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Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Influence of Subelytral Ultrastructure
Experimental & Applied Acarology, 23 (1999) 97–118 Review Phoresy by Hemisarcoptes (Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): influence of subelytral ultrastructure M.A. Houck* Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409–3131, USA (Received 9 January 1997; accepted 17 April 1998) ABSTRACT The non-phoretic stages of mites of the genus Hemisarcoptes are predators of the family Diaspididae. The heteromorphic deutonymph (hypopus) maintains a stenoxenic relationship with beetles of the genus Chilocorus. The mites attach to the subelytral surface of the beetle elytron during transport. There is variation in mite density among species of Chilocorus. Both Hemisarcoptes and Chilocorus have been applied to biological control programmes around the world. The objective of this study was to determine whether subelytral ultrastructure (spine density) plays a role in the evolution of symbiosis between the mite and the beetle. The subelytral surfaces of 19 species of Chilocorus and 16 species of Exochomus were examined. Spine density was determined for five subelytral zones: the anterior pronotal margin, medial central region, caudoventral tip, lateral distal margin and epipleural region. Spine density on the subelytral surface of Chilocorus and Exochomus was inversely correlated with the size of the elytron for all zones except the caudoventral tip. This suggests that an increase in body size resulted in a redistribution of spines and not an addition of spines. The pattern of spine density in Exochomus and Chilocorus follows a single size–density trajectory. The pattern of subelytral ultrastructure is not strictly consistent with either beetle phylogeny or beetle allometry. The absence of spines is not correlated with either beetle genus or size and species of either Chilocorus or Exochomus may be devoid of spines in any zone, irrespective of body size. -
Redalyc.CHILOCORUS CACTI (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE
Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie) ISSN: 0065-1737 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México Machkour-M’rabet, S.; Ferral-Piña, J.; Henaut, Y. CHILOCORUS CACTI (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE), A POTENTIAL NATURAL ENEMY FOR THE RED PALM MITE IN MEXICO Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie), vol. 31, núm. 3, diciembre, 2015, pp. 512-517 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57542699025 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 512ISSN 0065-1737 Machkour-M’rabetActa Zoológica et al.: MexicanaChilocorus (n.s.), cacti 31(3):and the 512-517 red palm (2015) mite Nota Científica (Short Communication) CHILOCORUS CACTI (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE), A POTENTIAL NATURAL ENEMY FOR THE RED PALM MITE IN MEXICO Recibido: 12/05/2015; aceptado: 14/08/2015 Machkour-M’rabet, S., Ferral-Piña, J. y Henaut, Y. 2015. Chilo- potentially infest a wide diversity of plants, many of corus cacti (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), enemigo natural potencial which are economically and ecologically important (Car- del ácaro rojo de las palmas en México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana rillo et al. 2012a). In Mexico, 16 species of commercially (n. s.), 31(3): 512-517. grown plants (some of which form entire genus) belong- RESUMEN. Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), el ácaro ro- ing to four families (Arecaceae, Heliconiaceae, Musaceae jo de las palmas, es una plaga importante en el mundo, dañando plan- and Strelitziaceae) have been reported as hosts of the red tas comerciales y ornamentales. -
Status Report on Arthropod Predators of the Asian Citrus Psyllid in Mexico
Status report on arthropod predators of the Asian Citrus Psyllid in Mexico Esteban Rodríguez-Leyva Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, MEXICO. Importance of Citrus in Mexico 525 000 ha 23 States Citrus production 6.7 million ton/year 68% Orange, 20% Mexican lime, 5% Persian lime 2.5% Grapefruit , 2.5% Tangerine The insect problem Diaphorina citri in Mexico (www.senasica.gob.mx) Searching for natural enemies of ACP on citrus trees and orange jessamine Coccinellidae Azya orbigera Brachiacantha decora Chilocorus cacti Cycloneda sanguinea Harmonia axyridis Hippodamia convergens Olla v-nigrum López- Arroyo et al. 2008 Marín 2009, personal com. Sánchez-González & Arredondo-Bernal 2009, personal com. Gaona-García et al. 2009 Chrysopidae Chrysoperla rufilabris C. comanche C. externa Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta C. valida López- Arroyo et al. 2008 Cortez-Mondaca et al. 2008 Syrphidae Allographa obliqua Pseudodoros clavatus Toxomerus marginatus Toxomerus politus Miscelaneous predators of ACP Spiders, Wasps (Vespidae), Ants (Ponerinae) López- Arroyo et al. 2008 Sánchez-González & Arredondo-Bernal 2009, personal com. Abundance of ladybirds (Coccinellidae) predators on citrus trees, at Nuevo Leon (northeast), Mexico. (Insect net, two sides of each mature tree, n=30). López-Arroyo, 2010, personal com. Abundance of lacewings (Chrysopidae) predators on citrus trees, at Nuevo Leon (northeast), Mexico. (Insect net two sides of each mature tree, n=30). López-Arroyo, 2010, personal com. Abundance of lacewings (Chrysopidae) predators on citrus trees, at Nuevo Leon (northeast), Mexico. (Insect net two sides of each mature tree, n=30). López-Arroyo, 2010, personal com. Abundance of predators (specially C. rufilabris) on Diaphorina citri on citrus trees at Nuevo Leon (northeast), Mexico. -
Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) As a Biocontrol Agent
CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 2009 4, No. 046 Review Factors affecting utility of Chilocorus nigritus (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a biocontrol agent D.J. Ponsonby* Address: Ecology Research Group, Department of Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent. CT1 1QU, UK. *Correspondence: Email: [email protected] Received: 30 March 2009 Accepted: 25 June 2009 doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20094046 The electronic version of this article is the definitive one. It is located here: http://www.cababstractsplus.org/cabreviews g CAB International 2009 (Online ISSN 1749-8848) Abstract Chilocorus nigritus (F.) has been one of the most successful coccidophagous coccinellids in the history of classical biological control. It is an effective predator of many species of Diaspididae, some Coccidae and some Asterolecaniidae, with an ability to colonize a relatively wide range of tropical and sub-tropical environments. It appears to have few natural enemies, a rapid numerical response and an excellent capacity to coexist in stable relationships with parasitoids. A great deal of literature relating to its distribution, biology, ecology, mass rearing and prey preferences exists, but there is much ambiguity and the beetle sometimes inexplicably fails to establish, even when conditions are apparently favourable. This review brings together the key research relating to factors that affect its utility in biocontrol programmes, including its use in indoor landscapes and temperate glasshouses. Data are collated and interpreted and areas where knowledge is lacking are identified. Recommendations are made for prioritizing further research and improving its use in biocontrol programmes. -
Chilocorus Cacti (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Potential Natural Enemy for the Red Palm Mite in Mexico
512ISSN 0065-1737 Machkour-M’rabetActa Zoológica et al.: MexicanaChilocorus (n.s.), cacti 31(3):and the 512-517 red palm (2015) mite Nota Científica (Short Communication) CHILOCORUS CACTI (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE), A POTENTIAL NATURAL ENEMY FOR THE RED PALM MITE IN MEXICO Recibido: 12/05/2015; aceptado: 14/08/2015 Machkour-M’rabet, S., Ferral-Piña, J. y Henaut, Y. 2015. Chilo- potentially infest a wide diversity of plants, many of corus cacti (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), enemigo natural potencial which are economically and ecologically important (Car- del ácaro rojo de las palmas en México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana rillo et al. 2012a). In Mexico, 16 species of commercially (n. s.), 31(3): 512-517. grown plants (some of which form entire genus) belong- RESUMEN. Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), el ácaro ro- ing to four families (Arecaceae, Heliconiaceae, Musaceae jo de las palmas, es una plaga importante en el mundo, dañando plan- and Strelitziaceae) have been reported as hosts of the red tas comerciales y ornamentales. En 2009 fue observada por primera palm mite (Senasica 2013). In particular, four economi- vez en México y se extendió rápidamente. Puede ocasionar daños im- cally important plants in Mexico could be affected most portantes a los cultivos y también ha infestado en reservas protegidas. Para limitar el uso de acaricidas, principalmente en áreas protegidas, se by the red palm mite: three palm species (the African oil han buscado depredadores naturales. Globalmente se han identificado palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., the coconut palm, Cocos 28 depredadores incluyendo otros ácaros, insectos y hongos. En este nucifera L., and the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L.) estudio, presentamos una nueva especie nativa coccinélida, Chilocorus and several banana species, Musa spp. -
Crapemyrtle Bark Scale Acanthococcus Lagerstroemiae Kuwana (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae): Analysis of Factors Influencing Infestation and Control
CRAPEMYRTLE BARK SCALE ACANTHOCOCCUS LAGERSTROEMIAE KUWANA (HEMIPTERA: ERIOCOCCIDAE): ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING INFESTATION AND CONTROL A Thesis by KYLE ANDREW GILDER Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, Kevin M. Heinz Co-Chair of Committee, Mengmeng Gu Committee Members, Mike Merchant Head of Department, Phillip Kaufman December 2020 Major Subject: Entomology Copyright 2020 Kyle Andrew Gilder ABSTRACT Crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), a new non-native pest from Asia first discovered in the U.S. in 2004 has now been reported in 14 states. The scale jeopardizes the future of crapemyrtles use as a popular ornamental landscape tree in the U.S. Management of this pest will likely include biological strategies. Before such strategies can be implemented it is important to examine relative abundances and distributions of arthropod species associated with the scale in the geographic area targeted for biological control. In the first objective, surveys of crapemyrtle ecology from two varietal groups of crapemyrtle trees (Lagerstroemia spp.) were undertaken in Tarrant and Brazos counties across six consecutive seasons in 2018 – 2019. A rich arthropod community was discovered. The most common predators were spiders, coccinellids, and chrysopids. Insects in the families Eriococcidae, Aphididae, and Thripidae were common herbivores on Lagerstroemia spp. Numerous phytophagous and mycophagous mites were also collected. These herbivores constitute a reservoir of alternative prey for generalist predators that may also feed on A. lagerstroemiae. A food web was constructed to illustrate direct and indirect effects of the predator community on A. -
