FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA DEPOK, 2019
INUSHARTS 2019 PROGRAM BOOK
ã 2019 www.inusharts.ui.ac.id
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT III ABOUT THE CONFERENCE 1 WELCOME SPEECH CONFERENCE DIRECTOR 2 WELCOME SPEECH DEAN OF FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA 3 SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM 4 PLENARY SPEAKERS 6 PLENARY SESSIONS 15 EXTENDED ABSTRACTS SPEAKERS 17 ROUNDTABLE & PANEL SESSIONS 25 EXTENDED ABSTRACTS ROUNDTABLE & PANEL SESSIONS 41 SUBTHEME: ARTICULATING IDENTITY IN THE ERA OF MOBILITY 41 SUBTHEME: CRITICAL (CULTURAL) PERSPECTIVE ON RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN INDONESIA 72 SUBTHEME: EXCAVATING INDONESIAN CULTURAL ARTEFACTS AND REJUVENATING CULTURAL HERITAGES 100 SUBTHEME: GENDER RELATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITIES 109 SUBTHEME: INTERDISCIPLINARITY IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS: AN INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVE 137 SUBTHEME: INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ARCHIVING IN CONTEMPORARY KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION 177 SUBTHEME: THE POLITICS OF PUBLIC MEMORY AND HISTORY IN INDONESIA 195 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 227
iv INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
This page is intentionally left blank
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 1
ABOUT THE CONFERENCE
This year, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, is revamping our annual international event (INUSHARTS) as we aim to become a dissemination platform for excellent and innovative research works. INUSHARTS 4.0. is an international conference for undergraduate and postgraduate students, lecturers, independent scholars and practitioners to present and publish their research findings. The targeted outputs are 8 edited volumes (indexed by Scopus), 1 special issue in IRHS journal (indexed by Copernicus), and an ISSN national proceeding. Potential articles should fit one of the eight subthemes in order to be accepted for presentations and publications, particularly for the edited volumes.
The fourth International University Symposium on Humanities and Arts will be held in Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, on 23 – 25 July 2019. The symposium will look at the theme of “Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts”, that will be divided into 8 subthemes:
• Interdisciplinarity in Applied Linguistics: An Indonesian Perspective • Information Science and Archiving in Contemporary Knowledge Production • Articulating Identity in the Era of Mobility • Critical (Cultural) Perspectives on Religion and Spirituality in Indonesia • Excavating Indonesian Cultural Artefacts and Rejuvenating Cultural Heritage • The Politics of Public Memory and History in Indonesia • Environmental Sustainability within Indonesian Regional Development • Gender Relations and Social Inequalities
2 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
WELCOME SPEECH CONFERENCE DIRECTOR
I am very pleased in welcoming you to the 2019 University Symposium on Humanities and Arts. This year, we are revamping the conference to create a more dynamic space for scholars to share their research projects. Furthermore, to keep up with the trending discourse of digital technology and to capture the youthful energy, we intentionally label this year’s conference as INUSHARTS 4.0. Coincidentally, this year marks the fourth year of this scholarly event, so we aim to make a not only memorable but also prolific conference.
Before we oficially start the conference, let me extend my warmest welcome to our distinguished speakers: Dr. Monika Arnez (Asia Research Institute, Singapore & University of Hamburg, Germany), Dr. Ahmad Najib Burhani (Indonesian Institute of Science), Dr. Richmond Stroupe (Soka University, Japan), Dr. Bart Barendregt (Leiden University, Netherlands), Dr. Chiara Zazzaro (University of Naples “L’Orientale”, Italy), Dr. Heinzpeter Znoj (Bern University, Switzerland), Dr. Dong Geun Oh (Keimyung University, South Korea) and Dr. Paul Bijl (Utrecht University, Netherlands).
On behalf of the Conference Committee, I wish to thank Dr. Adrianus Waworuntu, the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities, and Dr. Irmawati Marwoto and Dr. Manneke Budiman, the Vice Deans of the Faculty of Humanities, for the constant support. As the biggest international scholarly event in our Faculty that is held annually, INUSHARTS 4.0 is a platform for not only undergraduate but also postgraduate students, lecturers, independent scholars and practitioners to engage in academic discussions and to publish their research projects. The outcome of this conference are edited volumes by Springer/Palgrave/Nova, a special issue International Review of Humanities Studies and an ISSN conference proceeding.
Finally, I would like to thank my fellow committee members. This year’s conference committee consists of 11 young, energetic and promising individuals from the Faculty of Humanities with the support of the staff and student LOs from the Faculty of Humanities.
Let me now close this opening speech by wishing you a delightful and stimulating conference. Thank you!
Julia Wulandari, M.Hum.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 3
WELCOME SPEECH DEAN OF FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Welcome …
It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the University Symposium on Humanities and Arts or INUSHARTS 4.0. I am greatly honored and pleased to welcome the distinguished speakers to our faculty. We are indeed honored to have you here with us. This year will be the fourth time INUSHARTS has been held by the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia. Previous conferences have produced more than 500 articles that have been processed in national and international publication platforms. This year, there are more than 250 research projects that will be presented in the conference on a variety of intriguing topics under the theme “Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts.”
The Faculty of Humanities aims to be an internationally-recognized center of excellence not only in teaching but also in research, which is in accordance with Universitas Indonesia’s roadmap. The goal is not only to expand the number of international collaborations particularly in multidisciplinary research projects but also to increase the number of international publications. In the University’s roadmap, we aim to publish at least 2000 internationally-indexed articles; fortuitously, we have exceeded that goal and publish more than 2500 articles. In the spirit of pursuing a more rigorous academic and research atmosphere, INUSHARTS has become a part of the University and Faculty’s mission in disseminating research results which we also expect to benefit the society in general.
I sincerely hope all of you will enjoy the next three days of scholarly discussions and networking. Thank you for your participation and once again, welcome to our green campus.
I sincerely hope you will have a fruitful experience in the next three days of discussions and networking. Thank you and enjoy the symposium.
Dr. Adrianus Laurens Gerung Waworuntu, S.S., M.A.
4 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 5
PLENARY SPEAKERS
6 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
PLENARY SPEAKERS
Dr. Richmond Stroupe (Soka University, Japan)
Dr. Richmond Stroupe is currently a visiting researcher in the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia. He has worked with university and professional language-learners from Asia since 1989. At the moment, he is a Professor and Program Chair for the Master in International Language Education: TESOL at Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.
He is active in a number of professional organisations, including the Japan Association for Language Teaching (JALT), where he is the Chair of the International Affairs Committee, and TESOL International (United States), where he is the Chair of the Standing Committee on Standards. Regionally, Richard continues to be an international mentor for the CamTESOL Conference series and is also editor-in-chief of the related academic publication, Language Education in Asia, supported by IDP Education.
He regularly presents and publishes scholarly work related to his academic interests, including curriculum development, teacher training, and international comparative education. His recent publications are: “English and language-in-education policy in the ASEAN Plus Three Forum” in Asian Englishes (2017) and “The Language Educator and Globalization: How Do We Best Prepare Our Learners?” in Asian-Focused ELT Research and Practice: Voices from the Far Edge (2017).
He also co-edited English Language Teacher Preparation in Asia: Policy, Research and Practice, published by Routledge in 2019.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 7
Dr. Dong Geun Oh (Keimyung University, South Korea)
Dr. Dong Geun Oh is a Professor of Department of Library and Information Science, Graduate School at Keimyung University, South Korea. He has contributed to the library communities both in Korea and internationally through writing, teaching, lecturing, and promoting cooperative works between university and industry in Korea as well as among international scholars.
He has written, translated, and edited more than 40 books, and published more than 60 articles both in the national and international journals. He is a President of International Library and Information Science Society (I-LISS 2017-2019), President of Korean Library and Information Science Society, 2016-2017), and Co-Editor in Chief of Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice, International Journal.
He is the recipients of “Korean Library Award 2001”(KLA), “Academy Award 2009”(Korean Library and Information Science Society), “Distinguished Achievement Award 2012” (Keimyung University), etc. He has had many lectures home and abroad, including China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, etc.
8 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Dr. Bart Barendregt (Leiden University, Netherlands)
Dr. Bart Barendregt is an associate professor and at the Leiden Institute of Cultural Anthropology and Sociology in the Netherlands. At present, he is the director of studies and lectures on media, youth and digital culture, as well as the anthropology and sociology of modern Southeast Asian culture and society. He was until recently affiliated with the Articulation of Modernity Project; a four-year project funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), which was hosted by the Royal Institute for Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV-KNAW).
Within the framework of this project, Bart is currently working on his monograph on what is the world’s most popular, commercial and gendered of Islamist musics, nasheed and the mixing of religion, youth culture and politics that has become so popular among Malaysian and Indonesian student- activists.
Since the early nineties Bart has conducted a total of five years of fieldwork in Java, Sumatra, Malaysia and the Philippines. His most recent publications are: “Princess Siti and the Particularities of Post Islamist Pop” in an edited volume Vamping the Stage Voices of Asian Modernities by University of Hawaii Press and “Dara Puspita: Rockin’ the Roaring Sixties in Indonesia” in The Sixties, a Worldwide Happening.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 9
Dr. Monika Arnez (Asia Research Institute/University of Hamburg)
Dr. Monika Arnez is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow in the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore and she is also an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Humanities, Asia Africa Institute, University of Hamburg, Germany. She is a former visiting professor and interim holder of the Chair of Comparative Development and Cultural Studies at the University of Passau, ERASMUS guest professor at the University of Copenhagen and guest Professor at Gajah Mada University.
She received her PhD in Indonesian and Malay Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cologne, Germany. In 2015 and 2019 she received the Teaching Innovation Award from University of Hamburg / Germany.
In 2008 and 2009, she conducted a research on “Re-defining gender in Indonesia: Empowerment strategies of Muslim women activists”, which was funded by the German Research Foundation.
For her recent publications, she coedited a book entitled Traditions Redirecting Contemporary Indonesian Productions published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing in 2017 and in this book, she wrote an article “Dancing the Past: Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk and Sang Penari.” In 2016, she coedited The Role of Religions in the European Perception of Insular and Mainland Southeast Asia: Travel Accounts of the 16th to the 21st Century also published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
10 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Dr. Heinzpeter Znoj (Bern University, Switzerland)
Dr. Heinzpeter Znoj is a full professor at the Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern, Switzerland. He is also the acting director, Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern and the current Director of the board of the Center for Development and Environment, University of Bern. His most recent research project in Indonesia was from 2014 to 2017: “Feminisation, agricultural transition and rural employment: Social and political conditions of asset-building in the context of export-led agriculture and alternative income generating opportunities” and it was funded by the SNF and SDC.
In University of Bern, he teaches the history of social anthropology, economic anthropology, anthropological theory and ethnographic methods. His outreach activities at high-schools are giving lectures on social anthropology in geography courses and to geography teachers.
His recent publications are “Rain Forest Anomy. National parks, REDD+ implementation and the run to the forest in Jambi, Indonesia” which was a chapter in a Commons in a ‘Glocal’ World. Global Connections and Local Responses. He also coedited a special issue of ANHROPOS “Churches, Mission and Development in the post-colonial Era. Christian Engagements between holistic and modernist schemes of improvement.” Both were published this year in 2019.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 11
Dr. Ahmad Najib Burhani (Indonesia Institute of Science)
Dr. Ahmad Najib Burhani is a Senior Researcher at the Research Center for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia. At the moment, he is also a member of the Study Team of Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden (Advisory Council for the President of the Republic of Indonesia).
From 2004-2014, he was a lecturer, in Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN), Jakarta teaching Anthropology of Religion, Research Methods, and Conflict & Peace in Religions. He received his PhD. in Religious Studies at The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), USA, in 2013.
His most recent journal publication are: “Pluralism, Liberalism and Islamism: Religious Outlook of Muhammadiyah,” in Studia Islamika, published in 2018; “Enticing (and splitting) the Conservative votes? Ma’ruf Amin as Jokowi’s 2019 vice-presidential candidate,” ISEAS Perspective, also published in 2018; “Geertz’s Trichotomy of Abangan, Santri, and Priyayi: Controversy and Continuity” in Journal of Indonesian Islam, published in 2017.
He just recently published a book: Menemani Minoritas: Paradigma Islam tentang Keberpihakan dan Pembelaan kepada yang Lemah which he will be sharing also with us on his presentation today.
12 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Dr. Chiara Zazzaro (University of Naples “L’Orientale”, Italy)
Dr. Chiara Zazzaro currently works at the University of Napoli "L'Orientale". She teaches and does research in Maritime Archaeology.
Her recent research projects are the naval ethnoarchaeology project “The Nile Project” from 2016 to today and “Arab boats: models of boats from the National Prehistoric Ethnographic Museum L. Pigorini” (collection of the former African Colonial Museum, lslAO) also from 2016 until now.
Her most recent publication is “From Boatyard to Museum: 3D laser scanning and digital modelling of the Qatar Museums watercraft collection” (International Journal of Nautical Archaeology) in 2018 and “Remembering the sea: Personal and communal recollections of maritime life in Jizan and the Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia” (Journal of Maritime Archaeology) in 2016.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 13
Dr. Paul Bijl (Utrecht University, Netherlands)
Dr. Paul Bijl teaches comparative literature at Utrecht University. He was trained as a scholar of literature in Amsterdam and Utrecht and has been a visiting scholar at UCLA, Columbia University, Universitas Indonesia and KITLV in Leiden.
He specializes in memory studies, photography, Indonesian and Dutch colonial and postcolonial history as well as the history of human rights and citizenship.
He has published a book on Dutch postcolonial memory and forgetting (Emerging Memory: Photographs of Colonial Atrocity in Dutch Cultural Remembrance) and also articles on the same topic among which “Colonial Memory and Forgetting in the Netherlands and Indonesia” in Journal of Genocide Research, articles on the history of human rights, special issue of Citizenship Studies entitled “Citizenship in Asian History”, edited together with Gerry van Klinken, and together with Grace V.S. Chin edited the volume Appropriating Kartini: Colonial, National and Transnational Memories of an Indonesian Icon, which is forthcoming with ISEAS Press in Singapore.
14 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
PLENARY SESSIONS Schedule and Abstracts
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 15
PLENARY SESSIONS
Day 1 - Tuesday, 23 July 2019, Auditorium Building IX
Time Activities 07.30 – 08.30 Re-registration and coffee break
08.30 – 09.00 Opening Ceremony Welcome Speech: Julia Wulandari, M.Hum. (Conference Director)
Dr. Adrianus Laurens Gerung Waworuntu, S.S., M.A. (Dean of Faculty of Humanities) 09.30 – 10.30 Plenary Session 1 Dr. Richmond Stroupe In response to diversity: Allowing for voice and identity through language education
Dr. Dong Geun Oh Developing, revising, and maintaining national classification system: Lessons from Korean Decimal Classification
Moderator: Lilie M. Roosman, Ph.D. 10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break 10.30 – 12.00 Plenary Session 2 Dr. Bart Barendregt Articulating Sound Identities; Southeast Asia’s Modern; Mobile Age in About 4 Records
Dr. Monika Arnez Hey, Siri, play my practice playlist! Exploring the link between digital voice assistants and action movies
Moderator: Dr. L.G. Saraswati Putri 12.00 – 13.00 Lunch and prayer break 13.30 – 15.00 Plenary Session 3 Dr. Heinzpeter Znoj Growing Rice according to the Hijrah Calendar: A political- ecological Riddle from Central Sumatra
Dr. Ahmad Najib Burhani Neither Insider nor Outsider: Crossing Boundaries in the Study of Religious Minorities in Indonesia
Moderator: Yudi Bachrioktora, M.A 15.00 – 15.30 Coffee break
16 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Time Activities 15.30 – 17.00 Plenary Session 4 Dr. Chiara Zazzaro Strategies and methods for recording and managing maritime cultural heritage
Dr. Paul Bijl Studying Cultural Memory in Indonesia
Moderator: Dr. Andri Purnomo
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 17
EXTENDED ABSTRACTS SPEAKERS
In response to diversity: Allowing for voice and identity through language education
Richmond Stroupe (Soka University)
Covering an area of approximately 1.8 million square kilometers, and including a vast number of ethic and linguistic groups, encompassing approximately 700 indigenous and minority languages, from varying cultural backgrounds (Australian Government, 2017; Goebel, 2017; Hadisantosa, 2010; Riza, 2008; Zein, 2018b, Zien, Sukyadi, Hamied & Lengkanawati, 2018), Indonesia presents a unique opportunity to examine how its education system addresses such a variety of needs across such a diverse context. Likewise, any second language education including English presents unique challenges in such a linguistically diverse context. Examining how such an education system addresses these challenges would be useful for policy makers, administrators, teacher educators, and teachers throughout the region as these stakeholders are faced with similar challenges in other Asian countries and beyond (Kirkpatrick, 2017; Stroupe & Maggioli, 2018; Zein, 2018a, 2018b).
One recent innovative approach to investigating communication in multilingual contexts in general and in language learning classrooms in particular is a focus on translanguaging. This term refers to the techniques, strategies and language practices used by bilinguals to communicate in multilingual contexts (Garcia & Lim, 2017; Palmer et al., 2014; Turnbull, 2018; Zein, 2018b). This approach to communication allows for the use of multiple languages in order to convey meaning while at the same time allowing learners to exert their own voice and identity in the language classroom. Research in Indonesia provides a unique opportunity to observe how preservice teacher education programs can prepare teachers to address the diverse needs of learners by utilizing diverse linguistic resources through incorporating national, foreign, official, indigenous and minority languages into learning environments (Zein et al., 2018).
Participants for the current ongoing research project are drawn from four groups: Current preservice language educators, teacher educators, graduated / practicing teachers, and institutional leaders (principles, headmasters, etc.). In-depth individual or group interviews were conducted with members of each of the four groups. Interviews have been transcribed and coded in order to determine trends in the data. Classroom observations have also been conducted with practicing teachers and are used to confirm information
18 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
gathered through interviews as to actual practice in the language-learning classroom.
Developing, revising, and maintaining national classification system: Lessons from Korean Decimal Classification
Dong Geun Oh (Keimyung University)
Korean Decimal Classification (KDC) is one of the standard classification systems officially published and maintained by the national library associations and used nation-wide in South Korea. Various characteristics of KDC including the background of development, its usage in the Korea, influences of other classifications on the system, the schedule and major tables, revision process of newest edition (6th edition) through cooperative efforts, based on the former international publications of the author, with a special regard to the ways of writing articles using some specific national topics.
Articulating Sound Identities; Southeast Asia’s Modern; Mobile Age in About 4 Records
Bart Barendregt (Leiden University)
Today, a wide range of popular music carriers such as shellacs, cassettes and online MP3 archives provide sound archaeologists, sonic detectives, discographers amateur, and academics alike with the means to seriously undertake and update their research on what the twentieth century may have sounded like, and what it tells Southeast Asians about the history of them as particular people and their place in the world. Such histories often break with official narratives and expose musical identity work still often overseen or too little heard.
The Leiden-based Articulating Modernity project is an effort to produce such auditory histories, studying Southeast Asia in the age of the Modern: from the very uptake of sound technologies at the brink of the 19 th century and situating Southeast Asian popular music in specific socio- historical settings. Struggles over the meanings of modernity and modern identities, are nowhere as explicit as in the realm of the entertainment industry. In its constant urge to produce ever new fashions, lifestyles and markets and using new iconic (sound) technologies, we find a glimpse of how and why people have taken up ideas of the modern, and how modern identities are made, unmade and remade.
In this lecture, we ‘closely listen’ to four Southeast Asian records produced in four different eras and facilitated by various sound technologies, and especially to the often-novel and mobile identities they have helped articulate. As we
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 19
closely listen, these records resonate the amplification (and gentrification) of the 1920s diva, the (not so) rebellious 1960s youthful hipster, the longing migrants that musically obtains herself a place in the 1980s big melting pot that is Jakarta, or, for that sake, contemporary do-it-yourself Islamists. How did new recording technologies afford for novel modern lifestyles that by now are often largely ignored or forgotten and what are the often ambiguous and multifarious identities these brief excerpts may help us expose as we try to fit them with other recent ‘hearings’ of Southeast Asia’s modern Age?
Hey, Siri, play my practice playlist! Exploring the link between digital voice assistants and action movies
Monika Arnez (Asia Research Institute/Hamburg University)
Computers and smartphones, electronic devices commonly used by most people across the globe, have a profound impact on our everyday life. Not only do they structure our lives, but they have also changed in which we communicate with each other. Female digital voice assistants installed on smartphones have been developed to help busy people to organize their lives, providing weather forecasts, playing music, scheduling appointments and making payments.
Apple, Microsoft and Amazon have developed their own female voice assistants: Siri, Cortana, and Alexa. A recent UN report published in 2019 finds that these voice assistants reinforce gender bias.
Drawing on an Apple I Phone advertisement from 2017 that uses Dwayne Johnson, „The Rock “, as protagonist and inspired by film analysis as an analytical tool, this talk demonstrates how gender bias is embedded in this advertisement specifically and in female digital voice assistants more generally. What do they tell us about gender bias? To what extent is this gender bias culture-specific? The second part of this talk looks at how gender bias emerges in the Indonesian action movie Merantau (2009) and to what extent it differs from the advertisement examined before, taking the role of Islam into account.
20 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Growing Rice according to the Hijrah Calendar: A political-ecological Riddle from Central Sumatra
Heinzpeter Znoj (Bern University)
In Sungai Tenang and Serampas, a unique schedule for rice growing both on irrigated and rain-fed fields has been common until very recently, the Islamic lunar year of 354 days, the Hijrah. It causes the crop cycles to shift through the seasons every 33 years and is responsible for a marked reduction of average harvest yields compared to seasonal planting. This odd schedule has puzzled the few colonial observers who have noticed it here or in other parts of central Sumatra. It poses two main questions.
1) It is generally assumed that sustainable traditional shifting cultivation in the Indonesian archipelago is based on intimate knowledge of nature’s rhythms and seasonal constraints – how come, then, that in highland Jambi, the following of an utterly anthropogenic rhythm is sufficiently successful?
2) The puzzle is even greater when it comes to the question what motives could have led to its adoption: In pre-colonial highland Jambi, there was no established central political or religious power to speak of, which could have forced peasants to coordinate their planting schedules. There is evidence that up to the early 1890s, planting schedules in highland Jambi, from Kerinci through Serampas to Sungai Tenang differed from village to village. Neither could the practice of Islamic rituals by itself be a sufficient reason to synchronize it with agriculture. Other groups in Sumatra, which were even more committed to Islam at the period, like the Minangkabau, had seasonal planting schedules, in this period. Nor can, finally, the comparatively favorable ecological conditions of the highlands, which make the adoption of the Islamic agricultural calendar tolerable, explain it as its cause.
I will show in my paper that the questions about the introduction on the one hand and the persistence and social and ecological sustainability on the other, of the Hijrah-based agricultural calendar have to be kept separate. The driving force behind the adoption was a military one, the anti-kafir mobilization during the decade before the Dutch conquest of the highlands. Its persistence can be explained by the fact that the adoption resulted in a syncretistic synchronization of two series of community rituals, which benefited both the leaders of the Islamic annual religious festivals and those of formerly seasonal rice rituals.
I will argue in my conclusions that the Hijrah-based agricultural calendar in highland Jambi has been at the basis of more than a century of social and environmental stability and food security. Its ongoing replacement by market oriented, high output agricultural schemes goes along with significant environmental and social destabilization.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 21
Neither Insider nor Outsider: Crossing Boundaries in the Study of Religious Minorities in Indonesia
Ahmad Najib Burhani (Indonesian Institute of Science & ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute)
Who is more authoritative in researching certain religious minorities, insider or outsider? How to apply the concept of ‘detachment’, ‘neutrality’, and ‘bracketing’ in studying religious groups officially declared by majority of ulama and mainstream religious organizations as deviant cults like Ahmadiyah, indigenous religions, and Lia Eden? And how would the various concepts, methods, and scientific theories, such as ‘going native’ and ‘participant observation’ be applied in the field? How to negotiate between faith and science, our identity as part of religious mainstream and orthodox group in studying communities deemed ‘heretic’? How does our identity as a non-Ahmadi affect our research and judgment about Ahmadiyah? This paper intends to discuss the experience in studying religious heterodoxies and indigenous beliefs in Indonesia, in applying various theories and academic principles in the study of this community, and how to behave towards individual conflicts and controversies surrounding the issue of orthodoxy-heterodoxy, mainstream- non-mainstream, and religion vs. belief. This paper is based on seven-year experience of living with, studying, and participating in the activities of religious minorities in Indonesia, Singapore, Japan, India, England, and the United States.
Strategies and methods for recording and managing maritime cultural heritage
Chiara Zazzaro (University of Naples, “L’Orientale”)
The study and management of the ancient and traditional maritime heritage share similar problems, approaches and methods. This is referred not only to the methods of recording and representing boats, but also to the understanding of processes of construction, transmission of knowledge, definition and classification of boat types, and specific nautical terminology.
Recent researches have demonstrated the importance of comparing past and present practices of conceiving and building boats. In this sense, the constant collaboration among nautical archaeologists, ethnographer, wooden boat builders and naval engineers has been revealed crucial.
In fact, if on one side, the study of traditional boats and boatbuilding can contribute to a better understanding of archaeological issues, such as the processes of construction or variations in boat typology, on the other side,
22 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
archaeological survey methods have largely contributed to the improvement of recording and representing contemporary maritime material culture.
Another important aspect to consider, is the value of the maritime heritage management and fruition to reinforce local maritime identities and to reconnect past and present, new and old generations. This can be achieved by involving the wider public in maritime related visual and practical experiences, such as museum exhibitions, experimentations of ancient and traditional sailing, and through the revival of the traditional boatbuilding industry.
Purpose of this presentation is to illustrate recent improvements in boat recording and representations (new solution and innovations) and new strategies adopted in enhancing and managing the maritime heritage, demonstrating the importance of the multidisciplinary approach and of a wider and more substantial vision.
Studying Cultural Memory in Indonesia
Paul Bijl (Utrecht University)
This lecture sketches the outline for an edited scholarly volume on cultural memory in Indonesia. Its starting point are the abstracts of the Inusharts conference 2019 as well as earlier publications on memory in Indonesia. I will discuss the foundations of cultural memory studies as well as recent developments. What can the study of cultural memory offer Indonesia and what can Indonesia offer the study of cultural memory? “Memory” is a term first of all associated with what happens in people’s heads, but as scholars of history and culture we can only study what people have written down, or turned into images, practices, rituals, events and other “media” such as texts, paintings, music, protests and historical sites. What people remember from the past and how they remember it tells us something about the present: memories are responses to urgent needs. As people are social beings, memories are always shaped in relation to others and it is therefore that governments, ethnic groups (East Nusa Tenggara, Chinese Indonesians), religious groups, women, men and other social collectives remember the past in different ways. This means that memory can be found everywhere: in museums, on stamps and in history classes, but also in government policies, political maneuvering, laws and religious practices.
Whereas, on the one hand, state memory is often focused on victory and order, on the other hand victims and critics, if permitted to speak, focus more on protests that went unfulfilled and on trauma. Just as important as memory is forgetting, with the latter coming in two variants: true forgetting, meaning disappearance without a trace, and silence, in which things are not really
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 23
forgotten, but also not talked about. Memory studies is strongly focused on the West, although an increasing number of publications includes insights on memory in the Global South. Although I believe that everything that can be found in Europe can also be found in Indonesia, and vice versa, some elements of cultural memory in Indonesia are less prominent in Europe. We need to talk about ghosts.
Through studying cultural memory in Indonesia, we can add to the following fields: 1. Indonesian historical, cultural, social and political studies. Memory plays a role in all of Indonesian history, from the Medang Empire (e.g., to India) to the post-1965 period, from Borobudur to horror films and from local to regional, national and transnational contexts. 2. Memory studies. This field is strongly focused on the West: how does memory work partly differently in Indonesia? Different concepts of time and space, for instance Minangkabau rantau, the ratu adil and the widespread presence of hantu can help provincialize European memory studies. 3. Other fields that can profit from insights in memory studies, including law, institutional studies, tourism studies and education.
24 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
ROUND TABLE & PANEL SESSIONS Schedule and extended abstracts
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 25
ROUNDTABLE & PANEL SESSIONS Day 2 - Wednesday, 24 July 2019, Building IV
Time Activities 08.00 - 09.15 Panel Session 1 Presenters
Room 4103 Panel I A (IDE)
1 Analysis of Özil's Statement in the Social Media Adam Firdaus, Maria Regina Widhiasti Shelvi Lady Anjeria, Maria Regina 2 Discrimination in the Film Race (2016) Widhiasti Female Empowerment and Femininity in Barbie's Alyssa Melita Rahmat (moderator), 3 YouTube Channel on the Campaign of "You Can Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan be Anything"
Room 4107 Panel I B ( IDE )
Anugrah Setiani RAS, Rahadjeng 1 Dictions on Li Bai's and Du Fu's Parting Poems Pulungsari Hadi Symbols and The Meaning of Women in The Nurbaity Ningsih (moderator) , 2 Poems of Li Bai, Wang Changling and Du Fu Rahadjeng Pulungsari Hadi Character's Conflict In The Movie Plot of Ju Dou Reyzka Alya Arjodi, Rahadjeng 3 菊豆 (1990) Pulungsari Hadi
Room 4108 Panel I C ( HIS )
Children of Revolution: Social Sides of Jakarta in 1 Yuda Benharry Tangkilisan a Time of Revolution, 1945--1949 Eastern and Western in the Novel Pengaruh Ayyubie Cantika Yuranda (Moderator), 2 Keadaan by Selasih Sunu Wasono Fatwa of Family Planning Program in Indonesia 3 Azrohal Hasan from 1968 to 1990
Room 4207 Panel I D (LING)
A discourse analysis on Logan Paul's apology Poppy Amalia Binraya (Moderator), 1 tweet and video: Are they apologetic enough? Yasmine Anabel Panjaitan Allusion in Corat-coret di Toilet by Eka Nitrasattri Handayani, Cantika Lydia Ayu 2 Kurniawan as Social Criticism Mandira Analysing The Meaning of Hate Speech by Galuh Triastuti Cahyaningtyas, M. Sally 3 Werner Steer to Mesut Özil H. L. Pattinasarany
Room 4208 Panel I E (GEN)
The Concept of Ideal Woman in Verbal Abuse: Izzatun Nafsi (Moderator), Putu 1 Analysis of Korean Movie "Kim Bok-Nam Pramania Adnyana Salinsageonui Jeonmal" Tolerance as an Act of Love in Medea and Her 2 Helena Darcy, Thera Widyastuti Children: A Buberian Reading 3 Women in Sixt's Advertising Videos in 2018 Syahila Minda, Maria Regina Widhiasti
Room 4209 Panel I F (GEN)
26 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
A Heaven For Queers?: Mise-en-scene Analysis 1 On Heteronormativity In Queer Narrative "San Dominick Wulandhani, Andika Wijaya Junipero" (2016) From TV Series Black Mirror Anachrony and Achrony in Vladimir Nabokov's 2 Лолита/Lolita/: A Study of the Order of Narrative Alsyifa Rifka Sabarini, Thera Widyastuti Tense Understanding Grief and Symbolism in Three Galih Bramantyo (Moderator), Marti 3 Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Fauziah Ariastuti A Portrayal of Masculinity in Causing Domestic 4 Shasti Salsabila, Marti Fauziah Ariastuti Violence As Seen in Big Little Lies
Room 4210 Panel I G (INF)
Development of Static Archive Storage Media in Gracia Yashodara, Yuliani Safitri, 1 the Face of Digital Era: Case Study of Archival Margareta Aulia Rachman Unit of FIB UI Electronic Content Management Using Social Margareta Aulia Rachman, Sabhrina 2 Media for Supporting and Primary Tools in Media Intan Ayutami, Regina Lisa Firstia Adverstising in Macro AD Company (Moderator)
Room 4211 Panel I H (HER & REL)
Gugon Tuhon of Baby Caring in Bulurejo Village, 1 Devi Kurniawati, Widhyasmaramurti Kediri City: Meaning and Function Gugon Tuhon of Eating Etiquette in Soko Village, Rr. Ratna Budi Andari (Moderator), 2 Purworejo: Meaning and Cultural Transfer across Widhyasmaramurti Generations Makna dan Fungsi Japa-Mantra di Tengah Hawa Intan Malayyana Sari, 3 Masyarakat Jawa: Studi Kasus di Desa Banyakan, Widhyasmaramurti Kediri, Jawa Timur
Room 4212 Panel I I (ENV)
Critique of the Approach of Environmental Ethics 1 Aulia Rahman Nugraha, Naupal in Islam through Muhammad Iqbal's Philosophy Development of the Concept of Environmental Valentina Beatrix Sondag (Moderator), 2 Education at the Jakarta Textile Museum Wanny Rahardjo Wahyudi Indonesian Graphic Center in the Development 3 Dayu Sri Herti of Printing in Indonesia 2004-2007
Room 4213 Panel I K (HIS )
Social Turbulence in Eastern Nusa Tenggara, Raditya Rahadian Kamajaya 1 After Fabianus Tibo Cs' Execution: Actors on the (Moderator), Muhammad Wasith albar, Friday, September 22, 2006 Execution Didik Pradjoko The Efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia In Taking Over Tin Mining Companies: 2 Agus Setiawan, Ranaka Adhitama A Case Study of Status of Billiton Maatschappij 1945-1958 Understanding Politics from Our Founding 3 Bilqis Fitria Salsabiela Fathers's View
09.15 - 10.30 Panel Session 2 Presenters
Room 4212 Panel II A (IDE)
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 27
Minorities in Lead: Collectivism and Self- Gita Ayu Maharani, Shuri Mariasih 1 Personalization in Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's Gietty Tambunan YouTube Political Campaign Videos Police and Terror in Der Baader Meinhof Maria Monica Wijaya (Moderator), 2 Komplex (2008) Film Lilawati Kurnia Representation of Nigerian Refugee in Germany 3 in the Film Willkommen bei den Hartmanns Saras Florentia, Maria Regina Widhiasti (2016)
Room 4213 Panel II B (IDE)
Characters of Russian Girls in The Russian Dinda Oktavia (moderator), Nia Kurnia 1 Children Song Sofiah Cyber Literature: Wattpad and Webnovel as 2 Mohamad Yoesoef Generation Z Reading in the Digital World Between-Place and Identity of Anne Frank in 3 Autobiography of "Das Tagebuch der Anne Nahla Faizah, Liyanti Frank"
Room 4214 Panel II C (HIS)
Health Insurance in Indonesia During The New Order Administration: The Dynamics of General 1 Agus Setiawan, Sofria Companies (Perum) Husada Bhakti Establishment 1984-1992 Highs and Lows in the Relationship Between 2 Hamka and Muhammadiyah During the Period of Akmal (Moderator) Guided Democracy Nasakom's Conception in the Short Story of Varia 3 Syifa Hanifah, Mamlahatun Buduroh Magazine In 1965
Room 4215 Panel II D (LING)
Intentional Modality Markers in Korean 1 language: through the approach of situational Nisrina Hanin, Usmi Context Korean to Indonesian Code-Mixing: A Case Study 2 Annisa Faristmedina (Moderator), Usmi of Three Native Indonesian Informants Latah Behavior of Young Women in Metropolitan 3 Ayu Nurulhaq Putri, Savira Mega Putri Cities (A Socio-psycholinguistics Study) Lexical Cohesion in Narrative Discourse 4th 4 Nitrasattri Handayani, Aisyah Graders in Elementary School
Room 4216 Panel II E (LING)
Commanding Speech Act in The Korean 1 Izza Gamapat Qonita, Usmi Language Countering the Crime Narrative: Evaluation Ripan Hermawan (Moderator), F. X. 2 Strategies in the Plea of an Accused in a Rahyono Corruption Trial Deixis in Titles that have Potential to be Clickbait 3 on Online Informational Media Line Today: Frans Asisi Datang, Adip Prasetyo Pragmatic Case Study
28 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Room 4201 Panel II F (LING)
Analysis of Metaphors In the Songs Titled 1 Zeitloses Lied I-V from the Stageplay Ab Heute Nabila Candani Hikmat, Leli Dwirika Heisst Du Sara The Translation Process of Indonesian Cuisine Syavira Paramitha Nugraha, M. Sally H. 2 Recipe's titles into German L. Pattinasarany Cohesion and Coherence in Three-Year-Old 3 Savira Mega Putri (moderator) Child's Narrative (A Psycholinguistics Study)
Room 4202 Panel II G (GEN )
Ken Rahmalia Masjhur (Moderator), 1 Disney's Liliths and Fear for Female Subjectivity Inditian Latifa Domestic Violence in It Ends With Us (2016) by Winda Dwiastuti, Harumi Manik Ayu 2 Collleen Hoover Yamin Dutch Life Dynamics in Dutch East Indies in Our Syadza Fadhilah, Barbara Elisabeth Lucia 3 Childhood in The Former Colonial Dutch East Pesulima Indies (2011)
Room 4203 Panel II H (GEN)
Beyond Human Rights: Reading Human Rights 1 through Immanuel Levinas's Theory of Ethics and Sulfiah, James Farlow Mendrofa Existentialism Black America: Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Mona Audryn Margaretha (Moderator), 2 Childish Gambino's "This is America" Yasmine Anabel Panjaitan Critique of the Ethics of Capitalism in Deux Jours, Muhammad Evan Alwin, Joesana 3 Une Nuit Tjahjani
Room 4205 Panel II I (INF)
Implementation of Archival Metrics to Measure Intan Veronika (Moderator), Anon 1 The Performance of Archive Management in Mirmani Universitas Indonesia Environment Information Management e-mail at The Rimba Selli Diana Br Bangun, Kintan Achria 2 Baca Library in Jakarta Putri, Nina Mayesti
Room 4206 Panel II J (INF)
09.15 - 10.30 Round Table 1 Presenters
Room 4103 Round table 1A (IDE)
Europe as the Other in Contemporary Indonesian 1 Ramayda Akmal (Moderator) Travel Literature Media Framing in Constructing the Identity of 2 Ibrahim Noosa Jawara The Tielman Brothers
Room 4107 Round table 1B (HIS)
Digital counter-archive. The digital pop culture as 1 a place for (re)constructing Indonesian memory Katarzyna Marta Glab about 1965 events
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 29
Kulliyatul Mujahidin: Building Islamic Da'wah 2 Yunadi Ramlan from a Narrow Alley Public Museums and Politics of Collective Atika Kurnia Putri, Syefri Luwis, Yuda B. 3 Memories in Indonesia during the New Order Tangkilisan (Moderator)
Room 4108 Round table 1C (LING)
Raya Jayawati Ratnawilis Amanah 1 Collocation of Terhadap in Indonesian Language Notonegoro, Totok Suhardijanto (moderator) Examining Grammatical and Social Competence 2 of Indonesian-speaking Children through the Use Bernadette Kushartanti of Temporal Conjunctions Podcasts and Language Learning: A German Dwi Putri Ningsih, Sonya Puspasari 3 Language Teachers' Perceptions and Attitudes Suganda
Room 4207 Round table 1D (GEN)
Au Commencement était la Mer by Maïssa Bey : 1 Widya Eka Putri, Suma Riella Rusdiarti Woman's Space and Subjectivity Expressions of Sexuality as a Means of Nariswari Tria Edriana, Manneke 2 Liberation: Janelle Monáe’s Black Queer Budiman (moderator) Portrayals in Dirty Computer (2018)
Room 4208 Round table 1E (INF)
Electronic Mail (E-Mail) Record Management at Alivia Rosearynandira, Lulu Habati Rizky, 1 SDN Kebon Jeruk 06 as Support in Education Margareta Aulia Rachman (moderator) Operational Activities Transferring Conventional Records to Electronic 2 Safarina Records in Kantor Kearsipan FIB UI
Room 4209 Round table 1F (REL)
Buhun People of Kranggan, Jatisampurna, Bekasi: 1 Dian Yasmina Fajri, Susanto Zuhdi Hiding in a Plain Sight 1965-2010 Limit Theory as Neo-Literalism and Its Role in Naufal Syahrin Wibowo, Naupal 2 Challenging Islamic Literalism and Liberalism (moderator)
Room 4210 Round table 1 G (ENV)
Preventing Disasters The Colonial Goverment's Agus Setiawan (moderator), Harry Fajar 1 Policy of Nature Conservation in Dutch East- Surya Indies 1900-1942 Abrasion, Modernization, and Adaptation: 2 Ecological Shifts in the Thousand Island of Salamun Ababil, Didik Pradjoko Indonesia 1982-2002
Room 4211 Round table 1 H (HER)
Feminist Perspective on the Museum 1 Wahyu Adi Nugroho Perdjoangan Bogor Exhibition Museum of Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin: A 2 Representation From National Hero Into Local Albertus Napitupulu (moderator) Hero.
