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Biologist-Archive TheTHE SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY MAGAZINE ■ ISSN 0006-3347Biologist ■ SOCIETYOFBIOLOGY.ORG VOL 59 NO 4 ■ OCTOBER 2012 WORKERS, DRONES & QUEENS UK ants up close and the results of our flying ant survey ANIMAL WELFARE PHOTO COMPETITION EMBRYOLOGY FRIESIAN FRIENDS SCIENCE IN FOCUS IAN WILMUT Why dairy cows Top images for Cell research and need companions 2012 revealed celebrity sheep New from GarlandNew from Science Garland ScienceScience Phylogenomics: A Primer is for advanced Phylogenomics:undergraduate A and Primer graduate is for biologyadvanced Phylogenomics:studentsundergraduate studying A Primerand molecular graduate is for advanced biology,biology undergraduate and graduate biology comparativestudents studyingbiology, evolution, molecular biology,genomics, and students studying molecular biology, comparativebiodiversity. Itbiology, explores evolution, the origins genomics, of organic and comparative biology, evolution, genomics, and biodiversity.life on It the explores planet, the examines origins theof organic biodiversity.life on It theexplores planet, the examines origins of the organic use oflife scientific on the planet, databases examines to understand the the use of scientific databases to understand the usefunction of scientific of proteins databases within to organisms,understand andthe function of proteins within organisms, and functionprovides ofinsight proteins into withinthe interpretation organisms, and of provides insight into the interpretation of linearprovides sequence insight intoinformation the interpretation in the context of oflinearlinear organismal sequencesequence change. information information This book in in the explainsthe context context the essentialof organismalorganismal concepts change. change. underlying This This book book the explains explains storage the the and essentialmanipulation conceptsconcepts underlyingofunderlying genomics the the level storage storage data, and and manipulationmanipulationconstruction ofofof genomics genomicsphylogenetic level level data, trees,data, populationconstructionconstruction genetics, ofof phylogeneticphylogenetic natural selection, trees, trees, the populationpopulationtree of genetics, life,genetics, DNA barcoding,natural natural selection, selection, and the the treemetagenomics.tree of of life, life, DNA DNA barcoding,The barcoding, inclusion and and of problem-solvingmetagenomics.metagenomics. exercises The The inclusion inclusion in each of chapter of providesproblem-solvingproblem-solving students exercises exercises with a solidin in each each grasp chapter chapter of the providesprovidesimportant students students molecular with with a and asolid solid evolutionary grasp grasp of of the the questionsimportantimportant facing molecular molecular modern and and biologists evolutionary evolutionary as well as questionsthe tools facingfacing needed modernmodern to biologistsanswerbiologists them. as aswell well as as thethe tools tools needed needed to to answer answer them. them. December 2012 • 352 Pages •160 Illustrations December 2012 • 352 Pages •160 Illustrations DecemberPaperback 2012 • •9780815342113 352 Pages •160 • Illustrations £38.00 PaperbackPaperback • • 9780815342113 9780815342113 • •£38.00 £38.00 CONTENTS:CONTENTS: 1.CONTENTS: Why Phylogenomics Matters 2. The Biology of Linear Molecules (DNA and Proteins) 3. Evolutionary 1. 1.Why Why Phylogenomics Phylogenomics Matters Matters 2. 2. The The Biology Biology ofof LinearLinear Molecules (DNA(DNA and and Proteins) Proteins) 3. 3. Evolutionary Evolutionary PrinciplesPrinciples – Populations– Populations and and Trees Trees 4. 4. Databases Databases 5.5. HomologyHomology andand PairwisePairwise Alignment Alignment 6. 6. Multiple Multiple Alignments Alignments Principles – Populations and Trees 4. Databases 5. Homology and Pairwise Alignment 6. Multiple Alignments andand Constructing Constructing Phylogenomic Phylogenomic MatricesMatrices7. 7. GenomeGenome SequencingSequencing andand AnnotationAnnotation 8. 8. Tree Tree Building Building and Constructing Phylogenomic Matrices7. Genome Sequencing and Annotation 8. Tree Building 9. 9.Robustness Robustness and and Rate Rate Heterogeneity Heterogeneity in in Phylogenomics Phylogenomics 10. BayesianBayesian Analysis Analysis 11. 11. Incongruence Incongruence 12. 12. Adapting Adapting Population9. PopulationRobustness Genetics andGenetics Rate to Heterogeneityto Genomics Genomics 13. 13. Detecting Detectingin Phylogenomics NaturalNatural Selection10. Bayesian inin GenomesAnalysisGenomes –11. – PartPart Incongruence 1 14. 1 14. Detecting Detecting 12. Natural AdaptingNatural SelectionPopulationSelection in in GeneticsGenomes Genomes to– – Part GenomicsPart 215. 215. 13.Advanced Advanced Detecting PopulationPopulation Natural SelectionGenetics TopicsinTopics Genomes 16. 