B.D.R Gate-1 Pilkhana, Dhaka-1205 II Foreword It is not new for SRS to publish this report, as it has been publishing this sort of report from 2009, but the new circumstances has arisen in 2020 when the COVID 19 attacked the country in March . Almost all the workplaces were shut about for 66 days from 26 March 2020. As a result, the number of workplace deaths is little bit low than previous year 2019, but not that much low as it is supposed to be. Every year Safety and Rights Society (SRS) is monitoring newspaper for collecting and preserving information on workplace accidents and the number of victims of those accidents and publish a report after conducting the yearly survey – this year report is the tenth in the series. SRS depends not only the newspapers as the source for information but it also accumulated some information from online media and through personal contact with workers representative organizations. This year 26 newspapers (15 national and 11 regional) were monitored and the present report includes information on workplace deaths (as well as injuries that took place in the same incident that resulted in the deaths) throughout 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangladesh – BGD34387 – Lalpur – Sonapur – Noakhali – Dhaka – Christians – Catholics – Awami League – BNP
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: BGD34387 Country: Bangladesh Date: 25 February 2009 Keywords: Bangladesh – BGD34387 – Lalpur – Sonapur – Noakhali – Dhaka – Christians – Catholics – Awami League – BNP This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Please update on the situation for Catholics in Dhaka. 2. Are there any reports to suggest that Christians (or Catholics) tend to support or be associated with the BNP or AL generally, or whether this might depend on local conditions? 3. Are there any reports of a Catholic community in Lalpur (village) or Sonapur (local area) of Noakhali; in particular, their size and whether they are long-established? 4. If so, is there any material to indicate their mistreatment or serious incidents? 5. Please update on the treatment of BNP ‘field workers’ or supporters following the election of the AL Government. Any specific references to Dhaka or Noakhali would be useful. RESPONSE 1. Please update on the situation for Catholics in Dhaka. Question 2 of recent RRT Research Response BGD34378 of 17 February 2009 refers to source information on the situation of Catholics in Dhaka.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Report 16
    Situation Report No. #16 15 June 2020 https://www.who.int/bangladesh/emergencies/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-update/coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-bangladesh-situation-reports Photo: Social Media Bangladesh Tested Confirmed Recovered Dead Hotline 519,503 90,619 14,560 1,209 11,310,820 Test/1 million New Cases Recovery Rate CFR% AR/1 million 3,050 3,099 20.6% 1.33% 532.1 Laboratories Gender PPE Stock PoE Screening 60 COVID-19 Labs 70% 30% 1,392,601 344,067 Last Days 106,478 Samples 3,135,420 22,607 63.7% Inside Dhaka Tests 562,439 7,029 17.4% Share of Positive Tests 179,759 345,218 WHO Bangladesh COVID-19 Situation Report #16 15 June 2020 1. Highlights As of 15 June 2020, according to the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), there are 90,619 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh, including1,209 related deaths; Case Fatality Rate (CFR) is 1.33%. On 12 June 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare/DGHS introduced “Bangladesh Risk Zone-Based COVID- 19 Containment Implementation Strategy/Guide,” dividing areas in Red, Yellow and Green Zone based on the prevailing risk of the COVID-19 spread. On 13 June 2020, the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Coordination Branch issued an Emergency Notification circular with the instructions for the worshipers in the Red Zone areas to offer prayers at their respective homes instead of public place of worship. On 14 June 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) circulated a Note Verbale, which stated that foreign investors and businessmen will be granted on-arrival visas at the port of entry in Bangladesh if he/she has a PCR-based COVID- 19 negative medical certificate (with English translation) and relevant supporting documents for obtaining investment/business visa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of Recyclable Solid Wastes at Sadar Upazila of Noakhali, Bangladesh
    Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 12(2): 1-12, 2020; Article no.AJEE.55547 ISSN: 2456-690X The Status of Recyclable Solid Wastes at Sadar Upazila of Noakhali, Bangladesh Tanuja Barua1*, Papia Sultana Kanon1 and Mehedi Hasan Munna1 1Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Noakhali, Bangladesh. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJEE/2020/v12i230153 Editor(s): (1) Daniele De Wrachien, State University of Milan, Italy. Reviewers: (1) Nejib Turki, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Farhaoui Mohamed, Morocco. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/55547 Received 12 January 2020 Accepted 19 March 2020 Original Research Article Published 26 March 2020 ABSTRACT Most of the cities in the world, a solid waste recycling process is a part of the effective and sustainable waste management system. Although the local authorities ignore the recyclable solid waste materials during waste management activity, a number of self-waste collectors and dealers have been performing recycling activity as a source of acquirement for long periods of time in Bangladesh. In our present study, a traditional recycling practice of solid waste was executed and analyzed in Sadar Upazila of Noakhali, Bangladesh. This study also identified a complete concatenation from waste collectors to recycling industries in different private sectors. The study revealed that 41% metal, 37% paper, 14% tin and 8% plastic of Sonapur was recycled daily. On the other hand, the study also revealed that 44% metal, 21% paper, 19% tin and 16% plastic of Maijdee was recycled daily.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter on Mamoni Health Systems Strengthening
    Newsletter Issue 2 Combating neonatal deaths by national scale-up of Chlorhexidine application for newborn umbilical cord care Newborn infection is one of the three major causes of neonatal deaths in Bangladesh. But there are measures, pretty low-cost and efficient, to protect newborns from catching infections. Application of 7.1% Chlorhexidine solution when applied to newborn umbilical cord is found by research to have led to 20% reduction on “all-cause mortality”. In Bangladesh MaMoni HSS is supporting the MoHFW to scale up nationally the use of CHX to cut down neonatal death. As a part of this endeavor the project is now providing training to health workers at all levels including doctors, nurses, SACMOs, FWVs, FWAs, HAs, CHCPs etc. In the first phase, the project has completed roll out in 20 districts of Photo: Save the Children/Abir Abdullah the Children/Abir Save Photo: Sylhet, Barisal and Dhaka division. Strengthening UH&FWCs to provide 24/7 normal delivery 1348 UH&FWCs of three divisions assessed The Health Population Nutrition Sector Development Program (HPNSDP) has identified expanding skilled birth attendance at institutional level as a priority intervention. Taking the cue MaMoni HSS Project has targeted the Union Health and Family Welfare Centers (UH&FWC) to facilitate a higher share of delivery by skilled midwives. With this objective of taking institutional delivery to the doorstep of the underserved rural community, the project is supporting the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) to work out a development plan for these union-level facilities. The starting point is a comprehen- sive assessment of all the UH&FWCs of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnomedicinal Study of Plants in Begumgonj, Noakhali, Bangladesh
    Ethnomedicinal Study of Plants in Begumgonj, Noakhali, Bangladesh Akter Kazi-Marjahan Gyeongsang National University Noor Hasan Sajib Ministry of Environment Dong-Min Kang Gyeongsang National University Mi-Jeong Ahn ( [email protected] ) Gyeongsang National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-0746 Sheik Bokhtear Uddin University of Chittagong Research Keywords: Begumganj upazila, Ethonobotany, Ethnomedicinal knowledge, Medicinal plants Posted Date: May 7th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-490592/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/17 Abstract Backgraound: The aim of this study was to document and preserve the ethnomedicinal knowledge used by traditional healers of Begumganj upazila, Bangladesh, to treat human diseases and evaluate the relative ecacy of the medicinal plants. Methods: The uses of medicinal plants were documented as an ethnomedicinal data sheet using direct observation, eld interview, plant interview and group interview techniques from December 2012 to January 2014 in the study area. Data were collected from 98 traditional healers through a questionnaire survey and analyzed through informant consensus factor and delity level. Results: Overall, 75 plant species under 71 genera of 47 families were documented, which are used to treat 41 diseases. Data analysis revealed that 41.33%, 14.67%, 36% and 8% of the medicinal plant species were herbs, shrubs, trees, and climbers, respectively. Leaves were the most used parts, followed by stem, root, fruit, bark, latex and rhizome. The most frequently treated diseases were dysentery, rheumatism and skin diseases. Conclusions: This is the rst ethnobotanical survey, which recorded the importance of medicinal plants in Begumgonj upazila, Bangladesh.