30 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
10.45 - 12.30 Round Table 2 Presenters
Room 4103 Round table 2A (IDE)
Kampung Rama: A Critical Toponymy of Toraja Apriadi Bumbungan, Melani Budianta 1 Diasporic Sphere in Makassar (moderator) Islamization and Identity Construction of Orang 2 Sasak: An Analysis of Two Historical Sites of Farida Jaeka, Melani Budianta Gajah Mada in Lombok
Room 4107 Round table 2B (HIS)
Between Law and History: How Do the 1 Indonesia's Anti-Communism Laws Reflect the Harison Citra, Ganesh Cintika Putri Collective Memory of Past Atrocities? Conflict and Solution: Political Discourse in East 2 Nusa Tenggara during the struggle for Dwi Mulyatari Independence Period 1945-1950 Dadang Christanto's Paintings on PKI 1965 Karina Widyastuti, Muhammad Wasith 3 Tragedy: Historiography as Education of Visual Albar (moderator) Cultural Literacy in Indonesia
Room 4108 Round table 2C (LING)
Affixation Errors by Japanese Students Learning Fitri Shindy Fajriah, Mohammad Umar 1 Indonesian Muslim Riswani, Myrna Laksman-Huntley, Bugis Sinjai Language Phonological Interference 2 Harwintha Yuhria Anjarningsih to English Language (moderator) Code Switching in Group Chats of Instant 3 Messaging Applications among Indonesian Junior Wilda Khairani, Sri Munawarah High School Teenagers
Room 4207 Round table 2D (GEN)
Alienated Hybrid Children in Korea During the 1 Ashanti Widyana 1950s Transgressive Sexuality in Eka Kurniawan's and Witakania Sundasari, Aquarini Priyatna 2 Virginie Despentes' Novels (moderator), Christine Baron
Room 4208 Round table 2E (INF)
Criticism of Technological Democracy to Loosen Mutiara Indah Taher, James Farlow 1 The Grip of Technology: Issues of User Privacy Mendrofa (moderator) Space In Digital Network Digitization Process as a Form of Archives Nesia Nusantari, Farah Khairunnisa, 2 Preservation: case study in Kantor Arsip Margareta Aulia Rachman Universitas Indonesia
Room 4209 Round table 2F (REL)
Adiparwa Manuscript: Pyschoanalytic Literary 1 Sri Diaskandhi, Turita Indah Setyani Criticism on Hyang Agni Symbolism A Satire of Islamic Populism in Jason Ranti's Fauzan Rodi, Christina T. Suprihatin 2 Song, Bahaya Komunis (2016) (moderator)
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 31
Room 4211 Round table 2H (HER)
Analysis of Paleography and Re-interpretation Kayato Hardani, Ninny Soesanto 1 the Date of Short Inscriptions on Temple and Tedjowasono Stupa Perwara at Plaosan Lor Temple Complex Commodification of Seren Taun Rituals in Prita Setya Maharani, Tommy christomy 2 Kampung Urug (moderator)
13.30 - 15.30 Round Table 3 Presenters
Room 4103 Round table 3A ( IDE )
From Dutch East Indies to Cape Colony: Diasporic Imaginaries, Social Identity, Cultural Continuity 1 Ariff Hafizi Mohd Radzi and Change in South Africa - an exploratory study Constructing Russia's Image as a Moslem- Friendly Country through News Website Russia 2 Afifah Nur Fariha, Reynaldo de Archellie Beyond the Headlines Indonesia (RBTH Indonesia) Negated Beauty Myth in the Song Ich find' dich Eunice Hasiholan Feromida, Lilawati 3 Scheiße From Tic Tac Toe Kurnia (moderator)
Room 4107 Round table 3B ( HIS )
Famine at the Granary and Indonesian 1 Government's Policy on Disaster Management at Bunga Rosalina, Susanto Zuhdi Karawang Regency, 1966-1979 Postage Stamps as Cultural Identity in Colonial Achmad Sunjayadi (moderator), Gesha 2 Indonesia Mailoa Promoting "the Last Paradise": Dutch 3 Newspapers Perspective Towards Tourism in Bali Achmad Sunjayadi, Nada Hanifah in 1923-1940
Room 4108 Round table 3C (LING)
Improving the Indonesian Version of Early Grade 1 Harwintha Yuhria Anjarningsih Reading Assessment (EGRA) Test Motivating Students to Read Narrative Texts Audrey Ningtyas, Sonya Puspasari 2 through Video Games Suganda Passion for Teaching French as Foreign Language Salman Al Farisi, Sisilia S. Halimi 3 at Senior High School (moderator)
Room 4207 Round table 3D (GEN)
Capitalism and the Commodification of Black Diantri Seprina Putri, Melani Budianta, 1 Woman in Toni Morrison's God Help the Child Bayu Kristianto (moderator) (2015) Analysis of Social Construction of Womanhood in 2 Annalisa Manzo Indonesia by State Ibuism
Room 4208 Round table 3E (INF)
32 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Rachel Gita Ulibasa, Novita Hasanah, Website and Record Management in FIB UI 1 Herni Wisnumurti Hajar, Nina Mayesti Public Relation and Protocol (moderator) Electronic Record Management using Cloud Juanitos Rizalifio, Timothius Christian, 2 Computing System Nina Mayesti
Room 4209 Round table 3F (REL)
Coherence and Description of Muslim Society Firdha Syafana, Sonya Puspasari 1 and Ahok in German Online News Media: Spiegel Suganda Online and Bild.de in 2016-2017 Contesting Forces or Coexistence in Puncak Nabilla Nailur Rohmah, S.M. Gietty 2 Songolikur: Tourism, Religion and/or Spirituality Tambunan, Manneke Budiman (Budo Tengger Beliefs, Hinduism and Islam) (moderator)
Room 4211 Round table 3 H (HER)
Meaning of Placement of Tomb, Community and Jepriyadi Alumbu, Wanny Rahardjo 1 Settlement of XVII-XIX in Belitung Island: Wahyudi Landscape Archeology Perspective Memory Collective in Public Space: A Case Study Murni Setyawatiningrum, Irmawati 2 of Chinese Tombs in Pasuruan 19th-20th Century Marwoto Djohan (moderator)
15.45- 17.00 Round table 4 Presenters
Room 4103 Round table 4A ( IDE )
Constructing 'Local' Padangnese Identity: Himmatul Khairah, Shuri Mariasih Gietty 1 Authentification or Staged Authenticity in Oleh- Tambunan Oleh Artis Reproducing and Stimulating Nostalgia: Danang Salahuddin Aditya Lukmana, 2 Wedangan as a Representation of Solo's Identity Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan Transformation (moderator)
Room 4107 Round table 4B ( HIS )
The Past and The Present: The Variety and 1 Meanings of Kim Coa (金 纸) in Religious Life of Afriadi, Linda Sunarti (moderator) Chinese-Indonesian Communities The Reform of History Teaching Curriculum in 2 Indonesia 2004 - 2013: The Voice of History Wintarsih, Linda Sunarti Teachers and Their Experiences The Role of Indigenous Peoples in Tourism 3 Achmad Sunjayadi, Irfal Mujaffar Activities in Garut in 1908-1942
Room 4108 Round table 4C (LING)
Semantic Cognitive Analysis of Chinese Language Symphony Alkeba Christian, Hermina 1 VO Collocation Sutami (moderator) The Structure of Indonesian Used by Deaf Dara Minanda, Mohammad Umar 2 Children Muslim Time Reference and Telicity in Agrammatic Siti Eka Soniawati, Harwintha Yuhria 3 Aphasia in Bahasa Indonesia Anjarningsih, Myrna Laksman-Huntley
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 33
Room 4207 Round table 4D (GEN)
Reconstruction of Bissu in the Novel Tiba Ais Nurbiyah Al Jumah, Christina T. 1 Sebelum Berangkat (2018) Suprihatin (moderator) Representation of Domestic Violence That 2 Occurred in The TV Series 'Big Little Lies' and Its Meidia Rea Smithiana Correlation with Myths About Women
Room 4208 Round table 4E (INF)
Managing Social Media As A Business Records : Salsa Fastdiecie, Gresia Bernika Br 1 Case Studies Instagram Managing of Universitas Sembiring, Nina Mayesti Indonesia library The Indonesian Supreme Court Library: Its Nur Halimah, Luki Wijayanti 2 Function and Role in Advocating the Vision and (moderator) Mission of the Parent Institution
Room 4209 Round table 4F (REL)
Dhianita Kusuma Pertiwi, Turita Indah Representation and Meaning of Rajasuya 1 Setyani, Suma Riella Rusdiarti Ceremony in Javanese Context (moderator) "Thaipusam": An identity and Strategy In 2 Maintaining Self-existence Among Tamils In Thaharatul Huda Banda Aceh The Concept of Sapa Nandur Bakal Ngundhuh in 3 Bunga Lestari Aji, Turita Indah Setyani Serat Cariyos Dewi Sri
Room 4210 Round table 4G (ENV)
Between the Economical Thrive and Ecological 1 Degradation: Upstream Citarum's Watershed Ferdy Yudha Pratama, Didik Pradjoko Contamination in Bandung Regency 1970-2013 Land Contestation and Military intervention in Hilma Safitri, Zulfi Saeful, Izzudin 2 Indonesia’s Citarum River Ecological Project Prawiranegara, and Dianto Bachriadi Resistence or incorporation: crop boom and 3 Yudi Bachrioktora (moderator) agrarian change in Jambi
Room 4211 Round table 4 H (HER)
Rejuvenating the Outdated Method by Embracing New Technologies for Recording the Irsyad Leihitu, R. Cecep Eka Permana 1 Prehistoric Rock Art: A Case Study in Ceruk (moderator) Tewet, Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat, East Kalimantan Deny Yudo Wahyudi, Agus Aris 2 The Shiva-Buddha Concept on Panataran Temple Munandar
34 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Day 3 - Thursday, 25 July 2019, Building IV
Time Activities 08.00 - 09.15 Panel Session 3 Presenters Room 4103 Panel III A (IDE) Framing Russian Military Involvement in 1 Khairuni Cesario, Reynaldo de Archellie Syrian Civil War on Sputnik Media Indonesian K-pop Fans in Seungri Gate: 2 Annisa Luthfiarrahman (moderator) Between Loyalty and Moral Japanese and Germany Cultural Interaction in 3 Marcellino Sebastian, Lilawati Kurnia Transnational Festival Dokomi Room 4107 Panel III B (IDE) The Discourse of Asthabrata in Sirah! By A.Y. Ratih Regita Setyani, Turita Indah 1 Suharyono Setyani The Influence of Spirit Fingers Club Toward Grace Mary Amelia Lubis (moderator), 2 Wooyeon Character in Webtoon Spirit Fingers Nurni Wahyu Wuryandari The Morality of the Song Aja Dipleroki and Its 3 Ari Prasetiyo Relevance in the Present Room 4108 Panel III C (LING) The Variety of Interrogative Sentences in 1 Alfiani Rahmi Chandraswara, Usmi Ibeonsaeng-eun Cheoeum-ira Drama: Peran Konteks dalam Kalimat Disposal Bahasa 2 Melysa Martha Auliasari Mandarin The Formation of Animal Crying 3 Onomatopoeia in Korea: A Morphological Arofa Fathul Ghorib Ridho, Usmi Study The Rise of English among K-Pop Idols: Code- Andita Dyah Octaviani (moderator), 4 switching and Code-mixing in The Immigration Harumi Manik Ayu Yamin Room 4207 Panel III D (LING) Need Analysis of Indonesian Etymological 1 Dewi Puspita Dictionary The Equivalent Translation of Words 2 Containing Indonesian Culture into German in Alyssa Flabeau Ankadea, Leli Dwirika Rindu Terluka Schmähkritik Poem by Jan Böhmermann A Muhammad Ghivari Sarena 3 Semantic Analysis (moderator), Leli Dwirika Strategi Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Film 我 4 Stefani Mutiara Kornelius 的少女时代 Wǒ de shàonǚ shídài Room 4208 Panel III E (LING) German Entries in Kamus Besar Bahasa 1 Julia Wulandari, Shabrina Nabila Kiasati Indonesia V Gold Over Family: The Meaning of Wealth in Desy Septiany (moderator), Putu 2 Korean Webtoon "Geumsujeo" By HD3 Pramania Adnyana The Analysis of Interjection in Kik Comics and Ni Wayan Putri Shanty Dewi, Andrea 3 Their Relation in AVI Levels Pradsna Paramitha Djarwo
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 35
Akulturasi Sosial dan Budaya pada Perayaan 4 Cengbeng: Makam Keluatga Thio di Depok, Anandra Sania, Hermina Sutami Jawa Barat Room 4209 Panel III F (GEN) Freistatt : Critics to Poisonous Pedagogy in 1 Nur Aulia, Liyanti German Residential Care in the 1960s Life in "Downton Abbey": Representation of Novia Magda Imanuella Tambunan 2 English Edwardian Social Hierarchy in (moderator), Junaidi Downton Abbey (2010) Masculinity Study: The Demand to be Masculine Portrayed in Meena Kandasamy's 3 Rahmat Taufik Rangkuti When I Hit You: Or, a Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife (2017) Room 4210 Panel III G (GEN & HIS) Feminist Nationalism: Indonesian Women’s Laksmita Hestirani (moderator), Agus 1 Struggle for Suffrage, 1938-1941 Setiawan Body Shaming to Male and Female Objects in Syabila Desya Dwi Dahlia, Sri 2 Instagram Comment Coloumn Munawarah The Revitalization of Tourism in Yogyakarta 3 Hasbi Marwahid, Didik Pradjoko 1950-1966 Room 4211 Panel III H (Subaltern) Small Step Towards Awareness of Sexual 1 Assault: An Analysis of the Film 27 Steps of Maria Regina Widhiasti (moderator) May (2019) Subverting the Patriarch through Silence: A 2 Dhita Hapsarani, Dina Tuasuun Feminist Resistance in Mrs. Noah's Pocket "Home" and Identity Construction toward Padel Muhammad Rallie Rivaldy, 3 Muslim Diaspora in Kamila Shamsie's Home Manneke Budiman, Shuri Mariasih Fire (2017) Gietty Tambunan Village and City Relations in Misteri Lembah 4 Fitria Sis Nariswari, M. Yoesoef Hantu by Abdullah Harahap Room 4212 Panel III I (Trajectory) Loloda in Three Ternate-Dutch Treaty Rias Antho Rahmi Suharjo, Tommy 1 Manuscripts in 19th Century Christomy (moderator) Workers in Nutmeg Plants and Neira Cities in 2 Banda Islands (a Disciplinary Panopticon Sarjiyanto, Irmawati Marwoto Model) Room 4213 Panel III J (Ecocriticism) R. Tuty Nur Mutia, Reynaldo de Indonesia's cultural resilience responses to 1 Archellie (moderator), Setiawati China's Belt and Road Initiatives Darmojuwono 2 American Environmental Policy in Indonesia Adhe Rizki Mulkiana Apocalypse Lakardowo: Ecocritical Analysis in 3 Aulia Maulida, Abdul Basid The Film Lakardowo Mencari Keadilan Room 4214 Panel III K (Language) The Language Development in Indonesian 1 Frans Asisi Datang, Desty Wulandari Presidential Decree Shaping the Identity in Depok: A Study of Sri Munawarah, Frans Asisi Datang 2 Language Landscape and Dialectology (moderator)
36 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Emotional Feature of Argumentation: 3 Debate of Presidential Candidates in Filia Indonesia Room 4215 Panel III L (Textuality) "I Stand on the Right Side": War of Meme 1 Avatar in Indonesian Presidential Campaign Iwan, Zeffry Alkatiri (moderator) Through Social Media in 2014 Verbal-Visual Intersemiosis in Science 2 Budi Hermawan Textbooks for Basic Level in Indonesia How Contemporary German Society 3 Sonya Puspasari Suganda Commemorates Death Room 4216 Panel III M (Discourse) Accommodating the English verb in Russian: A 1 Zweta Manggarani case study of čilit’ 2 Women's Rebellion Against Poverty Thera Widyastuti Sentiment Analysis on Indonesian Political Aghnia Salsabila, Totok Suhardijanto 3 Hoaxes (moderator) 09. 15-10.45 Round Table 5 Presenters Room 4103 Round table 5A (IDE) Power Relations between Urban and Wikan Satriati, Dhita Hapsarani 1 Indigenous Society in Indonesian Children (moderator) Novel Mata di Tanah Melus by Okky Madasari Transnational Consumption of K-Pop in Indonesia: Islamizing Korean Bodies in 2 Amalia N. Andini, Ghaziah Nurika Akhni Wardah Advertisement and Hijab Traveler: Love Sparks in Korea Film Room 4107 Round table 5B (HIS) ˜Salam Metal": The Social and Political Impact 1 Achmad Sunjayadi, Abdullah Sammy of the 1993 Metallica's Concert in Indonesia The Anti-Corruption Committee: Student Movement in Opposing Corruption Cases in Rahayu Hardita Dwi Widyanti, Linda 2 the Beginning of the New Order Government sunarti 1970 - 1974 The Dynamics of Kukusan Village: Social, Economic and Environmental Changes Related 3 Agus Setiawan (moderator) to The Existence of Universitas Indonesia in Depok 1987-2016 Room 4108 Round table 5C (LING) Superstructure of Discourse and Cohesion in 1 Nailah Azkiya, Untung Yuwono Narratives Spoken by People with Alzheimer's The Development of the Uses of the Word 2 Dengan from Indonesian Newspaper Period Gita Ayodhiya Sanarta, Dien Rovita 1910-2010 The Persuasive Power of Advertisement: The Analysis of Structure & Contextual of Diah Mardiningrum Joyowidarbo, Atin 3 Advertisements in Javanese Language in Fitriana, Dwi Puspitorini (moderator) 1935-1953 Room 4207 Round table 5D (GEN)
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 37
Feminism and Anti-Feminism Paradox in Made Melvina L. SD, Rouli Esther 1 Video Game Nier:Automata Pasaribu (moderator) Reading Moslem's Tinder Ayopoligami, 2 Lilawati Kurnia, Nurbaity Intersection of Capital, Gender and Identity Room 4208 Round table 5E (INF) Information Governance Involvement in Nabila Putri Melfiani, Novia Retno 1 Managing Corporate Social Media (A Case Sahrulloh, Margareta Aulia Rachman Study of MyRepublic Indonesia) (moderator) Managing Electronic Records with Cloud Andriani Eka Larasati, Selvi, Margareta 2 Computing in Catholic Student Organization Aulia Rachman Universitas Indonesia (KMK UI) Room 4209 Round table 5F (REL) Media Studies on 212 The Power of Love: Hendra Kaprisma (moderator), 1 Ideology, Power, and Society Areispine Dymussaga S. Miraviori Reading Universal Declaration of Human 2 Rights through Jasser Auda's Maqasid al- Fikria Youanda Susantio, Naupal Shariah Room 4210 Round table 5G (ENV) First Compost, then Post: Using Social Media Julia Wulandari, Wina Aprilia 1 for Environmental Activism Tirtapradja (moderator) Religion-Based Environmental Social Media Mursyidatul Umamah, Maria Cherry 2 Initiatives in Indonesia: The Preaching of Ndoen, Ayunda Nurvitasari, S.M. Gietty Waste Management Tambunan Room 4211 Round table 5H (HER) Reco Penganten The study of religious 1 background of a couple God and Goddess Agus Aris Munandar from Majapahit Era (14th - 15th Century AD) Rejuvenating Cultural Heritage Through Exhibition Concept Based on the New Adimas Bayumurti, Ali Akbar 2 Museum: A Case Study in the Istiqlal (moderator) Museum, Jakarta 10.45-12.30 Round Table 6 Presenters Room 4107 Round table 6B ( HIS ) Reconstructing Historical Memory at Fajar Muhammad Nugraha, Reynaldo 1 Ambarawa Train Station de Archellie The Area Expansion of Taliabu and the Role of Sarifudin Bin La Kuma, Susanto Zuhdi 2 Ahmad Hidayat Mus: Establishing District of (moderator) Taliabu Island, North Maluku 2004-2013 Room 4108 Round table 6C (LING) The Students' Motivation in Learning English Sabrina Asrianty Putri, Sisilia Setiawati 1 as a Foreign Language through Discovery Halimi Learning The Systematic Design of Commissive Speech 2 Acts: the case of argumentation On 2019 Dwi Purwanto, Filia (moderator) Indonesia's Presidential Debates Room 4207 Round table 6D (GEN) 1 Indonesia's Gender (in)Equality Anwar Kholid
38 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Role of Christianity in the Making of the 2 1960s-1980s South Korean Women's Life- Rostineu (moderator), Linda sunarti Style Round table 6E (INF) Obstacles and Challenges in Managing Nur Apriyanti, Mouly Ika Lutfiati, 1 Student Organization's E-mail : Case Study in Margareta Aulia Rachman BEM Universitas Indonesia Searching for The Missing Persons Focusing Febriyanto, Ike Iswary Lawanda 2 on Document Management (moderator), Rahmi Room 4210 Round table 6G (ENV) Tourism Village as A Tool for Environmental 1 Sustainability: A Case Study of Cibuntu Village, Pratidina Sekar Pembayun, Annissa Haq Kuningan Regency
Kampung and Environmental Sustainability: Jenni Anggita, Sanca Pamungkas, 2 Community Agency, Access to Water and Melani Budianta, S.M. Gietty Bamboo Economy at Desa Papring Tambunan (moderator)
13.30 - 14.45 Panel Session 4 Presenters Room 4212 Panel IV A ( IDE ) Literary Narrative of and about Refugees to 1 Nurhadianty Rahayu Validate the Quiet Experiences of Refugees Loneliness of the Character Ich as Chancellor 2 Cecilia, Liyanti Son in Raumpatrouille by Matthias Brandt Karima Hasna Shofia (moderator), Dien 3 Metaphor in Advertisment of Beauty Products Rovita Men of the Troops: The Construction of 4 Masculinity in the Contemporary Hollywood Destia Nur Arafah, Bayu Kristianto War Movie The Yellow Birds (2017) Room 4213 Panel IV B (LING) Indonesian Instagrammers' Preferences of Nurul Syawalina, Sonya Puspasari 1 Using English Suganda Indonesian term of address "ustad" in films Wiwin Triwinarti, Sandy Nugraha 2 utterances: forms, functions, and social values (moderator) Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms into 3 Alya Shofia Anindia Nirwana, Usmi Korean: Laskar Pelangi and Bellitung Somui Room 4214 Panel IV C (GEN) The Authenticity of Death: A Study of Tillich 1 Existentialism within Lyudmila Ulitskaya’s Rekha Nur Alisha (moderator) Веселые Похороны/The Funeral Party Politic Gender in the Hearing of Sexual Assault 2 Allegation Against Brett Kavanaugh by Triana Budi Utami, Muhammad Fuad Christine Blasey Ford Representation of Black Masculinity in the TV Sarah Khansa Agharid, Muhammad 3 Series Criminal Minds Fuad Racism and Antimigrant Ideologies Behind Nandita Adilfi Eti Riyadi, Maria Regina 4 #Aufschrei Widhiasti Room 4215 Panel IV D (INF)
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 39
Manajemen Pengetahuan dalam Penyusunan Ike Iswary Lawanda, Rizkiana Karmelia 1 Pedoman Klasifikasi dan Akses Arsip Sebagai Shaura Ruang sejumlah Alir The Utilization of Archive Electronic System to 2 Support Services at the University of Sofiana Rahmawati (moderator) Indonesia Archives Office Pengelolaan Rekod Elektronik pada PT Jasa 3 Andre Nusa Dio Marga Properti: Suatu Studi Kasus Room 4216 Panel IV E (INF) The Use of Electronic Document and Records Management System in Managing Hybrid Naila Rahma (moderator), Nina 1 Records in the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Mayesti Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Managing Electronic Records from Website in 2 CDC-UI's Recruitment Process (Career Annisa Ekananda , Citra Melati Nurilahi Development Center - Universitas Indonesia) Room 4201 Panel IV F (GEN) Supernatural Woman and Female Agency in Anindita Larasati (moderator), Dhita 1 the War in The Foreshadowing (2006) Hapsarani Susan's Disempowering Portrayal in the Novel Eddline Kusuma Andani, Dhita 2 and Film of The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Hapsarani Caspian Representation and Deconstruction of Gender Almasafira Nurarafah, Adriana 3 Construction in David Levithan's Every Day Rahajeng Mintarsih (2012) Room 4202 Panel IV G (IDE) Singaporean In The Eyes of Its People: A Balqis Az Zahra (moderator), 1 Cultural Studies of The Instagram Account Harwintha Yuhria Anjarningsih Humans of Singapore The Construction of Meghan Markle's Identity Maghfirah Fitrianur Ardifa, Harumi 2 as a Biracial Woman on Media Reports Manik Ayu Yamin The Destruction of The Family Institution in 3 Coming Home Film （归来 Guilai）Directed Sonia Ashari, Nurni Wahyu Wuryandari by Zhang Yimou （张艺谋） Room 4203 Panel IV H (IDE) On Being and Becoming the "Ideal" Muslim 1 Women: Girlhood Narratives of Young Sovia Nur Khalida, Herlin Putri Destari Indonesian Muslims in Pesantren Representations of Hadhrami Cultural Identity Sayidatul Ummah, Christina T. 2 in Hoesin Bafagih's Fatimah (1938) Suprihatin Yadi Mulyadi, Irmawati Marwoto New Insight: Tombstone Chinese Inscription 3 Djohan, Isman Pratama Nasution from Barrang Lompo Old Islam Cemetery (moderator) Room 4205 Panel IV I (HIS) 1 Local Sarekat Islam in Surakarta 1912-1915 Adhytiawan Suharto, Abdurakhman The role of Priayi inside local Sarekat Islam at Fajar Nur Alam, Abdurakhman 2 the Priangan Residency 1913-1919 (moderator)
40 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Reputation at Stake: The Cases of Mosque 3 Endi Aulia Garadian, Susanto Zuhdi Fund Misuse in Java, 1890-1940 Room 4206 Panel IV J (REL) 1 Islam Nusantara and Global World Challenge Naupal Maintaining the Value of Human Diversity 2 Ali Ridho (moderator) through Implementing Tariqah Alawiyah Religion, Moral Value and Identity: Studies on 3 Siti Azri Ulmi Ramadhanty, Naupal Religious Practices in Indonesia 13.30 - 14.45 Assembly Meeting Round Table discussion Room 4103 ( IDE )
Room 4107 ( HIS )
Room 4108 (LING)
Room 4207 (GEN)
Room 4208 (INF)
Room 4209 (REL)
Room 4210 (ENV)
Room 4211 (HER)
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 41
EXTENDED ABSTRACTS ROUNDTABLE & PANEL SESSIONS
SUBTHEME: ARTICULATING IDENTITY IN THE ERA OF MOBILITY
Analysis of Özil's Statement in the Social Media Adam Firdaus, Maria Regina Widhiasti
In May 2018 Mesut Özil and his German national teammate Ilkay Gundogan attended the invitation of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in London. After the meeting, Özil uploaded a photo of himself with Erdogan on his personal Twitter account, which sparked public controversy in Germany. After the photo circulated, many questioned Özil's loyalty as a German citizen, but there were also those who defended his actions. The issue of racism also circulated as the case of the photo heats up. The climax he decided to retire from the German football national team for reasons of racism he got from various parties. Özil announced his decision to quit the German national team by uploading a statement on his Twitter account, @MesutOzil1088. In this article, I will discuss Özil's view of Turkey values as well as his views on Germany. Finally, I will discuss how he positioned himself in this case through his feelings and how he was positioned in German online media through analysis of articles on faz.net published in June-July 2018.
Between-Place and Identity of Anne Frank in Autobiography of "Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank" Nahla Faizah, Lisda Liyanti
Ethnic persecution often happens in several countries in the world. This has also been a part of german history in the second world war era which is renowned with the holocaust era during the Nazi regime. This article discusses one of the most famous autobiography in the world written by a jewish girl, named Anneliese Marie Frank. She is one of the victims of Nazi persecution. She wrote a diary entitled “The Diary of Anne Frank”. This article analyzed the alienation concept of Anne’s hiding room and its effect on the development of Anne’s identity as a teenager. The aim is to explore how the identity of a teenager can develop in a strange place where Anne lives in the midst of a war that befell her country. This article was analyzed through the qualitative research method focusing on the content analysis. The theories applied in this article are Alterity and identity, identity development of a teenager and also space theory (Ort und Nicht-Orte) theory by Marc Augé to analyze how Anne
42 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Frank interacted with several foreign matters she met in her hiding room and how the alienation within her space affects her identity development as a teenager. Research findings show that Anne Frank’s hiding room which was renowned as “The Secret Annex” was classified as a “unique” space due to its classification as a “place” where Anne could develop her identity as a teenager even though the space she lived in was only a temporary transit room for her hiding from Nazis. The between-place also accompanied the development of Anne Frank’s identity as a teenager, although at the beginning of her hiding period, she had faced difficulties in adapting to her new living space with strangers. However, when she began to be able to accept the space alienation, she actually got positive things that influenced her psychological development as a teenager, yet it cannot be denied that there are still limitations in the Annex that make Anne unable to achieve her identity well.
Character's Conflict in the Movie Plot of Ju Dou 菊豆 (1990) Reyzka Alya Arjodi, Rahadjeng Pulungsari Hadi
This scientific work explains the conflicts that occur in the Ju Dou 菊豆 (1990) movie plot. Conflict is an essential element in the development of a plot. Without conflict, the plot will look flat and become unattractive to be displayed. This scientific work will examine various forms of conflict found in the Ju Dou movie plot. The problem that will be discussed is how the forms of conflict experienced by the characters who emerged through the movie plot of Ju Dou. The method used to answer this problem is a qualitative descriptive method with an intrinsic approach. The benefit of this scientific work is to help readers better understand the contents of Ju Dou's film through conflict in the movie plot, and to be a reference for other researchers to conduct further research related to the same research theme. The results indicate that this film contains various forms of conflicts that make the movie’s plot look dramatic. Various forms of this conflict were triggered by three main events: Jinshan mistreatment against Ju Dou, Ju Dou affair revealed by Jinshan, and the affair between Ju Dou and Tianqing began to be spread. Various forms of conflict that arise due to the three events are classified into internal and external conflict. The first event, Jinshan mistreatment against Ju Dou resulted two internal conflicts which manifesting by feelings of fear and feelings of doubt. The second event, Ju Dou affair revealed by Jinshan resulted one internal conflict and two external conflicts. Internal conflicts in this event are manifested by feelings of sadness, while external conflicts are manifested by arguments that occur between two parties. The third event, the affair between Ju Dou and Tianqing began to be spread resulted an internal conflict that was manifested by feelings of fear, worry, and sadness. Every events and conflicts described above has a related relationship. It can also be said that the affair that emerged as a result
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 43
of mistreatment was the main problem and trigger for the conflicts in the Ju Dou movie plot.
Characters of Russian Girls in The Russian Children Song Dinda Oktavia, Nia Kurnia Sofiah
This journal discusses the characters of Russian girls in the lyrics of a children song titled из чего же, из чего же ... (iz čego zhe, iz čego zhe ...) 'from what, from what ...'. The song is modified by Nike for commercial purposes in 2017 and the advertisements has won the Gold Lion award for the film at the 2017 Cannes Lion Festival. Nike ads 2017 promotes the International Women day therefore the characters of the Russian women are risen up. The same reasons are also taken for this journal. The lyrics that will be analyzed are about the character of Russian girls, since the song is about children. This is still relevant since the root of the woman characters are nurtured since the child time this means as girls. However, the author will use the original song lyrics to avoid bias of Nike commercial tendencies. The lyrics of the song actually give information about both gender of Russian children. However for this paper, the lyrics used are only the girls’ parts, since it is relevant to the trigger of the Nike ads that are celebrating international women's day. This research uses the descriptive analysis method and the theory used is semiotic theory from Roland Barthes (1977) with a model of denotation and connotation. There are eight nouns to be analyzed, they are Цветочков (cvetočkov) ‘flowers’ and Звоночков (zvonočkov) ‘bells’, Tетрадок (tetradok) ‘notebooks’ and Переглядок (peregljadok) ‘rethink’, Платочков (platočkov) ‘scarfs’ and Клубочков (klubočkov) ‘wool balls’, Загадок (zagadok) ‘riddles’ and Мармеладок (marmeladok) ‘orange jams’. The eight nouns are analyzed based on their shapes, colors, contents and environments. The results in this analysis show that the lyrics of the song из чего же, из чего же ... (iz čego zhe, iz čego zhe ...) ‘from what, from what ...’ describes the characters of Russian girls who are pious, protective and protected, careful and adaptive. Based on the literature reviews taken by the writer, there are papers used the same Barthes theory which is denotation and connotation but the data source is not a lyrics of the children song, they are Sheila Resi Nazira and Nia Kurnia Sofiah (2017) and Ahmad Fadhli and Fajar Muhammad Nugraha (2017). There are also papers used the lyrics of a song, but it is not a children song and the theory is not the Barthes theory, by Venty Rosalin Handayani and Susi Lastuti Sunarya (2014). Therefore, this paper brings the novelty of a research since this paper combines the Barthes theory (denotation and connotation) and the lyrics of a children song. The special about this Russian children song is the lyrics show the characters of the Russian girls means that through the song the characters of Russian girls are already determined by the Russian cultures. this determined russian culture are transferred through Russian generation since they are children and become the social rules of being russian girls.
