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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AFTER HURRICANE MATTHEW RESOURCES, CAPACITIES, AND PATHWAYS TO RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION OF DEVASTATED COMMUNITIES IN HAITI CO-SPONSORED BY: AFTER HURRICANE MATTHEW | I After Hurricane Matthew: Resources, Capacities, and Pathways to Recovery and Reconstruction of Devastated Communities in Haiti AUTHORS Louis Herns Marcelin, Ph.D. Toni Cela, Ph.D. GRAPHIC DESIGN Katya Sarria © Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development (INURED) May 2017 Port-au-Prince, Haiti II | AFTER HURRICANE MATTHEW This page intentionally left blank This page intentionally left blank AFTER HURRICANE MATTHEW RESOURCES, CAPACITIES, AND PATHWAYS TO RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION OF DEVASTATED COMMUNITIES IN HAITI CO-SPONSORED BY: VI | AFTER HURRICANE MATTHEW ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to the Center for Haitian Studies (CHS), Project Medishare (Medishare), and the Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development (INURED), which provided the financial and in-kind support that made this study possible. We thank the entire Board of Directors of CHS and Medishare, particularly Dr. Bryan Page, Dr. Laurinus Pierre, and Dr. Barth Green, whose support for this initiative made possible the study’s implementation. The Executive Director of Project Medishare, Ms. Renée Lewis, and INURED’s Administrator, Mrs. Cindia Marcelin, were instrumental during the implementation of this study. We are grateful for the support of the University of Miami Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas (UMIA) for sponsoring the town hall event and for their generous contribution toward the design and publication of this report. In particular, we would like to thank UMIA’s Director, Dr. Felicia M. Knaul; the Faculty Research Lead for Latin American Studies and Policy, Dr. Sallie Hughes; and the Faculty Lead for Hemispheric Caribbean Studies, Dr. Kate Ramsey. We also wish to acknowledge the meticulous work of UMIA’s staff, namely Michael J. Graybeal, Senior Manager for Business Operations; Thaidee Ochoa Viloria, Communications Specialist; Jeffrey T. Farmer; and Lourdes A. Castillo. We thank Katya Sarria for her work in designing this report. We must also acknowledge the Dean and Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, Dr. Leonidas Bachas and Dr. Angel Kaifer, for their support of the translation of this report through the College Publication Fund. We would like to thank the faculty of the Department of Anthropology, with special acknowledgement of Department Chair Dr. Traci Ardren, as well as Dr. Caleb D. Everett, and Dr. Pamela Geller for their steadfast support of INURED’s work in Haiti. This study benefitted from the disaster research expertise of Dr. William Siembieda of California Polytechnic State University. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of several University of Miami graduate students: Nadia L. Fleurantin and Rhoda K. Moise who conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Haiti and participated in the analysis, Vivek Singh and Wei Peng who contributed to the quantitative analysis for this report, and the Department of Anthropology’s office assistant, Jonathan Lo, for his contributions to this report. We are grateful to INURED’s field survey supervisors and ethnographers: Dieufait Noelsaint, Peterson Telus, Pierre Rigaud Dubuisson, Johnny Louissaint, David Jasmin, and Olriche Fortin. We would like to acknowledge the community members who participated in the implementation of this study: Jean Emmanuel Saimber, Fresna Civil, Esther Osias, Jude Jeanty, Jeannoune Mathurin, Georgeman St. Louis, Jean Hernous Logiste, Marie Glainaise Exavier, Dieubert Charles, Marie Dila Logiste, Fresnel Civil, Valina Raymond, Caleb Estinvil, Jude Paul, Jean Henry Alexandre, Danis Louis, Jeto Jean, Jerson Orthelus, and Evens Civil. Dabouze Estinvil provided outstanding leadership to the data management team, which included Kethia Charles, Jimmy Alexandre, and Reginald Jones. Much of the fieldwork was carried out in remote areas of the southern region of Haiti, so we wish to thank INURED’s drivers: Samuel Damus, Bonald Toussaint, Jackison Donacien, Jean Robert Juste, Jean Robert Tancil, and Jonas Joachim. We would like to thank the Observatoire Citoyen des Pourvoirs Publics (OCAPH) and the Consortium de la Société Civile for helping to desseminate the results of the study. Finally, we would like to express our sincerest gratitude to the mayors offices in Anse d’Hainault, Chambellan, Côteaux, Dame Marie, and Les Anglais who welcomed our teams to their communities and helped organize restitution meetings with senior staff and community leaders to discuss the results of this study and explore how to move forward with recovery and reconstruction efforts in the Sud and Grande-Anse