    [Show full text]
  • Evsjv‡`K †M‡RU
    †iwR÷vW© bs wW G-1 evsjv‡`k †M‡RU AwZwi³ msL¨v KZ…©c¶ KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ eyaevi, b‡f¤^i 1, 2017 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi cwiKíbv Kwgkb ‡fŠZ AeKvVv‡gv wefvM moK cwienb DBs cÖÁvcb ZvwiLt 19 A‡±vei 2017 moK cwienb I gnvmoK wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb moK I Rbc_ (mIR) Awa`ßi Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi (GjwRBwW)-Gi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ ˆØZZv cwinvic~e©K †`‡k myôz moK †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ miKvi KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z †kÖYxweb¨vm I bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx mIR Awa`ßi Ges GjwRBwWÕi moKmg~‡ni mgwšZ^ ZvwjKv 11-02-2004 Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`k †M‡R‡U cÖKvwkZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z 12 Rby 2006 Zvwi‡L GjwRBwWÕi AvIZvaxb Dc‡Rjv I BDwbqb moK Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb (GjwRAvB) Gi AvIZvaxb MÖvg moKmg~‡ni Avjv`v ZvwjKv evsjv‡`k †M‡R‡U cÖKvwkZ nq| GjwRBwW Ges mIR Awa`߇ii Aaxb moKmg~‡ni gvwjKvbvi ˆØZZv cwinv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ MwVZ ÕmoKmg~‡ni cybt‡kYÖ xweb¨vm msµvšÍ ÷vwÛs KwgwUÕi 02 b‡f¤^i 2014 Zvwi‡Li mfvq mIR Gi gvwjKvbvaxb moK ZvwjKv nvjbvMv` Kiv nq Ges †gvU 876wU mo‡Ki ZvwjKv P‚ovšÍ Kiv nq| MZ 18 †deªæqvix 2015 Zvwi‡L Zv †M‡R‡U cybtcÖKvk Kiv nq| (14237) g~j¨ : UvKv 172.00 14238 evsjv‡`k †M‡RU, AwZwi³, b‡f¤^i 1, 2017 ÕmoKmg~‡ni cybt‡kªYxweb¨vm msµvš Í ÷vwÛs KwgwUÕi 02 b‡f¤^i 2014 Zvwi‡Li mfvq wm×vš Í M„nxZ nq †h ÕmIR Gi gvwjKvbvaxb mo‡Ki †M‡RU cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci GjwRBwWÕi moKmg~‡ni ZvwjKv nvjbvMv` K‡i Zv †M‡RU AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡eÕ| G †cÖwÿ‡Z 11 †m‡Þ¤^i 2017 Zvwi‡L AbywôZ AvšÍtgš¿Yvjq KwgwUi mfvq GjwRBwW I GjwRAvB Gi nvjbvMv`K…Z ZvwjKv cybtch©v‡jvPbvc~e©K P‚ovš Í Kiv nq (cwiwkó-K) hv, gvbbxq cwiKíbv gš¿x KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z| G ZvwjKvq 4,781 wU Dc‡Rjv moK (ˆ`N©¨ 37,519.49 wK:wg:), 8,023
    [Show full text]
  • Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
    Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Local Government Engineering Department Office of the Executive Engineer Noakhali www.lged.gov.bd Memo No -46.02.0075.000.07.003.19.899 Dated: 20/03/2019 Corrigendum Notice This is to inform all concern that the following corrigendum has been made on e-Tender Notice No-66/2018-19, Memo No- 46.02.0075.000.07.003.19.248, Dated: 22/01/2019 due to unavoidable circumstances. Reference No: APP ID : 138467 e-Tender is invited in the National e-GP System Portal (http://www.eprocure.gov.bd) for the procurement of following Tender ID & Schemes. Tender ID Name of Scheme The fees for Closing Opening downloading the e- & Tender Documents Date and Date and Package No. from the National Time Time e-GP System portal have to be deposited online through any registered Bank Tender ID- Improvement of 55.74 Km of rural roads in Up to 09-04- 10-04-2019 10-04-2019 276684 Noakhali District-1. Improvement of 2019 at 5:00 at 1:00 PM at 1:00 PM Somirmunshirhat GC-Kutuberhat GC Road PM Package No: At Ch.000-9000m under Senbag Upazila CW- District Noakhali ID No-475802001, 2. 25/RCIP/N Improvement of Somirmunshirhat GC - RHD OA Kesharpar UP via Chilonia bazar Road At Ch.4800-11242m under Senbag Upazila District Noakhali ID No-475802010, 3. Improvement of Kachihata-Thanar hat Road Paloan pol RHW-Amannullapur UP-Eadgha Amin bazar-Amishapara UP At Ch.000- 14214m under Sonaimuri Upazila District Noakhali ID No-475882006, 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of LGED Road Network, March 2005, Bangladesh