44 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Constructing “Local” Padangnese Identity: Authentification or Staged Authenticity in Oleh-Oleh Artis Himmatul Khairah, Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
Contemporary urban culinary practices reflect the complex and problematic convergence of global-local identities. Locality has often been commodified by culinary industries to construct a more merchantable product. The case study chosen for this article is oleh-oleh artis or specialty food by public figures marketed as local souvenirs from particular areas in Indonesia. This cultural phenomenon has significantly developed since 2014 and has changed the landscape of culinary souvenirs in Indonesian tourism. Even though there are a large number of oleh-oleh artis from many areas, there is one noticeable similarity: they all sell a particular type of pastry or sponge cake while labelling it as “local” souvenirs. Several examples are Cirebon Sultana by Indra Bekti, Bandung Makuta by Laudya Cynthia Bella, Strudel Malang by Teuku Wisnu or Mamahke Jogja by Zaskia Adya Mecca. However, most of these products simply attach the name of the city to their product to label their products as “local”. This research focuses on two brands: Minang Mande Cake by Rossa and Minang Nan Tigo by Dude Harlino located in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, that do not only use the products’ names to enhance its local identity but also other identity markers, which could be identified from its packaging, outlet (stores) and social media pages. From interviews, participant observations, questionnaires and textual analysis, research findings reveal the ambiguity between the process of brand positioning (encoded meaning) and the consumers’ decoding process. One one hand, essentializing identity markers of Padangnese locality are utilized by the producers to construct a seemingly local and authentic specialty food or culinary souvenir from Padang. In reference to Jackson (1999), to move beyond the discussion on what is considered as authentic or not, we would argue that in this process of “authentification” or “staged authenticity”, claims of authenticity is merely in the interest of the producers expecting it to be a successful branding strategy. Meanwhile, the consumers are highlighting on other identity markers which are in total opposite of the construction of locality. Consumers are seeking products that are new (novelty), modern (trendy) and hygienic defying the traditional local markers in the encoded dominant meaning imposed by the producers. This research contributes to the ongoing scholarly debates on how culinary products problematize the global-local nexus and the agency of consumers to constantly and creatively make sense of the enforced identity these cultural products articulate.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 45
Constructing Russia’s Image as a Moslem-Friendly Country through News Website Russia Beyond the Headlines Indonesia (RBTH Indonesia) Afifah Nur Fariha, Reynaldo de Archellie
The construction of a country’s positive image has been continuously connected to nation branding concept. It has been parallel with some government intention to embrace nation-branding efforts in recent times. Having positive image made it easy for one country to enter global market, to attract supports internationally, and to gain investments needed to build its economy. The image’s construction can be done strategically using news transmission from state-funded broadcaster. This study aims to analyze Russian nation branding launched by Russian state-funded international online broadcaster Russia Beyond the Headline Indonesia/RBTH Indonesia. RBTH Indonesia is the only Russian online broadcaster which provides its contents in Indonesian language. Considering Indonesia as the largest moslem country in Southeast Asia region, Russia is using RBTH Indonesia to promote its image as moslem- friendly country to attract Indonesian audience attention and to erase Russian stereotype as communist country gradually. This study collects data from 197 news articles from RBTH Indonesia spanning the five years from 2013 through 2017 and uses content analysis to examine the pattern used to construct a new image of post-communist Russia as a moslem-friendly country. The empirical findings discussed in this study highlight some findings that RBTH Indonesia chose three main topics to rebrand Russia’s new image: economy, politics, and tourism. Politically, it found that the articles generally reflected Russian perspectives on international politics around moslem world in which dominated by Russian government condemning stance for ISIS issue. Economically, RBTH Indonesia described how Russian government gave support for the development of micro and small enterprises running by moslem community in Russia. Interestingly, to uphold the moslem business and to attract international tourists from moslem community globally, RBTH Indonesia published numerous articles that portrayed Russian government efforts to sell “Halal Tourism” worldwide. It is suggested that RBTH Indonesia chose economy, politics, and tourism as strategic issues to help the post- communist Russian government construct its nation-branding as a moslem- friendly country.
Cyber Literature: Wattpad and Webnovel as Z Reading in the Digital World Mohamad Yoesoef
The convergence of digital technology and information in 4.0 revolution industry has given birth to a generation who grow up with devices, both smartphones and computer devices (desktops, laptops. Also known as digital natives, well versed in the intricacies of social media, digital applications and platforms, generation Z is a demographic group born in late the 1990s and early 2000s. In
46 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
the 21st century, they have become the largest group to access cyberspace. Their interactions within the cyberspace also affect their reading culture. In terms of reading culture, reading materials in the form of literature are also developing in the virtual world. This recent development raises some questions. First, how does generation Z appreciate literature in the midst of the frenzied information offered in cyberspace? Second, what kind of literature does that generation appreciate? Those questions demand answers that are able to address a basic question, namely how does generation Z appreciate literature in cyberspace? From searches in the internet, some literary works which can be accessed by generation Z, among others, are in the format of Wattpad and Webnovel. Thus, further questions arise, what is the tendency of literary works published in cyberspace? Who are the writers? These questions link literature in cyberspace, its readers, authors, and the Wattpad and Webnovel forum itself. Based on these matters, this article discusses various literary expressions in cyberspace and their various tendencies, which can then be categorized into types of popular literature. Research results and studies show that literary works which appear in Wattpad and Webnovel formats include poetry, short stories, and serial stories. In addition, there are blogs that specialize in documenting literary works such as drama literature. Through those readings in Wattpatt and Webnovel forum, it is found that in cyberspace literary works there are aspects of the creativity and potential shown by generation Z which underlie the potential for character formation, literary creativity, and innovation of the generation.
Dictions on Li Bai’s and Du Fu’s Parting Poems Anugrah Setiani RAS, Rahadjeng Pulungsari Hadi
This article will discuss poems, particularly about separation, made by two famous poets from Tang dynasty, which are Li Bai and Du Fu. The writer took six separation poems, three from Li bai and three from Du Fu. First of all, the purpose why the writer took this topic as an article is to make the all the readers understand what kind of message or meaning that the poems, Li Bai and Du Fu wants to reveal. Other than that, the writer also wants to make the readers understand how to find the right message or meaning from a poems, especially in this case separation poems by Li Bai and Du Fu. In this article, the writer uses a method which are broken down into three parts, namely data selection, data analysis, and served data. First thing the writer do is data selection, where the writer will provide the separation poems made by Li bai and Du Fu that have already been translated into Indonesia language by the writer herself. After translated into Indonesia language, the writer will analyze every dictions from all of the poems, and the writer find two types of meaning which are denotative and connotative meanings. Finally, after the data is served, the writer will analyze the connotative meanings to find the purpose why the poets write those separation poems for. In the conclusion the writer
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 47
will reveal the purpose of the poets writes the separation poems for to makes the reader understand. Hoping this article will make everyone understand about two types of meaning to find the purpose of the poems, and also hope that this article will be a great contribution for China literature.
Discrimination in the Film Race (2016) Shlevi Lady Anjeria, Maria Regina Widhiasti
Discrimination is an illegal act in Germany. Based on the Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (AGG) or laws that regulate equal treatment in general, discrimination is prohibited especially in work, home search, eating in restaurants or shopping. The prohibition to discriminate in Germany is based on six things, namely race and ethnic origin, gender, religion and belief, disability and chronic illness, age, and sexual orientation. Thus, no one in Germany can get discriminatory treatment because of their skin color, language used or origin. Women, men, and transgender and intersexual people must be treated equally regardless of their sexual orientation. Equivalent treatment must also be given to everyone regardless of their age, religion or beliefs, and the physical condition of the person. This regulation applies to all people in Germany, both permanent residents, and immigrants.
Europe as the Other in Contemporary Indonesian Travel Literature Ramayda Akmal
One main aspect of travelling depicted in contemporary Indonesian travel literature is the process through which authors, as the Self, meet the Other in different places and cultures and conduct a process of othering. As a consequence of the development of self-identity, power relations between the Self and the Other are always embedded in this process of othering. In Indonesian travel literature, discourse about Europe as the Other has become quite dominant, as Europe is the most popular destination for authors to visit and write about. Historically, the archipelago that is now Indonesia experienced colonialization under several European countries. At the time, Indonesia was the Other for Europeans, whose othering practices produced stereotypes that remain entrenched in Indonesians' minds. This is particularly evident in the perceived binary opposition between 'superior' Europe and 'inferior' Asia. This article seeks to examine the process through which Indonesian authors conduct the process of othering, even as such stereotypes remain embedded in the minds and cultural practices of the Indonesian people. Using a narratological analysis and postcolonial approach, this article tries to identify the strategies used by authors (the Self) to deal with the contradictory situation
48 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
mentioned above, particularly the possibility of producing different attitudes to deal with 'superior' Europe as the Other. This article examines three representatives of Indonesian contemporary travel literature: Menyusuri Lorong-Lorong Dunia I (2005) by Sigit Susanto; Negeri van Oranje (2009) by Wahyuningrat, Adept Widiarsa, Nisa Riyadi, and Rizki Pandu Permanda; and 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa (2013) by Hanum Salsabiela Rais and Reza Almahendra. This study finds that contemporary Indonesian travel writers have responded to this situation with three possible attitudes. First, through travel literature, the Self may reverse and dismantle the stigma of Asian inferiority. Second, consciously or unconsciously, the Self may be trapped into reaffirming the stereotypes that recognize Europe as superior. Third, they may face this situation with ambiguity or contradictory attitudes, using mimicry, mockery, and other subversive strategies.
Female Empowerment and Femininity in Barbie’s YouTube Channel on the Campaign of “You Can be Anything” Alyssa Melita Rahmat, Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
Since its debut in 1959 through the American International Toy Fair in New York, Barbie dolls have become one of the most played toys in the world. Created by Ruth Handler based on the experience she had with her daughter and the reality about girls in the 1950s, Handler originally wanted her doll to inspire a lot of young girls. However, in its development, Barbie has been perceived with negativity particularly due to the assumptions that it is a false representation of an ideal female due to its unrealistic beauty standard and appearance. Therefore, in 2015, Mattel created a new campaign for Barbie, which is the “You Can Be Anything” campaign that aims to encourage young girls to have big dream and be whatever they want to be. One of the ways in which this campaign is being disseminated is by uploading the videos on the company’s YouTube channel. In this article, five videos have been chosen as case studies to look at the ambiguous meaning of female empowerment and femininity constructed by the videos. On one hand, through the five selected videos, the ongoing process of empowering young girls in achieving their dream can be seen explicitly. However, one should also scrutinize the hidden agenda in which the doll’s stereotypical femininity and empowerment are commodified, for example the use of pink color in the doll’s series in order to increase Mattel’s profit. This eventually leads to an ambiguous interpretation of the campaign’s mission. Utilizing textual analysis on the five chosen videos, the article discusses how the “new” Barbie is constructed to be a role model for young girls as a form of female empowerment through careers and hard work, how girl-to-girl mentorship helps building emotional intimacy and coping with adulthood, and how Barbie’s pink color embrace empowerment through femininity. The findings show that this YCBA campaign ambiguously portrays empowerment for young girls, which are the target markets of Barbie, and
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 49
emphasizes on how girls are still in need of equality in the work place or any careers in general. However, there are still moments of disempowerment in which the campaign affirms to the dominant patriarchal values. This research brings out the new way of thinking about Barbie in the recent times by informing the society that the doll is not always about embodying stereotypical femininity, but it could also open discussions on empowerment for young girls.
Framing Russian Military Involvement in Syrian Civil War on Sputnik Media Khairuni Cesario, Reynaldo de Archellie
The legitimacy of foreign policy from a country is often determined by how the media report the country’s foreign politics activity outside that country. The country's involvement in a conflict or war and the reason the country to engage in needs to be communicated to the public globally with a media framing strategically. Framing can influence public attitudes as well as their trust in the content reliability. Framing can also indicate particular political interests, media system, journalistic norms, and the relation between culture and history from one issue. This article aims to explore the framing of the Russian military's involvement in the Syrian civil war by the online media Sputnik. The Russian government used online media Sputnik to counteract the mainstream narrative that was dominated by the Western media in which Russia has always been discredited during her involvement in the Syrian civil war. Sputnik as a media become a source of alternative information from Russian to the international world to earn the public trust in its content reliability. The article uses qualitative content analysis methods by using 238 articles published by Sputnik between February to September 2016. This period marks the ceasefire between Russia and United states as two external powers involved in the Syrian civil war. This ceasefire also intended to minimize the violence and tension of the war. This period turns into a strategic moment for Russia to communicate the activities of its military in Syria by using framing in Sputnik. This study argues that a country’s involvement in conflicts outside its territories requires news framing strategically to communicate its activities to gain public legitimacy and counteract negative framing from its competitors. Framing involves two important processes by highlighting and eliminating certain aspects. This process is performed by using certain frame in presenting the information. This article will reveal that framing is actively used by Sputnik to legitimize the Russian military's involvement in the Syrian civil war. It can be seen through the use of certain frames specifically frame of responsibility, morality and conflict. These frames are used to attract public attention as well as shaping their perspectives about the Russian military's involvement in the Syrian civil war as a necessary and positive effort. This shows that Sputnik used framing as an attempt to form a positive image of Russia as a strong state to the international world through news related to the involvement of Russian military in Syria's civil war.
50 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
From Dutch East Indies to Cape Colony: Diasporic Imaginaries, Social Identity, Cultural Continuity and Change in South Africa - An Exploratory Study Ariff Hafizi Mohd Radzi
As the permanent settlement of the Dutch East India Company and the important resupply depot for ships of Dutch East India Company from the Netherlands to Dutch East Indies, Cape Colony was a cosmopolis, a place inhabited by people from many different parts of the world. In the mid eighteenth to nineteenth century, thousands of individuals have been forcibly displaced from Dutch East Indies to Cape Colony in the form of penal transportation, political banishment and to a certain extent slave trade. As a result of this forced displacement, a new community was formed in Cape Colony, known as Cape Malays. This paper aims to examine the historical mobility of these individuals from Dutch East Indies to Cape Colony, the elaborate issues of identity making of Cape Malays and experiences in which this mobility bring about. This paper pursues these aims through postcolonial and diaspora studies perspectives by analysing the changing realities and life experiences of Cape Malays who were trapped in the colonial rule, oppressive apartheid era and the tensions of multiculturalism in South Africa.It begins by evaluating the existing concepts in respect of diaspora and then goes on to interrogate the elements pertinent to diasporic imaginaries such place of origin, nostalgia and genealogical lines. It will also look into the ways in which Cape Malays preserve, re-contextualise and re-create the lost ‘culture’ and ’home’ in South Africa. This paper submits that social identity of Cape Malays is a fluid social construct resulting from the negotiation between Cape Colony’s cosmopolitanism and the collective memory of the place of origin that is distant in time and space. This exploratory study is based on archival research, on secondary resources as well as the author’s field work in Cape Town and Indonesia in respect of the Dutch’s practice of exiling political dissents and criminal convicts. Research data was also gathered through the author’s observation, informal interviews with Cape Malays and by assessing the relevant theories concerning migration, diaspora studies and collective memory.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 51
‘Home’ and Identity Construction toward Muslim Diaspora in Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire (2017) Padel Muhammad Rallie Rivaldy, Manneke Budiman, Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
Two prominent issues in the context of pre- and post-Brexit Britain, especially since the increased of radicalism phenomenon, are identity and the meaning of home toward Muslim immigrant/diaspora. Since the winning of Brexit referendum, prejudice against Muslim as a group that is synonymous with terrorism and incapable to adapt with modernities are established among partial Islamophobic British societies. Consequently, at the extreme stages, Muslims and groups that are identified as Muslim, who get the impact of those essentialist homogenization, experience discrimination and forms of verbal and physical violence. These current issues not only portrayed through media and practical political agenda, but also in the channel of cultural realm, such as the production of literature by South Asian decents in English. By focusing on three main protagonists within the novel, this close-textual analysis examines how Pakistani diasporic community construct their identities and the meaning of home within Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire (2017). Shamsie’s novel narrates the phenomenon of 21st century radicalism through fictionalization of orphaned Muslim family; Isma, Aneeka, and Parvaiz, who settled in Britain. To support the analysis, this article draws upon Hall’s Identity theory (1990), Brah’s Homing Desire (1996), and Bhabha’s Unhomely (1992, 1994). This article reveals the novel represents heterogeneity within home and identity construction toward Pakistani diasporic community, rather than maintain essential meaning home and frame them within single collective identity. On the one side, Shamsie criticizes eurocentric biases point of view by portraying how her Muslim female protagonists construct their hybrid identities while defending Muslimness by using their veil and praying to god. On the other hand, the novel maintains established stereotype by affiliate Muslim male protagonist with Daesh as representation of radical group. Although three main protagonists interpret and defend home through their own views and both share imagination of London which is combined within diversity, Shamsie’s tone is quite pessimistic since three main protagonists do not ended up fulfilling their actualizations. However, this article figures out Home Fire offers optimistic nation concept which open the way into reconciliation.
How Contemporary German Society Commemorates Death Sonya Puspasari Suganda
In the present German society, there is an initiative that has been going on for over 25 years. This action is called the Stolperschwelle, and is conducted to commemorate the falling victims of the Nazis. An artist named Gunter Demnig started the whole project in 1992, and in 2017 with the support of the society he
52 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
succeeded to place the 70.000th stumbling stone (in German; Stolpersteine), a 96 mm x 96 mm x 100mm brass plaques in the pavement of the victim’s last address. At first it was meant to remember the death of the Jewish people during the Nazi era, but nowadays the stumbling stones represent also the death of the marginalized group of people, namely the Gipsy people, homosexuals, the physical-impaired people and the people who are falsely accused because of their religious and political belief. In Germany, people tend to show that they are in mourning by contributing to their surroundings. They believe that grieving brings them nothing. They must also do something actively about it. So, instead of dwelling on loss, grieve or distraught, they reach out their hands by helping other people (through donation for people in need), do something for the environment (for example by planting trees on the departed’s behalf). The purpose of such action is mainly to not forget their beloved ones by letting them partake in the ongoing live. Death is no long considered as something that separates the dead from the living. On the Stolperschwelle- project, for 120 euros anybody can sponsor a stumbling stone, its manufacture and its installation dedicated to one victim. This phenomenon has led us to wonder what are actually the purpose of such initiative with a large scale like the Stolperschwelle. People mourn because death occurs. But how can they mourn for people whom they have not met and known? People are known to mourn on individual level. But how does mourning on the communal level operate? The study is conducted by a qualitative approach by doing a literary review. By answering the above questions, this article attempts to show that the so-called traumatic landscape such as the holocaust can bring people together even many years later. Because memory is fluid, it can find and have new meaning in various forms. People can now contribute to commemorate the death of not only people they love and know so well, but also of people they don’t know.
Indonesian K-pop Fans in Seungri Gate: Between Loyalty and Moral Annisa Luthfiarrahman
March 2019, K-pop world is shocked by the emergence of Seungri Gate scandal. The scandal originated from acts of violence committed at Burning Sun club in Seoul, South Korea. It is rapidly revealed to be a chain of different but related cases of sexual violence, drug abuse, tax evasion, corruption involving the police, prostitution, as well as recording and distribution of molka (videos recorded with hidden cameras). Seungri, a member of the famous South Korean boygroup Bigbang, is the center of this scandal, and suspected to have received protection from important figures as he is still not jailed up until now. While most K-pop fans turned their back, some fans still held strong loyalty and vocally voiced their support through social media, which interestingly, mostly based on Indonesia. A group of Indonesian K-pop fans gathered in a rally to openly express their support for Seungri on March 17, 2019. This act drew
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 53
criticism from netizens all around the world, who accused those fans to be blinded by their love that they turned blind eye to reality. This article analyses the loyalty of some Indonesian fans to Seungri even after Seungri Gate emerged. The aim is to explore the reason behind the loyalty, and the behavior used to express their loyalty. Data were collected from posts related to Seungri Gate uploaded in the main platform most K-pop fans use to interact, Twitter, and interviews. Research findings discover the loyalty of those fans originated from absolute trust, indebted feeling, and obligation. They argue if one has declared to be a fan, she must put trust on the idol before anything. Some argue the idol has helped them through their hard times, so it is their turn to support him in his hard time. There are also fans who think it is an obligation to support the idol no matter what happened, even if they know the idol is at fault. This article will finally reveal the types of behavior fans used to express their loyalty.
Japanese and Germany Cultural Interaction in Transnational Festival Dokomi Marcellino Sebastian
The popularity of Japanese Pop culture worldwide has spawned fandoms, lores and Japanese Pop Culture Events/JPCE in many countries such as Anime Expo in the US and Dokomi in Germany. Both are the largest JPCEs in their respective regions. This research, we will be focusing on the transnational festival Dokomi. Dokomi (Doitsu Komikku Maketto/German Comic Market) is a JPCE originating in Düsseldorf, Germany. Germany itself has ties with Japan and dating back from the Meiji Restoration Era, World War 2, and into the 21st Century. The interviewers of this research would often compare aspects of the two cultures such as Perfectionism and Precision. In Düsseldorf, the presence of the Japanese Culture can be strongly felt in the presence of of Japanese companies, expatriates and events such as Japan Tag (Japan day) and Dokomi. In this instance, Dokomi which started as an event from a local Gymnasium in 2009, has grown into one of Germany’s biggest anime conventions. From 1800 visitors in its first year, to 45000 in 2018. This year they’re expecting that number to rise to up to 50000. The massive growth of visitors each year shows a growing interest in Japanese culture in Germany. Dokomi, like other JPCEs showcases modern Japanese Culture like Anime, Manga, Games, Cosplay, and many more attractions. Though similar to JPCE in many other countries, the locals would often implement own way of showing these pop cultures which results in an interaction between the Japanese and Local Culture. Using the Netnography method, the author focuses on the event itself, the interaction between the Japanese and German Culture in Dokomi, the opinions about Japanese culture from the Germans perspective and uncover the reason why Dokomi has gained a huge following since its founding. The (re)construction of japanese popular culture in Germany will shows that germans are more open to other culture nowadays and it is an arena of fluid identity.
54 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Literary Narrative of and about Refugees to Validate the Quiet Experiences of Refugees Nurhadianty Rahayu
Edward Said uttered in his essay collection Reflections on Exile that “Refugees, in the general novelistic tradition, must make the present; unlike the Stendhalian or Dickensian case, the present is not an imaginary luxury but a literal existential necessity.” Facing violence and danger at home placed them in a helpless and choiceless condition in which they used smuggling service to leave for safer countries. Migrating in the commercial help of smugglers means facing uncertainty, because the journey they need to walk on often life- threatening. Their fate that seems to be covered by danger is somehow reduced to be statistical number in factual reports. The study is not intended to claim that literary writings are superior to any journalistic work, but the combination among imagination, aesthetic, historical, and factual elements in literary narratives are opted since they portray a more comprehensive representation of refugees’ personal experiences. Hardships made refugees’ identity unacknowledged, if not extinct. Refugees’ poems and novels are seen as counter argument against the commonly reductionist version of their suffering in news reports. The study aims to provide the argument of literary narratives as a more thorough depiction of the experience of refugees. The analysis of poems and novels is chosen because the works enable text to provide a platform to make their silenced experiences heard. Poems analyzed in this research are I am a Refugee by Mohamed Raouf Bachir translated from Arabic by Thomas Aplin and from Friendly Harbor, Hostile Ship by Bachtyar Ali, novels analyzed are Exit West by Mohsin Hamid and When the Moon is Low by Nadia Hashimi. The literary excerpts are analyzed through Feminist Refugee Epistemology (FRE) which according to Nadera Shalhoub Kevorkian in Espiritu (2018) “draws our awareness to routine, intimate, and private sites where power is both reproduced and contested.” The stories embedded in the poems and novels investigated in the study confronted a generalized stereotype that refugees threaten a country’s wellbeing. Varied research had been conducted to analyze the role of literary writing as an act of resistance, such as those which had been examined by Shukri (1967), Said, 2000), Jessica Senehi (2002), Cayetana (2012), Rodgers, & Woolcock (2008), S. C. Yohani (2008). Espiritu & Duong (2018) used Feminist Refugee Epistemology (FRE) analyze the artwork of Vietnamese and Syrian women artists, exhibiting refugees’ stories. FRE methodology inspired this investigation, even though the on-going analysis is done to poems and novels.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 55
Loneliness of the Character Ich as Chancellor Son in Raumpatrouille by Matthias Brandt Cecilia Aloina, Lisda Liyanti
People usually think of childhood either in reality or in literary works as a phase filled with joy and excitement. Yet people also seem to not realize that children too can face issues that are normally experienced by the adults. Loneliness is one of them. The feeling of loneliness can be found in many literary works, including Raumpatrouille by Matthias Brandt, a German actor and the youngest child of Willy Brandt, a german politician and former chancellor of West Germany. This book contains fourteen short stories of Brandt’s childhood in Bonn between late 1960s and 1970s, during which his father was actually in his heyday. Each story carries different theme, and they are arranged unchronologically. This article analyses the loneliness experienced by the character Ich (I) as the chancellor son in Raumpatrouille, especially in the four stories that shows the father as a character in it. Those four stories are Die anderen, Attaché, Welthölzer and Was ist. The aim is to explore how the author depict the loneliness of the character Ich throughout the four stories. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach by conducting literature review and in-depth observation of the four stories. The supporting data is taken from interview and textual analysis by referring to and evaluating existing concepts, such as the connection between loneliness in childhood and attachment theory, and the multidimensional concept of loneliness in the eyes of children which include affective dimension, cognitive dimension and a set of interpersonal situations or contexts. Research findings evaluate and reveal that the loneliness experienced by the character Ich was affected by his relationship with his father and his surroundings. The fact that his father was a prominent figure made his childhood like no others. He was often shown as being ignored and experienced exclusion and lack of companionship, which are parts of cognitive and interpersonal dimension of loneliness in the eyes of children. This article will finally reveal that the loneliness experienced by the character Ich is affected by the fact that he was the chancellor son and how the attachment to the parents and other people’s treatment towards him really affect this experience of loneliness in childhood.
Media Framing in Constructing the Identity of The Tielman Brothers Ibrahim Noosa Jawara
The Tielman Brothers is a Dutch Rock ‘n Roll band formed in the late 1950s consisting of Dutch-Indo members. Despite the fact that the band has never claimed to have invented any musical genre, until this day The Tielman Brothers is regarded by many as ‘the pioneer of Indorock’. However, such title did not actually exist in the early years of The Tielman Brothers’ career. In fact, the term ‘Indorock’ itself was founded years after the heyday of The Tielman
56 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Brothers was over. This paper analyses the connection between the media and the identity of The Tielman Brothers. The aim of this research is to reveal the framing process carried out by the media towards The Tielman Brothers and to identify the role of media framing in constructing the identity of The Tielman Brothers. There have been studies on Indorock as a genre and The Tielman Brothers as its pioneers. However, thus far, none has discussed how such elements became parts of The Tielman Brothers’ identity as a result of framing done by the media. This research applies Hall’s theory of identity and Entmant’s theory of framing. In order to get a clear representation of the media’s perspective towards The Tielman Brothers, six articles from both regional and national newspapers such as Het Parool, Limburgs Dagblad, Trouw, NRC Handelsblad, Friese Koerier, and Algemeen Handelsblad were obtained and classified according to their respective release dates. Objects of this research span from 1960 to 2001, from the first newspaper article to ever mention The Tielman Brothers in 1960, to NRC Handelsblad’s interview with the late Andy Tielman in 2001. Perspectives of both the media and the subject will be compared to identify their impact on The Tielman Brothers’ identity. From the conducted research, it can be concluded that the media has an important role in constructing the identity of The Tielman Brothers, which has from time to time experienced constant transformations. This is caused by the shift in the media’s approach in framing The Tielman Brothers throughout the years. The media as a dominant regime of representation proves to be the superior force when it comes to constructing the identity of The Tielman Brothers. This paper shows how media framing can dramatically influence one’s identity.
Men of the Troops: The Construction of Masculinity in the Contemporary Hollywood War Movie The Yellow Birds (2017) Destia Nur Arafah, Bayu Kristianto
A number of researches have found that there has been a shift in the representation of masculinity in war movies, in which the image of traditional masculine “ideal” soldier has gradually been replaced by the image of a more “feminine” soldier. The Yellow Birds (2017) is a contemporary Hollywood war movie which grapples with the issue of masculinity by challenging the notion of hegemonic military masculinity. This research paper will analyze the movie’s construction and representation of masculinity by examining the explicit and implicit elements, such as symbols, language use, and actions, which appear throughout the movie. To do so, it employs various theories and concepts related to the issue, such as the concept of military masculinity, and those related to each of the features of the movie, such as symbolism and the use of language as a means by the superior to demonstrate power over the subordinates. This research demonstrates that the movie attempts to contest hegemonic military masculinity by means of humanizing the characters,
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 57
criticizing the military institution, and presenting characters as victims of hegemonic military masculinity.
Metaphor in Advertisement of Beauty Products Karima Hasna Shofia, Dien Rovita
In the use of language, metaphors are used as depictions based on equality or comparisons in the form of words or groups of words that are not real meanings. Metaphor can be discussed in various fields, such as literature and linguistic, especially language in advertisement. Advertising is one means of communication (language) that is used to market a product and service. The language in the ad has the characteristics of persuasive, communicative, informative, easy to understand and remember, attract attention and invite viewers or readers. One example in the advertisement of Oriflame beauty products as data, there is the use of metaphors, warna intens meluncur lembut. The sentence contains the metaphor used in terms of beauty. Based on KBBI V, ‘beauty is elegance (about look, face); elegancy'. Based on this, this study aims to reveal the use of metaphors in advertising beauty products. In addition, this study also analyzes the relationship of the source and the target domains of the metaphorical words. The data used in this study is the January 2019 edition of the Oriflame product catalog. This research is a descriptive analysis. The analysis is based on the concept put forward by Lakoff (1980) and Siregar (2004) to find out the relationship between the source and target domains. There are 25 advertising sentences containing metaphorical words. The data is then grouped based on the type of beauty product and analyzed based on word class groups (verbs, adjectives and nouns). The metaphorical words that have been grouped will then be analyzed by conceptual mapping theory according to Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Siregar (2004), which describe the domain of the SOURCE and the TARGETS of the metaphorical word. Conceptual mapping will be made in the form of naming TARGET as SOURCE. In the analysis of this research, the TARGET is BEAUTY, while the SOURCE is the DOMAIN found in KBBI V and The Indonesian Thesaurus. Analysis of the source and target domains will be able to show that the metaphor works in two domains, namely the source and target domains. The results of this study indicate that advertisement of beauty products contain metaphorical words that come from various fields or topics (sources) and refer to the term beauty (target). Other than that, the conceptual mapping analysis conducted also shows the existence of a relationship between the source and target domains.
58 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Minorities in Lead: Collectivism and Self-Personalization in Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s YouTube Political Campaign Videos Gita Ayu Maharani, Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a representative of NY-14 Congressional District, uses YouTube videos as her political campaign. These videos function as a tool that is used not only to attract voters, but also to brand and construct her identity as a representative of NY-14 district along with its diversity. The main focus of this article is to show how campaign videos from Alexandria Ocasio- Cortez articulate a sense of collective identity in terms of racial, ethnic, and social class identities. Furthermore, the videos portray her positioning as a female politician. Through defining features of tactical repertoires and collective action frame, the research findings show that collectivism strategy helps to amplify the willpower of the people and construct an inclusive nuance through Ocasio-Cortez’s campaign videos. In addition, the analysis also uncovers that in the videos, her image as a female politician use predominantly feminine traits while strategically using self-personalization. Further discussion is needed regarding the use of other political communication strategies to make a more inclusive political campaign that could lead to a more diverse representation in the U.S politics.
Negated Beauty Myth in the Song Ich find' dich Scheiße from Tic Tac Toe Eunice Hasiholan Feromida, Lilawati Kurnia
Beauty, and women are two things that always go together. Discussing a beautiful woman seems endless especially in the media. For example, how the standard of the beauty is different from one place to the other. Traditionally, the culture has some impact on determining the characteristics of beauty. For example, the traditional Korean image of beauty was average or even overweight because it is seen as representing abundance (Han, 2003). In China and Japan, beautiful, and healthy women are those with round faces and mild plumpness (Han, 2003). Alike Korean, Hispanic culture find oversized and curvy bodies attractive (Cunningham, Roberts, Barbee, Druen, & Wu, 1995). While in parts of Africa, scarification of the skin was a beauty process (Frith, 2006). But nowadays, these values are changing as the communication technology also improved. This globalization process has led to an increasing level of global integration between cultures (Giddens, 1990). As an impact of this globalization process, a cross-culturally accepted standard of ideal beauty features high eyebrows, large eyes, high cheekbones, a small nose, and a narrow face (Cunningham et al., 1995). This has led to some problem such as low self- esteem, body image dissatisfaction, anorexia, bulimia, and depression to attain their ideal image (Harrison & Cantor, 1997; Lavie, Sweeney, & Wagner, 1999). This research would show, how this beauty myth is being negated by a young generation who criticize the older generation through a Deutschrap from Tic
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 59
Tac Toe titled Ich find' dich Scheiße. This negation could be seen through both the lyrics and the music video. Close reading the text will be analyse the notion of beauty in this song and how the group negated it. This research aim to examine the negation Tic Tac Toe has uttered. Different to prior research that focusing this stereotyping femininity as something that constructed by men (Palmer, 1989: 33), this research would show that woman, who is showing the features of beauty myth doesn't only mean that they are subjected to men's construction of beauty, but instead also helping to distribute this beauty myth among societies.
Police and Terror in Der Baader Meinhof Komplex (2008) Film Maria Monica Wijaya, Lilawati Kurnia
Terrorism can be regarded as a constant companion of humanity, and is one of the most dangerous and unpredictable phenomena of modern times (Vavrenyuk, 2018). Nevertheless, the pretext of counter-terrorism operations and combating the symptoms of threats often become restrictions and even violations of the basic rights of civilians inherent in democratic countries (Smolarek & Żuber, 2013). One of the case occurred in Jakarta on May 22 at the announcement of the 2019 Presidential Election’s result. The use of violence in combating terrorism carried out by the Indonesian National Police officers received criticism from several organizations (reported from nasional.tempo.co). The general roles of the police known by the community are centered on law enforcement, crime control and peacekeeping (Jobard, 2015). This also means that the police is responsible to protect society from terror threats. In recent years, however, the measures adopted by States to counter terrorism have themselves often posed serious challenges to human rights and the rule of law (reported from Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). This contradictory leads to question the significance of the police in combating terrorism. This paper discusses the notion of terror, which contained in the construction of police in Der Baader Meinhof Komplex (2008) film. The purpose of this study is to show how terrorism is not only a part of the people who stands oppisite the government, but terror could also be used by the apparatus itself in the name of peace and people. Following the development of counter-terrorism strategy conducted by the police, the proposed study will help the society to reconsider the police’s responsibility to maintain public order and safety. Furthermore, by taking a film as the data, this paper meant to show that film is not just a form of entertainment, but also a cultural product that can reflect society’s life. The method used in this study is a qualitative methods with argumentative approach based on literature review. To see the depiction of the police within the framework of cultural studies, scenes and dialogues from the film Der Baader Meinhof Komplex (2008) are analyzed using Hall's representation theory. The analysis has shown that the police not only plays a role in fighting
60 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
terror, but also in creating terror. While the previous researches focus on the terror carried out by the Baader-Meinhof group, this article revealed the terror carried out by the West Germany’s police.
Power Relations between Urban and Indigenous Society in Indonesian Children Novel Mata di Tanah Melus by Okky Madasari Wikan Satriati, Dhita Hapsarani
The objectives of this research are to reveal the power relations between Indonesian urban dan indigenous society portrayed in Indonesian children’s novel, Mata di Tanah Melus (2018) by Okky Madasari. Among the few researches on Indonesian children’s books of the Post Reformation era, Suwandi and Wardani (2018) applies psychoanalytic literary criticism in exploring id, ego, and superego of Mata, the protagonist in the novel Mata di Tanah Melus. The research identifies the dynamic of Freud’s trinitarian aspect of personality works in and results in the child’s strong and positive characters. Another research on the same novel (Sari, 2019) investigates the personalities and values of hard work in the characters of the novel and its relevance to literary pedagogy in high schools. The study showed that the positive depiction of Mata’s character has a relevance to children’s character education through literary discussions in high schools classes. As prior research on Mata di Tanah Melus uses pedagogical and psychoanalytical approaches, this study focuses its investigation on the power relations between urban and indigenous society as depicted in the novel by using Pierre Bordieu's theory power and knowledge to identify how the dynamics in the power relations between urban and indigenous society are represented. The method of the research is qualitative approach, by analysing the novel text that related to the research topic. The research shows that, knowledge is an important key in a power relation, which delivered in the corpus through its literary elements; especially character, point of view, and plot.
Representation of Nigerian Refugee in Germany in the Film Willkommen bei den Hartmanns (2016) Saras Florentia, Maria Regina Widhiasti
Under Angela Merkel's government, Germany adopted a policy of accepting refugees, especially those who came seeking asylum from conflict countries. Therefore, Germany is one of the largest recipients of refugees in the European Union. The wave of the influx of refugees to Germany reached its peak in 2015 when more than one million refugees entered German territory. This situation aroused debate in German society, as concerns arose that refugees would
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 61
burden the German economy and threaten the country's national security. The acceptance and rejection of these refugees are also reflected in various media products, including films. Willkommen bei den Hartmanns (2016) is one of the films that raise this theme. This film by Simon Verhoeven tells of a refugee from Nigeria named Diallo adopted by a German family. By analyzing how the film shows Diallo and the Hartmann family, this study seeks to see the representation of refugees from Nigeria in German films. This semiotic analysis of the scenes in Willkommen bei den Hartmanns shows that the stereotypical use in the film confirms the unpreparedness of the German community to receive a wave of refugees.
Representations of Hadhrami Cultural Identity in Hoesin Bafagih’s Fatimah (1938) Sayidatul Ummah, Christina T. Suprihatin
Indonesia is a multiethnic country with rich and diverse cultures. Among co- existing groups of people, the Hadhramis are the second largest minority group who came to Indonesia through diaspora. It is believed that religion is the main factor which played a role of succeeding the Hadhrami’s assimilation process with the locals (Kesheh, 2007). An example of such assimilation would be the marriage between a Hadhrami and a native, from which the mixed race generation (=muwallad) emerged. However, since this generation cannot be identified with the original Hadhrami group (=wulaiti), issues of cultural identities arises. For instance, some muwallads choose to inherit and preserve their ancestors’ Hadhramaut culture. On the other hand, not a few of them adopt the cultures and traditions of their birthplace, Indonesia. Portrayals of such social reality can be found in works of literature, one of which is Hoesin Bafagih’s drama, Fatimah (1938). This article is a summary of a research on issues appearing in the drama, which particularly reveals perspective differences related to issues of cultural identities between Hadhrami generations. In the research, textual analysis was applied through the technique of close reading. In analyzing the text, the research also benefits from concepts of representation and cultural identities (Hall, 1990 and 1997). The concept of representation is applied to discover the process of production and meaning exchanges that can be identified through language. Meanwhile, the concept of cultural identity is utilized in discovering how cultural identity of the Hadhramis is constructed within the text. Based on the result of the research, it is concluded that Hadhrami cultural identity is heterogeneous while being both inclusive and exclusive at the same time. Such heterogeneity is not fully identical with age. Instead of representing the younger generation of Hadhramis as the inclusive generation, in Fatimah, inclusion is a trait that is more identifiable in the older generation. These findings indicate that Fatimah is the writer’s attempt at resolving intergenerational conflicts among Hadhramis which occurred by the time the drama was published.