departments. AFTER HURRICANE MATTHEW | II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On October 4, 2016, a category 4 storm, Hurricane Matthew, devastated the southern region of Haiti. In its aftermath, the Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development (INURED) in collaboration with the Center for Haitian Studies (CHS) and Project Medishare (Medishare) implemented a post-disaster study in the most affected regions of the departments of Grande-Anse and Sud. The objectives of this mixed methods study, which included surveys, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, ethnographic observation, and mapping, were to (a) determine the impact of the disaster on affected communities, (b) assess these communities’ perceived needs, and (c) identify and map local resources and assets that are critical for an equitable recovery and reconstruction. The findings revealed that while disaster remains an existential threat to Haiti due to its geographic location, high levels of poverty, institutional fragility, minimal resources, deforestation, poor urban planning, limited infrastructure, and the threat of climate change, limited investments have been made in disaster preparedness. Less than half of all survey participants reported that disaster warning systems existed, and many of these individuals questioned their efficacy. While the Haitian government reported that there were more than 1,300 temporary shelters nationwide, survey and ethnographic data revealed that the dilapidated shelter system, which reflected poor construction practices throughout the country, contributed to the population’s vulnerability during the disaster. POST-DISASTER STUDY SURVEY Grande-Anse Department 33 21 1 Chambellan 9 1 2 Anse d’Hainault 189 2 3 Dame Marie 15 245 Household Surveys 20 Community Leader Surveys FINDINGS (BASED ON SURVEY RESPONSES) HEALTHCARE PHYSICAL HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH POTABLE WATER TOILET OR LATRINE Family Lack of Lack of Lack of Physical member has access to access to access to health mental health potable toilet or healthcare problems issues water latrine 67% 82% 64% 77% 76% RECOMMENDATIONS • The Government of Haiti (GoH) • The GoH should hire agricultural • The Ministry of Agriculture • The MoA should collaborate • The GoH should earmark funds should establish agricultural extension workers and (MOA) should collaborate with with the faculty of agronomy at to provide free schooling and banks that provide loans to local veterinarians to revitalize the faculty of agronomy at universities to survey and catalog supplies to the victims of the farmers associations, women’s crop production and animal universities to conduct scientific rare, indigenous trees that have disaster. organizations, and cooperatives. husbandry in the impacted investigations to identify been destroyed in the region for communes. solutions to pest threats to replanting and reforestation. agriculture and livestock in the PROJECT TIMELINE impacted areas. OCT 4 OCT 10 NOV DEC 2016 2016 2016 2016 Hurricane Matthew hits INURED self-funds a CHS and Medishare grant Study implementation southern region of Haiti preliminary assessment funds to help INURED begins of the impact of implement the study Hurricane Matthew on the Grand Sud III | AFTER HURRICANE MATTHEW AFTER HURRICANE MATTHEW The impact of the disaster continues to be felt more than 6 months later. Many have lost family members who have not been accounted for in official reports. The majority of study participants still lacked a suitable place to live (93%), access to potable water (77%), and a toilet or latrine (76%). The majority (82%) of study participants reported suffering post-Matthew illnesses ranging from dysentery to malaria. Not surprisingly, study results also show a positive correlation between lack of access to proper sanitation and poor physical health. Most notable is that the level of devastation caused by the hurricane resulted in 78% of study participants suffering from distress, and 64% reported that at least one member of their household experienced mental health issues. The damage done to the environment devastated the agricultural and fisheries sectors, posing immediate threats of food security (for 96% of participants), and loss of economic livelihood (for 90% of participants). In the face of such great need, aid has been consistently characterized as insufficient, which has been followed by accusations of the politicization of aid. Thus, any intervention that aims to assist communities in recovering and rebuilding must, necessarily, build on existing community assets: land ownership, which can serve as the basis for the development of financial instruments (e.g., loans, credit) and enable individuals to relaunch gainful economic activities; cooperative networks, which can be used as leverage to promote community-based recovery
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