    NOAKHALI LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DISTRICT SUMMARY OF ROAD DISTRICT : NOAKHALI EARTHEN BC BRICK PVT. RIGID PVT. ROAD TYPE NUMBER OF TOTAL SURFACE TYPE-WISE BREAKE-UP CONDITION OF BC & RIGID PVT. ROAD STRUCTURE EXISTING GAP ROAD LENGTH (Km) (As of December, 2003) (Km) (Km) EARTHEN FLEXIBLE BRICK RIGID GOOD FAIR POOR BAD NUMBER SPAN NUMBER SPAN PAVEMENT PAVEMENT PAVEMENT (m) (m) (BC) (WBM/HBB/ (CC/RCC) BFS) Upazila Road 62 481 123 336 22 0 231 71 24 11 519 2087 12 62 Union Road 107 752 444 258 49 2 123 88 22 21 740 3026 36 106 Village Road-A 496 2377 2131 189 58 0 125 46 14 4 1142 4534 85 560 Village Road-B 812 2575 2506 37 31 1 25 5 6 1 491 2161 40 274 TOTAL 1477 6186 5204 819 160 3 505 210 65 37 2892 11808 173 1003 4637 226 89 1 150 51 19 5 Length of Total Road Network Length of Total Road Network under Condition of BC & Rigid Pavement under different Categories different Surface Categories of Total Road Network 8% 2.6% 5% 12% 8% 13.2% 0.0% 2% 26% 61% 38% 84.1% Upazila Road Union Road Village Road-A Village Road-B EARTHEN BC BRICK PVT. RIGID PVT. GOOD FAIR POOR BAD Different Surface Categories and Condition of Different Surface Categories and Condition of BC & Rigid Pavement under Upazila Road BC & Rigid Pavement under Union Road 600 800 700 500 600 400 500 Total Length Total Length Earthen Earthen Brick Pvt. Brick Pvt.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Cropping Systems in Chittagong Region
    Bangladesh Rice J. 21 (2) : 109-122, 2017 Diversity of Cropping Systems in Chittagong Region S M Shahidullah1*, M Nasim1, M K Quais1 and A Saha1 ABSTRACT The study was conducted over all 42 upazilas of Chittagong region during 2016 using pre-tested semi- structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the region. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow−T. Aman occupied about 23% of net cropped area (NCA) of the region with its distribution over 38 upazilas out 42. The second largest area, 19% of NCA, was covered by single T. Aman, which was spread out over 32 upazilas. A total of 93 cropping patterns were identified in the whole region under the present investigation. The highest number of cropping patterns was 28 in Naokhali sadar and the lowest was 4 in Begumganj of the same district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was observed 0.135 in Chatkhil followed by 0.269 in Begumganj. The highest value of CDI was observed in Banshkhali, Chittagong and Noakhali sadar (around 0.95). The range of cropping intensity values was recorded 103−283%. The maximum value was for Kamalnagar upazila of Lakshmipur district and minimum for Chatkhil upazila of Noakhali district. As a whole the CDI of Chittagong region was 0.952 and the average cropping intensity at the regional level was 191%. Key words: Crop diversity index, land use, cropping system, soybean, and soil salinity INTRODUCTION household enterprises and the physical, biological, technological and socioeconomic The Chittagong region consists of five districts factors or environments.