62 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Reproducing and Stimulating Nostalgia: Wedangan as a Representation of Solo’s Identity Transformation Danang Salahuddin Aditya Lukmana, Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
“Solo masa depan adalah Solo masa lalu” or “the future of Solo is in its past” has become the city’s identity or brand since it was first introduced during Jokowi’s time as the mayor of Solo in 2005. The city in its mission to keep up with the rapid development of major cities in Indonesia is romanticizing its cultural past and one of the strategies is by bringing forward a local culinary practice in Solo, namely Wedangan. This article focuses on how Wedangan, which is formerly known as a lower class consumption, has played a substantial role in Solo’s historical trajectory and its identity transformation. Wedangan was chosen as a case study because it signifies the process of stimulating nostalgia of the past in reconstructing a more proletary and non- feudal identity of Solo. Three wedangan, which are Wedangan Pak Yo, Wedangan Pendopo and Wedangan Tiga Tjeret, are chosen as case studies as they represent different ways of commodifying nostalgia whilst reconstructing the city’s identity. One one hand, the “upscaling” of wedangan which could be seen from Wedangan Tiga Tjeret changes the concept of a street food stall (kaki lima) into a café. Based on interviews and participant observations, research findings show that nostalgia in Wedangan is built by selecting elements of the past. For example, the name “tiga tjeret” exemplify the “old” wedangan element deriving from ceret (or cerek), which refers to a traditional kettle often used to cook water. However, ceret is not used as a kitchen utensil in the contemporary wedangan but merely as decorations reminiscing identities of the past. Furthermore, references to the colonial past, for example from the colonial architecture and enamel advertising signs reveal that the contemporary wedangan is referring to a selected past: the colonial time and not the glorification of Solo’s historical royalties defying the ningrat identity of Solo. Meanwhile, in Wedangan Pak Yo, which has been around since the 1960s, the owners are strategically holding on to its nostalgic artefacts (i.e. old fashioned utensils) to differentiate itself with the “other” wedangan. We would argue that Pak Yo is preserving memory of the past without having to reproduce nostalgia unlike the contemporary wedangan. Therefore, as a “third space” for the urban dwellers, Wedangan has not only accommodated nostalgia, but also articulated the dynamic process of remembering the past and constructing the identity of the city.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 63
Shaping the Identity in Depok: A Study of Language Landscape and Dialectology Sri Munawarah, Frans Asisi Datang
Every day spoken and written languages are ubiquitously present in enormous varieties of media in public landscapes which can be studied under the linguistic landscape paradigm showing the interaction between language uses and the language users which can be found in common signs such as notice boards, commercials, street names, banners, or bumper stickers. Studying these simple signs is the starting point in observing how a language (variety) exists and interacts with other languages within a public landscape. A language development is constantly dynamic as it is influenced by various factors, such as social, political, and historical events and the dynamics within the society itself. The same factors are applicable to explore the linguistic dynamics found in the city of Depok, West Java. The projection of Depok as an autonomous region which can accommodate areas for housing, education, tourism, and water absorption influences the language mapping of the area. The increase in educational and public facilities, e.g. shopping malls, is significant in promoting the increase in inter-region communication interactions. The interaction level throughout Depok areas is high because of its demographic structure and the increasing availability of various means of transportation. Based on its history and its geography, a hypothesis states that many speakers of Betawi language and Sundanese reside in Depok. Regional varieties is influenced by the identity factor. Thus, it is interesting to study how the instances of written texts found in public landscapes can be an indicator of what language variety is actually used by the inhabitants of Depok. The study is aimed at demonstrating the written language varieties found in Depok public landscapes based on written evidence which are compared with language varieties based on the regional variation (dialectology). It is expected that the inhabitants of Depok have certain distinctive linguistic features. This study used the qualitative research method and the sociogeolinguistic approach combining sociolinguistics, linguistic landscape, and dialectology (geolinguistics). The results show there are two language use distributions in Depok, the Sundanese and the Betawi language. From the landscapes, Betawi language is used in billboards, restaurant names, and local government banners. The study is useful for the local government in their efforts to confirm the identity of Depok inhabitants.
Singaporean in the Eyes of Its People: A Cultural Studies of the Instagram Account Humans of Singapore Balqis Az Zahra, Harwintha Yuhria Anjarningsih
Singapore has always left a space for researchers to dive more into multiculturalism whose significance has made it the bedrock of government rules and policy for defining what is to be a Singaporean. Furthermore,
64 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Chinese-Malay-Indian-Others (CMIO) model (Reddy, 2016) has become the current racial categorization framework that acknowledges Singapore’s multiracial and multicultural identity. The emergence of the Instagram account Humans of Singapore (HoS) invites researchers to have a glimpse on Singapore’s identity representation. Along the years, the constant debate of race categorization caused an emergence of different opinions regarding race relations between the people and the powers in Singapore. On the one hand, the government tries to instil in Singaporeans the awareness to protect their heritage with multiculturalism and multiracialism policy. On the other hand, the Singaporeans have their own take as reflected by the HoS account. This research aims to see the way race and ethnicity of Singaporeans are represented as today’s Singaporean identity by the HoS Instagram account and to analyze whether the representation by HoS pledges or negotiates the notion of a unified Singapore. The findings of this study gives beneficial information to the society at large considering that social media play an important role in today’s daily life, especially in shaping people’s minds toward certain issues. Thus, this study contributes to give a specific depiction of today’s Singaporeans through this Instagram account as a medium for the unheard voices of Singapore regarding multiracialism in Singapore. This study examines all the data using a qualitative method in line with contextual research by O’Reilly on the Instagram account Humans of New York (HoNY) stating that narration is able to create several representations on behalf of a place, race, and everything that relates to a city (O’Reilly, 2011). Six posts are selected based on captions that mentions the keywords Singaporean, Singapore, ethnic or race. Additionally, following Reddy (2018), as a study of multiracial identity construction, this study also incorporates the careful negotiation of structural influences such as government social policies. This paper shows that the representation of today’s Singaporeans are: (1) blending culture and emphasizing the sense of belonging between different ethnicities in Singapore to counter ethnic stereotypes, (2) resisting or negotiating government policy, by narrating the sense of belonging to Singapore as a nation and Singaporean identity. This paper is also based on past research about Singapore and its concept of multiplicity within singularity suggested by Rocha (2011).
Symbols and The Meaning of Women in The Poems of Li Bai, Wang Changling and Du Fu Nurbaity Ningsih, Rahadjeng Pulungsari Hadi
This final assignment discusses the symbols and the meaning of women that consisted in the poems of Li Bai, Wang Changling and Du Fu. The author took four poems from the Tang dynasty that consists a lots of symbols about women, the poem of 杜甫 entitled 佳人, poem of 李白entitled 春思 and 怨情, and the poem of 王昌龄 entitled 闺怨. The symbols aim to give readers the meaning
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 65
about the poet’s feelings. Not only symbols, the author also discusses the meaning of women in the four poems that associated with the women position in the Tang dynasty. The purpose of this study is to explain symbols, the meanings of symbol and explain the women position that contained in the poems of Li Bai, Wang Changling and Du Fu. The analysis process included translation as a corpus of research, followed by an analysis of the meanings from the symbols that appeared in poetry. In addition to analyzing women's symbols, the author will explain the position of women in that four poems. The benefits to be achieved from this research are enriching the literature study which collects a collection of poems from Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Changling, and contributes to the development of the study of literature, especially poetry. Symbols in Chinese poetry can express various things. Through these symbols, the meaning of poetry can cause poetic effects and make the readers inspire to know more about the meaning of the poem. Related to the characteristics of Chinese poetry which were rich of symbols, this study attempt to express the symbols and meanings of women in the four poems of the Tang poets. From the four poems above, there are two poems which reveal the symbols and meanings of women's feelings, there are also two other poems that do not fully have the symbols and meanings of women on each line.
The Construction of Meghan Markle’s Identity as a Biracial Woman on Media Reports Maghfirah Fitrianur Ardifa, Harumi Manik Ayu Yamin
The construction of Meghan Markle’s identity as a biracial woman can be represented through the reports of the British Royal wedding 2018 in the U.K and U.S media. British Royal family and its wedding have always been the center of world’s attention, for example, the presence of Lady Diana and Kate Middleton in the Royal Family who got married with Prince Charles and Prince William. Therefore, the life of every family member in the kingdom has never been separated from the media spotlight. In this case, the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle became a controversy since Harry is the only Royal family member who got married with a mixed-race woman. Because of that, media all over the world reported to their marriage and mostly focused on Meghan Markle, an African American actress. How these reports reflect ambivalence in the ways media report about Meghan Markle in the article as a ‘modernizing’ change in the mostly white British Royal family and how media reports on Meghan Markle emphasize her racial identity and family background are the focus of this research. The theory of modern racism from Caliendo and McIlwain, and Brian Paltridge’s critical discourse analysis and framing serve as the framework for this research. The research shows that some of the media still have a tendency to be racist towards biracials who have a mixed African heritage like Meghan since media also have major impact for this case. In addition, media’s reporting can affect public’s opinion. Therefore, various
66 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
media’s reporting of Meghan can create people’s certain point of view towards Meghan’s identity as a biracial woman. Since the discussion of media representation and identity have something to do with popular culture, the British Royal wedding can be considered as a product of popular culture because it is designed to entertain. This article also reveals that there is ambivalence in the media regarding her presence whether she may present a new image in the British Royal family or she is as a biracial woman who does not necessarily bring major impacts towards how biracial people are represented in general media. All the data were collected by using library research. The information are obtained from both online and offline sources, such as books, scientific papers, articles, and news. Moreover, the data used in this article are gathered by synthesizing several readings from selected media.
The Destruction of The Family Institution in Coming Home Film (归来 Guilai) Directed by Zhang Yimou (张艺谋) Sonia Ashari, Nurni Wahyu Wuryandari
Coming Home (归来 Guilai) is a film by director Zhang Yimou, based on the last thirty pages of the novel entitled The Criminal Lu Yanshi（陆犯焉识) by Yan Geling (严歌苓). The movie tells the story of a returning prisoner named Lu Yanshi to his home. He returned home twice. First, he came home by running away because he missed his family. Second, Lu returned home after receiving official release from the Government. The Lu's return to his home and family did not make happiness for him. Peter Sobczynski (2015) when discussing the character of the casts in the Guilai film stated that this film has emotional strength of the main casts, Gong Li, Chen Daoming, and Zhang Huiwen play equally well. The emotion of the casts is what gives the audience a special impression. Mila Rosalina Debbybriela (2015), through a semiotic approach, discusses the number five symbol that appears in the Coming Home film as an illustration of the condition of a family who was a victim of the Cultural Revolution. The number symbol or the 5th that should be a symbol of the happy day of the return of Lu Yanshi's figure to his family, turned out to be a symbol of grief for Lu Yanshi. This final project will discuss who Lu Yanshi really is, why he was thrown into prison, how his family is doing, what happened after he tried to go home for the first time, and what happened when he came home after got official release? To answer this question, there will be intrinsic review of the film in three ways, that is by discussing the background of the story, revealing the casts and characterization in the film, and then revealing the contents of the story of Guilai film itself. To give meaning to the dialogue, the expression of the casts, and images in the film, a semiotic approach will be carried out. The results of the review revealed that the destruction of Lu's family occured due to accusations of "the right group" which the party gave to Lu during the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 67
Cultural Revolution. Even though the Cultural Revolution was over, the Lu's family could never be a happy family anymore.
The Discourse of Asthabrata in Sirah! by A.Y. Suharyono Ratih Regita Setyani, Turita Indah Setyani
Leader has been known as an essential element in social life, and each human being is expected to be a leader, especially for him/herself. Being the leader for oneself comprises the ability to control the self in order to understand the self. Therefore, the teaching on leadership is basically needed by each person, especially who are appointed as the community leader like kings, state officials, or the organization leaders, and also those who seek for self-leadership. Then, the main question will be: how to be a good and right leader? In relation to this discussion, asthabarata represents the patterns of Javanese leadership still widely believed by the people. Astabrata is a traditional Javanese teaching on leadership that is still applied by the people up to these days. It is depicted in several contemporary literary works, including Sirah!. Sirah! is a Javanese novel written by A. Y. Suharyono published by Wedatama Widyasastra in Jakarta. The novel narrates the situation during the election of village head in Jati Dhoyong from the registration process, written examination, campaign, until the inauguration. Each candidate of Jati Dhoyong village heads possessed different personality and educational background. The basic requirement for the candidate is the ability to lead. It is understood in this article as the representation of the Javanese concept on ideal leader. Therefore, this article aims at describing the philosophical meaning of Javanese leader as asthabrata discourse depicted in Sirah!. This qualitative study implements Budiono Herusatoto’s theory on symbolic interpretation to understand the philosophical meaning of leadership in the text. Research results showed that Joyo Dengkek, the elected village head of Jati Doyong in Sirah!, possessed several characteristics of asthabrata leadership pattern. The leadership pattern plays an essential role in human life in becoming a leader. Based on the research results, this article concludes that the concept of asthabrata as the Javanese leadership philosophy depicted in Sirah! (2001) represents the current ideology on leadership. It shows that asthabrata as the concept of ideal leadership in the Javanese culture constitutes relevancy with the current modern life, especially among the Javanese.
68 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Influence of Spirit Fingers Club Toward Wooyeon Character in Webtoon Spirit Fingers Grace Mary Amelia Lubis, Nurni Wahyu Wuryandari
Since 2003 South Korea has launched comics through the web known as webtoon, short for the word web and cartoon. Webtoon has genres that various and the readers can give webtoon rating for rankings. Webtoon rankings had determined based on their popularity among readers. One of webtoon that has a high-ranking for the drama genre is 스피릿 핑거스 or Spirit Fingers by Han Kyeongchal. SF tells the story of a high school girl named Song Wooyeon who has an introvert personality. She met with members of the drawing club called Spirit Fingers (SF) made she able to change herself. Isro Ima (2018) in the idntimes.com article states that the SF webtoon has packed with unique stories that lifted from everyday life. According to Iso Ima, SF has ten messages conveyed, namely that someone have to confident with own appearance, do not afraid if you are not wrong, sincere towards others, becomes understanding friend, becomes a loving siblings, befriends regardless of age, be strong more than you think, be loyal and be forgiving. Hwang Hyeong-lim (2018) in the Artinsight.com article, considers that the main character in SF has a shy character and she looking for her true identity. Wooyeon's meet SF members made her find her true identity, and was able to achieved her own happiness.Isro Ima stated that SF had ten messages, while Hwang Hyeong-lim stated that SF told about Wooyeon's figure who managed to find her identity, gain self-happiness and the world she aspires to after joining the SF. The research they did never revealed what caused the character of Wooyeon to have an introvert personality, often bury feelings, and lacks of passion about future in her life. Wooyeeon's self-change can only be known through searches that caused Wooyeon's introvert personality, and the role of the SF group in transforming her. Two methods to solve is intrinsic dissection to dissect the characters and important events in the story that trigger the change in the main character (Stanton, 2007: 33). Furthermore, because comics has many kind of dialogue, both in the form of utterances that are directly spoken or expressions of the characters heart or thoughts, then the methods used by Danesi used to interpret the dialogues (Danesi, 2011: 130). From the results of intrinsic and semiotic dissection, found that the cause of Wooyeon's introvert personality was the pressure of her own family. The meeting with Spirit Fingers make her had inspiration to expressing herself and thoughts has led to positive changes in Wooyeon.
The Morality of the Song Aja Dipleroki and Its Relevance in the Present Elisa Nur Utari, Ari Prasetiyo
Modernity and globalization is a social reality that has swept all parts of the world, of course with different levels of quantity and quality. Geographical
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 69
boundaries are not able to limit the movement of humans to explore the world. Cultural exchange between nations is something that cannot be avoided. That certainly greatly affects human life. In other words, these two things are very influential on human culture. The cultural problem caused by the exchange of culture is a matter of identity. When talking about the dichotomy of Western and Eastern cultures, it can no longer be distinguished. West and East have merged into one entity. That certainly has an impact on local cultures (local wisdom), where local culture is defeated or lost, replaced by foreign or foreign cultures. In connection with these problems, the important thing to do is how we strive to preserve and preserve local wisdom. One of the things that can be done in relation to Javanese culture is by revealing Javanese cultural values. One of the values of Javanese culture is contained in Javanese songs. This study will discuss what moral values are contained in the song Aja Dipléroki by Ki Narta Sabda. The purpose of this study is to find moral values in Javanese culture that we can make as guidelines in order to deal with the global and modern currents. This research uses descriptive analysis method and uses a linguistic approach, namely the study of meaning. The study of meaning is used to examine the meaning of the lyrics of Aja Dipléroki's songs, both denotation and connotation. After the meaning of the song's poem is discussed, then the moral values contained in it are taken. The moral value contained in the song Aja Dipléroki is the importance of maintaining the value of Javanese culture in the form of customs and traditions, and does not tend to choose or refer to Western culture as its identity. The Javanese must maintain an Eastern personality. One of these cultural values is the concept of amamangun karyénak tyasing sasama which means keeping and creating happiness in the hearts of others. In order to better illustrate the importance of learning and maintaining local cultural values, the moral values contained in the song Aja Dipléroki are also associated with or relevance to the social realities that occur in today's society.
The Role of Christianity in the Making of the 1960s-1980s South Korean Women’s Life-Style Rostineu, Linda Sunarti
Relative to the Korean elite group in the 19th century that mostly tends to be close-minded and resistant to the coming of Christianity in South Korea. It is a matter of an important fact that the emergence of the new religion had pushed and unintentionally brought about some significant changes and modernization, particularly related to the broader life of Korean women during the period. The scale of effect of Christianity on daily life of Korean women particularly appears in 1960s-1980s. With this point in mind, this study intends to explore the role of Christianity in the shaping of the 1960s-1980s Korean women’s broader life-style. Methodologically, the study puts more focus on particularly examining the role of Christianity in shaping of the 1960s-1980s
70 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Korean women’s broader life-style in social and economic fields. This study mainly applies historical approach and relies on, as primary and secondary data sources, written historical archives generally derived from the sites of national archival collection of the Republic of Korea, Korean newspapers and magazines, academic publications and three open-ended interviews with Korean Christian women that experienced the dynamic and situation in the 1970s onward. Before the 1960s, the role of South Korean women in public spaces has strictly restricted. However, South Korean women have more freedom and get more actively engaged in social, cultural, and economic activities. Based on structural theory of Rene Bourdieu, this study mainly will argue that the social affinity and affiliation between Korean women and church community had brought about some new opportunities as well as some effects on making of more and more modern life of Korean women. On one hand, the development of Christianity in South Korea in the 1960s-1980s had pushed the diffusion of norms and ideas, shaping and changing Korean women’s life-style. On another hand, the increasingly modern life-style of Korean women influenced Christian rituals and other relevant Christian practices, such as the involvement in Christian charity-related activities and other social activities that were organized by Christian women organizations. This study particularly will indicate that, for Korean women in the 1960s-1980s, Christianity doesn’t only serve as a religious system of creed, but also as a religious doctrine that is ceaselessly empowered through routine meetings conducted Christian women communities. Through these social communities, Korean women become motivated to get more actively engaged in their broader communities and thereby improve themselves.
Transnational Consumption of K-Pop in Indonesia: Islamizing Korean Bodies in Wardah Advertisement and Hijab Traveler: Love Sparks in Korea Film Amalia N. Andini, Ghaziah Nurika Akhni
Academic investigations on transnational consumption of Korean popular culture in Indonesia have addressed fans’ modes of reception, historical developments, and glocalized cultural products born out of the interaction between imported cultural products and local cultural settings. However, the way in which K-pop is consumed by local actors in regard to the increasing Islamic influences or Islamization in the country for the past couple of years is relatively underexplored. This research attempts to look at how Korean bodies are appropriated in Indonesian popular media by analyzing Wardah cosmetic advertisements featuring Korean Muslim model Ayana Moon Jihye, and the highly rated Hijab Traveler: Love Sparks in Korea Film featuring a supposedly Muslim Korean male protagonist played by Morgan Oey. This paper uses textual analysis to examine the visual elements of the texts as a part of larger sociocultural settings in the contexts of Korean popular culture consumption and the Islamization and/or Islamic pop culture narratives in Indonesia. Data is
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 71
analyzed under the framework of global cultural flow by Appadurai, particularly related to the notion of disjuncture, as well as the concept of cultural hybridization of transnational cultural products proposed by Ritzer. Moreover, by focusing on these two case studies, we argue that such local appropriation of Korean images in Indonesian popular media (part of the Islamic pop culture) has disseminated the new images of femininities and masculinities which are cosmopolitan yet in accordance with perceived Islamic religious values and practices. By presenting Islam in gendered Korean bodies, it negotiates the ideological disjuncture and at the same time develops the ‘halalized’ version of K-pop which is consumed among Indonesian pious Muslim women (and possibly men). Findings will contribute to enriching studies of Korean popular culture consumed and (re)produced in Indonesia and reveal the complexity of global-local cultural dynamics in the increasingly connected world. Additionally, this research will enhance discussions on ‘pop Islam’ (Heryanto, 2011) and its interaction with popular culture images originating from non- Western, semi-peripheral country such as South Korea.
Village and City Relations in Misteri Lembah Hantu by Abdullah Harahap Fitria Sis Nariswari, M. Yoesoef
The strongest emotion within human nature is fear, meanwhile, the strongest type of fear is the fear over the unknown. Freud developed a concept called das Unheimliche that is related to stories which can trigger fear and terror. The horror stories permeated in Indonesia during the period of 1970-1990s were considered as the third-rate literature, even though it had a considerable amount of readers who were fans of these stories. During the period, several horror writers were coming into the spotlight. However, Abdullah Harahap, who were prominent among readers during 1970-1990s, turns to be a less- known writer when it comes to academic research. During the period, several horror writers were coming into the spotlight, such as Tara Zagita, Teguh S., Abdullah Harahap, or S.B. Chandra. Yet, only Abdullah Harahap who could set the record as the most productive horror writer compared to the others. This research examines Misteri Lembah Hantu (1991), a novel written by an Indonesian writer Abdullah Harahap, using articulation concept by Stuart Hall. This research aims to reveal how the ideology of a literary work can impact the broader context of society. During this time, the discussion of Abdullah Harahap's work revolved around a mystery or erotic stories. However, in the work, it can be seen that the articulation of the city and village can be interpreted as a contestation space to maintain something. The space in Abdullah Harahap's works is unique because he does not only function as a builder of tense atmosphere, but also it builds the relationship of horror with social situations played. Setting the place becomes an important thing because all the gripping things are also related to space. The city is a marker of the relationship between moral degradation and capital accumulation through
72 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
various unnatural professions. The village then became a threatened place, not only by modernity, but also by feudalism and colonialism. Abdullah Harahap's works present a subversive space with full of ambivalence and ambiguity. In addition, the works published in the 1970s-1980s also provided suspicion about the role of the community at that time. The dichotomy of villages and cities, then the emergence of ghosts that are only in the village and most of the ghosts come from the city, can be said as a simple depiction of the desire to dominate something more powerless.
SUBTHEME: CRITICAL (CULTURAL) PERSPECTIVE ON RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN INDONESIA
Adiparwa Manuscript: Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism on Hyang Agni Symbolism Sri Diaskandhi, Turita Indah Setyani
Adiparwa manuscript is an Old Javanese prose which contains Hinduistic religious values. With the limitation on the imagination expressed in Old Javanese, the language can be read as a symbol of an abstraction that the meaning can be understood. Adiparwa narrates the story of Hyang Agni or God of Fire worship as a religious activity performed by his followers, Sunda and Upasunda. Hyang Agni, in Hindu teaching, plays an important role in worship ritual as the gods’ representative. On the other hand, Hyang Agni is believed to possess the meaning of fire in relation to his role. Based on that fact, Hyang Agni possessed several meanings corresponds to his appearance or existence. Therefore, this article is aimed at describing the symbolic meaning of Hyang Agni as depicted in Adiparwa. The data used in this article is the translated work of Adiparwa by H. H. Juynboll (1906) in digital form. This qualitative study is conducted by literature review and combining the theory on heuristic and hermeneutic in analyzing the text in order to grasp the meaning of Hyang Agni in Adiparwa. The interpretation is supported by psychology theory by Sigmund Freud on personality structure. Psychoanalytic helps to analyze id, ego, and superego of the characters, namely Sunda, Upasunda, and Tilottama. Analysis on personality will discover the characters’ state of mind as the representation of desire raised out from their lust. Research results showed that id, ego, and superego of Sunda and Upasunda are affected by their unconsciousness. It is in contrast with the objective of meditation (tapa), that is supposed to attain awareness or consciousness. Meanwhile, Sunda and Upasunda performed tapa to dominate the three worlds and interpreted as the symbol of lust. Therefore, the worshipped Hyang Agni represents the negative meaning of fire. On the other hand, Hyang Agni also represents the positive attribute of fire based on the consciousness possessed by Tilottama which interpreted as the symbol of
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 73
self-control. This article concludes that the two symbols, lust and self-control, exist in each human being. Lust as the representation of fire would likely to bring suffering, so awareness is essential to avoid it from dominating the human self. Awareness will freed human being from shackling lusts. Therefore, awareness can help human being to maintain good and proper conducts. Mind exercise is needed to maintain the awareness, such as by performing tapa.
A Satire of Islamic Populism in Jason Ranti’s Song, Bahaya Komunis (2016) Fauzan Rodi, Christina T. Suprihatin
As a part of popular culture with significant number of involved people, music becomes an important object of research when its surrounding social context, existing issues, and history of emergence are taken into account. Similar to other forms of literature, a music’s lyrics is able to become a tool of reflexivity or even criticism for occurring social conditions. An example would be the lyrics of Jason Ranti’s song, Bahaya Komunis (2016), which can be translated as “The Dangers of Communism”. The lyrics of the song brings forward the theme of interrelation between ethnic sentiments against the Chinese and issues of communist revival, an issue which also appears in the wake of Islamic populism in Indonesia, particularly in the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election and the emergence of a series of “Defend Islam” movements (Aksi Bela Islam). In the lyric, the “I” (aku) is implied to be a part of Islamic groups with all the absurd and ridiculous anxiety over the revival of communist ideologies. Such anxiety makes the “I” character feel as if he is constantly under the shadow of communist symbols which suddenly appear in all aspects of his life. In this case, symbols of communism in the song are depicted through dictions which carry meaning easily associated with not only communism (for example: merah/red, kiri/left, marxis/Marxist, palu arit/hammer and sickle), but also ethnic Chinese groups (such as yi er san se, cap-cay, and Chinese food). This writing describes the results of research on Jason Ranti’s song, which can be understood as a satire of the issue of communist revival and how the issue is utilized by Islamic groups as a political weapon to attack the Chinese as a minority group. The research is equipped with a literature review and applies the technique of close reading in analysing dictions of the song lyric. Additionally, the research’s textual analysis is based on Hadiz’s (2019) concept of Islamic populism, which is used to understand how the history of social conflicts of Islamic politics is displayed. Aside from this, concepts of satire as proposed by Simpson (2013) and Leboeuf (2007) are adopted to analyze how such satire language style is used as a critique of Islamic populism movements in Indonesia. This article aims to reveal criticism for the constructed relation between Chinese groups and the issued jargon of communist revival as appears in the wake of Islamic populism in Indonesia. As Islamic populism itself has various forms according to its respective context and history of emergence,
74 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Islamic populism in Indonesia cannot be detached from the history of socio- political intersection between Islamic groups, Chinese ethnic groups, and the Communist Party of Indonesia in not only the colonial period, but also the New Order period, which inherited exclusivism based on religion, ethnic sentiment, and political ideologies.
Buhun People of Kranggan, Jatisampurna, Bekasi: Hiding in Plain Sight 1965-2010 Dian Yasmina Fajri, Susanto Zuhdi
This article studies the struggle of Buhun People who lives in Kranggan, Jatisampurna, Bekasi to preserve their identity and existence in the middle of intense contacts with modernity in the period between 1965 and 2010. Buhun is one of many Indonesian ancestral beliefs, which relies heavily on faith and bond upon “the Great Ancestor”, and has been growing within the district ever since. It is considered as a fusion between animism and monotheism, but also regarded as a combination of practices between magical abilities and sacred rituals that has been passed down through generations. Actually, there are two “variants” of this community; Buhun and Perjalanan that has been leading a similar, but contrary lifestyle at the same time. Today, there has been not much challenge posed toward the existing tradition, rites, and social structure they have been practicing under the leadership of Olot, the supreme leader of the community, along with his fifty-two counsellors. However, there were once a strain between Buhun People and the other religiously settled communities in the 1960s, as they began to see Buhun as a misappropriation toward any formal religion, which was the assigned religion on their IDs since they had no other choices but to pledge onto one out of six available religions according to Indonesian law of citizenship. This research aims to analyze the struggling process of Buhun People in conserving their existence and beliefs, as well as the interconnectivity and roles between Buhun and Perjalanan, throughout the determined temporal scope. This research also focuses on seeing how Buhun People were able to cope with political pressure by participating both in the parliament and regional council, and to gain from economical tension by building cooperation and partnership in the means of networking to the outside world, and to conform with cultural shifts by adapting fluidly to current advancement, by studying a vast array of variables and factors that indicates their chance of continuity. By other means, it was a place where modernity meets antiquity. Hence, by utilizing the method of history and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capital, this article expect to give a comprehensive interpretation of resources, such as colonial archives, local material culture embodied in the rites and rituals, and oral sources, which lives in the memory of its believers, to eventually reconstruct how certain capitals could develop such sustainability and longevity to the community.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 75
Coherence and Description of Muslim Society and Ahok in German Online News Media: Spiegel Online and Bild.de in 2016-2017 Firdha Syafana, Sonya Puspasari Suganda
Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (known by his Hakka Chinese nickname Ahok) is an Indonesian politician and former governor of Jakarta. Ahok had declared to run for the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election as an independent candidate. A candidate and a member of a minority ethnic group, Ahok has become the subject of occasional racist comments. During the 2017 gubernatorial campaign, he was regularly targeted by supporters of rival candidates for being of Chinese descent. Furthermore, being both a Christian and of Chinese descent, makes him a target of the hardliner Muslim society in Indonesia. This article analyses the coherence of text and the description of Muslim society and Ahok in German online news media, namely Bild.de and Spiegel Online in 2016- 2017. This news is regarding Ahok's blasphemy accusation which triggered a peaceful action on 2 December 2016, better known as “Aksi 212”. This action involved hundreds of thousands of Muslims demanding Ahok who was a Christian blasphemy on a against Islam. The purpose of this article is to describe grammatical coherence in news texts in Spiegel Online and Bild.de that refer to Muslim society and Ahok in sentences containing descriptions of Muslim society and Ahok. Besides, the purpose of this study is to explain and to compare descriptions of Muslim society and Ahok in these two German online media based on its vocabularies that are used in the sentences. I am interested in analyzing news articles published in Spiegel Online and Bild.de through coherence because coherence is a very important feature for understanding texts. In addition to coherence, the vocabulary in news articles is also important in understanding an occurrence that is published in mass media because vocabulary has an influence on how news article readers understand and interpret events. The method used in this study is qualitative method, namely descriptive-analytical. As the basic theories, I use the theory of text coherence from Klaus Brinker and the theory of meaning from Gustav Blanke. The results of this article generally shows that coherence in both news texts that refer to Muslim society and Ahok uses re-referral both explicitly and implicitly. Re-referral is used to link information, so that the text becomes clear and easy to understand for the reader. In addition, the tendency shown by the Bild.de news text in describing Ahok by using vocabulary that has a more neutral affective meaning compared to the description of Muslim society, whereas in Spiegel Online, Ahok and the Muslim society description tends to be more positive compared to Bild.de.
76 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Contesting Forces or Coexistence in Puncak Songolikur: Tourism, Religion and/or Spirituality (Budo Tengger Beliefs, Hinduism and Islam) Nabilla Nailur Rohmah, Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
The community in Tengger believes that the areas surrounding Mount Bromo are sacred (tanah hila-hila) and as the center of their spirituality. Mount Bromo is considered as a place where the gods, ancestors and spirits of Tengger people reside meeting the greatest power known as Hong Pikulun (the greatest force that created the universe and has the power to decide on the faith of human being). Puncak Songolikur, one of Bromo’s peaks, has been used by the community from several villages (Argosari in the Lumajang region; Ledokombo, Wonokerso, Sumberanom, and Pandansari in the Probolinggo region) as the centre of traditional and spiritual rituals because it is where the ancestral Punden (terrace) is located. However, since 2013, Puncak Songolikur has been transformed into a touristic area, which has been marketed as “Puncak B29”. Utilizing ethnographic research methods (interviews and participant observation) and also by analyzing secondary sources, this article aims to problematize the narratives of Puncak Songolikur as a spiritual space from three religions and/or beliefs: Budo Tengger (some scholars use the term Siwa-Budha and/or Syiwa-Sugata), Hinduism and Islam. Since the New Order Era as the government enforced “official” religions, namely Hindu and Islam, the community is dynamically constructing new meaning of rituals, ancestors and spiritual apprehension of Puncak Songolikur. Research findings show that community some members who adhere to Hinduism reimagine and redefine the notion of ancestral rituals in Puncak Songolikur because they believe that their ancestors have been reincarnated. However, we also found that these community members are practicing their prayers both in punden leluhur and in pura (Hindu temple). On the other hand, due to the different stages of Islamization, the Islamic “renewal” (2000-2004) in which Muslim figures came to the community and built Islamic boarding schools has changed the way Muslim community members perceive the ritual and spiritual spaces. There is a process of “othering” in which the rituals are considered belonging to Hinduism and not Islam. In relation to tourism, the sacredness of the ritual spaces have been challenged by the fact that several areas of Puncak Songolikur has been transformed into tourist areas. However, community members are actively creating boundaries to ensure the separation between touristic and ritual spaces. We argue that this separation has been done by constructing physical borders (for example by building a non trespassing areas) or by creating urban legends or myths to scare off tourists. This research contributes to the ongoing scholarly discussion on the complexity of traditional and ritual spaces that have experienced transformation, which mainly come from outside forces (i.e. tourism, “official” religions since the New Order Era and Islamic “renewal” with the establishment of boarding schools by outsiders).
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 77
Islamization and Identity Construction of Orang Sasak: An Analysis of Two Historical Sites of Gajah Mada in Lombok Farida Jaeka, Melani Budianta
Gajah Mada was a powerful military leader of the Javanese empire Majapahit. He is particularly famous for his oath to unify Nusantara (the Indonesian archipelago). This oath is known as Sumpah Palapa. Gajah Mada died in obscurity in 1364, but he is admirable for his concept of unified Indonesia. The admiration towards Gajah Mada and the unknown cause of his death lead to inconclusive theories about his final resting place in several places in Indonesia. There are two sites in Lombok that are considered as the burial place of Gajah Mada. The sites are located in Selaparang and Sembalun, both in East Lombok, which is predominantly populated by people of the Sasak ethnic group. In accordance with the strong Islamic culture of the Sasak people, the regional government promotes the proclaimed burial places of Gajah Mada as the sites for religious tourism. By conducting ethnographic research this article aims to investigate how the meaning-making of Gajah Mada’s burial places is used as a strategy to construct the identity of Sasak people. The finding shows that the regional government implements the Islamization towards the figure of Gajah Mada, both in Selaparang and Sembalun. However, the elderly of Sembalun village contest the narrative of Islam imposed by the government. The elderly of Sembalun village are the followers of Islam Wetu Telu, a syncretism of Islam and Hinduism, whereas the government builds the Muslim narrative according to Islam Waktu Lima. Nevertheless, Islam Waktu Lima has become the dominant narrative and thus marginalizes the rituals and worship practices conducted by the Hindus and the followers of Wetu Telu, particularly in Sembalun. The government implements the Muslim narrative to support a tourism program called Pariwisata Halal.
Islam Nusantara and Global World Challenge Naupal
There are differences between Islam in Indonesia and in Saudi Arabia nowadays. There are some uniquenesses of Islam in Indonesia like Abangan Islam or Islam Kejawen that are still affected by pre-Islamic Javanese Tradition; and there is Islam Santri which practices Islam substantially but still honors the local wisdom if this local wisdom is not contradict to Islamic teachings. Recently, this Islam Santri is well-known as Islam Nusantara. Those two Islamic thoughts (Abangan Islam and Islam Santri) live peacefully with the local wisdom although both have different caharacteristics. Recently, Islam Nusantara must face difficult challenge from some fundamentalists. In the middle of globalization and the development of information technology, fundamentalists Islam penetrate Indonesia massively followed by
78 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
transnational political issues, though historically fundamentalists Islam already existed in Indonesia for a long time such as the sympathyzers of DII/TII and NII. The existence of fundamentalists Islam in Indonesia nowadays is inseparable from globalpolitan which exploits the momentum of global world. This sect of Islam is not only describing the phenomenon of movements in understanding religion literally, but also related to political issues such as caliphate idea and the formation of exclusive identity in the middle of plural Indonesia society. In the middle of global world where the functions and meanings are united by communication network, so the logical consequence is there will be some exclusive groups that join global fundamentalist groups because they have common ideology to create system based on identity in this contemporary “homeless identity” era. By using Paul Ricoeur’s critical method, this research shows the misdirection, ideological distortion and the false meaning of life which constructed by contemporary fundamentalist Islam. This research also invites Indonesia society to reconstruct Islam Nusantara’s teachings which is historically and anthropologically corresponds to the Indonesian culture of friendly, tolerance and adaptability to the times.