(Coleoptera; Coccinellidae), from a MITE, Hemisarcoptes Cooremani
THE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED WATER BY A BEETLE, Chilocorus cacti (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae), FROM A MITE, Hemisarcoptes cooremani (Acari: Acariformes) by AURAL! E. HOLTE, B.S. A THESIS IN BIOLOGY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved December, 1999 mr'-^'^-"""'^'" .——^—--— •« • "ji» • »j»«p»^"^i^»w /^n^^l C>^i^f ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank a number of people for their assistance and support in the completion of iS-f' 7^ this work. First, I would like to thank Dr. Marilyn Houck for her generous encouragement, understanding and guidance, without which I would not have been able to start or complete this project. I also thank the members of my committee. Dr. Nathan Collie and Dr. Richard Deslippe who provided valuable comments and information utilized for this research. Elizabeth Richards, Heather Roberts, and Qingtian Li were encouraging and helpful colleagues in all my endeavors as a graduate student. I also thank a number of people for personal support; foremost, Damon for without his devoted love, constant support and immutable encouragement, I would have not been able to accomplish this work. I v^sh to thank my family for all of the love and understanding they have given me, especially my mother who guided me with her example, demonstrating that I could do anything once I set my mind to it. I also would like to acknowledge all of the other friends and family members who have given me encouragement. Finally, financial support for this research was provided by the Texas Tech University Biology Department and the Bi-National Agricultural Research and Development grants (#IS-1397-87 and #US-2359-93C to M. -
Alkaloids – Secrets of Life
ALKALOIDS – SECRETS OF LIFE ALKALOID CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, APPLICATIONS AND ECOLOGICAL ROLE This page intentionally left blank ALKALOIDS – SECRETS OF LIFE ALKALOID CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, APPLICATIONS AND ECOLOGICAL ROLE Tadeusz Aniszewski Associate Professor in Applied Botany Senior Lecturer Research and Teaching Laboratory of Applied Botany Faculty of Biosciences University of Joensuu Joensuu Finland Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford • Paris San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Elsevier Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK First edition 2007 Copyright © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation -
A Preliminary Investigation of the Arthropod Fauna of Quitobaquito Springs Area, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona
COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 125 Biological Sciences (East) Bldg. 43 Tucson, Arizona 85721 R. Roy Johnson, Unit Leader National Park Senior Research Scientist TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 23 A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF QUITOBAQUITO SPRINGS AREA, ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA KENNETH J. KINGSLEY, RICHARD A. BAILOWITZ, and ROBERT L. SMITH July 1987 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE/UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA National Park Service Project Funds CONTRIBUTION NUMBER CPSU/UA 057/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction......................................................................................................................................1 Methods............................................................................................................................................1 Results ............................................................................................................................................2 Discussion......................................................................................................................................20 Literature Cited ..............................................................................................................................22 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................23 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Insects Collected at Quitobaquito Springs ...................................................................3 -
The Cactus Lady Beetle: a Voracious Predator of Scale Insects Scientific Name:Chilocorus Cacti L