    [Show full text]
  • 137 - Local Government Division
    453 Grant No. 34 137 - Local Government Division Medium Term Expenditure (Taka in Thousands) Budget Projection Description 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Operating Expenditure 4321,54,00 4753,69,00 5229,06,00 Development Expenditure 29919,66,00 31541,98,00 34696,18,00 Total 34241,20,00 36295,67,00 39925,24,00 Recurrent 7815,04,16 9003,87,04 8807,80,41 Capital 26425,35,84 27289,84,96 31115,37,59 Financial Asset 80,00 1,95,00 2,06,00 Liability 0 0 0 Total 34241,20,00 36295,67,00 39925,24,00 1.0 Mission Statement and Major Functions 1.1 Mission Statement Improve the living standard of the people by strengthening local government system, developing climate resilient rural and urban infrastructure and implementing socio-economic activities. 1.2 Major Functions 1.2.1 Manage all matters relating to local government and local government institutions; 1.2.2 Construct, maintain and manage Upazilla, union and village roads including the roads and bridges/culverts of towns and municipal areas; 1.2.3 Develop, maintain and manage growth centres and hats-bazaars connected via Upazilla, union and village roads; 1.2.4 Manage matters relating to safe drinking water; 1.2.5 Develop water supply, sanitation and sewerage facilities in climate risk vulnerable rural and urban areas; 1.2.6 Finance, evaluate and monitor local government institutions and offices/organizations under Local Government Division; 1.2.7 Develop, maintain and manage small-scale water resource infrastructures within the timeline determined by the government. 1.2.8 Enactment of Law, promulgation of rules and policies related to local government.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Plan of Action Final Report Bangladesh: Cyclone Roanu
    Emergency Plan of Action Final report Bangladesh: Cyclone Roanu Emergency appeal n° MDRBD016 GLIDE n° TC-2016-000052-BGD Date of Issue: 30 June 2017 Timeframe covered by this update: 19 May 2016 to 31 March 2017 Operation start date: 19 May 2016 Operation end date: 31 March 2017 (10 months) Appeal budget: CHF 2,031,716 Appeal coverage: 47% (donor response list) Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) allocated: CHF 244,476 N° of people affected: 1.3 million N° of people assisted: 36,000 Host National Society(ies) presence (n° of volunteers, staff, branches): Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) mobilised over 600 Red Cross youth, cyclone preparedness programme volunteers and staff for the operation. Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: American Red Cross, Australian Red Cross, British Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross, Danish Red Cross, German Red Cross, Hong Kong Red Cross, Japanese Red Cross, Korean Government, Swedish Red Cross, Swiss Red Cross, Turkish Red Crescent and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Other partner organisations actively involved in the operation: Government of Bangladesh, UN agencies, Korean Government and INGOs. A. Summary of the operation Summary of the Emergency Appeal operation: Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) 36,000 people assisted 2,031,716 CHF in operation budget 10 National Societies involved in the operation 903,199.67 Community people gathered in a street drama show on DRR; organized by BDRCS CHF total expenditure at Lakshmipur district. (Photo:
    [Show full text]