Limit Theory as Neo-Literalism and Its Role in Challenging Islamic Literalism and Liberalism Naufal Syahrin Wibowo, Naupal
After the event of taḥkim, Islam was divided into three groups: Muawiyah’s, Imam Ali’s and Kharijite’s. Kharijite was then widely known today as a literal, radical, fundamental, extremist and textualist because of its attitude in interpreting and practicing Al-Quran and As-Sunna literally. Kharijite is currently considered extinct, but their attitude is still felt and can be found from the many acts of terror by several Muslim groups which later became global terrorism networks such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS. Islamic literalism is also not only associated with Kharijite, but also associated with other interpretations that tend to take for granted what is stated in Al-Quran and As-Sunna because they are considered final. Because of this, Islam then gets many challenges such as being considered as a closed religion and does not want to see the recent developments, especially in terms of social and humanities. For example, when dealing with women's issues such as inheritance, women’s leadership and so on. Islam is still considered to put women as inferior beings to men, such as receiving half the inheritance of men, wives must totally obey their husbands and so on. From these kinds of things then many outside parties questioned the universality of Islam, even the universality of Al-Quran itself which claimed to be a guidance for humanity form God itself. Therefore, many later contemporary Islamic scholars tried to answer what was accused by outsiders. Some Islamic scholars answer to the accusation but can also be considered to fall into other extremism which is often associated with liberalism. Muhammad Shahrour with the idea of the Limit Theory tried to
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 79
strengthen between those who were literalism and those who were liberalism. This theory assumes that what is stated in the Al-Quran is only a limit from God, whether it is the upper limit or the lower limit. This means that provisions other than those listed literally in Al-Quran can be done if they do not violate these limits. This article uses descriptive-analytical method that are describing and analyzing the development and the role of literalism and liberalism in Islam. This article shows that Limit Theory formulated by Shahrour can be considered as neo-literalism, which is to put literal meaning as the upper limit or lower limit not as a final meaning.
Maintaining the Value of Human Diversity through Implementing Tariqah Alawiyah Ali Ridho
This study discusses Tariqah Alawiyah conducted by qualitative methods, surveys, observation, and participation. The Ba 'Alawi sadah or Sadah Ba 'Alawi romanized: al-sādatu al-bā'alawiy) are a group of , ةدﺎﺴﻟا لآ يﻮﻠﻋﺎﺑ :Arabic) Hadhrami Sayyid families and social group originating in Hadhramaut in the southwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula. Meanwhile, Alawiyyin (Arabic: al-`alawiyyin) Sayyid term is used to describe descendants of Ali bin Abi ;اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾّﻦ Thalib from Husain ibn Ali (Sayyids) and Hasan ibn Ali (Sharifs). All people of Ba 'Alawi are Alawiyyin Sayyids through Husain ibn Ali, but not all people of Alawiyyin family are of Ba 'Alawi.The sources of data take from books and interviews are related to the history of Ba'alawi, the Alawiyah tarekat teachings, the development of the Alawiyah, Ratib and the Alawiyah tarekat orders in the Hadhramaut region and Indonesia. This study discusses The Concept of Islamic Management in Alawiyin Non-Profit Organizations (NGOs) in Maintaining Diversity Values ‚Äã‚Äãin Indonesia which is conducted by qualitative methods, surveys, observation, and participation. Briefly, Rabithah Alawiyah is an Islamic organization engaged in social and socio-religious fields. In general, it belongs to Arab descendants who have direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. Rabithah Alawiyah business which managed to maintain and preserve the ancestry chain for the prophet Muhammad SAW.The results of this study aim to provide knowledge of history, teachings, wirid and dzikir, and the development of the Alawiyah Order in Hadhramaut and in Indonesia which promotes morals and can be the axis of humanity in religion.
80 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Meaning and Function of the Emergence of Arabic Language on Japa-Mantra in Banyakan Village, Kediri, East Java Hawa Intan Malayyana Sari, Widhyasmaramurti
Japa-mantra is an oral tradition passed down from generation to generation which is intended for healing and is often associated with mystical things in Javanese culture. The data used in this research are written data from Primbon and oral data, namely japa-mantra healing of diseases used by dhukun pijet (traditional healer) in the Banyakan Village, Kediri, East Java. Javanese people’s belief towards japa-mantra in this modern era raises new problems, such as how the meaning of japa-mantra is understood by dhukun pijet and what is the function of japa-mantra for the Javanese society. The purpose of this research is to explain the meaning and the function of japa-mantra among the Javanese society, the people in the village of Banyakan, Kediri. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with code switching theory according to Suwito (1983) to obtain the significance of the data consisting of Javanese and Arabic bilingual. The function of japa-mantra is analyzed by using Gobard's (1976) theory of language functions. The result shows that dhukun pijet in the Banyakan village still use and believe in japa-mantra verbally that they get from generation to generation instead of the japa-mantra in a written form. Nowadays, there are three kinds of bilingual japa-mantra (Javanese and Arabic) that are used among the society, and have the meaning of prayer to heal disease to be used in Banyakan Village. The emergence of Arabic in japa- mantra is the result of code switching because of a language dependence. Arabic is believed by a dhukun pijet will make the prayer more effective and has a healing effect.
Media Studies on 212 The Power of Love: Ideology, Power, and Society Areispine Dymussaga S. Miraviori, Hendra Kaprisma
Sven Windahl and Denis McQuail’s communication model (1982) classifies knowledge spectrum, dependance, outlook, perception, social reality, setting agenda, and political effect that should be observed on the corpus. Textual and contextual analysis of the production and consumption shows that there is an ideological correlation between both aspects. Using these perspectives, this paper will discuss a movie titled 212 The Power of Love (2018). Inspired by the 212 rally “Aksi Bela Islam” (Action in Defense of Islam) in 2 December 2017, this movie focuses on the main antagonist, Rahmat (Fauzi Baadila), an agnostic young journalist working at a local magazine. Being the best graduate of University of Harvard, the cold and idealist Rahmat holds his faith on the Karl Marx quote: “religion is the opium of the people”. This characterization, among other aspects, is one of the topics that will be explored in this paper. Furthermore, we find that the film portrays the 212 rally, proclaimed as the largest Islamic movement in Indonesia after the case of Ahok's religious
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 81
blasphemy, not as the main focus but as a background issue. The movie director, Jastis Arimba, puts the primary conflict instead on the relationship between Rahmat and his devoted Muslim father. These curiosities, among few, are what prompted us to understand how this movie portrays its problems in relation to Islamic values only made more important in light of the recent Islamic movements. Using qualitative methods, this paper will examine the characterization of the characters and mise en scène to understand the ways ideology and power are represented in the movie. This paper seeks to determine what 212 The Power of Love tries to represent by the notion of Islam and the relationship between Rachmat and the other characters, as well as to explain the effect on the audience of the movie and society.
On Being and Becoming the “Ideal” Muslim Women: Girlhood Narratives of Young Indonesian Muslims in Pesantren Sovia Nur Khalida, Herlin Putri Destari
This is an article about young Indonesian Muslim girls living in a traditional Islamic boarding school locally known as Pondok Pesantren Kebon Jambu Al Islamy, Cirebon. It examines nine young muslim girls’ narratives and those of the pesantren leader in relation to their understanding of girlhood. Led by a female sheikh, the pesantren perceives a different concept of being and becoming an ’ideal’ Muslim woman. This article addresses some research questions, such as “What are young girls’ narratives being and becoming Muslim women in pesantren?”, “Are there any issues requiring them to negotiate their ways of being and becoming Muslim women?”, and “How do they negotiate this?” This article seeks to answer these questions through a case study approach, in that it focused specifically on the experiences of adolescent girls in the bounded context of a school environment. The data has been collected through observation notes, interviews, and reflective journals kept by the researcher. By using the concepts of narrative identity from McAdams and McLean, the findings suggest that girlhood narratives in pesantren differ on each individual student despite the fact that they are in the same educational institution. Their experiences are unique and are profoundly affected by their social, cultural, and religious backgrounds. In this sense, girlhood in pesantren seems to be a notably differing experience on individuals, but in a bigger picture there is the same recurring pattern. The findings also indicate that the narratives of girlhood in pesantren are drawn heavily on the many prevailing narratives they encounter in life. In this process, pious critical agency offered by the pesantren and actively promoted by its leader seems to play a crucial role in re-constructing the students’ understanding of what it means by being and becoming an ‘ideal’ Muslim woman. Findings of this article intertwine adolescence, gender, and religious studies. They provides insights into the ways in which Indonesian Muslim girls construct their sense of identity within the traditional Islamic boarding schools. These findings will also enrich
82 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
literature on girlhood studies by taking into account the experience of young girls from the underprivileged, rural, and religious communities.
Reading Universal Declaration of Human Rights through Jasser Auda's Maqasid al-Shariah Fikria Yousanda Susantio, Naupal
The notion of human rights is often opposed to Islam. The reasons are: 1) human rights orientation, 2) human rights are Western products so they are not compatible with Islam. This comparison comes to the point of understanding that human rights contradict Islam. The impact, not only because human rights violations can be justified through theocentric arguments in Islam, is more important, we fail to see the substance of human rights, both in the context of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Islam. In the Islamic world itself, there are 3 groups in human rights discourse, namely: 1) fundamentalist idealist Islam 2) liberal secular Islam, 3) moderate Islamic dialogue. The first group tried to “equate” Islamic sharia with the Universal Declaration by deconstructing Islamic sharia. While the second group tried to “Islamize” the Universal Declaration, by deconstructing the Universal Declaration. Both in the authors view are problematic because they try to eliminate the characteristics of each of the two concepts that are compared. That means, there will be an assumption appears that one is better than the other, and that one must be removed so that the other can stand. The author state that although they have differences, contradiction is not something that must eliminate each other’s characteristics. The author state that although they have differences, they are not contradictions, so they must eliminate each other’s characteristics. That is to say, Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an open-ended, readable or interpreted platform for all, including Islam. But of course without removing the essence of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights itself, and shariah Islam itself, to uphold human rights for everyone on earth. By using the conceptual distinction and refutation method of through the Maqashid al-Shariah Jasser Auda approach, the authors show that both can dialogue with each other, without removing their distinctive characteristics from each other.
Religion, Moral Value and Identity: Studies on Religious Practices in Indonesia Siti Azri Ulmi Ramadhanty, Naupal
Religion existed before morality but there is an assumption that religion and morality are the same and related to each other. Religion is assumed spreading
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 83
moral teachings to its adherents and giving them the meaning of life. Indonesia as a country which based on the belief of God, 98 percent its morality comes from religious teachings but ironically, Ministry of Religion of Republic of Indonesia (Kemenag/Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia) has the highest corruption rate chances with Corruption Perception Index 5.37. The fact above indicates that there are no any relations between religion and morality in life. Besides morality, religion is believed giving its adherents an identity. Even the religious phenomenon in Indonesia never absence in showing religious identity but lack in showing its moral teachings. By this, religion is presented only as a self-defense mechanism from another religion that have different belief. Lately, this trend is strong enough where religious texts is interpreted manipulatively for the sakes of political elites. By prioritizing the religious identity in the middle of plural society in Indonesia will only make its moral teachings been alienated or even vanished. The religious identity in public sphere will only make people scares to any other religions especially the minorities (it will only make the majorities suspicious of the minorities) and it is dangerous to religious harmony. Those factors cause the primary function of religion reducible and limited to rituals. By using explanative alternative and critical reflection methods, this research invites religious community in Indonesia to show more religious moral teachings rather than to prioritize religious identity; because its moral teachings is a universal teaching from any religions. This research explains that morality needs religion so that the goal of moral life is reachable through motivations and a final goal that has been given by religion as the owner of foundation and justification.
Representation and Meaning of Rajasuya Ceremony in Javanese Context Dhianita Kusuma Pertiwi, Turita Indah Setyani, Suma Riella Rusdiarti
Rajasuya is a king consecration ceremony performed during Vedic era of Ancient India. It is prescribed in several Indian texts such as Apastamba Srauta Sutra and Mahabharata as a ritual to establish king’s sovereignty. In Mahabharata, the story of rajasuya is narrated in the second book, Sabha- parva. Regardless of the fact that rajasuya had never been performed by Javanese kings, the narration of the ceremony in Sabha-parva is adapted into a wayang act entitled Sesaji Raja Suya (SRS). Compared to the other Mahabharata-based wayang acts, SRS is considered “popular” as it is still frequently performed in the last ten years in several regions in Indonesia. The literary adaptation and popularity of the wayang act bear an assumption that rajasuya ceremony constitutes specific meaning in the Javanese culture. Notably, the Javanese culture is well-known for its richness in traditional rituals and ceremonies. This article aims at examining the meaning of rajasuya in Javanese context by analyzing its representation in SRS wayang act by Purbo Asmoro. Textual analysis is conducted by implementing Paul Ricœur’s theory on hermeneutics to answer the following questions: how is rajasuya, the
84 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Ancient India consecration ceremony, described in SRS wayang act as a form of Javanese literature? and how SRS wayang act produces the meaning of rajasuya in the realm of Javanese culture? Analysis results showed that SRS narrates rajasuya as a ceremony held by Pandawa to consecrate Yudhistira as the supreme king following his attempts to vanquish the evil king, Jarasandha, who planned to perform human sacrifice for Ludra. Yudhistira is honored as the supreme king as he had successfully maintained the world’s harmony, or in Javanese term known as memayu hayuning bawana. The ability to attain and maintain harmony is considered one of the main characteristics of an ideal human being in the Javanese philosophy. This article concludes that rajasuya ceremony constitutes specific meaning in Javanese context, that is a tribute for the attainment of self-perfection by successfully maintaining the harmony in the relationship of a human being with the universe.
Reputation at Stake: The Cases of Mosque Fund Misuse in Java, 1890-1940 Endi Aulia Garadian, Susanto Zuhdi
In 1890, Regent of Tuban was threatened by the Governor General to hand over his post after spending the mosque fund (Dutch: moskeekas) for his personal gain. In Rembang, the assistant resident caught both the regent and pangulu red-handed for conspiring in using the funds for inexplicable reason. Through years, this case had become increasingly prevalent in Java, and the perpetrators were government’s officials, such as regents, vice regents (patih), and pangulu, who were authorized to administer the fund. In fact, Resident of Surabaya suggested the regent to send the entire mosque fund to the Missionary Hospital in Mojowarno. To avoid misuse (Dutch: malversatie) and corruption to spread even more contagiously among government’s officials, the Dutch East Indies administration decided to issue several circulars from 1890 to 1931, with strictly limiting fund usage only for mosque maintenance. However, the misuse of mosque fund was still on practice until 1940. This article delves the modes of such misuse in Java that had been carried out by government’s officials during the colonial administration. It aims to explore the overlapping authorities between locals and colonial in regulating mosque fund as one of the aspects of religious life, and sees how bureaucracy and cultural environment could encourage authorities to risk their reputation by conducting deviant behaviors. Civil organizations, for example Sarekat Islam, even highlighted and criticized the issue during its first congress, and in the same time some officials was imprisoned for their act of mischiefs. However, the mosque fund in the late nineteenth century Java were collected from zakat and fitrah allowances, and a portion of wages earned by pangulu for administering occurrences of marriage, divorce, reconciliation and inheritance. Data used in this research were obtained from Dutch archives, old newspapers and magazines, as well as scholarly works of Dutch researchers, such as Snouck Hurgronje. This research also aims to show how the urge of adding up
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 85
operational costs and fulfilling lifestyle needs could lead those bureaucrats to had manner of misuses, noticing that these reasoning are quite contrary to the initial purpose of fund itself. Mosque fund, in instance, was used to pay spies’ monthly salaries in Sampang, while it was also used for luxurious funeral services for wife of duke (adipati) and renovation of the assistant resident’s personal office, consecutively, in Nganjuk and Singotrunan.
Social and Cultural Acculturation in Cengbeng Festival : Thio Family Tomb in Depok, West Java Anandra Sania, Hermina Sutami
The ceremony to clean the tomb is one of the post-death rituals that has an important role in Chinese society. The ceremony of cleaning the tomb in China called, Qing Ming (清明节; Qīngmíng jié) in Hokkien is known as Cengbeng. The Chinese family with the surname Thio is a family that lives in the Depok area, precisely in Pembauran Village, Limo, Cinere. The Thio family is one of the Chinese descendants of Confucians who still continues to celebrate Cengbeng every year. This Thio family is a resident who lives with other indigenous people in a village called the Mixed Village. The tomb of the Thio family is also located in the Pembauran Village area. Cengbeng mixing and celebrations was also carried out in the tomb of the Thio family in the Pembauran Village. The purpose of this study was to describe the celebration of Cengbeng carried out by the Thio family and describe the social and cultural acculturation that occurred during the implementation of Cengbeng at the Thio family tomb. Apart from that, this study explained that Chinese traditional culture still stands out even though there has been an acculturation of social and culture with local indigenous people. The method used is a field research method with the method of interviewing the Thio family and indigenous people in the Pembauran Village. The results of this study indicate the existence of social and cultural acculturation between the Chinese community and indigenous communities in the area during the Cengbeng celebration. Acculturation that took place made the celebration of Cengbeng in ancestral worship rituals that were always carried out by Chinese people who were Confucian in the process of implementing several changes due to culturally acculturated and social acculturation by local indigenous people. The form of cultural acculturation that occurs focuses on the prayer ceremonies in the form of offerings for ancestors and shows their form of respect and devotion to parents and ancestors who are gone. Social acculturation that occurs is the existence of social relations with the community around the tomb which also supervises and helps to arrive at the peak of the Cengbeng celebration. This shows the existence of harmony and tolerance in society which is emphasized by the residents of the Pembauran Village in Limo, Depok where the tomb of the Thio family is located. This social and cultural acculturation occurred because of the continuous and long-lasting interaction between the Thio family who were of
86 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Chinese descent and the people who lived around the tomb. Acculturation that occurs can also be considered as a meeting point between two cultures that are far different. In previous studies there were not many who researched the celebration of Cengbeng. Research that has been done by other researchers only presents the Cengbeng ceremony procedure. The novelty in this research is to explain about the celebration of Cengbeng in the Thio family, also explain the existence of social and cultural acculturation that took place during this celebration of Cengbeng.
“Thaipusam”: An identity and Strategy in Maintaining Self-existence Among Tamils in Banda Aceh Thaharatul Huda, Lilawati Kurnia
Thaipusam is a religious celebration of Tamil Hindus that held to commemorate the birth of Lord Muruga. The purpose of this celebration was to show their gratitude towards Lord Muruga who was considered to be very meritorious in the lives of Hindus. The celebration of Thaipusam has become a hereditary tradition for Hindus in Banda Aceh, and is increasingly popular every year. In 2012, Thaipusam in Banda Aceh suddenly transformed from a private celebration into a big festival for Hindus. Although there were only a few members left, Thaipusam is now becoming very popular celebration among the surrounding community as well as a Hindu identity in Aceh because this celebration is the only tradition celebrated by them. Uniquely, the current Thaipusam celebration in Banda Aceh does not only involve the Hindu community in Aceh but also Hindus from North Sumatra and Chinese community who live nearby. Nowadays, Thaipusam celebrations are increasingly recognized by many people because it is considered as one of the symbols of religious tolerance in Aceh, yet if this phenomenon is examined more deeply, Thaipusam has a deeper meaning for the Hindu community in Aceh. This could lead to further questions regarding why Thaipusam actually began to festive and be held in public places when the number of their members are very minority? This study aims to examine the social life of the Hindu Tamil community in Banda Aceh as a minority group that seeks to maintain their traditions and existence in Banda Aceh. The researcher will review the matter through the meaning of Hindus towards Thaipusam and its transformation. In obtaining data, this study used ethnographic methods in Keudah region, Banda Aceh. Through direct interviews and observations, research finding shows that the Thaipusam celebration for Hindu Tamils in Banda Aceh is not only to maintain the traditions of their ancestors, but also had a much deeper meaning. Thaipusam is now an attempt or strategy to maintain their presence in Banda Aceh.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 87
The Concept of Sapa Nandur Bakal Ngundhuh in Serat Cariyos Dewi Sri Bunga Lestari Aji, Turita Indah Setyani
Sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh is a traditional saying (unen-unen) taken as a cultural knowledge by groups of people, especially the Javanese. Sapa nandur bakal ngunduh meaning in Javanese is sapa or who, nandur or sow, bakal or will, and ngundhuh or reap (Poerwadarminta, 1939: 26, 337, 417, 545). Based on that literal meaning, unen-unen sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh can be understood as human being will “reap” the results of any behavior that he conducted or “sow”. The results is any responses or consequences that he will get later. The unen-unen has similarity with the concept of karma phala in Hinduism teaching. The concept of sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh or karma is depicted in several literary works, including Serat Carios Dewi Sri (SCDS). The focus of this article is the depiction of sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh unen-unen in SCDS through the journey of Goddess Sri and Sedana to Java land. This article aims at discovering the depiction of sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh in SCDS in corresponds with the concept of karmaphala. Karmaphala in Hinduism is written in Sanskrit, karma means conduct and phala means fruit (Macdonell, 1893:64 &190). Based on that meaning, karmaphala can be understood as results of actions (Macdonell, 1893:64). The analysis is conducted by implementing the theory of hermeneutics with qualitative method. This qualitative descriptive research combined cultural approach and Richard Palmer’s theory on hermeneutics to get focused on the studied text. Hermeneutics serve as a means to produce meaning to the story in SCDS that contains the concept of sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh. This article will describe, record, analyze, and interpret the selected story from the text to gain informations related to sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh. Research results showed that SCDS is not only narrating the agricultural techniques, but also the teaching of the concept of sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh from Javanese perspective. This article concludes that the Javanese concept of sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh corresponds with the concept of karma in Hinduism teaching. Sapa nandur bakal ngundhuh as unen-unen implies a relevant lesson for human being to stay aware with their conducts and behaviors. Therefore, this concept should be taught to younger generation in order to raise their awareness and help them becoming a wiser person and attaining self- perfection.
88 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Subtheme: Environmental Sustainability in Indonesian Regional Development
Apocalypse Lakardowo: Ecocritical Analysis in The Film Lakardowo Mencari Keadilan Aulia Maulida, Abdul Basid
The exploitation activities of nature are currently on the verge of fairness. This activity has a big impact on the reciprocal relationship between human and nature in the context of coexistence. In this connection, human and nature benefit one another. Nature provides human and human needs to help preserve nature for optimal growth. However, the exploitation of nature to meet human needs at this time is not balanced with natural preservation. One form of human inability to preserve nature is the increasingly widespread environmental pollution. The film Lakardowo Mencari Keadilan is one of the films that raises environmental pollution issues. This film tells about the Lakardowo community conflict with PT. Putra Restu Ibu Abadi (PT. PRIA) in processing hazardous and toxic substances (B3). PT. PRIA who is supposed to process B3 waste so as not to pollute the environment, that finally becomes an environmental disaster for the Lakardowo community. As a result, the Lakardowo community no longer feels comfortable living with nature. Environmental disasters and the life expectancy of the Lakardowo community becomes the main discussion in this ecocritical research. This research examines the Lakardowo environmental disaster through apocalyptic readings which is complemented by pastoral readings. This research is a qualitative research with content analysis methods and an ecocritical approach. The primary data source is the film Lakardowo Mencari Keadilan which is supported by various secondary data sources of various related references. Data collection techniques used are in the form of interviews, observation and documentation study. Then, they are validated by triangulation techniques. Analysis of this study uses the Creswell spiral analysis method: (a) data management; (b) reading and memoing; (c) classification and interpretation; (d) data visualization. Through the ecocritical approach based on apocalyptic readings, the research find that Lakardowo's environment in the film Lakardowo Mencari Keadilan reflects the impact of B3 waste pollution that's not carry out by the community. Pollution of B3 waste on land, water and air in Lakardowo is clearly record through analysis of the apocalyptic narrative and its element: apocalyptic environment, hero figure and vision, as a disaster for Lakardowo village. Whereas the hopes of the Lakardowo community in response of B3 waste in Lakardowo is convey in aspects of the reading of pastoral narratives and its elements: bucolic, arcadia construction and discourse retreat-return.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 89
Critique of the Approach of Environmental Ethics in Islam through Muhammad Iqbal's Philosophy Aulia Rahman Nugraha, Naupal
The environmental crisis cannot be separated from the scientific worldview that promotes anthropocentrism which regards nature as lifeless and also the view of Semitic theologies of religions that regard humans as the image of God on earth. Although the religionists in Islam try to show a harmonious view with nature through the concept of Sufistic cosmology which shows that Islam contains a holistic worldview, that the material world cannot be separated from the moral and spiritual aspects. Unfortunately, this view of Sufistic cosmology is only on the ontological level which has not touched the ethical-praxis level, so that the life of the Muslim world in its reality does not show that and environmental exploitation still continues. Furthermore, a fiqh/sharia approach to the environment was known with the term fiqh al-bi'ah to overcome environmental problems in the Islamic world. The assumption behind this approach is the notion that environmental crises are caused by ways of life that are not in accordance with sharia, but this view which is driven by Islamic reformers is also not well known among the majority of Muslims, including Indonesia, not even there is a special study of ethical-praxis attitudes towards the environment in sharia law. By using the conceptual distinction and critical reflection, the author tries to see the lack of approaches in Islamic environmental ethics and the problems that bound the thoughts of the Muslims so they do not care about environmental issues. Through Iqbal's philosophy, the author will make critical reflection and ontological evaluation through reorientation in understanding holistic human and natural relations, both ontologically, epistemologically and ethically, whose understanding is not just a concept, but must be carried out in the form of actions through individual ijtihad. Individual ijtihad is needed so that Muslims get out of the shackles of orthodoxy with their inclinations through the concept of tawakal: assume that environmental crises are God's will which humans cannot prevent. This is one of the obstacles in building ecological awareness in Muslim communities. According to Iqbal, nature is dynamic, an unfinished creation, and still developing and thus rejecting the materialistic, mechanistic and fatalistic views of nature. With this philosophical assumption, the role of humans to preserve the unfinished nature is needed. Through individual ijtihad, a holistic understanding of Islamic teachings that are environmentally friendly will be realized by each individual so that each Muslim individual can think critically and act ethically.
90 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Development of the Concept of Environmental Education at the Jakarta Textile Museum Valentina Beatrix Sondag, Wanny Rahardjo Wahyudi
Environmental preservation issues are important because it concerns the sustainability of the environment and the future of humans. Nowadays, environmental issue is a serious problem faced by people around the world including Indonesian. Humans today seem to live only for now and forget the importance of environmental preservation for the survival of the lives of future generations. Human behavior towards the environment is strongly influenced by their cultural perspective on the environment, therefore we need environmental education to change their perspective on the environment. This is becomes the best way to build public awareness of the importance of protecting the environment. Education that is carried out continuously changes human behavior to be more environmentally friendly. One of the responsible institutions for this is the museum. The difference between traditional museums and museums today is the expansion of the museum's role in solving current and future life problems. One of these problems is an environmental problem. To date, in Indonesia, the study on environmental education in museums had never been carried out before. Indeed, museums holds a legacy of knowledge about environmental preservation from the ancestor in the form of their collection. However, these concepts are then marginalized and almost forgotten so that in the end this knowledge is only stored as a memory of the past. This study seeks to examine environmental education at the Jakarta Textile Museum. This museum is a museum that raises environmental issues besides cultural preservation. In addition, textiles have two opposite sides. Textiles in general, presents aesthetic aspects but at the same time, textiles also have a negative impact on the environment. The research method used is a qualitative research method by field observation and interviewing key informants. The results of the study indicated that the Jakarta Textile Museum has the potential to carry out environmental education in the museum.
First Compost, then Post: Using Social Media for Environmental Activism Julia Wulandari, Wina Aprilia Tirtapradja
In recent years, the degradation of the environment evident in climate change, disruption in biodiversity, and global waste management problems, have raised awareness of the importance of environmental sustainability in Indonesia. Besides raising awareness, this problem initiated numerous online movements in social media that aims to tackle environmental issues. In regard to activism and social change, the existence of social media presents a positive outlook as it is believed to allow wide-scale participation and civic engagement (Halpern, Valenzuela, & Katz, 2017; Jenkins, 2009). On the other hand, many digital activism and movements are dismissed as a mere slacktivism due to its low
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 91
effort, low risk, and low impact activities (Lim, 2013). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to critically examine the use of Instagram account @zerowaste.id_official in campaigning zero waste lifestyle. In particular, this study aims to investigate the depth (research question 1 - to what extend does @zerowaste.id_official facilitate participation in online environmental movements?) and the breadth of the movement (research question 2 - to what extent does @zerowaste.id_official allow inclusivity in its online environmental movements?). Critically analyzing the practices inside the online environmental movement will help enhancing other emerging online environmental movements in achieving greater impact. To answer the research questions, qualitative textual analysis was used to examine Instagram posts and activities (instastory, hashtags, comments and tagged pictures) of @zerowaste.id_official. The data was coded to generate common themes to answer each research questions. For the first research question, this study finds that @zerowaste.id_official Instagram account functions as (1) source of information, (2) provider of networks, (3) medium for reflection and meaning- making, (4) medium for collaboration and co-creation, and (5) medium for digital literacy practices. For the second research question, this study suggests that @zerowaste.id_official Instagram account tends to target audience from urban, middle class. This study will finally discuss the implication of the findings to the current online environmental movements on social media.
Indonesian Graphic Center in the Development of Printing in Indonesia 2004-2007 Dayu Sri Herti
The Indonesian Graphic Center, here in after referred to as Pusgrafin, is an institution established by the government on April 24, 1969, with the following vision and mission; (1) Development Mission which is realized in the form of study and development of applied graphic technology to improve the efficiency of the effectiveness and quality of the graphic and publishing industry. (2) The Community Service mission is realized in the form of providing information services and graphic consultancy services to assist the public in gaining knowledge about graphics and publishing in improving the efficiency of the management of the graphic and publishing industry. (3) The Education Mission is realized in the form of organizing Education and training or training to improve the quality of Human Resources in the field of graphics and publishing. The Indonesian Graphic Center, which has been revitalized by the government in October 2008 to become a Creative Media State of Polytechnic, has two major things in it: in animate technology assets such as machinery and HRD assets. This study discusses the development of graphics related to the graphic industry in Indonesia and the Indonesian Graphic Center institutions taken during the period 2004-2007. Identification of the problems that arose in the events of 1989. Where the initial location of Pusgrafin was moved on Jalan Gatot
92 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Subroto, Central Jakarta, moved to Jalan Srengseng Sawah Jagakarsa, South Jakarta, as a result of land swap with PT. Bimantara. This of course has an impact, among others, on the performance and results of the product, as well as on individual issues such as the distance from the house to the location where the location is changed or the policies that emerge. This research also discusses the importance of the Indonesian Graphic Center in the advancement of graphics technology in Indonesia in its time, even today. The purpose of this study was to analyze the graphical products produced by Pusgrafin during the initial stand up to the time of transfer until the closing of the Pusgrafin institution. Pusgrafin printed magazines and books are used as elements for comparison or comparison of employee performance levels, as a result of the move of Pusgrafin office from Jalan Gatot Subroto, Central Jakarta to the location of a grant from the University of Indonesia, Jalan Srengseng Sawah Jagakarsa, South Jakarta. This research is qualitative in nature with four stages of historical research methods, namely heuristic/data source collection, source verification, interpretation/interpretation and historiography/writing. Heuristic stage is collecting data sources, and searching information in various places such as Pusgrafin library, Ministry of Education and Culture, National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, ANRI, Gramedia Library/museum, other libraries and at the house of the former Head of Indonesian Graphic Center, or at home the house of the former Head of Pusgrafin. The second stage is the critique method, namely the researcher conducts data analysis and synchronizes the findings of field data, and selects data for research needs. Interview and conduct questionnaires to figures or former Pusgrafin employees who are still alive, or their families. The third stage is the interpretation of interpreting selected sources through a formal analysis approach, and existing socio-instrumental aspects of events and events in them. The fourth stage, historiography, is to make the writing or reconstruction of events from what is produced from the beginning to the end, using a comprehensive social approach.
Indonesia’s Cultural Resilience Responses to China’s Belt and Road Initiatives R. Tuty Nur Mutia, Reynaldo de Archellie, Setiawati Darmojuwono
China’s investment initiative through the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road that was proposed by Xi Jinping in 2013 has attracted more than 65 countries (Ferdinand 2016; Blanchard 2018; Liu and Lim 2019). Indonesia responded the initiative by integrating it into its national program “Poros Maritim” in the early first term of President Joko Widodo. The program has been planned to build a huge number of infrastructure projects from ports, highway roads, and airports, and industries scattered from eastern to western part of Indonesia. This research aims to explore Indonesia’s government responses to Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) pertaining cultural
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 93
resilience factor. This research argues that in responding BRI to build infrastructure and industry, Indonesia’s government has not yet address cultural resilience factor although environmental and social mitigation had been taken into consideration definitely. This research used case study method by observing Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK)/Special Economic Zone Sei Mangkei, located in North Sumatera Province. Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone was established on February 27, 2012 and officially launched by President Joko Widodo on January 27, 2015. Sei Mangkei main business is palm oil and rubber industry, as well as some supporting industry, such as logistic, energy, electronic, production supporting industry, multi-industry, and tourism. This research uses 20 government laws pertaining SEZ’s basic permit and its operationalization. Using semantic-pragmatic approach, it found that Indonesia’s government tend to consider economic and investment factors legally. In addition, as written in some documents, Indonesia’s government thoughtfully consider the environment and social effect caused by SEZ’s infrastructure or industrial constructions. To mitigate the effects, the investors who want to bid a business proposal in SEZ must passed environmental feasibility study (Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan/AMDAL). Through an overarching and thorough reading, we found that none of these documents defines cultural effects caused by infrastructure and industrial constructions and provides mitigation plans that intended to protect local community’s cultural resilience.
Kampung and Environmental Sustainability: Community Agency, Access to Water and Bamboo Economy at Desa Papring Jenni Anggita, Sanca Pamungkas, Melani Budianta, Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
The urban-rural interaction within the context of globalization has created a number of environmental issues while also opening up new spaces for social innovation and cultural creativities in dealing with those issues. There has been a kampung cultural movement concerning the environment happening all over Indonesia in order to restore the natural balance of everyday lives. In our research project of “Smart Kampung” we address the challenges of the urban transition in the context of a developing country where those challenges are particularly pressing: Indonesia, one of the most rapidly urbanizing nations in the world, with the crisis-ridden megacity of Jakarta at its heart and a diversity of fast-growing suburban and rural areas with persevering environmental issues. The chosen case study for this article is Desa Papring in Banyuwangi, East Java, and the issues of access to water, bamboo economy (ekonomi bambu) and related environmental issues through the local initiative (Kampoeng Batara) initiated by a kampung activist from Japung (Jaringan Kampung Nusantara). The unsanitary waste from kampung atas, which is another kampung located in a higher position, is one of the urgent
94 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
environmental issues that need to be addressed. Furthermore, the growing popularity of plasticware has pushed aside the bamboo economy, which has become the community’s main source of income. Nowadays, bamboo has also become a rare commodity and the community members need to go deep into the woods endangering the potential economic resources while at the same time risking the environmental sustainability of the kampung as plastic consumption is increasing. Discussing environmental issues in kampung areas could exemplify kampung as a cultural and social anchor projecting potential solutions that is not simply replicated but also contextualized within the particular social cultural setting. By utilizing a collaborative knowledge production method between scholars, kampung communities and kampung activists, we aim to map out how the community in Kampoeng Batara Papring strive to overcome their environmental problems to proliferate the community’s well-being. This will also be beneficial in order to overcome issues that might happen due to the top-down approach often used by government official in solving environmental problems in these kampung areas. This research is expected to offer practical models of how the community members are able to strategically position themselves in dealing with the government or other official institution’s enforcement.
Land Contestation and Military intervention in Indonesia’s Citarum River Ecological Project Hilma Safitri, Zulfi Saeful, Izzudin Prawiranegara, and Dianto Bachriadi
300 km Citarum River is the longest and largest river in West Java – one of the most populated and economically advanced regions in Indonesia. Three large dams were built along the river to produce electricity, clean water, and flood control. Millions of people and thousands of industries depend on the water flowing in this river. However, various factors including the development policies along the Citarum river basin has led to the destruction of the river’s ecosystem. Industrial and household waste, which dumped into the river, exacerbates the damage. The water crucially recedes during the dry season; while sedimentation reduces the capacity of the river to flow led to the enormous flood during the rainy season. It is not surprising the Citarum River is considered one of the most polluted rivers in the world. A number of projects – which largely funded by foreign loans and grants, carried out since the ‘80s to rehabilitate and revitalize the river, especially to maintain water supply for the three large dams that produce important electricity for West Java. Nowadays, under the current populist-authoritarian regime, a rehabilitation program of the Citarum river basin is implemented again with the involvement of the military. The military concentrate their focus on the upper areas of the river stream, where the big plantations, a state-owned forestry company, and local people have long been contesting to claim the lands there for more than two centuries. This contention has been occurring since the first large-scale
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 95
opening of upstream areas for colonial plantations in the mid of 18th century. Currently, in the name of security and rehabilitation the river, military operations have been implemented to limit the local people’s ability to grow vegetables and foodstuff. However, the military have let large-scale plantations and the Forestry Company to do business as usual in those areas. Now military units have possession over the areas, mobilizing local people to grow coffee plants, as well as control the trade of harvested coffee beans. This paper will explore historical changes and contestations over the commons in Citarum’s upstream areas, and economic interests that followed related rehabilitation/revitalization projects to this river as well. This paper will also give special emphasis to interests of the army dominantly taking part in a recent Citarum’s revitalization program, which clearly indicates the military’s return into various non- defence activities in the newly democratized country.