16. Genome Genome – Part Content Content 1 14. Detecting Analysis Analysis 17.Natural 17. A A PhylogenomicSelectionPhylogenomic in Genomes Perspective Perspective – Part of of 2 15.BiologicalBiological Advanced Diversity:Diversity: Population TreeTree of GeneticsLife, DNADNA BarcodingTopicsBarcoding 16. Genome andand MetagenomicsMetagenomics Content Analysis 17. A 18.Phylogenomic18. Microarrays Microarrays Perspective in in Evolutionary Evolutionary of Biological StudiesStudies andDiversity:and FunctionalFunctional Tree of PhylogenomicsLife, DNA Barcoding and Metagenomics 18. Microarrays in Evolutionary Studies and Functional Phylogenomics ONLINEONLINE RESOURCES RESOURCES ONLINE RESOURCES ResourcesResources for for Qualifying Qualifying Instructors Instructors ResourcesArtworkArtwork for Qualifying Instructors ImagesArtworkImages from from the the book book available available in in JPEG JPEG and and PowerPoint®PowerPoint® formats. Images from the book available in JPEG and PowerPoint® formats. LinksLinks LinksLinks to to exercises, exercises, algorithms, algorithms, annotated annotated data data sets,sets, andand biological databases.databases. Links to exercises, algorithms, annotated data sets, and biological databases. www.garlandscience.com/phylogenomicswww.garlandscience.com/phylogenomics www.garlandscience.com/phylogenomics Untitled-1.indd 1 9/24/2012 10:18:07 AM Untitled-1.indd 1 9/24/2012 10:18:07 AM Untitled-1.indd 1 9/24/2012 10:18:07 AM New from Garland Science Phylogenomics: A Primer is for advanced undergraduate and graduate biology students studying molecular biology, comparative biology, evolution, genomics, and biodiversity. It explores the origins of organic life on the planet, examines the use of scientific databases to understand the function of proteins within organisms, and provides insight into the interpretation of linear sequence information in the context of organismal change. This book explains the essential concepts underlying the storage and manipulation of genomics level data, construction of phylogenetic trees, population genetics, natural selection, the tree of life, DNA barcoding, and metagenomics. The inclusion of problem-solving exercises in each chapter provides students with a solid grasp of the important molecular and evolutionary questions facing modern biologists as well as the tools needed to answer them. December 2012 • 352 Pages •160 Illustrations Paperback • 9780815342113 • £38.00 CONTENTS: 1. Why Phylogenomics Matters 2. The Biology of Linear Molecules (DNA and Proteins) 3. Evolutionary Principles – Populations and Trees 4. Databases 5. Homology and Pairwise Alignment 6. Multiple Alignments and Constructing Phylogenomic Matrices7. Genome Sequencing and Annotation 8. Tree Building 9. Robustness and Rate Heterogeneity in Phylogenomics 10. Bayesian Analysis 11. Incongruence 12. Adapting Population Genetics to Genomics 13. Detecting Natural Selection in Genomes – Part 1 14. Detecting Natural Selection in Genomes – Part 215. Advanced Population Genetics Topics 16. Genome Content Analysis 17. A Phylogenomic Perspective of Biological Diversity: Tree of Life, DNA Barcoding and Metagenomics 18. Microarrays in Evolutionary Studies and Functional Phylogenomics ONLINE RESOURCES Resources for Qualifying Instructors Artwork Images from the book available in JPEG and PowerPoint® formats. Links Links to exercises, algorithms, annotated data sets, and biological databases. www.garlandscience.com/phylogenomics Untitled-1.indd 1 9/24/2012 10:18:07 AM TheBiologist THE SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY MAGAZINE Volume 59 No 4 / October 2012 Contents 14 18 31 IN THIS ISSUE 14 Adam and the ants sheep, the world’s first cloned ThTHE SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY MAGAZINEe ■ ISSN 0006-3347Biologist ■ SOCIETYOFBIOLOGY.ORG VOL 59 NO 4 ■ OCTOBER 2012 News To coincide with the results of mammal, talks to Tom Ireland our UK-wide flying ant survey, about the project that defined 4 Society news entomologist Professor Adam his career and how embryology 47 Member news Hart reveals the awesome has advanced since then. 50 Branch events social behaviour of one of WORKERS, DRONES 52 Branch news the UK’s most common 31 Under pressure & QUEENS UK ants up close and the results of our fl ying ant survey and important insects. Stafford Lightman and colleagues ANIMAL WELFARE PHOTO COMPETITION EMBRYOLOGY FRIESIAN FRIENDS SCIENCE IN FOCUS IAN WILMUT Why dairy cows Top images for Cell research and explore the positive and negative need companions 2012 revealed celebrity sheep Regulars 18 Farmyard friends effects of childhood stress, The need for companionship in and whether it has any lasting 3 Nelson’s column dairy cattle is crucial for their consequences for adult health. 8 Biofeedback health yet often
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