The Cactus Lady Beetle: A Voracious Predator of Scale Insects Scientific name: Chilocorus cacti L. (Insecta: Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Introduction The cactus lady beetle, Chilocorus cacti, is indigenous to the southern United States, Central America and northern South America (Gordon, 1985). Chilocorus cacti was found associated with many scale pests, including crape myrtle bark scale, Eriococcus lagerstroemiae Kuwana (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) (Figure 1), a recently introduced pest on crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia spp. L. (Myrtales: Lythraceae). This lady beetle is considered an important biological control agent of soft scales (Gray, 2006). Figure 1. The larva of the cactus lady beetle, Chilo- corus cacti, feeding on the eggs of crape myrtle bark scale, Eriococcus lagerstroemiae. Other names Chilocorus cacti is also known as twice-stabbed lady beetle, or twice-stabbed cactus lady beetle. Distribution Chilocorus cacti is present in tropical and subtropical areas around the world (Samways et al., 1999). In the United States, C. cacti has been reported in Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Figure 2. Egg of Chilocorus cacti. Louisiana, New Mexico and Texas (BugGuide, 2015). Description Eggs: The eggs of C. cacti are about 1.1 millimeters (0.04 inches) long, oval and greyish (Figure 2). Field observations suggest that eggs are usually laid near prey or inside white sacs of crape myrtle bark scale (Figure 3). Figure 3. Eggs of Chilocorus cacti buried inside the sac of male crape myrtle bark scale (left) and the Larvae: The length of larvae of C. cacti ranges from 0.5 ovisac of gravid female (right). millimeters (0.06 inches; 1st instar) to 6.0 millimeters (0.24 inches; 4th instar) long. -
17 Takumasa Kondo Corporación Colombiana De
Bolet´ındel Museo de Entomolog´ıade la Universidad del Valle 16(1):17-26, 2015 17 REPORT OF Erpetogomphus sabaleticus WILLIAMSON, 1918 (ODONATA: GOMPHIDAE) FEEDING ON Diaphorina citri KUWAYAMA (HEMIPTERA: LIVIIDAE) Takumasa Kondo Corporaci´onColombiana de Investigaci´onAgropecuaria (Corpoica), Centro de Investigaci´onPalmira, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] Fredy Palacino-Rodr´ıguez Grupo de Investigaci´onen Odonatos de Colombia, Laboratorio de Artr´opodos, Centro Internacional de F´ısica, Universidad Nacional, sede Bogot´a/ Departamento de Biolog´ıa,Universidad El Bosque, Bogot´a, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] Richard Danilo Pena-Cuellar˜ Universidad Nacional, sede Palmira, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] RESUMEN La lib´elula Erpetogomphus sabaleticus Williamson, 1918 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) se reporta por primera vez depredando a Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Se provee una lista compilada de m´asde 63 especies de enemigos naturales de D. citri distribuidos en siete ´ordenes y diecisiete familias de artr´opodos (insectos y ara˜nas). Palabras clave. Anisoptera, depredador, enemigos naturales, lib´elula,listado. SUMMARY The dragonfly Erpetogomphus sabaleticus Williamson, 1918 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) is for the first time reported preying on Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). A compiled list of more than 63 species distributed in seven orders and seventeen families of arthropod (insects and spiders) natural enemies of D. citri is provided. Key words. Anisoptera, checklist, dragonfly, natural enemies, predator. INTRODUCTION 2004). The Asian citrus psyllid D. citri is an economically important citrus pest in many citrus growing regions of the world (Halbert The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri & Manjunath 2004, Manjunath et al. 2008). -
BIBLIOGRAPHY THOMAS EISNER Schurman Professor of Chemical
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS NA = NOT AVAILABLE THOMAS EISNER PAGE - 1 Eisner, T. and J. Meinwald (eds). 1995. CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: THE BIBLIOGRAPHY CHEMISTRY OF BIOTIC INTERACTION, National Academy Press 214 pp. Eisner. T 2000. Chromatic Fantasy: Leaves in the Midst of Change. Sinauer THOMAS EISNER Associaes, Inc. Sunderland, MA, Schurman Professor of Chemical Ecology Cornell University Eisner, T. 2003. For Love of Insects. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Ithaca, NY 14853 MA. 607-255-4464 (phone) Eisner, T., M. Eisner, M. Siegler. 2005. Secret Weapons. Harvard University 607-255-6186 (fax) Press, Cambridge, MA. e-mail: [email protected] OTHER PUBLICATIONS LIST OF BOOKS 1. Eisner, T. and E.O. Wilson. 1952. The morphology of the Eisner, T. (ed.). 1960. Proc. Symposium, CHEMICAL DEFENSE proventriculus of a formicine ant. Psyche 59 , 47-60. MECHANISMS IN ARTHROPODS. Verhandl. XI. Internat. Kongress Entomol. vol. III, pp. 247-293 (Inst. Entomol. Agraria dell'Univ. Pavia). 2. Eisner, T. 1953. The histology of a sense organ in the labial palps of Neuroptera. J. Morph. 93 , 109-122. Burnett, A.L. and T. Eisner. 1964. ANIMAL ADAPTATION. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. vii + 136 pp. 3. Wilson, E.O., T. Eisner, and B.D. Valentine. 1954. The beetle genus Paralimulodes Bruch in North America, with notes on morphology Wilson, E.O., T. Eisner, W.R. Briggs, R.E. Dickerson, R.L. Metzenberg, R.D. and behavior (Coleoptera: Limulodidae). Psyche 61 , 154-161. O'Brien, M. Susman, W.E. Boggs. 1973. LIFE ON EARTH. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Stamford, CT. xi + 1033 pp. Second Edition 1978. 846 pp.