Preventing Disasters The Colonial Government’s Policy of Nature Conservation in Dutch East-Indies 1900-1942 Harry Fajar Surya, Agus Setiawan
This article discusses the efforts of the colonial government towards environmental conservation in the Dutch East Indies. The destruction of forests and the hunting of wild animals, was a crucial issue that threatened the preservation of the environment at the beginning of the century in the Dutch East Indies. This is evident during the transition season when the rain did not fall in the wet season. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Dutch East Indies colonial government made several policy platforms to limit environmental damage and preserve nature. The foundation of the policy is the result of input and action of a group of scientists who care about the environment. The ideas and thoughts of the scientists in the Dutch East Indies cannot be separated from the efforts of nature conservation in the Netherlands. As a mother country, the Netherlands had an important role as a trigger of the establishment of nature conservation movement in the Dutch East Indies. The results of this study indicate that the Dutch East Indies colonial government has built a constructive policy regarding environmental management by establishing nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries. This research found a number of implementation policies of the Dutch colonial government which were proven to be successful in maintaining the existence of forests in a number of Indonesian regions so that the existence of species and vegetation was successfully protected. The policy is relevant to the condition of Indonesia in the present where forest encroachment for industrial interests is uncontrolled and damages the ecosystem. The function of forests to store water reserves is also increasingly important given the uncertain seasonal changes that have affected the decline in rain. In a number of regions in Indonesia there have been long droughts and affected food production. By itself the economic situation of a region is getting worse. This then made the
96 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Indonesian government's food imports increasingly increasing. The method used in this research is the historical method which consists of four stages namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. All these steps must be carried out carefully, especially colonial documents that explain the policies related to forest conservation. The researcher previously had conducted research in the national archives of the Republic of Indonesia, so it facilitates the search for colonial archives.
Religion-Based Environmental Social Media Initiatives in Indonesia: The Preaching of Waste Management Mursyidatul Umamah, Maria Cherry Ndoen, Ayunda Nurvitasari, S.M. Gietty Tambunan
Social media campaigns in Indonesia concerning social, cultural and political issues have become powerful tools for individuals or even organizations to propagate public opinions and initiate collective actions (as argued by Lim (2013 & 2017)). Furthermore, social media has been increasingly used among environmental groups or even individuals to raise awareness and evoke actions. One strategy is to construct particular images and dominant narrations on environmental issues. This communication method through digital technology, on one hand, may articulate the idea of “being green” but also contribute to efforts at stimulating environmental conservation from individuals. The chosen case study for this research is religious-based environmental initiatives that utilize social media platforms, in this case, Instagram, to promote their activism and also to construct “alternative” narrations on environmental conservation. In Indonesia, especially in the urban context, the dominant narrations from popular environmental social media initiatives are particularly for middle to high social class. For example, fashion ecopreneurship selling expensive eco-friendly clothes to a targeted group from a particular social class. Another example is the #dietkantongplastik (or plastic bag diet hashtag movement) that eventually construct layers or hierarchical positioning of individuals who are considered more environmentally friendly than the others. As we explore other narrations by other initiatives, we uncover several initiatives that are centering their activism within the religious discourse. By conducting netnography on @SantriNahdiliyin, @tamanbacatigasurau, @ReksaBumiTegal, @BankSampahMajelisRasulullahSAW, @Bank Sampah Nusantara LPBI NU, @Bank Sampah Syariah (BSS), @banksampah.al-ihya and several other Instagram accounts that foster Islamic narration on environmental issues or “jihad environmentalism” the article aims to contextualize these initiatives within the awakening of Islam that began towards the end of the New Order Era and the Islamic populism that are growing rapidly in Indonesia. We are also comparing these case studies with other religion-based environmentalist initiatives in Instagram, such as @kristenhijau, to see how religious narrations
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 97
are used to initiate collective actions in order to save the environment. The goal is to contribute to the international scholarship that discusses how social media (or other mass media forms) could strategically be used in relation to environmental activism while at the same time critically acknowledging social media limited potentials.
Resistence or Incorporation: Crop Boom and Agrarian Change in Jambi Yudi Bachrioktora
The current study of Indonesia's oil palm expansion focuses more on the large- scale land acquisition process carried out by companies, both nationally and internationally. Another focus in this field of research is on the impact of oil palm expansion on small farmers and indigenous people. Small farmers and indigenous people experience the process of exclusion as well as inclusion from the current acceleration of oil palm expansion. The studies about oil palm expansion in Indonesia also rarely discuss the influence of commercial crops in encouraging agrarian change, as has been shown during the rubber boom period in the colonial era in Jambi. This article argues that it is important to link the current dynamics of land acquisition to developments and trends of the explosion of commercial crops. Therefore, the key question in this article is who has the right over land during crop boom conditions, particularly concerning the decision to plant export-oriented crops. It is also important to examine how the legitimation over land is determined. Moreover, this article discusses how the crop boom affects the relationship between the parties involved in land control and adjustment in land use. By using historical perspective and ethnographic studies to answer the research question, this study shows how farmers respond to commercial crops. When the rubber boom occurred during the Dutch colonial period, most farmers in Jambi participated in rubber production. The opportunity to manage rubber plantations also attracted workers from various regions in Sumatra and Java. The same phenomenon occurs with the oil palm boom, with many farmers participating in the palm oil production chain. As a result, the opening of forest areas for oil palm plantations has become a common practice in Jambi. Economic benefits are one of the reasons for many parties to get involved in oil palm plantations. The increasing global demand for vegetable oils and biofuels is also a determining factor in oil palm expansion to increase well in Jambi. This article also shows how various parties make different decisions for land use. The government and the farmers have their own measurement in maintaining their involvement in land use. One of the measurements is the attempt to add and recognize customary arrangements in the state law of Indonesia. This measurement will provide opportunities for farmers/indigenous people to get involved in the production of commercial crops.
98 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Bonds that Tie: People-Plant Affective Relations in the Indonesian Oil Palm Sector Inditian Latifa
The cultivation of oil palm plantations in tropical countries like Malaysia and Indonesia has been greatly reviewed and criticized both in terms of the environmental implications and socio-economic repercussions. While most studies on oil palm development in Indonesia have focused on large-scale plantations run by private companies in Sumatra and Kalimantan, this paper presents an ethnographic case study of a state plantation in Ranca Bungur, West Java. The study is based on several research visits between 2018 and 2019 to one of the villages and interviews with village authorities and villagers without formal political positions. Grounding the analysis in the concept of precarity as a universal social condition that shapes distinctive modalities of agency and relations (Butler, 2009; Tsing, 2015), it examines concrete manifestations of precarity experienced by the local community and the unexpected spaces of renegotiation and creativity which precarity in this situation engenders. Furthermore, the study is inspired by the “plant turn” in multispecies ethnography and explores how such spaces create affective bases for people-plant relationships within the oil palm sector in Indonesia. Overall, two key findings are presented in this paper. First, the precarious environment in Ranca Bungur created by the oil palm plantation’s insatiable need for land and water unexpectedly enables a new relationship between plant and people that is marked not by hostility but by care. The women in particular talk in affectively charge language about the ferns, mushrooms, and fronds that emerge from this precarious environment that are then processed for daily consumption or market trade. This finding is in line with Sophie Chao’s (2018) study on the affective relationship between corporate actors and oil palm seeds in Riau, Sumatra. Regardless of the formation of a new affective relationship between the local community and the oil palm plants, the livelihood it engenders remain precarious as the women do not work for any company and market trade is reliant on a growing but limited network constituted mainly by Indonesian state-owned enterprises. Second, unlike conditions in Sumatra and Kalimantan where the presence of oil palm plantation projects disrupt ethnic identities and kinship relations, in Ranca Bungur oil palm plays a great role in unifying the village people and forging a collective identity to oppose the rapid expansion of real estates in the area. Narratives of the importance of oil palm have been adopted, articulated, and mobilized strategically by the local community in order to eschew from articulating any ethnic identity that is equally problematic due to ethnic differences within the villagers despite the majority of them being Sundanese. This finding shows that indeed in the context of Indonesia a group’s self-identification as indigenous, as in the case of certain plantations, is not natural (Li, 2000), but it is a strategic positioning that relies on the group’s natural and affective resources.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 99
Tourism Village as A Tool for Environmental Sustainability: A Case Study of Cibuntu Village, Kuningan Regency Pratidina Sekar Pembayun, Annissa Haq, Turita Indah Setyani
The concept of a tourism village was introduced by Indonesian government in order to promote local tradition and culture. Furthermore, a tourism village is often used to maintain economic and environmental sustainability for its villagers. However, in several cases, it has also been used as a tool for its villagers to break out from social problems. The chosen case study for this research is Cibuntu Village, located in Kuningan Regency, West Java, which used to be one of the isolated and undeveloped villages in the region. Aside from that, its environment was almost destroyed due to sand miner. The rapid growth of urbanisation is creating higher demands for this increasingly valuable resource (sand) and it is unlikely to slow down any time soon causing significant environmental issues in the village and surrounding areas. Deriving from those problems, the villagers took an initiative to rebuild their village and one of them is by establishing a cooperation with Trisakti Tourism School in order to learn how to build, manage, and promote the village’s tourism. From 2012, they started to promote their village as a tourism village, redefining and rebranding their own village. In 2018, Cibuntu Village was awarded as the best tourism village by ASEAN Community. Research findings show that the villagers are, on one hand, in control and articulate their agency by incorporating strategies that enhance their economics sustainability, such as utilizing the surrounding natural resources and available lands to plant candle nuts, bamboo or even durian fruit. They also build “kampung kambing” (where they keep the goats) separated from the living areas of the community to ensure hygienic living arrangements. This paper is aimed to study the way Cibuntu villagers maintain their environment and redefining their own identity by working with nature instead of exploiting it while coping with the destructive industrial scale sand mining in the village.
100 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
SUBTHEME: EXCAVATING INDONESIAN CULTURAL ARTEFACTS AND REJUVENATING CULTURAL HERITAGES
Analysis of Paleography and Re-interpretation the Date of Short Incriptions on Temple and Stupa Perwara at Plaosan Lor Temple Complex Kayato Hardani, Ninny Soesanto Tedjowasono
Plaosan Lor Temple which is part of the Buddhist temple complex which was estimated to be built in the 9th century AD. As a remnant of the human material culture of its time, it turned out that Plaosan Temple had important artefactual evidence in the form of inscriptions. The inscription is carved at the foot of perwara (subsidiary) temples and ancillary stupas. The whole short inscription uses Old Javanese language and script. Inscriptions if conceptually understood as one culture of written material that can be equated as a text in which various teachings or experiences are written. The inscription contains ideas, so the inscriptions are artifacts that are interpreted together by a social group, a community and are considered to have merged with their biophysical environment and social environment. The first study of the inscription was the Dutch researcher J.G de Casparis in 1958. Based on his research, he argued that the short inscriptions at Plaosan Lor Temple originated from the period between 840 and 860 AD. This opinion is also supported by several position names and official names found in the Plaosan Lor temple inscriptions with several other inscriptions from the same period. Even so, de Casparis did not distinguish between the paleographic features found differently in each temple and stupa. Starting from the difference in paleographic characteristics, a reinterpretation of the construction period of Plaosan Lor Temple can be done. Research purposes 1. To group short inscriptions based on paleographic analysis 2. Reinterpretation of the dates of short inscriptions The study uses a method commonly used in epigraphy studies which begins with external and internal criticism. External criticism includes the analysis of characters, writing media, literary form, literacy size and the context that accompanied the inscription. The internal criticism is more related to the content of the text than short inscriptions.
Commodification of Seren Taun Rituals in Kampung Urug Prita Setya Maharani, Tommy Christomy
Seren Taun is a ritual to celebrate harvest in West Java. It is also an offerings to God to give blessings towards their harvest. Seren Taun ceremony is held to celebrate the harvest from Sri as the Harvest Goddess. Unfortunately, Seren Taun in Urug Village (Kampung Urug) has been modified to fulfill the tourist expectation towards the rituals itself. It used to be a sacred rituals, but it has
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 101
become a tourist destination. Many outsiders come to visit and celebrate Seren Taun with Urug’s people. People no longer see it as a sacred rituals, instead the people of Urug Village only come to get free food from the rituals. This research will explain the culture in Urug Village that has become a commodity to gain economic benefit and the agent who participate in making Urug Village as tourist destination. This research will give deep understanding towards Urug Village participation at Seren Taun rituals. This study could be useful to give more knowledge about commodification of culture and the invented tradition towards culture that happened in Indonesia. It will also explained the culture progress into tourism industry. This research will use ethnography method with in-depth interview, documenting with photos and videos. This research will use three respondents from Urug Village. They are the chief of Urug Village, the confidant of Urug Village’s chief and religious person in Urug Village. The researcher use an interpreter for translating Sundanese into Indonesian language. The researcher will use theory about invention of tradition (Hobsbawm, 1983) to explain how culture could be modified into what the tourist expect and theory towards commodification to give understanding towards culture that has been modified into a commodity (Appadurai, 1988). The result of this research shows that Urug Village has changed into tourism destination. It is also due to the support from the chief of Urug Village, Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Bogor, and Researchers about Urug Village. This research about Seren Taun rituals commodification in Urug Village hasn’t been written by other researchers, but there are similar articles about commodification in Indonesia, for example: Commodification of Telajakan at Ubud Village, Gianyar, Bali written by Ida Bagus Brata (2012), The Commodification of Culture in Bali in The Frame of Cultural Tourism by Agoes Tinus Indrianto (2015), and Culture as Tourism Attraction: Commodification and Politicization of Culture in Kembangarum Tourism Village, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia by Raden Rucitarahma Ristiawan (2018).
Feminist Perpective on the Museum Perdjoangan Bogor Exhibition Wahyu Adi Nugroho, Kresno Yulianto
This research is the application of feminist perspective to see the extent to which the exhibition system in the Struggle Museum of Bogor present the role of women in the struggle during the physical revolution in the former Bogor Residency in 1945-1950. The feminist perspective used as a lens of interpretation is he first wave of feminism. Through this study the aim is to uncover elements of the exhibition system that have not demonstrated equality and emancipation of women’s roles in the struggle during the physical revolution. The method used is qualitative in transformative world view derived in the form of literature studies, observation, and interviews. Based on the results of the study it was revealed that the architectural elements in the form of relief, the type of representation in the form of ilustrated paintings have
102 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
shown equality and emancipation of the role of women in the struggle. Whereas in the spatial distribution element there is demarcation of primary and secondary spaces; collection distribution that shows alienation and objectification; texts that have not voiced the role of women, which in general have not represented women’s equality and emancipation. Based on these inequalites, the equality of women’s roles in the exhibition system can be done by proposing alternative space sharing design concepts by forging a collection of women’s roles in the middle on the first floor; collections regarding the role of women are placed into unity so that the strengthen each other’s meaning between collections so that they increasingly show the role of women in the struggle; strengthening texts and autonomous narratives for women’s achievements; and the use of media display which more shows the manifestation and unification of the role of women in form of small scale figures in the narrative of dioramas.
Meaning of Placement of Tomb, Community and Settlement of XVII-XIX Masehi Century in Belitung Island: Landscape Archaeology Perspective Jepriyadi Alumbu, Wanny Rahardjo Wahyudi
The cultural landscape is one of the central themes studied in archaeology. In this perspective, we examine the relationship between the distribution of archaeological remains and landscapes. In the relationship of archeology and landscape, there is a local culture implied in it so that knowledge of the laying of archaeological remains in a landscape has its special characteristics. Particular characteristics that can be seen on Belitung Island are the ancient burial located at sunset and the opposite settlement which is next to the sunrise, besides the existence of the mosque, of course, supports the people to worship. So that in establishing mosques considers the ease of accessing mosques, this is local knowledge, so in such knowledge from the people of Belitung Island in establishing mosques on Belitung Island carried out at crossroads, both intersections three and intersections four. Archaeological remains which include tombs, mosques, and settlements are scattered in the Belitung Island region both on the highlands, land, and beaches. In the highland tombs are dominated by the tombs of the scholars, on the mainland more dominated by local nobles and the mixed beaches of both local aristocrats and followers of various professions. The mixing of these tombs is due to the development of new cultures coming from Europe, namely the Dutch Colonial to Belitung which influenced local culture and with the main purpose of exploring tin, as a result of the granting of tombs and settlements which were previously separated between ulama and nobility in the late 19th century. putting funerals and settlements. Through this study, it can be seen how the ideology adopted by a society influences the placement of its settlements. This study discusses the cultural landscape on Belitung Island until now it is unknown what underlies the placement of sites on Belitung Island. Through the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 103
study of landscape archaeology, it is known that the placement of tombs, mosques, and settlements on Belitung Island is an internalization of local values (maras taun) and Islamic values. As for the results of this study there is an internationalization of values (maras taun) which is the ulama in the life of the people of Belitung Island is someone special and highly respected and sacred so that it is placed on a plateau or elevation, on a tomb on the mainland is more dominant nobles, because this tomb is respected because of the treatment of the community when in power such as maintaining security and maintaining prosperity in its territory. Then in the internal values of Islam, there is harmony in the community of Belitung Island by giving alms to families, neighbors, and people who have died by salvation prayer with the Islamic procedure.
Memory Collective in Public Space: A Case Study of Chinese Tombs in Pasuruan 19th-20th Century Murni Setyawatiningrum, Irmawati Marwoto Djohan
The tomb is one of the important elements in the human life cycle. From the tomb we can see how social history was formed at a time and how an individual interpreted himself in the society around them. The Chinese tomb is a part of the Chinatown cultural landscape units, which usually consists of klenteng, shop houses or residential houses with distinctive Chinese architectural styles, and tombs. Around the 19th-20th century in Pasuruan the rich Chinese had their own private, family cemetery. Meanwhile, middle-class Chinese will be buried in a public cemetery. Even in the public cemetery, we can see the difference of their social status by the headstone (bong pay) materials and the variety of ornaments used. Cemetery is one of the public spaces that actively controls and assists human consciousness, actions and memory. Memory is a past experienced by an individual. The individual memory will only be part of the collective memory if it is able to transform through the process of remembering, neglecting and forgetting. That memory transformation is one of the process to interpret public space. This paper will try to answer the question about how collective memory formed through the process of remembering and forgetting and what kind of evidences that displayed the collective memory on the Chinese tombs in Pasuruan. We will try to elaborate which elements of the tombs that represent collective memory and its transformation process. The method in this study is descriptive qualitative which begin with observing, documenting and analyzing the Chinese tombs by its forms, ornaments, and inscriptions. The purpose of the research is to understand and interpret the role of collective memory in a public space in regards with the building of Chinese tombs. In conclusion, this research is necessary to carry out because whichever memories an individual chose to represent in a materials thing, it will affect the public space as whole. In Pasuruan, we also find a beautiful Chinese tomb that have bilingual bong pay,
104 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
and it is the only one left. Therefore, this research is expected to provide some insight about the importance of Chinese material culture to the richness of Indonesian history.
Museum of Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin: A Representation From National Hero Into Local Hero Albertus Napitupulu, Irmawati Marwoto Djohan
Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin is more popularly known as the name of Jakarta main streets and hospitals. There are only few people who are aware of his contribution to the society during his lifetime and the reason why President Soekarno named him as a national hero in 1960. His contribution and service to Indonesia are recorded and can be learned in the museum of Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin which is located in Jalan Kenari II, Senen, Jakarta. As a historical museum run by the local government, the museum has a vision which is to be a representative museum for the history of Jakarta, which explores the figure of Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin, as well as to be the pride of Jakarta and Indonesia. Nevertheless, is this vision projected in the existing exhibition? In order to answer the question, a study is conducted by using qualitative method which aims to seek a coherent relation between the museum’s vision and the depiction projected by the exhibition. The data used in this study comprises exhibition and the collections of Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin museum, which are narrative text and collections which depict the figure of Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin namely statues, diorama, paintings, and pictures. This study applies representation and identity theories to investigate the query. The analysis conducted to the data set shows that the museum projects Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin more as a national hero than a local hero. This projection does not meet the objective envisioned by the museum itself. Hence, an adjustment in the exhibition is essential in order to create a bolder representation and identity of Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin as a local hero. New museology concept may be applied in organizing an exhibition which depicts Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin as a Jakarta hero. Thus, his identity as a local hero can be thematically pictured in the exhibition and has relevance with the state of the society today.
New Insight: Tombstone Chinese Inscription from Barrang Lompo Old Islam Cemetery Yadi Mulyadi, Irmawati Marwoto Djohan, Isman Pratama Nasution
Barang Lompo is one of the islands in South Sulawesi which is quite close to Makassar City. This island has been inhabited since the 16th century AD by various ethnic groups; Bajo, Mandar, Bugis, Makassar, Malay, Chinese and Arabic. During the Gowa Tallo Kingdom, Barrang Lompo became one of the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 105
natural defenses, a Gallarang was placed here as a representative of the kingdom. Evidence of occupancy from that period, in the form of the distribution of ancient tombs, of which three have inscriptions of Chinese characters on their tombstones. This research examines the object of the tomb, including its inscriptions, to find out its historical aspects. Archeology and philology methods were applied in this study. Archaeological methods are applied to the detailed description of the attributes of the tomb components including decorations, shapes and sizes. Philology method, for analysis of inscriptions on gravestones, by involving philologists who understand Chinese, Arabic, and Lontara characters. Based on the form and orientation aspects of the tomb and the existence of Arabic inscriptions on the same tombstone, it is a Muslim tomb. The inscription of the Chinese Script contains a name that was imprinted and the year is buried in 1699 AD. Interestingly, on the gravestone there are also Arabic script inscriptions and Lontarak. Thus this gravestone reflects multiculturalism, and since the 17th century AD in Makassar adherents of Islam were not only Malay, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese but also Chinese. The 17th century was the initial period of Islamization in the Kingdom of Gowa and Tallo, the remains of the tomb with Chinese inscriptions on the tombstone on Barrang Lompo Island are new findings that provide information regarding the diversity of ethnic Muslims at that time. The location of the tomb, which is a complex with Muslim tombs from other ethnic groups, is a sign that inter- ethnic interaction is peaceful.
Reco Penganten The study of religious background of a couple God and Goddess from Majapahit Era (14th-15th Century AD) Agus Aris Munandar
This paper is study about religion background of a couple God and Goddess statue which has been collection of Indonesia National Museum, Jakarta. It made of stone and its inventory number is 5442, and mention from Majapahit period (14th-15th Century AD). Formerly those statues were found in Jebuk district, Tulungagung, East Java. Native people called it as Reca Penganten (a couple of bridge-bridegroom statue). For comprehensive interpretation, studied another statue also from the same archaeological site, it image as a queen, it assumed still have association with the Reca Penganten. The problem of this study is to effort for build interpretation on those statues, because until present day no interpretation regarding those statues except archaeological description. The Reca Penganten is unique image, the only one statue from ancient Indonesian culture, but after collected by National Museum, no extended research on it. This study is important to give more explanation of Reca Penganten and its role in Hindu-Buddha culture in ancient Java, before the statues damaged and decay. Methodology which use in this study is archeological-iconography. It means this study thoroughly observe it from part to part then match it with the data from manuscript sources on religion in same
106 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
era. Base on research done before, in this paper explain that those statues illustrate about the essence of Hindu-saiva and Buddhism on the top of level concept. Reca Penganten actually an illustration of unity between Hindu-saiva and Buddha which had been grown well at the Majapahit kingdom period. Meanwhile the Queen statue is metaphor on the meaningful guidance of Buddha Mahayana doctrine. The research of Hindu-Buddha iconography is not always separated between the Hindu iconography and Buddhist iconography, but according to this study some evidences found in one statue both the Hindu and Buddha iconography elements.
Rejuvenating Cultural Heritage through Exhibition Concept Based on the New Museum: A Case Study in the Istiqlal Museum, Jakarta Adimas Bayumurti, Ali Akbar
In the history of the museum, the emergence of the museum was originally to preserve collection objects. The museum's focus in the past was to function as a place to store, treat and exhibit collections. The subject that was communicated by the museum to the public was the existence of collections and information related to them. This old paradigm is no longer relevant in the present. Based on the latest museum definitions according to the International Council of Museums (ICOM), the museum serves to acquires, conserves, researches, communicates, and exhibits, for purposes of study, education and enjoyment, material evidence of man and his environment for purposes of learning, education and pleasure. If in the past the orientation of the museum was on the tangible heritage, then in the present the orientation of the museum is "theme", as the narrative of intangible cultural heritage. The big change in the museum paradigm was triggered by the emergence of the new museology, which is an idea that views museums as educational institutions that function to encourage community development. According to the New Museology, what is carried by the museum is cultural identity. In the new museology, collections are seen as representations of identity, from cultural roots or other meanings. Museums make people aware of their cultural identity, strengthen it, and encourage them to develop with that identity. In fact, not all museums in Indonesia refer to the new museology. The Istiqlal Museum is one of them. The Istiqlal Museum is one of the museums located in the area of the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Jakarta. The establishment of the Istiqlal Museum was designed as a representation of the implementation of the Koran values in life and the culture of Muslims in Indonesia; or in other words the concept of the Istiqlal Museum is to be the portrait of Islamic culture in Indonesia. The Exhibition of the Istiqlal Museum should not only display its collection as objects, but also present the meaning of the collections; including as a representation of identity and/or cultural roots. To applying this concept, the Istiqlal Museum needs to reveal the meaning of its collections; or formulate a narrative that displays the concept of identity and/or cultural roots that the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 107
Istiqlal Museum should carried; in this case is the Islamic cultural identity in Indonesia. This paper examines the implementation of the new museum - as a museum management concept formulated based on new museology - on the exhibition concept of the Istiqlal Museum. The purpose of this research is to formulate the exhibition concept that refers to the new museum concept. Indonesia is a country with a very large number of Muslims. The existence of the Istiqlal Museum, which represents Islamic cultural identity, can play an important role in preserving Islamic cultural identity in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection carried out through study literature and observation.
Rejuvenating the Outdated Method by Embracing New Technologies for Recording the Prehistoric Rock Art: A Case Study in Ceruk Tewet, Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat, East Kalimantan Irysad Leihitu, R. Cecep Eka Permana
Rock art is one of the most significant sources for an archaeologist, especially prehistorian, to know about and to reconstruct the activity of the hunter- gatherer society back in the upper-paleolithic times from 50.000-5000 years ago. These archaeological phenomena have been found globally across continents. In Indonesia for example, rock art was spread from east to the west part of the country. In fact, many researchers, either local or foreign have taken part in studying this prehistoric remains because of its peculiarity. Since the glacial period this ancient art has been survived until now, but not all of them. Some of them are damaged in natural and also cultural causes, such as faded by the direct contact of the sun and wheater or vandalized by people. Those problems are generally experienced by all expert throughout the world, and the only best way is to record it. There are several purposes in recording the rock art, such as (1) to maintain and prevent data loss, or also known as preserved by the record and in order (2) to analyze its functions and meanings of the art. The researcher needs to record what was depicted as much as possible to have a clear view of every forms and pattern. However, especially in Indonesia, some of the methods used for these purposes are fairly old-fashioned. In this article, we are trying to introduce the latest technologies that may help Indonesian student and researcher to record the rock art images, which is 3D scanning using photogrammetry to record the images in a wider or detail looks and D’Stretch application to sharpen the faded images. As a case study, we have done a demonstration of these two technologies in Ceruk Tewet, Sangkulirang- Mangkaliat, East Kalimantan. Ceruk Tewet is one of the most important caves in the region, and perhaps in Indonesia. It is because of the rarity of the rock art motifs which can only be found at that site. At the end of this article, we conclude that these two technologies as a suitable method in a way of preserving rock art based on the record and may help the researcher to gather their data effectively.
108 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Shiva-Buddha Concept of Panataran Temple Deny Yudo Wahyudi, Agus Aris Munandar
Panataran Temple is a large temple inherited from the Majapahit period which reveals the concept of Shiva-Buddha. The Shiva-Buddha concept began to emerge Singhasari period and strengthened during the Majapahit period. The concept of religious temple background so far shows the breath of Shiva or Buddhist. But this is precisely different in Panataran temple and several other temples because it shows the concept of fusion, namely Shiva-Buddha. This concept is seen in ornamentation, building structure and philosophical views. This study of Shiva-Buddha is interesting because it is not a general and unique pattern. This study is expected to contribute ideas about the phenomenon of the concept of Shiva-Buddhism in the archipelago, especially the time of Singhasari-Majapahit.
Workers in Nutmeg Plants and Neira Cities in Banda Islands (A Disciplinary Panopticon Model) Sarjiyanto, Irmawati Marwoto
The nutmeg plantations of the Banda Islands, Central Maluku, have an important value as part of the history of early industrial development in Indonesia. Operational management of the planting, maintenance, plucking, processing, distribution and organizing power is a form of learning that can be taken. A plantation must also require various forms of organizing human resources, ranging from recruitment, division of labor, supervision and discipline of its workers. In this case the materialized material culture forms reflect the mindset of the builders and managers. Through descriptive qualitative methods, disciplinary issues related to the management of nutmeg plantations are discussed by linking the concept of teknofak, sosiofak, ideofak in archeology with the concept of panopticon as the disciplinary model proposed by Foucault. The goal is to explore the value that can be applied to the present from the remains associated with nutmeg plantations in the Banda Islands. The results obtained have a link to the disciplinary model with archaeological remains associated with the management of nutmeg plantations. The concept of panopticon is still relevant today, with the necessary modification of cultural product forms, and customized technological and information developments.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 109
SUBTHEME: GENDER RELATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITIES
A Heaven For Queers?: Mise-en-scene Analysis On Heteronormativity In Queer Narrative "San Junipero" (2016) From TV Series Black Mirror Dominick Wulandhani, Andika Wijaya
As one of the episodes from the famous sci-fi British TV series, San Junipero has become one of the most interesting episodes from Black Mirror series to be analyzed, specifically from the perspective of science and technology, for its mind-blowing VR-based invention. Nevertheless, the aspect of gender and LGBT issues has not been commonly explored in sci-fi literature like Black Mirror. In the history of queer film, many queer narratives focus on tragedy rather than happiness. San Junipero (2016) makes a difference for serving a bitter-sweet storyline and a heartwarming ending that brings it all the way to Grammy. Nevertheless, the queer-friendly image that San Junipero (2016) has is still debatable for the fact that some heteronormative values are still depicted in the episode from various aspects. Using mise-en-scène method to analyze some of the cinematographic elements, which are setting, color, costume, camera work and performance, as well as doing a thorough literature analysis on the establishment and characterization of the queer characters, this article tries to identify the heteronormative elements that still persist under the image of ‘a celebration of queerness’ the episode has received from the fans. This study is expected to give a contribution in gender and queer studies to create a better understanding about queers in general. Despite some attempts that have been made to make this queer narrative appear as an empowering queer narrative, heteronormativity is still depicted in the episode. The queer characters are still portrayed in a rather stereotypical way. Both main characters in the episode still fall into sexuality and gender binary in female-female relationship and follows the rigid perspective about biological sex, gender and sexuality. The establishment of the queer characters also fit Rich’s (1980) critique towards the lesbian existence in relation to compulsory heteronormativity. Also, the depiction of the queers in this episode still create a negative portrayal of queers in general.
Alienated Hybrid Children in Korea During the 1950s Ashanti Widyana, Jung-Youn Woo
Differently from the condition of mixed-blood children in Korea nowadays, mixed-blood (honhyeol) children in the 1950s who were mostly born from American G.I. fathers and yanggongju (western princess) mothers as the outcome of racial hybridity lived miserable life. This research analyzed the process of emergence of mixed-blood children in Korea during the 1950s. The
110 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
same bloodline consciousness perceived by Koreans becomes a ‘barrier’ that might abridge to accept these children, even though they still have half-Korean blood in their body. This dilemma put mixed-blood children, particularly in the early period of the establishment of Korea as a nation-state, in an awkward position. This research was conducted with the two main objectives: 1) to investigate the process of the hybridization of mixed-blood children in Korea during the 1950s and the factors triggered their emergence, and 2) to see how the concept of hybridity explain the existence of honhyeol in Korea during the 1950s as the contraposition of the idea of danil minjok. It was conducted by analyzing the news articles from Chosun Ilbo, Dong-a Ilbo, and Kyunghyang Shinmun between January 1, 1950, and December 31, 1959 and reviewing the previous studies. To understand the process of emergence of mixed-blood children in this period, the concept of hybridity which covers the scope of racial and cultures is used, which is in contrast with the blood purity consciousness that is believed by Koreans for a long time. Through this research, it was found that the 1950s were the period of the emerging nature of mixed-blood children as the numbers increased almost every year from hundreds to more than one thousand at the end of the 1950s. Moreover, it was found that the racial hybridity of mixed-blood children in Korea during the 1950s was more like a system that did not only deal with the relationship between G.I. soldiers and yanggongju. This process also involved the surrounding factors such as the dream of yanggongju about American luxury; the tacit government supports towards kijichon (military camptown); and the U.S. military service that did not oppose the presence of kijichon. In the end, the public and Korean government that was not ready to deal with the existence of mixed-blood children built a barrier as a defense to maintain the blood purity consciousness and put these children as the ‘alien in the homeland.
Anachrony and Achrony in Vladimir Nabokov’s Лолита/Lolita/: A Study of the Order of Narrative Tense Alsyifa Rifka Sabarini, Thera Widyastuti
This article presents a critical reading in terms of the order of the story with respect to the narrative level on Лолита/Lolita/ by Vladimir Nabokov. Utilizing descriptive methods to interpret data and facts found from the main, and supporting datas that were collected with the technique literature study, the analysis reveals not only discordances between pseudo-temporal order and temporal order that create anachrony in the narrative, but also the plot in Лолита/Lolita/ is told within the framework of complete external analepsis. Prolepsis in the form of paralipsis, advance mentioning, advance notice, and snares, also analepsis in the form of repeating analepsis and enigma found within the analepsis framework create achrony in the narrative that composes its complex narrative structure. Furthermore, achrony plays a major role in delaying the significance Nabokov. Told in the form of memoir written by its
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 111
unreliable narrator Humbert, the novel’s structure is so carefully organized that it seems to draw attention to itself—how the order and the sequences of the story unfold—like that of detective stories. With Gérard Genette’s narratology as one of the structuralist approaches to literary criticism to analyze the story and narrative aspects of Лолита/Lolita/ and how they interact, and Roland Barthes’ analysis system of narrative to give Лолита/Lolita/ structure, the research aims to identify the relationship and discordances between the order of the story and the order of the narrative, the temporal position of the narrator to the story being told, its narrative techniques, and how it finally creates its narrative effects. The certain events that creates significant narrative effects in Лолита /Lolita/—making the essence of the novel especially created by the interaction of the initial narrative and the later narrative of the narrator in Лолита/Lolita/.
Analysis of Social Construction of Womanhood in Indonesia by State Ibuism Annalisa Manzo
The State Ibuism creates a perspective which argues that the state had a hierarchy and patriarchy in the system during the New Order era. The paradigm of women’s activism was disrupted by social expectations of women in the society. In that sense, State Ibuism by Suryakusuma (2011) becomes the approach to analyze the women existence in Indonesia and explore the possibility of womanhood as it stands for the first gendered analysis of the New Order. Often labelled as an authoritarian regime, it depoliticised women and mobilised them to support its goals through a series of highly interventionist state institution. So, women became socially constructed objects to fit within a certain hierarchical and patriarchal order. The New Order government tended to adopt the concept of women as wives or mothers or both as the most convenient gender ideology. Men were defined as leaders and women, as wives and mothers, followed the social positions of their husbands. This formulation was crystallised by the state creation of the government official wives’ organization, called Dharma Wanita: the wives of civil servants automatically became its members. Furthermore, Indonesian women also faced challenges of modernization under democracy to find the meaning of social recognition. State Ibuism, as the methodology chosen for this analysis, brings to the fact that women were figuratively forced to follow values based on the society approval. Therefore, this writing aims to elaborate the social construction of Indonesian womanhood from State Ibuism approach in order to understand and deepen their relationship. The research argues that gender is part of the society norms and values, meaning that gender and culture are placed at its core. In gender methods, equality is seen as the ideal condition in which men and women are supposed to share their roles in social life. Identity socially shapes men and women into a role that society accepts. Indeed, the gender- constructed role of women during the New Order era can still be considered a
112 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
current topic. Enloe (2000) stating that “the personal is global and global is gendered” represents a truly valid remark. Every woman experiences almost the same issue that womanhood itself does not allow women to be part of the real world offered to men. Although womanhood and identity are questioned, women have to struggle to keep up with the agenda that men created in the world.
A Portrayal of Masculinity in Causing Domestic Violence As Seen in Big Little Lies Shasti Salsabila, Marti Fauziah Ariastuti
The recent release of the HBO series Big Little Lies, whose plot centres around the domestic violence of a wealthy husband and wife, has been accompanied by a great amount of social commentary and received a great deal of exposure. The series highlights domestic violence but does not quite expose the key root cause. The issue brought up within this series has become significant due to the increasing victims of domestic violence. At times, domestic violence is simply over looked, where in fact, it is important to explore the root cause of such behaviour. This paper analyses how the concept of masculinity, as defined by Connell (1995) as a form of practice and behaviour done by men, constructs the root causes of domestic violence. The violent act done by men themselves does not come abruptly, but rather be triggered by their own emotions. This paper proves that gender roles plays a big part in causing domestic violence. These traditional gender roles are commonly lies in men having the upper- hand, being dominant and aggressive, while women are scripted to be passive and submissive. To support this argument, this paper highlights relevant examples from the show and discusses two major points: (1) the presence of masculinity, and (2) the effects of masculinity on individuals and relationships, particularly on women and children. Applying a qualitative research method, this paper is divided into two sections: (1) a close reading on the literary work and the masculinity portrayed through the character Perry, and (2) analysis of the impacts of masculinity on women and children through the character Celeste and her twin boys. Scenes containing violence are carefully selected and analysed through dialogue, actions, and reactions to have a better understanding of masculinity and its impacts. It is hoped that this study will make a valuable contribution to society in a sense that will act as a means to understand masculinity and its significance on domestic violence.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 113
Au Commencement était la Mer by Maïssa Bey : Woman’s Space and Subjectivity Widya Eka Putri, Suma Riella Rusdiarti
French-language literature developed in Algeria in the 1930s as a consequence of the French occupation in that country. Before independence, talented Algerian writers used French-language literature as a platform to voice independence and fight French colonialism. After independence, in 1994 Algerian literature was dominated by written work based on reality and social conditions. That written work is on the form of criticism of civil war and patriarchal discourse. The emergence of women writers marked the development of Algerian literature. They often bring the theme of domestic and family violence, war, political violence, and women's liberation efforts. The themes that they adopted quickly dominated literary work in Algeria and the Francophone countries. The emergence of women writers is also an evidence of the rise of Algerian women to fight the environment that upholds the norms in society and criticizes patriarchal discourse. Au Commencement Était la Mer is one of Maïssa Bey's works in which describes the condition of women who are under man domination and must comply to norms and traditions. The main character, Nadia, is a young woman who is aware of the absolute freedom she has. Nadia struggled a lot to get that freedom and she decided to use her own choice for every decision in her life. Nadia's choices also involved spaces that she attended to break down people's point of view on the limits of the movement that they gave to women. Therefore, this article will discuss the space and subjectivity of women in Au Commencement Était la Mer. It aims to find spaces that women use to prove their absolute freedom through structural studies; theory of narration by Gérard Genette and narrative text analysis by Roland Barthes; and then correlates it with the concept of subjectivity by Simone de Beauvoir. Until recently, the discourse of patriarchy and the women’s fight for equality is still found in the World and very relevant in society. Finally, this article will reveal the types of space and how women are present in those spaces with the spirit of freedom.
Beyond Human Rights: Reading Human Rights through Immanuel Levinas's Theory of Ethics and Existentialism Sulfiah, James Farlow Mendrofa
Generally, human rights are understood as individualist ideology. The cause of this understanding is the argumentation to make justification of Human Rights as a value that naturally, inevitably, inalienable, and a gift from God that people has just because they are humans. As a result, Human Rights are really difficult to accept especially for country that really hates individualism such as Asian countries. Also, Human Rights becoming very confusing, contradictory, dogmatic, have circular arguments, and tautologies. It is not only Asian
114 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
countries or parties that reject human rights that view human rights as individualist ideologies, but also the activist of Human Rights, even the Universal Declaration of Human Rights also believe that human Rights are individualist ideologies. Then I found that the reason why human rights are understood as individualism, that is because there is a misunderstanding of the theory of natural rights and natural law. There is confusing in our head between the concept of natural rights and natural law with the concept of human rights as we know nowadays.Natural rights are often equated with human rights, but I found that these are two different concepts. Natural rights theory only said that humans are born free, they can do whatever they want. Along with that, human’s state of nature is an egoist or selfish –or what Hobbes called Homo Homini Lupus- if we combine those two –“they can do whatever they want” with “what they want are always egoist” then natural rights must be limited by natural law. Natural Law comes from reason. But there is no clear explanation of what the meaning comes from reason. Egoist or selfish action can also come from reason, that we think that certain action can give us a lot of benefits. Start from this explanation, I found that the Theory of Human Rights should be reading through Levinas’s theory of ethics and existentialism. Levinas explained that "I" will experience an existential experience namely an encounter with “the face” of "the other". "I" who experiences "the other" finally feels responsible for others. This is how human rights should work. Not by the way an individual realizes that he has human rights, then he fights for his own human rights. Otherwise, "I" take responsibility for "the other" without expecting anything in return. This sense of responsibility is what ultimately creates human rights.
Black America: Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Childish Gambino's "This is America" Mona Audryn Margaretha, Yasmine Anabel Panjaitan
A song can manifest itself as a critical instrument in the vast socio-political atmosphere. Often times a song secretes its meaning within layers of linguistic elements. The delivery of meaning by the song can be represented in form of semiotic elements via textual and visual communication. Childish Gambino’s This is America (2018) disguises a number of semiotic elements that criticize the injustice politics of race in America. Machin’s Lyrics Analysis (2010) and Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar approach (2006) can be used to analyze the illustrated semiotic elements. Machin’s lyrics analysis (2010) explores the scheme, the participants, the action and agency, and the settings and circumstances that are articulated in the verbal semiotic elements. Meanwhile, Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar (2006) investigates the representational, the interactive, and the compositional meaning of the visual semiotic elements in the music video. Both frameworks are two Multimodal Discourse Analysis approaches that explore interdisciplinary analysis in the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 115
discourse oriented research. Multimodal Discourse Analysis employs not only verbal texts, but also a variety of contemporary media products such as videos, novels, and games. Hence, the method allows for a comprehensive understanding of meanings that are maneuvered through This is America’s semiotic elements in the lyrics and the music video. This research aims to make sense of those elements in order to give a better insight concerning the present state of racial discrepancy in United States through Gambino’s standpoint. After breaking down the elements, this article finds that Gambino questions the practice of black discrimination through gun and police violence in present America. The research findings also shows that Gambino utilizes distance within his words and excessive gestures in his visual communication as a diversion, which is purposefully placed to gain a profound observation from the audience, and thus able to spark a conversation regarding the issue in a greater scale. Furthermore, it is found that This is America utilizes Hamilton’s Black Carnivalesque (2015), that is based on Bakhtin’s concept of Carnivalesque in 1965, as a layering device in form of comical aspects in the visual elements. Through humorous semiotic elements, Gambino is discovered to highlight the commodification of black art in his music video.
Body Shaming to Male and Female Objects in Instagram Comment Column Syabilla Desya Dwi Dahlia, Sri Munawarah
The expression ‘body shaming’ has become a popular language phenomenon in Indonesian social media and general public, especially since the news of a public figure who reported a body shaming perpetrator to the police went viral. Based on observations, body shaming was experienced not only by women but also by men. This present study analyzed body shaming to men and women in Instagram comment column. This study is aimed at describing the forms and classification of body shaming as well as the collocational meanings tendency of body shaming to male and female objects. The significance of this study is as the descriptions of body shaming to men and women which frequently occur in social media. A qualitative method was used with data taken from comments in Instagram photograph postings of the men and women as the objects. There were 134 comments with male objects taken from Roy Kiyoshi’s account, and 33 comments with female objects were taken from Ayu Ting Ting’s account. This study used Holmes’ sociolinguistics theories, Kridalaksana’s syntactical units, Yuwono’s classification of swearing which was improved by Wijana and Rohmadi, and Sinclair’s collocational meaning theory. The swearing classification is the main reference to classify the comments. The results show that body shaming were expressed in words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The body shaming comments were classified based on the source groups and on the comparison referents. Based on the collocational meanings, the netizens tend to use collocates from the state(s) of thing and object groups to mock the male objects. However, they use only collocates from the state(s) of
116 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
thing to mock the female objects. There are also differences in the ways to express body shaming to male and female objects. To male objects, the netizens tend to use an analogy, whereas to female objects, they tend to mock the physical states and deficiency of the objects directly. Within linguistics paradigms, research on body shaming has never been done, and the use of body shaming data from the comments on Instagram can be considered as a novelty.
Capitalism and the Commodification of Black Woman in Toni Morrison's God Help the Child (2015) Diantri Seprina Putri, Melani Budianta, Bayu Kristianto
Capitalism, especially through the mass media, has a great impact in the construction of blackness in modern society. While previously undesired, blackness in the contemporary society is presented as exotic and enthralling. ‘Black is beautiful’ is the new slogan in representing blackness. In spite of the positive message, however, underneath this marketing jargon is the commodification of black woman‚Äôs body. This article analyzes the commodification of the black woman through the narrative and characterization of the main character, Bride, in Toni Morrison’s novel, God Help the Child. The purpose of the research is to unpack the intersection between the commodification of black women and race and gender construction within the white supremacist, capitalistic patriarchy. The representation of blackness in society affects the commodification methods imposed by capitalism on black women. Textual analysis is based on Bell Hook’s critical race theory. The findings show that implicitly, racism is readopted in the contemporary capitalism. Economic wise, capitalism serves as an alternative medium to enhance the black people’s capital by making blackness a lucrative commodity. The new image of blackness gives opportunity for black people to invest on their physical appearance. However, the new construction of blackness also suggests the orientalist gaze of the White as a standard. Furthermore, this commodification is gendered, as it capitalizes especially on black women‚Äôs bodies. The article thereby unpacks the collusion between capitalism and racism to maximize capital accumulation and preserve the racial dominance through the commodification of blackness and black women’s bodies.
Critique of the Ethics of Capitalism in Deux Jours, Une Nuit Muhammad Evan Alwin, Joesana Tjahjani
The recent economic crisis that hit Europe back in 2008 has a great impact on industrial sector. Businesses had to take measures in order to cope with the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 117
crisis. The measures were felt notably by the working class. Due to the recession that caused by the crisis, a great number of working class were threatened to be on the dole and many of them have lost their job. Even now, after a very long time, the impact of the crisis is still felt by various European countries. This phenomenon of crisis and its impact is pictured in many literary works such as writings, films, and music. Films, particularly with its narrative and cinematography aspects have the ability to carry a deeper and profound message of the working class’ struggles to make ends meet. Aside from its counterpart, France, the cinema of Belgium is one of the main film industries that use this sociocultural cause for its main theme. Belgian cineastes such as Jean-Jacques Andrien, Thierry Michel, and the Dardenne brothers use their works to portray the image of the working class condition in Belgium. The Dardenne brothers’ Deux Jours, Une Nuit is one of them. The film portrays the struggle of a blue-collar worker, ‘Sandra’. Combined with her mental illness, the struggle became even more harder. This article analyses the portrayal of the ethics of capitalism in the form of a critique while using the concept of reification. It aims to present the critique of capitalism ethics in Deux Jours, Une Nuit which is shown through the narrative and cinematographic aspects, and then correlates it with the reification concept that occurs in the working class according to György Lukács to explain the struggle of Sandra's character to secure her job. In this film, the ethics of capitalism placed humans as an exploitable instrument. Until recently, research conducted on the role of the economy in society is very relevant. The issues relating to the problems of the economy and society, especially the welfare of the working class is still found in Europe and in the world. This article will finally reveal how capitalism and its ethics influence the working class.
Disney’s Liliths and Fear for Female Subjectivity Ken Rahmalia Masjhur, Inditian Latifa
In the discourse surrounding Disney villainesses, it is often believed that female antagonists owe their characteristics to identities outside of their femaleness, due to the understanding that they own traits deemed too ‘masculine’ for women. Subjectivity, a defining trait present in every single one of the Disney villainesses, is one of them. Examining the animated Disney movies Cinderella (1950) and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), and comparing the narratives surrounding their antagonists to the myth of Lilith, this article argues that while subjectivity is a trait that have always coexisted with femininity in women since the very beginning of time, subjectivity is still a trait not accepted in women. Just as the case with Lilith, Disney’s female characters with strong displays of subjectivity are often vilified for displaying their subjective status instead of acting as passive recipients to the dealings of fate. Additionally, the narratives seem to reinforce the notion that these
118 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
subjective females are incapable of handling the responsibility that comes with their subject status.
Domestic Violence Simplification in It Ends with Us (2016) by Colleen Hoover Winda Dwiastuti, Harumi Manik Ayu Yamin
With the purpose of raising awareness on domestic violence, many forms of popular culture have tried to highlight the issue. Some of them were also made to empower people having experienced violence in relationships. However, critical analysis on how the products of popular culture portray the issue is heavily needed as domestic violence is a complex issue and often misrepresented. The inaccuracy in depicting the issue might affect the consumer of popular culture’s understanding on the issue. Examining the peripheral characters of the novel It Ends with Us (2016) by Colleen Hoover, this research analyzes their attitude and how they respond to the issue of violence in the novel. The aim of this research is to provide a thorough analysis on a simplified depiction of domestic violence in a novel and reveal how a product of popular culture might deliver misleading representation on social issues through its elements, such as its plot and characters. The method used in the paper is library research method, where the corpus are analyzed by referring to several related concepts and theories, such as the concept of attitudes, hegemonic femininity, and homosociality. It was found that despite popular opinion which claims that It Ends with Us is an empowering novel, the majority of the peripheral characters still show that they have a simplified perspective of domestic violence as they see violence as a private and normal issue in marriage. Their responses are influenced by several factors, namely internalized patriarchal norms, perspective toward marriage, occupation, and homosocial bond. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the peripheral characters fail to function maximally as a support system for the main character, who is a domestically abused woman in the story. The novel‚Äôs proposed solution is also simplified as it is solved with no involvement of professionals and no punishment for the abuser.
Dutch Life Dynamics in Dutch East Indies in Our Childhood in The Former Colonial Dutch East Indies (2011) Syadza Fadhilah, Barbara Elisabeth Lucia Pesulima
This paper will discuss the description of the Dutch’s life in Dutch East Indies during Dutch colonial era and Japan’s authority up until Indonesia’s independence in Our Childhood in The Former Colonial Dutch Indies (2011) written by Ralph Ockerse and Evelijn Blaney. This book tells about the dynamics
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 119
of Ockerse’s and his family’s life in Dutch East Indies from 1935 until 1946. According to the historical data, the most intense authorities transition in Dutch East Indies happened from 1940 until 1946, began with Dutch’s authority, Japan’s authority in 1942, until Indonesia’s independence in 1945. These authorities transitions affected the Dutch citizen in Dutch East Indies directly, in this case was Ralph Ockerse as the main character of the book. This dynamics triggering several question: How’s the life of the Dutch in Dutch East Indies described in Our Childhood in The Former Colonial Dutch Indies? How Ockerse, as the representation of the Dutch in this book sees his own life in Dutch East Indies?
Expressions of Sexuality as a Means of Liberation: Janelle Monáe’s Black Queer Portrayals in Dirty Computer (2018) Nariswari Tria Edriana, Manneke Budiman
The history of colonization and slavery has constructed a paradigm in ‘western’ societies that a person of color is “always sexually available”, suggesting that race could describe someone’s sexuality. This brings nuances to how the American society represents black women in their popular culture; for it provides hints to how violence is reflected in the society’s perception as well as choices of representation. Positioning the female body as an object of sexual desires is a common practice, but it could have been understood differently when it involves black women, or is done by female musicians. Janelle Monáe, for example, has been repeatedly mentioned by scholars who study the scenes of female performers of color. She has been consistent in representing counter-narratives for black people, especially black women, throughout her musical career. This article explores the ways in which singer/songwriter Janelle Monáe integrates subjectivity into black women’s expressions of sexuality in the short movie titled Dirty Computer. The aim is to see how race that intersects with sexuality drives the plot of the movie toward liberation for the characters who are categorized as ‘dirty computer’ and to find out the significance of the term to queer identity (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender). By analyzing the film’s narrative and cinematographic elements and the relations of these elements to the sexual politics of black women, we found that Dirty Computer subverts the existing notions of black female sexuality. Firstly, it refutes the notion that black women are ‘always sexually available’--by showing that the sexuality of the women in the movie is part of their identities. Secondly, it questions the idea of how women are ‘always sexually expressive only toward men’--by presenting a romantic narrative that is far from phallocentric motives. These findings redefine the notion behind “the pursuit of happiness” from a perspective that includes black queer women’s liberty to express their sexuality.
120 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Feminism and Anti-Feminism Paradox in Video Game Nier: Automata Made Melvina L. SD, Rouli Esther Pasaribu
One of the famous Japanese video game in 2017, Nier: Automata, shows a new sight of feminism as a reaction to gender inequality in Japan. This game supports women empowerment through the depiction of strong female characters within the game. However, through a deeper analysis, it can be read that Nier: Automata also shows a narrative of anti feminism. This article attempts to see how feminism and anti feminism ideology are represented simultaneously in the game Nier: Automata. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this article analyses Nier:Automata video game's narrative from feminist perspective, employing Beauvoir's concept of second sex and Foucault's concept of power/knowledge. The result shows that there is a paradox of feminism and anti-feminism ideology in this video game. In Nier Automata, there is a supportive narrative regarding gender equality, which is shown in the depiction of the main character who is independent and strong, but on the other hand, there are female characters represented as obedient and helpless. For instance, 2B as a heroine of this game is represented to be stronger than men characters. Yet, Simone, one of the enemies in Nier:Automata, is depicted as a female who depends to men. The paradox also exists outside of the game world. In Nier: Automata’s official website, the female main character 2B is represented as a strong and independent woman. One of this game distributor company even made her as an icon of International Women’s Day celebration and publish it in their official Instagram account. On the other side, it can be seen from Nier: Automata’s fans’ twitter and online discussion forum that 2B is seen more as a sexual object rather than as a figure of women’s empowerment. These findings reveal the occurrence of feminism and anti-feminism paradox in video game Nier: Automata. Moreover, this paradox can be interpreted as a reflection of the strongly rooted patriarchal ideology within the contemporary Japanese society.
Freistatt : Critics to Poisonous Pedagogy in German Residential Care in the 1960s Nur Aulia, Lisda Liyanti
Freistatt was one of residential care in Germany that used to operate in the 1960s. This place was intended to educate children to be better, but in fact there was a lot of violence found there. Physical and psychological violence as part of children’s education can be seen as part of poisonous pedagogy. Poisonous pedagogy is a traditional child-raising methods characterized by an emphasis on the importance of gaining control over the child. The concept of poisonous pedagogy was first introduced by German educationalist and author Katharina
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 121
Rutschky and later this concept was used by psychologist Alice Miller. This article analyses the aspects of poisonous pedagogy in German Residential Care in the 1960s which were featured in Freistatt. The aim is to explore how the film Freistatt was shown as a critique to the poisonous pedagogy that occured in a German residential care in the 1960s. This can be seen in several aspects presented in the film: obedience as a measure of success in children's education, physical violence against children, sexual violence against children, isolation from the outside world and the repression of children's feelings. The main data used in this study is Freistatt film directed by Marc Brummund. The research method used was a qualitative method by conducting a literature review and in-depth observation of the film. Supporting data were collected from interviews and textual analysis by referring to and evaluating existing concepts, such as child-rearing method, poisonous pedagogy and German residential care. Research findings evaluate and reveal that most parents in 1960s Germany sent their children to residential care because they participated in the economic boom and had no time left for their children. Some women even gave away their children because their new husbands did not want the child of the predecessor. The pedagogical approach to caring for young people in Freistatt at that time included housing in remote rural facilities and hard physical labor. Physical punishment, in part to a drastic extent, was a common means of education in Freistatt. This article will finally reveal the bad side of poisonous pedagogy that has been applied in many German residential care in the 1960s, including Freistatt. It’s seems that poisonous pedagogy do more harm than good for the children and the film Freistatt has shown some criticism to this kind of pedagogy.
Indonesia’s Gender (in)Equality Anwar Kholid
Gender equality has been an important social-political topic in Indonesia since the 1998 political reform. Many milestones have been achieved across government and civil society sectors. However, the mainstream concept of gender in Indonesia is constructed based on gender binary bias which only acknowledges women and men. Indonesia’s gender equality becomes exclusive that those who do not confirm to the binary boundary are excluded. This article aims to question the discourse and practices of gender equality in Indonesia by focusing on the following issues: the influential factors in the construction of gender and the binary construction which creates exclusive discourse and practices of gender equality. Data were collected from library research and interviews by referring to existing concepts on gender, equality and exclusion. Research findings discuss the binary construction of gender in Indonesia which shows power relations between the state and religions. For example, Islamic based organization such as NU, Muhammadiyah and MUI have significant influences in constructing public discourse. While these
122 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
mainstream organization interpret gender based on biological anatomy given by God allowing only two legitimate genders (males as men and females as women), it is not unusual that the government aligns itself by setting a boundary on its definition of gender equaity. The Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection, for example, defines gender equality as an equal situation between men and women in term of fulfilling their rights and obligations to empower the society - women and men – in reducing poverty and improving standard of living. Based on this definition, non-binary people, for example transgenders, have no place in the discourse which lead to their exclusion in the policy practices. Although the efforts to ensure women's rights are still far from enough, but it is important to reflect on reality where the state excludes or being indifference to certain groups who do not confirm to the mainstream norms. This article finally addresses the question on the concept of Indonesia’s gender equality: Is Indonesia’s gender equality still promoting equality if the discourse and practices are excluding certain groups?
Life in “Downton Abbey”: Representation of English Edwardian Social Hierarchy in Downton Abbey (2010) Novia Magda Imanuella Tambunan, Junaidi
England’s Edwardian Era (1901-1914) showed the social gap between the affluent and the poor. The upper-class invested their money on land and built luxurious and large country houses while the lower-class struggle just to stay alive and worked for the affluent. In order to survive, more than one million people in Edwardian England chose to work as domestic servants in the upper- middle-class’ and the upper-class’ houses.During this period, the presence of servants in a house was one of the defining factors which defined social class hierarchy and status. To understand the dynamic of social hierarchy and its meanings in Edwardian society, this research aims to examine the representation of characters, architecture and interior of English country houses as strategies to represent issues of social injustice in English TV Series, Downtown Abbey which was popular in 2010. The story is about an aristocratic family who lives in a magnificent country house and shares their space with their servants. Selected transcripts and scenes from the TV series will be used as data and analysed by employing concepts of representation (Hall:1997), backspace and front space (Goffman:1956) and cinematography and mise-en- scene(Broadwell and Thompson: 2013), this research finds that the series represent strong images of social classes and their everyday life in Edwardian country house which are also enforced by the representations of architecture and interior design of country house’s “upstairs” and “downstairs” area. Careful uses of cinematography aspects in the series complement representation of characters, architecture and interior design to produce certain representations of Edwardian life and social injustice. In addition, research findings evaluate the meanings of representation as suggested by
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 123
Middleton (1999). Downtown Abbey shows that social status and political power of upper middle and upper social class do matters. In doing so, Downtown Abbey TV series re-present the social injustice in Edwardian era.
Masculinity Study: The Demand to be Masculine Portrayed in Meena Kandasamy’s When I Hit You: Or, a Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife (2017) Rahmat Taufik Rangkuti
Violence against women is actually not a new experience faced by women throughout the world. India, which is portrayed as a country that respects and adores women through the story of the Goddess, in fact has complexity in women's issues. This is marked by a surprising finding by the Thomson Reuters Foundation in 2018 which states that India is the world’s most dangerous country for women. Referring to the issue, this article analyses the tendency of male character and its implication for gender inequality. The aims is to reveal how the biographical novel highlights male behavior and his excessive desire to be fully masculine in Indian modern era. This can be seen through the needs and demands of male character (unnamed character) to confine women. The male character is a professor who teaches at renowned institution in India. He belongs to the upper caste. On the basis of misogynistic intentions, he married a young feminist writer after his previous marriage to an upper caste woman ran aground. During a marriage, a male character sees his wife not as a partner but as an opponent to be conquered. Various kinds of violence such as physical, sexual, and intellectual violence were launched as a strategy to oppress wife. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The approach used is the gender approach; Hegemonic Masculinity from Raewyn Connell to see how the power relations of man over women are formed and reorganized to create more masculine power relations. The results indicate that the male character has a tendency and big demands to look very dominant over his wife. Thus, misogynistic views and ideas are not only believed by groups who are deficits in terms of literacy and economics. In other words, groups that have a high level of literacy are very likely to have a misogynistic views.
Politic Gender in the Hearing of Sexual Assault Allegation Against Brett Kavanaugh by Christine Blasey Ford Triana Budi Utami, Muhammad Fuad
Sexual assault allegation against a candidate for the United States Supreme Court in 2018, Brett Kavanaugh by a Palo Alto University lecturer Christine Blasey Ford is one of the sexual assault case that has become national problem
124 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
in the United States. The sexual assault allegedly occurred in 1982, 36 years ago when Kavanaugh and Ford were still in high school. Kavanaugh's supporters and sympathizers regard the accusation as an act of defamation carried out by the opposition party to overthrow Kavanaugh in the nomination of the Supreme Court judge. On the other hand, Ford gained full support from feminists and liberals. As a victim of sexual abuse, Ford's 36-year silence is considered reasonable. Psychologically the victims of sexual abuse are reluctant to report the incident due to fear, shame and trauma to recount their experiences. However the problem of gender and sexual abuse in the United States is often politicized and used as a tool by a certain group to achieve a different goal. This research analyses how gender politics was carried out by Kavanaugh and Ford in Hearing regarding the sexual assault allegation. Gender politics carried out by Kavanaugh and Ford will be analysed and interpreted from their opening statement in the Hearing. The language used in the opening statement represents how they want to be seen and judged by the public, senate and jury. In his opening statement Kavanaugh flatly denied all the accusations filed by Ford. Kavanaugh also stated that he was the one who wanted this hearing to be held immediately so that his name was not more tainted. In addition, the accusations against him are regarded as political circus with severe consequences. On the other hand, in the opening statement, Ford tried to tell in detail about the incident. Although Ford said she did not remember exactly some parts of the day's events, Ford was very confident that Kavanaugh was a person who sexually assaulted her. The hearing ended with a dismissal decided by the White House. Evidence submitted by Ford is considered not enough to bring Kavanaugh to the next trial.
Racism and Antimigrant Ideologies Behind #Aufschrei Nandita Adilfi Eti Riyadi, Maria Regina Widhiasti
This article describes the discourse that was built through the #Aufschrei hashtag during the end of February to the end of March 2019. The hashtag #Aufschrei which was first coined on January 25, 2013, by a German feminist, Anne Wizorek, on Twitter has become a popular topic used by German women in voicing their personal experiences about sexism, verbal abuse, and sexual abuse. This article is a qualitative study using quantitative data in the form of graphs. The data used in this article is obtained from an online tool called Keyhole to obtain data in the form of the top ten tweets with the #Aufschrei hashtag that has the most engagement in a month (February 26 - March 26, 2019). The results of this article indicate that the meaning of tweet with the #Aufschrei hashtag used at the beginning of 2019 is still discussing issues of violence and even murders experienced by German women, but with the ideology of anti-immigrants and anti-refugees (from countries) of Islam behind these tweets.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 125
Reading Moslem’s Tinder Ayopoligami, Intersection of Capital, Gender and Identity Lilawati Kurnia, Nurbaity
In 2017, there were a lot of media coverages on a website that promote polygamy only for moslems. AyoPoligami is a site with intentions of making match between men, who are looking for another wife which could be officially or unofficial or siri. This site has been discussed in the mass media and several studies because of its controversy. The invitation to do polygamy is unacceptable to many Indonesian women, even tough Indonesia has Moslem majority. This case is not only a matter to women whose have rights to their bodies but are create intersections involving the capital, gender, and identity. Mcfarling (2014) has explained in her work, the polygamy website members unassociated with dominant discourses like monogamous marriage but related to intersection of various discourses of marriage, sexuality, gender, religion, and politics. Thus, this paper will discuss three interrelated factors and will show that identity has been used freely by capital for gaining maximum profits and women have become covert commodity. In the past, there had been an informal institution in Minangkabau, makcomblang, whose job was to find brides for the women's family. After the newspaper increasingly published, the matchmaking coloumn in Kompas newspaper became a space to find a mate and it held an event for introducing matchmakers to travel out of town. In 1978, theKontak Kompas rubric was very popular among parents who had single children that passed a young age and tried to find mates. It ended in 2001 along with the reduced popularity of the newspaper and internet matchmaking sites appear. In contrast, internet can be accessed anywhere by anyone, therefore matchmaking sites or referred to now as Tinder made based on certain identities will limit users through a series of formal and written restrictions on the site as well as informal ones such as the linggo used on the site. However, the liberal concept from the West that underlies the search for a mate and prioritizes freedom to choose a partner according to their desire and not by matchmaking. This concept actually adopted by giving Moslem nuances to Moslem matchmaking sites. This paper will examine the phenomenon of shifting traditional into a modern matchmaking by interviewing several users of the site and reviewing the process in a historical framework. In the process, it will be examined the change in the purpose of seeking freedom to become an arranged marriage by a certain identity.
126 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Reconstruction of Bissu in the Novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat (2018) Ais Nurbiyah Al Jumah, Christina T. Suprihatin
Islamization in South Sulawesi brought significant changes to ancestral beliefs of the Buginese community, particularly how bissus’ androgyny, which transcends binary gender construction, is understood. For Buginese people who have converted to Islam, the existence of bissus are difficult to accept since bissus’ gender identity is considered to be in opposition with Islamic teachings and existing social norms. At the same time, although Buginese people have converted to Islam, bissus’ role as customary leaders (pemangku adat) is still needed in rituals of the Buginese people. In addition to massive proliferation of Islamic teachings, bissus’ power and roles as customary leaders were further diminished when the government formally annexed the kingdom of Bugis in 1957. Since then, all practices of customary rituals have been subjected under the regulations of the central government. While bissus occupied important position and were originally believed as special groups of people chosen by the gods, such circumstances brought changes in the role and position of bissus among the Buginese people. Such issue was then responded by numerous writers, one of whom is Faisal Oddang, who wrote about this particular issue in his novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat (2018). This article summarizes the results of a research which analyzes the reconstruction of bissus in Oddang’s work, particularly in depicting them as unholy figures with malice instead of holy people chosen by the gods. This article aims to describe how the text responds to issues around the existence of bissus among the Buginese community which has converted to Islam and criticizes how bissus are culturally commodified. With the theories of objectification as proposed by Strelan & Hargreaves (2005) and Collins (1987), this article applies the method of close reading to describe two bissu characters in the novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat. In terms of analysis, the article firstly focuses on practices of objectification that are experienced by a bissu character in the novel. Secondly, interpretation is built upon the results of the first analysis. It is concluded that the desacralization of bissus within the text creates an image that defies images of bissus among the Buginese people. Such desacralization can also be understood as the text’s strategy of showing bissus’ resistance toward oppression that they experience.
Representation and Deconstruction of Gender Construction in David Levithan’s Every Day (2012) Almasafira Nurarafah, Adriana Rahajeng Mintarsih
David Levithan is an author well-known for writing various young adult fiction with LGBTQ characters as the main focus of the story. According to him, “You get to define who you are. Your body does not get to define who you are. What other people think does not get to define who you are. You get to define who you are and you get to be seen for what you want to be seen” (Espino, 2018, para.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 127
15). His novels are also known for portraying its LGBTQ characters not in a stereotypical way. One of his novels, Every Day (2012) delivers a story about a gender non-conforming character named A who can travel from one’s body to another every single day. Throughout the novel, A who does not possess any bodies has been in the body of men, women, and even LGBTQ individuals. A has also been in a relationship with both men and women and does not want to claim to be one of the genders. The pronoun which is used to address A is the gender-neutral pronoun “they”. The aim of this research is to address how gender construction in society is criticized in the novel Every Day (2012). Applying textual analysis method, this research analyzes the novel’s characters, plot, point of view, and theme using Laura Palazzani’s Gender in Philosophy and Law (2012). Findings show that from the point of view of A, the novel describes gender construction and then challenges it. Power relation between men and women, beauty construction, and also the perception towards LGBTQ community are called into question by A in order to criticize gender construction in society. These results demonstrated that unlike other narratives involving the issues of gender construction which often discuss one viewpoint ‘either conforming or challenging the construction’ or show both viewpoints and reveal ambivalence, the novel Every Day (2012) displays both viewpoint and does not show ambivalence.
Representation of Black Masculinity in the TV Series Criminal Minds Sarah Khansa Agharid, Muhammad Fuad
The representation of black masculinity in popular culture is mostly negative, such as the stereotype of black men as hypersexual, violent criminals, and drug addicts. This article analyses how black masculinity is portrayed, constructed, and performed through Criminal Minds' character Derek Morgan, an African- American FBI agent in the series. Criminal Minds is a TV series produced by CBS and the story revolves around the FBI’s Behavioral Analysis Unit to profile serial killers and catch the suspects before they strike again. The aim is to see whether the images of Derek Morgan‚Äôs character are empowering, or it is only showing the stereotype of black men. This research will interpret Criminal Minds’ episodes by examining related scenes and actions and the dialogues used. Research findings show that to some extent, Morgan’s character tackles the stereotype of black masculinity and tries to empower black men. However, negative stereotypes of black masculinity are still attached to the character. For example, in terms of achievement, Derek Morgan is pictured in accomplished roles, such as being a supervisory special agent at the FBI, and he was chosen as an acting Behavioral Analysis Unit chief by temporarily replacing Agent Hotchner (a white man). This representation of high achievement is atypical for a black man in police procedural drama series such as Criminal Minds. On the other hand, in terms of physical appearance, Morgan’s character is depicted as the muscle of the team. He has an athletic
128 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
body and is always the one who kicks the door and uses physical strength to catch the suspect. The depiction of an athletic black man is a stereotype that reinforces aggressiveness associated with black masculinity. These contrasting representations of black masculinity illustrate the difficulty to positively portray a black man character without using the conventional stereotypes of black masculinity. This article will finally reveal whether or not this character is reconstructing black masculinity and empowering black men.
Representation of Domestic Violence That Occurred in The TV Series 'Big Little Lies' and Its Correlation with Myths About Women Meidia Rea Smithiana
The series of “Big Little Lies” was first released in the United States on February 19, 2017. The shooting location was using the beautiful scenery of Monterey, California, referring to the original background of the story in the novel which was around the northern coast of Sydney. This series was based on a novel with similar title written by Liane Moriarty. The entire episode in the first season was written by David E. Kelley and directed by Andrea Arnold. "We see you, we hear you and we will tell your stories." —Reese Witherspoon, Golden Globes, January 7, 2018. Reese Witherspoon was one of the executive producer and actress—portraying the character of Madeline Martha Mackenzie—for this series. According to her speech at the Golden Globes 2017, she was empathetic for women who experience similar events as the characters. She determined to make this series as a form of expression for those who relate to the novel and series. Many myths circulating in the community that women are weak creatures. Women are often considered weak because they are said to be not as strong as men physically. Moreover, women are said to be more expressive in showing their emotions than men. For example, when they cry. This is related to the discourse that women are considered worthy and deserve to cry in public places because they are actually ‘weak creatures’, while men who cry openly in public places are considered as ‘weak’ and do not deserve the rights to be a ‘real man’. The research objective is to find out the representation of domestic violence in the television series ‘Big Little Lies' and to see the connection between characters and myths about women. This paper is expected to be a reference for other researchers to see perspectives on myths about women in pop culture through the characters portrayed in the TV series. The subject of this study is the television series titled 'Big Little Lies'. The primary data used in this study were transcripts and videos from the 'Big Little Lies' television series. Observations on serials may include taking the screenshoots from the series and how the characterization and relationships between characters. Secondary data used in this study are a number of articles on credible sites regarding review, criticism, and analysis of the television series. The close reading reading technique is used to analyze these articles.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 129
Small Step Towards Awareness of Sexual Assault: An Analysis of the Film 27 Steps of May (2019) Maria Regina Widhiasti
The film 27 Steps of May tells a story mainly in visual language. This film builds the narrative with minimal verbal communication, yet it manages to convey messages through signs. This film illustrates the (forced) silence of sexual assault survivors in Indonesia, where more often than not people who experience sexual assault become victims at least twice. The first is when they were sexually assaulted and then they still have to face pressure and prolonged trauma. In general, it will lead to depression because the victims are unable to express their feelings, and conversely, the people around them were unable to understand what they were experiencing. The film 27 Steps of May also reminds the audience that sexual violence would affect not merely the survivor but also those around them. By analyzing the scenes and decoding the signs in 27 Steps of May, this article aims to provide an overview of the difficulty to overcome the trauma experienced by sexual violence survivor in Indonesia. Lack of understanding and empathy, incompetence and stigma, as well as other obstacles, such as economic conditions, trap many sexual violence survivors in their own shattered lives. Moreover, they also have to resolve their own trauma and make peace with themselves. In addition, the film also illustrates how blinded the Indonesian people are to this issue. Therefore, by conducting this research, this article intends to contribute to the discussion regarding sexual assault. This article also aims to build awareness that the sexual assault of survivors need not only empathy, patience, and understanding, but also professional counseling, long-term and better society assistance that can protect its members from sexual assault or any other crimes. In other words, we need a better society, because the best prevention method for sexual assault is to educate people not to assault others. The film also gives a painful picture of injustice that is usually experienced by the sexual assault survivors. Many want to end the vicious circle: an assault causes deep trauma, which makes the traumatized victim shut themselves in silence. Meanwhile, the predator walks free, thinking that it is okay to do it. It is only natural if you accidentally live and death in purpose. The people around the victim would be angry and revenge might lead to another wounded soul in a broken society.
130 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Subverting the Patriarch through Silence: A Feminist Resistance in Mrs. Noah’s Pocket Dina Novita Tuasuun, Dhita Hapsarani
Noah and the flood story are one of the canonical texts from the Bible. It is one of the story children love to hear and thus it has been retold and adapted in different modes of writing and perspectives in children’s books. Landy (2007) identified the story has become part of the canon in modern children’s literature, along with Winnie the Pooh, Peter Rabit, Thomas the Tank Engine, and Curious George. As the canonical narrative itself centered on Noah’s faith ¬†and obedience to God in building the ark to save his family and the animals, there are rooms left for imaginations. One of them is the absence of Noah’s wife from the narrative. Even though she is mentioned as she is barely mentioned in the story, thus leaving rooms for writers to develop stories related to Mrs. Noah or from Mrs. Noah’s perception. Among the proliferation of Noah stories for children, there are books such as Noah‚Äôs Wife (1998) by Marty Rhodes Figley; Noah’s Wife: The Story of Naamah (2002) by Rabbi Sandy Eisenberg Sasso and Bethanne Andersen; Mrs.Noah’s Vegetable Ark (2011) by Elena Pasquali and Steve Lavis; and Mrs.Noah’s Pocket (2018) by Jackie Morris, illustrated by James Mayhew. Compared to the other stories about Mrs. Noah who mostly developed around the idea that Mrs. Noah is given the role by God as the garden keeper, the naration and illustration of Mrs. Noah’s Pockets conveys a more subversive message against patriarchy. By using Joan Riviera’s Womanliness as a Masquerade (1929) and the Rhetoric of Silence (2004) by Cheryl Glenn’s, this paper will examine that the silence of Mrs. Noah throughout which at the beginning of the story indicates the womanliness of Mrs. Noah, is actually a political strategy to resist the domination of the patriarch, Mr. Noah.
Supernatural Woman and Female Agency in the War in The Foreshadowing (2006) Anindita Larasati, Dhita Hapsarani
One way female characters navigate their way through a patriarchal society is by utilizing their agency. In a society that puts them in a powerless position and inferior to men, they derive agency from their own intelligence, imagination, innocence, or independence. Supernatural power can be another form of power they are endowed. The Foreshadowing (2006) is a children’s literature set in England and France during World War I. Unlike most war-themed children’s literature, the main character is a teenage girl named Alexandra. What also sets this novel apart is the use of supernatural power as a source of agency for Alexandra. Using theory on gender hegemony by Schippers (2007) and female agency by Trites (1997), this research examines Alexandra, her father, her mother, Tom, and Jack. The aim of this research is to shed more light on the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 131
discussion about female agency and women’s position in patriarchal society through examining the characters in this supernatural story. This research will contribute to the discussion by providing a thorough analysis on the portrayal of the female heroine in the context of war. The method that will be used in this research is library research in which previous research papers and journal articles are gathered from online sources. The findings show that the novel is ambivalent in its portrayal of supernatural power in relation to female agency. On the one hand, the novel demonstrates that supernatural power is such a powerful tool that it poses a threat to the patriarchal system represented through the father. Alexandra is shown to be utilizing her agency with the help of supernatural power to overcome the boundaries set by gender roles during that time. On the other hand, this novel is still limited by Victorian gender roles because it gives no room for the female character to take part actively in the war.
Susan's Disempowering Portrayal in the Novel and Film of The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian Eddline Kusuma, Dhita Hapsarani
Women empowerment is often used in films to bring forward female characters whose voices and actions are often put in the background. Agency, voice, and power are inter-connected elements in helping to shape an empowered female figure. The film adaptation of The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008) takes a different approach in delivering the story which results in significant differences in the plot and Susan Pevensie’s character who is portrayed to be more empowering in the film than in the novel. Research findings show how Susan is portrayed to be a vain female character who is only interested in the worldly superficial affairs in the Narnia novels. However, other research state that Susan's portrayal in the novels is not to undervalue femininity and despite the claims of the author's misogyny, Susan does not lack strengths and weaknesses compared to the male characters. Moreover, previous research about The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008) film adaptation have discussed about power structures and sexism towards Susan’s portrayal by pairing her with a romantic character as a plot change for the film. Nevertheless, another research discusses about the way the film gives a portrayal of Susan who can stand on her own ground alongside the male characters. This research aims to show that although in the film Susan is portrayed to be more empowering, it still does not fully empower Susan. There are several depictions that position Susan as an inferior character. By using agency theory by Trites (1997), representation theory by Hall (1997), and elements of film analysis by Bordwell and Thompson (2013), this research aims to identify the differences in Susan’s depictions compared to the male characters and analyze her agency, voice, and power in the novel and film of The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian. The result shows Susan’s positioning
132 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
in the film is not so much different from her positioning in the novel. She is still positioned as a character who is inferior to the male characters. Although Susan is portrayed as an empowered female character through the changes of the plot and her visual representation, the film still falls into the trap of gender stereotypes. Some mise-en-scene in the film still represent the patriarchal system in its gender stereotyped portrayal which is counterproductive to the effort of the film to empower Susan.
The Authenticity of Death: A Study of Tillich Existentialism within Lyudmila Ulitskaya’s Веселые Похороны/The Funeral Party Rekha Nur Alisha, Thera Widyastuti
This article aims to reveal the main character’s approach towards achieving authenticity despite his soon death through studying the actions, and choices that he makes within the text in accordance with Tillich’s existentialism. Tillich is influenced by Heidegger’s existentialism. Heidegger states that human achieves authenticity when they realize, and also accept to become human consists of both being and nonbeing. Authenticity is gained through the acceptance of the notion that human is a finite individual in an infinite universe. Being for Heidegger is thus the affirmation of human towards nonbeing. Tillich declared his theory “The Courage To Be” in 1952. This theory consists of three major concepts: first, the courage to be as oneself, is when human affirms themselves as a unique and free individual although their being is threatened by nonbeing. Second, the courage to be as a part, is when human affirms themselves as an active participant within their community. Third, the courage to accept acceptance, is when human affirms and accepts their being as a whole. The Веселые Похороны/The Funeral Party is novel by Lyudmila Ulitskaya as a corpus in this article. Alik is the main character in this novel who has very sick, and he could not move from the bed. Under these circumstances, Ulitskaya described the character of Alik by characterizing a person who was not afraid of death, and instead considered death as something that must have happened to him. Alik realized and accepted this fact without hesitation, he welcomed his death as he welcomed an old friend. He also uses the rest of his time by spending time with people he loves. The problem is how the main character act when he faces his death, and the aim of the research is the achievement of the authenticity of Alik's existence when facing death through the attitude’s and behavior that Alik does based on Heidegger and Tillich's existentialism. The research method used in this article is descriptive analysis and it uses literature study as the technique to collect the data.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 133
The Concept of Ideal Woman in Verbal Abuse: Analysis of Korean Movie “Kim Bok-Nam Salinsageonui Jeonmal” Izzatun Nafsi, Putu Pramania Adnyana
Kim Bok-nam Salinsageonui Jeonmal, also known as Bedevilled, is a movie that highlights the thick patriarchal culture in Korea and issues related to gender equality. In this movie verbal abuse becomes a media to voice the concept of ideal women in Korean society which still strongly embedded in patriarchal values. Verbal abuse is the behavior of constantly using words to instill self-doubt in the victim and to build a sense of dominance and control for the offender. This type of abuse can be classified as gender based violence. This violence is used as a tool to control and curb autonomy and sexual behavior, and is perpetuated by norms that contain expectations about the role of each gender. People with a history of verbal abuse are vulnerable to show a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety and dissociation. The central issue of this paper is how verbal violence against women in the Kim Bok-nam film Salinsageonui Jeonmal was used as a way to convey the concept of ideal women in Korean society. This study aims to describe the types of verbal violence used to convey the concept of ideal women. The research uses descriptive analysis method, starting with collecting data relating to the utterances of verbal abuse, marking scenes that display verbal violence speech in the film and then classifying it based on Bosch (2004). The classification is used as a basis for analyzing and interpreting the utterances of verbal abuse as a medium to deliver the ideal concepts of woman in this movie. The results showed that there were six types of verbal violence used in the movie, which are Judging and Criticizing, Threatening, Discounting, Accusing and Blaming, Ordering, and Blocking and Diverting. Judging and Criticizing type is the most frequently used verbal abuse types in the movie. In addition, the concept of ideal women delivered includes the role of women in work, household, manners, and society.
Tolerance as an Act of Love in Medea and Her Children: A Buberian Reading Helena Darcy, Thera Widyastuti
This article focuses on interpersonal relationships of Medea in the novel Medea and Her Children (1996) by Lyudmila Ulitskaya. Published in the Post-Soviet era, Medea and Her Children has motherhood and kinship among its other themes and is overflowing with female characters, making it notable to researches on women’s fiction as a part of the Russian literature. The theme of motherhood in this novel accentuates a contradiction as the protagonist Medea was a childless figure as much as she was motherly. This article examines the protagonist Medea through the lens of Martin Buber’s philosophical concept of relation and love. Martin Buber’s theory rooted in an examination of human beings’ mode of existences. Buber classified them into
134 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
two kinds of relations an individual would enter when engaging the others; I-It and I-You. The I-It relation posits the others as a means to an end. I-It does not give room for the wholeness of being as it requires only a part of a person. The I-You relation, on the other hand, is a relation of mutuality, directness, and presence. Entering a reciprocal relation of I-You nature lets a human being to co-exist with the others. Buber stood to maintain the attempt of establishing an I-You relation, which serves as a subject-subject relation. Having a protagonist of mixed identities and diversity among its characters, Medea and Her Children served as an excellent material for a discussion of the importance of tolerance within, above all, Russian society. Pertaining to Buber’s theory, this article demonstrates how approaching others with an attitude of an I-You relation brings forth a tolerant stance from the person. The discussion for tolerance as a theme in Ulitskaya’s oeuvre has been done in article Liudmila Ulitskaia’s Literature of Tolerance (2009) by Benjamin M. Sutcliffe. This article, however, aims to analyze the tolerance as a by-product of an established I-You relation. This research used literature study as the technique to collect the data and descriptive analysis as the method. Initially exploring the nature of the relationships between Medea and three of her relatives; Georgii, Nike, and Alexandra, then identifying the love shown by Medea in accordance to Buber’s concept, this article ultimately argues that Medea’s tolerance is an act of love, thus functions as her attainment of existential authenticity.
TRANSGRESSIVE SEXUALITY IN EKA KURNIAWAN’S AND VIRGINIE DESPENTES’ NOVELS Witakania Sundasari, Aquarini Priyatna, Christine Baron
This article discusses the issue of sexuality in Eka Kurniawan’s first novel Cantik Itu Luka and Virginie Despentes’ first novel Baise-moi. And it is these females who conduct the transgression in a way that displays their agency and subjectivity. Since their publication, the two novels have each stirred up a scandal. Scandal implies transgression, a situation when norms are violated, rules ignored, and order disrupted. Written by two novelists from two different cultures, Indonesian and French, both novels problematize sexuality as a social construct created by social institutions. Sexuality is thus understood both as a discourse and an ideology. In this context, heteronormativity is a discourse and a patriarchal ideology which maintain the perception that heterosexuality is the natural form of sexuality and is thus universally fixed in nature. Heteronormativity, characterized by heterosexual relationship and reproductive goals, is instrumentalized, normalized, and claimed as “truth”. Though set in different cultures, both novels present through narration and characterization a kind of sexuality that refuses to conform to normative construction of sexuality. By subverting normative sexuality, the novels present the agency of their characters who, consciously and deliberately practice, perform, and express their sexuality by deviating from the generally accepted
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 135
norms in the context of their culture. More than a mere transgressive act, transgressive sexuality constitutes an important part of the characters’ subjectivity. There are a number of previous studies that probe into the issue of sexuality. This study, however, is concerned particularly with the issue of transgression, which Eka Kurniawan and Virginie Despentes manifest at both story and narrative levels. Exploring the narrative elements, characteristics, and function and their implication on the issue of sexuality, this article uses feminist narratology as its methodology and argues that narrative strategies are used in both novels to present and problematize transgressive sexuality and to show how transgressive sexuality is used to serve the authors’ expression as feminist statement.
Understanding Grief and Symbolism in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Galih Bramantyo, Marti Fauziah Aristuti
Grief is an intense feeling of loss that can happen to men and women. Studies on grief have often been seen from gender and psychological perspectives. This study specifically looks at how people react toward grief in the movie Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017). It aims to analyse tensions of anger as portrayed through symbolism and violent grief among the major characters of the movie. This study uses the qualitative research method. The data are collected from the context of the situation and several signs in some scenes in the movie, and meanings of the signs are analysed by using Barthes’ (1964) denotative and connotative meanings theory. This study has found that unlike the gender stereotype in which men are often described as more composed and not as open as women in expressing their grief, the male and female characters in the movie are portrayed to behave beyond the stereotype. The gender differences in dealing with grief are an indication of this. For example, there is a change in the grieving style of the main female character, from being inoffensive and intuitive to becoming more aggressive and destructive. In comparison, the male characters remain static in their grieving style. In addition, grief in this movie is symbolized through the presence of the deer and the numbness of the main female character in one of the scenes. Meanwhile, fire and pain in the movie symbolize anger, courage, and purification. Lastly, it has been found that there are two similarities across gender in the reactions to grief. These commonalities are the violent actions and the triggers of crying, which can be categorized into several causes, such as separation and loss, failure, anger, and guilt. In other words, this movie’s portrayal of grief indicates that the movie industry no longer relies on clear-cut gender stereotypes in its depictions of bereavement.
136 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Women in Sixt’s Advertising Videos in 2018 Syahila Minda, Maria Regina Widhiasti
Sixt is one of the world's leading car rental companies, which started its business in Germany in 1912. To promote its services, Sixt used to print and digital media. In addition to placing print advertisements in various mass media and strategic places in public spaces, Sixt also makes car rental applications and actively creates video advertisements. This study analyzes the video advertisements made by Sixt Germany throughout 2018 with a focus on research on women's representation in car rental advertisements. Based on the semiotic analysis carried out on five video ads, this study found that Sixt ad videos uploaded on the Sixt Youtube channel in 2018 still show objectivity to women, although not as a dominant part of Sixt's ads as a whole. The Sixt ad video also shows women involved in Sixt's business, which are displayed on par with male colleagues.
Women's Rebellion Against Poverty Thera Widyastuti
Women's lives are generally in the domestic, where women do to raising children, taking care of their families, and husbands. Women are under the rule of men who always dominate their lives. Male domination applies among patriarchal. Men as superior, and women as inferior. Patriarchal are found in many parts of the world, they always treat women as inferior. Many women are unable to resist this situation and surrender to accepting their situation. Novel Gadis Pesisir written by Ninuk Y Kusmiana in 2014 raised the story of women's lives and their problems. She is a famous writer who received many awards for her works. One of them is Lengking Burung Kasuari has win the Jakarta Arts Council novel competition 2016, and the second winner of the Kusala Sastra Khatulistiwa Literature 2017. Novel Gadis Pesisir tell the lives of fishermen on the island of Irian in 1970. They live poorly and are very dependent on nature and the sea to feed them. The main character in this novel is Halijah, a young girl who lives as a poor fisherman child. She must work hard to help her parents do homework. She wants to rebel against the poor life she lived during her life. The problem in this article is the way of women motivate themselves to be better positioned in fishermen village on the island of Irian. While the purpose of this research is to find out the position of women among fishermen village. The research method used in this article is descriptive analysis and it uses literature study as the technique to collect the data. Gender role theory, power relations and sociology of literature are used to examine the existing problems, besides the theory of character in this novel. The description of existing data is done so that this article can run as expected. The findings data are described in such a way that they are analyzed.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 137
SUBTHEME: INTERDISCIPLINARITY IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS: AN INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVE
Accommodating the English verb in Russian: A case study of čilit’ Zweta Manggarani
The Russian language has many rules and even more with exceptions. In its long history of language contacts, lexical borrowing is quite common but as Thomason (2001) noted; such like borrowings in most languages of the world, the borrowed words are usually in the form of adjectives and nouns, and very rarely  in the form of verbs. Fast forward to post-Soviet era, English words flooded Russian vocabulary. Distant contact via social media helps to facilitate lexical borrowings, including one instance of borrowed English verb found extensively in the internet ‘to chill’ EN > čilit’ RUS ‘to rest, relax’. Such adaptation of verb stem is not unfamiliar to Wohlgemuth’s typology of verbal borrowing (2007). Findings via Instagram hashtags (#) shows that the verb has a complete set of verbal conjugation and its own form of intransitive reflexive with the suffix čilit’sja, with some inflected forms. Although the study of language contact between English and Russian has been vastly studied, this research is the first one to look into borrowing in the form of verb in Russian. With more than 32.000 individual words as the language data from Instagram shows, this article will explore the structure of the loan verb, its uses in sentences and the motivations behind its use. One methodological issue is of course concerning the privacy issues, specifically the method to obtain language data, will be touched upon. At the end of the article, the author will propose two future research which can be conducted; i) in the field of semantic and/or cognitive studies to better understand the rich nuances of the meaning behind the verb and ii) a survey of Russian borrowed verbs from English as the Northern American English is currently dominating the language scene, especially in the ever transient world of the internet.
A discourse analysis on Logan Paul’s apology tweet and video: Are they apologetic enough? Poppy Amalia Binraya, Yasmine Anabel Panjaitan
In the world full of Internet stars, Logan Paul raised to the occasion as a “physical comedian” in a 6-second video application called Vine before he finally took his fame to YouTube due to Vine’s shutting down. Paul started to upload comedy skits and daily vlogs, and he gained almost 19 million of subscribers. In the beginning of 2018, Paul made quite a commotion by bringing one of the biggest internet controversies, which was the filming of a dead body
138 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
that he found during his visit to the Japanese Suicide Forest. Although he apologized for his mistakes, the audience just was not convinced by his words. This research is conducted to answer three questions: Is the first apology apologetic enough? Is there any improvement made in the second apology? Is the second apology apologetic enough? There have been some analyses about Paul’s apologies that were conducted to see if he was being sincere or not, but they were mostly through the point of view of public relations. Among these analyses, there has never been one that analyzes his apologies from the perspective of linguistics. To fill the gap, this research is conducted to study the apology from the linguistics point of view. By providing analysis from another perspective, this study will give the outlook on how to analyze an apology based on the language that is used, and how apologetic it can be rather than looking at how successful it can be. Using qualitative method and frameworks by Blum- Kulka, House & Kasper (1989), Benoit (1995), Schmitt, Gollwitzer, F√∂rster & Montada (2004), and Lutzky & Kehoe (2017), this paper will reveal that Paul’s first attempt at apologizing was not apologetic enough, and that his second apology was more apologetic. By looking at the results, it can be gathered that there are ways to analyze a public apology besides from the perspective of public relations, and that linguistics can be one of them. It can also be considered a neutral way of analyzing an apology because it analyzes the apology solely from the language and the components without factoring other aspects, such as people’s pre-existing knowledge of the wrongdoer.
Affixation Errors by Japanese Students Learning Indonesian Fitri Shindy Fajriah, Mohammad Umar Muslim
Language errors often occur in the process of learning a second language. One of the most common errors made by foreign students who are learning Indonesian is the use of affixes (Muslim 2015). In this study we want to examine errors in using Indonesian affixes by Japanese students learning Indonesian. This study is an elaboration of the previous study by Muslim (2015) who identified types of grammatical errors made by Japanese students learning Indonesian by focusing on errors in affixation. Specifically, we want to know what types of affixation errors made by Japanese students learning Indonesian and offer factors which might cause the errors. The data source of this research is 75 writings of 21 second year students of the Tokyo University Foreign Studies (TUFS) Indonesian Language Department, Japan. The writings were taken from the Mid Semester Writing Examination and Final Semester Writing Examination in two semesters of the 2014/2015 academic year. From the writings, there were 86 words containing errors in affixation which consist of 73 verbs and 13 nouns. These words were classified into three types of errors: (1) the absence of affixes, (2) the addition of affixes, (3) the inaccuracy of affixes. It was found that the most frequent type of errors is the absence of affixes that occur in 46 words (42 verbs and 4 nouns), followed by the inaccuracy
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 139
of affixes that occur in 21 words (16 verbs and 5 nouns), and then the addition of affixes that occur in 19 words (15 verbs and 4 nouns). Overall, during two semesters errors in verbal affixation decrease, whereas errors in nominal affixation increase albeit not significant. The factors that might cause the errors include language influence/interference from Japanese to Indonesian, simplification of complexities in Indonesian affixation, and internal development in the students’ language system. Findings from this study can contribute to the generalization of errors made by foreigners learning Indonesian. They can also contribute to the teaching Indonesian for foreigners, especially for Japanese students.
Allusion in Corat-coret di Toilet by Eka Kurniawan as Social Criticism Nitrasattri Handayani, Cantika Lydia Ayu Mandira
Criticism is a condemnation or a response towards a matter, either positive or negative. Social criticism is a response towards social phenomena circling around a particular society, addressed in spoken or written. Criticism is not always expressed straightforwardly, it can be in a form of allusion. An allusion is expressed in addressing a social criticism. Social criticism is likely to be expressed in a varied forms of media, a work of literature, for instance. In a work of literature, there are a number of social criticism expressed in allusion. One of literature works taking the advantage of allusion in expressing social criticism is Corat-coret di Toilet compiled by Eka Kurniawan. The research focuses the use of allusion expressions in short stories compilation Corat-coret di Toilet as the media of social criticism. This research is a qualitative-based study. To fulfill the research requirements, the twelve short stories in the compilation are taken as the data. The data is collected through library study of linguistic analysis, allusion and social criticism. The analysis in this study is based on the theory of allusion according to Keraf (2001) and the theory of criticism according to Eagleton (2007). The research is aimed at 1) describing allusion identified in Corat-coret di Toilet as a media of social criticism, and 2) uncovering the meaning of allusion identified in Corat-coret di Toilet as a media of social criticism. The result of the research has revealed that there are 32 quotes exposing allusion. The allusion identified are irony, cynicality, sarcasm, satire, and innuendo. The analysis has exposed that satire is the most allusion frequently used. Meanwhile, irony is the least used. Besides that, the analyisis shows that social criticism in short story compilation Corat-coret di Toilet is addressed to oppose the point of view of foreign people towards native Indonesians during Dutch Colony, New Order era, and daily society behaviour.
140 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Analysing The Meaning of Hate Speech by Werner Steer to Mesut Özil Galuh Triastuti Cahyaningtyas, M. Sally H. L. Pattinasarany
This paper focuses on the contextual meaning of the utterances said by Werner Steer to Mesut Özil written by Mesut Özil in a release press statement stating that Mesut Özil left the German national football team. The corpus data of this research is a press release of the departure of Mesut Özil from the German national football team issued through a personal twitter account owned by Mesut Özil (@MesutÖzil1088) on July 22, 2018 at 5:52 p.m. In this paper, Werner Steer's words were analyzed because in the release press Mesut Özil wrote the words Werner Steer said twice, while the other utterances that also discriminated against Mesut Özil were only mentioned once so that the utterances uttered by Werner Steer were considered as statements that reinforced the reasons Mesut Özil quit the German national team. One function of language is emotive function which means that through the language, emotions or feelings of the speaker can be conveyed. Analysis of the meaning of hate speech that uses invective word is interesting to study because the use of invective words in everyday conversation often leads to a double understanding. The speech partner can interpret the invective word as a form of intimacy with the speaker or even the partner feels that the speaker is really expressing his dislike. For this reason, this study aims to find out the meaning of the invective words spoken by Werner Steer to Mesut Özil by relating them to the existing context. The method used in this study is qualitative research that focuses on researching the meaning of the invective words spoken. The theory used in this study is the theory of Hannapel/Melenk about how contextual meaning can be formed, namely by linking a word to the current situation, personal experience, semantic components of meaning and norms and interpretations that apply to society. The swear words that Werner Steer uses in utterances of hatred that he uttered are not only mean hatred and express the frustration of speakers, but also contain racist elements that discriminate against Mesut Özil. Of the five invective words analyzed, four words contain racist elements, namely the words verpiss, scheiss, Türkensau and Türkenschwein, while the word idiot is only a swear word that does not contain racist elements in it.
Analysis of Metaphors In the Songs Titled Zeitloses Lied I-V from the Stageplay Ab Heute Heißt Du Sara Nabila Candani Hikmat, Leli Dwirika
Metaphor is one of the most used figure of speech that people use to express their ideas, the expressions of which aren’t always explicit. It is used in so many instances of daily life, including, but not limited to, literary works, such as poems, narratives, and stageplay scripts. Similar to the use of metaphor in poems and narratives, in stageplay scripts metaphors are used to build up the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 141
atmosphere of the story performed in the stageplay. The object of research in this paper is the stageplay titled Ab Heute Heißt Du Sara, written by Volker Ludwig and Detlef Michel, that tells the struggle of a jewish family in the midst of a NAZI occupied by Germany. This stageplay incorporates the use of musical in its performance, which are applied through the songs that are sung at the end of several scenes. Those songs, specifically the ones that are titled as Zeitloses Lied I-V are the main focus of this research. The main objective of this research is to analyze the metaphors that are used in the songs. The type of metaphors used and the source domain of metaphors will be analysed based on the theories on metaphor by Gerhard Kurz. The elements that build the metaphors will be analyzed based on the theories of Knowles and Moon. To determine the source domain of them, the analysis will be based on the theory about structural metaphor by Lakoff and Johnsen. In addition to the linguistic aspects of the metaphors and their meanings will also be analyzed within the context of the stageplay, which, in this case, are the scenes that are depicted on stage, and the events that took place within the plot. The results of this research show, that out of the 13 metaphors found in those five songs, the majority of them contains what is called a creative metaphor. And the most used source domain in the metaphors are found is animals.
Bugis Sinjai Language Phonological Interference to English Language Riswani, Myrna Laksman-Huntley, Harwintha Yuhria Anjarningsih
Phonological interference is when a speaker identifies the first language phoneme system and applies it to the second language (Weinreich, 2010). It happens in Sinjai regency, Indonesia whose people speak Indonesian language as well as Bugis Sinjai language who are also exposed to English (studied in secondary level (Mulyasa, 2013)). Weinreich (2010) focuses on phoneme change, in accordance with Tamrin (2010), Saharuddin (2016), and Kuwing (2017). However, position has an important role as well. Therefore, this research focuses on phonemes and phoneme positions in syllables, complementing results of previous research. Consequently, we aim to identify phonological interference from Bugis Sinjai and Indonesian languages to English and the cause(s). Bugis Sinjai has the following signature features : 1) does not have the consonants /v/ and /z/; 2) /p/ and /c/ found only in KKV (consonant germination); 4) words end with the nasal consonant /ŋ/ and glottal stop /ʔ/; and 5) /w/ is borrowed from Konjo language (Herawati, 2013). Furthermore, Indonesian as the language of educational instruction that has phonemes and phoneme positions not found in Bugis Sinjai may cause interference, such as consonants other than /ŋ/ and /ʔ/ occurring word finally. This qualitative research (Cresswell, 2014) incorporates participants who are 3rd grade high school students with outstanding English ability; 2 senior university students taking English studies, and 2 high school English teachers and uses 150 words taken from World English. The words contain
142 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
phonemes and phoneme positions not occurring in Bugis Sinjai (e.g., /n/ in the word /plæn/). The speech is recorded following Sudaryanto (2015) and transcribed phonetically. Lastly, the data are rated by 5 native English raters. Only the results approved by at least four raters (80%) are analyzed. The result shows there is interference in the phonemes and phoneme positions falling under under-differentiation of phonemes and actual phone subtutions (Weinreich, 2010) influenced by both Bugis Sinjai and Indonesian languages. For instance, the changing of phoneme sound is from /z/ to/s/, whereas the changing of phoneme position is from /n/ to /ŋ/ syllable finally influenced by Bugis Sinjai. The influence of Indonesian is in the change of phonemes at specific positions, such as consonant sounds other than /ŋ/ and /ʔ/ word finally. Moreover, the influence of both languages is in sound changes such as /ϴ/ to /t/, /ð/ to /d/. Accuracy is highest in the teacher group. Word final positions do not influence the voicing of phonemes produced.
Code Switching in Group Chats of Instant Messaging Applications among Indonesian Junior High School Teenagers Wilda Khairani, Sri Munwarah
In general, Indonesian teenagers in junior high schools (SMPs) are bilinguals, or even multilinguals. This is why code-switching symptoms are often found in their utterances. In this Internet era, teenagers switch codes not only in face- to-face interactions but also in mediated communication, e.g. instant messaging applications. This present study focuses on the code-switching among junior high school students in two instant messaging applications: WhatsApp and Line. The informants came from three different SMPs. The main research problem is how code-switching can be formed from the influence of languages other than Indonesian. The study is aimed at explaining the types of code-switching, their language patterns, and the cause(s) of the code switching. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Muysken’s theory (2011) was applied to examine the code-switching types. Holmes theory (2013) was adapted to analyze the cause(s). There are four main results. First, these teenagers possess the skills to mix units from other languages with Indonesian units. This is demonstrated by the occurrences of several teenage slangs combining Indonesian elements with those of other languages. Second, these teenagers are able to switch codes at any language ranks: phonemes, affixes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Third, they are well-receptive to mix various languages (English, Arabic, Korean, Hebrew, Javanese, and Sundanese) into their utterances. Foreign languages were used as the result of globalization and the demands of the Internet era, whereas the appearances of certain vernacular languages were influenced by the ethnic backgrounds of informants. Fourth, the teenagers switched codes because of several factors: topics, participants, solidarity, status, and affective function. The topic factor can be subdivided into topic organization, customary use of terms, taboo topics,
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 143
and emphases. The participant factor consists of solidarity and satire. The status factor is subdivided into the ethnic identity and younger generation. There have been numerous previous studies on code switching in teenager interactions. However, there are no previous research which focuses on code- switching in instant messaging applications. Therefore, the present study can contribute to the contemporary description of codeswitching found in the teenager interactions in mediated communication.
Cohesion and Coherence in Three-Year-Old Child’s Narrative (A Psycholinguistics Study) Savira Mega Putri
Language is a tool for human to communicate, deliver a message, tell a story, read a poem, and so on. However, language is something to acquire by children in which its process is learned in the field of psycholinguistics. Children’s language development, in another way, can be seen through their narratives. This research aims to evaluate the cohesion and coherence in a three-year-old child’s narrative. The subject of study is specified to a three-year-old boy whose parents are highly educated and read him a book regularly, living in a big city, attending a preschool for ten months, and already collected more than 100 children’s storybooks. Based on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, in the stage of preoperational (age 2 to 7) do not yet understand concrete logic and cannot mentally manipulate information. The method of the research is by conducting natural observation through recording the moments when the child is telling a story on his own desire. Data were collected in scope of cross- sectional research design, that is once in a month and accomplished for three months. This research is moving along to discern the development of cohesion and coherence produced by the child. Research findings evaluate the cohesive devices are not yet functioned properly, but are progressing along with the cognitive development of the child. For example, in the first observation, the use of but is frequently occurs in some clauses even if they are not contradictory. A month later, however, the use of but is not produced at random anymore, instead emerges once correctly. Furthermore, by this age, the child is not yet capable to produce a coherent text. As found in the first observation, there were six characters introduced but none of them were reiterated throughout the stories. Nevertheless, in the second take, the coherence can be seen in a maximum four clauses within the whole stories. This article will finally reveal that the children language develops rapidly along with the cognitive development which can be observed through their narratives.
144 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Collocation of Terhadap in Indonesian Language Raya Jayawati Ratnawilis Amanah Notonegoro, Totok Suhardijanto
This study discusses the word terhadap as a preposition in Indonesian language. As a preposition, terhadap has different meanings according to its context in each sentences, such as ‘to’, ‘for’, ‘against’, and ‘towards’. Over the years, many Indonesian linguists, have speculated that the context which caused terhadap to have different meanings in different sentences is collocation, the frequent co-occurrence of words in either side of terhadap. Therefore, the research question being addressed in this study is: does collocation really determine the meaning of terhadap in a sentence. The purpose of this study is to find which collocate determine the meaning of terhadap in a sentence. The methods used in this study is qualitative and quantitative methods, or known as mixed method research. This study used 6.578 tokens that were taken from Korpus Universitas Indonesia, a corpus website created by Suhardijanto and Dinakaramani in 2018. The analysis was carried out by processing 6.578 tokens to obtain the collocates of terhadap using collocation theories, Chi-Square Test, Symmetric Measures Test, and a statistics software, SPSS Statistics. Chi-Square Tests shows that location of the collocates plays a significant part on the occurrence of terhadap. However, Chi- Square test cannot provide the information about the significance of the relationship between the two variables analyzed. Therefore, the author calculates the value of the correlation coefficient of the variables analyzed using Symmetric Measures Test. The test shows that the correlation coefficient cannot be clearly seen and directly. Thus, to see this tendency the author must return to the existing data. Based on Kjellmer’s theory, the author concluded that the words that have a frequency of occurrence along with terhadap >2 are the ‘real collocates’ that determine the meaning of terhadap. The study shows that collocates which determine the meaning of terhadap are found on the left side of terhadap. Therefore, collocation does determine the meaning of terhadap in a sentence. Collocates that are found on the right side of terhadap considered as free combinations collocates and word groups that have a frequency of occurrence along with terhadap = 2 belong to the group of unidentified and false collocate.
Commanding Speech Act in The Korean Language Izza Gamapat Qonita, Usmi
Commanding is an act of ordering or giving a command. In linguistic reviews, commanding is a speech act that classified in directive speech. In practice, a commanding speech act can be done directly and indirectly with declarative, imperative, interrogative, and propositive sentences. This politeness used in Korean commanding speech acts is not only assessed by indirect speech but also takes account of the honorific rules. This purpose of this study is to analyze
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 145
commanding speech acts in Korean which performed directly and indirectly as well as the politeness level of the speech. For this purpose, there are two research questions are framed. First, how the form of commanding speech act in Korean is expressed directly and indirectly? Second, what level of politeness is used in conjunction with the commanding speech acts in Korean? This study is qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data collection uses note-taking techniques. The corpus speech data used for the research was taken from one of the Korean drama, The Beauty Inside. The results of the research show that the imperative sentence is more often used than the declarative, interrogative, and propositive sentence. From this research, it was found that politeness of commanding speech act is not only can be assessed determined by indirect speech, but also with honorifics. Up to now, studies that discuss speech acts in the Korean language are still difficult to find in Indonesia literature. This research is expected to be a useful reading reference especially related to commanding speech acts in Korean.
Countering the Crime Narrative: Evaluation Strategies in the Plea of an Accused in a Corruption Trial Ripan Hermawan, F.X. Rahyono
In a criminal trial, the plea of the accused is arguably a very important appraising discourse tool functioning mainly to counter the crime narrative made by public prosecutors in their indictment (dakwaan) and closing statement (tuntutan). As an appraisal instrument, the plea represents the stance of the accused with regards to the facts of the case as well as the legal aspects of the alleged crime. In this regards, the plea may serve both argumentative and persuasive functions and may shape, to some extent, the understanding and the consideration of the judges who decide on the case. The study, which is qualitative in nature, uses Martin and White’s appraisal theory (Martin and White, 2005) and the law of criminal evidence (Chazawi, 2015; Harahap, 2000; Soetarna, 2000) to investigate evaluation strategies employed by an accused of a corruption case in his plea. Evaluation strategies are defined here as strategies in discourse used to counter the crime narrative by employing relevant evaluative resources in combination with relevant aspects of the law of criminal evidence in support of the non-guilty claim (counter narrative) made by the accused. The result of the analysis shows that the accused strategically uses the three main discourse semantics resources, i.e. engagement, attitude, and graduation. The contractive options of engagement(deny, counter, and pronounce) are used to counter aspects of the crime narrative, while judgement of propriety(social sanction) and capacity(social esteem) of the attitude component are employed mainly to evaluate aspects of the crime narrative negatively and aspects of the counter narrative positively. Furthermore, amplification and quantification options of the graduation component are used to strengthen the degree of evaluation. To
146 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
legally support the evaluative instrument, relevant aspects of the law of evidence (evidence, physical evidence, and their probative values) are strategically employed by the accused. It can be concluded that the narrative of plea is arguably an important evaluative and probative instrument which, strategically and professionally constructed, may help the accused prove his innocence.
Deixis in Titles that Have Potential to Be Clickbait On Online Informational Media Line Today: Pragmatic Case Study Frans Asisi Datang, Adip Prasetiyo
Deixis is one of fields in pragmatics studies which is used as a pointer in language and its references may change depends on the context meant by the user. As a part of pragmatics studies, deixis is used in communications on certain situations and associated to things outside the language. One of many uses of deixis can be found on the titles that has a potential to be a clickbait. Followed by the development of the media in the digital era, title writing, as one of the most important things for making news, is designed to draw the attention of the reader to click the title as many as possible. This technique of title writing which exploits reader's curiosity by utilizing the curiosity gap is called clickbait. Clickbait is designed by using provocative forward reference strategy to attract the reader to click the title of the news. This research aims to describe the titles that have a potential to be a clickbait and finds linguistic features in it, showing the uses of deixis and describe it on Line Today, an information-sharing site. Based on its aim, the deixises include persona deixis, discourse deixis, and time deixis by Purwo (1984) and Nababan (1987). The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. 20 out of 40 titles are chosen as the source or data for this research that has a potential to be a clickbait from Line Today. The result of this research is the foundings of deixises on clickbait. Other than that, there is use of more than one deixis in one title that has potential to be a clickbait.
Examining Grammatical and Social Competence of Indonesian-speaking Children through the Use of Temporal Conjunctions Bernadette Kushartanti
Bahasa Indonesia, which is used mainly in formal situation, the connective markers in discourse are conjunctions that marks temporal or causal aspects. The temporal marking conjuctions of Bahasa Indonesia are kemudian, lalu, setelah/sesudah itu, and ketika. Meanwhile, in Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian, the variety of Indonesian which is used mainly in informal situation, there are
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 147
terus, abis (g)itu, and pas, or waktu. Children in Indonesia, especially who are raised in urban settings such as Jakarta and surroundings, learn how to use these connective markers as part of learning discourse and grammatical rules. Nevertheless, they have to learn the social rules as well: distinguishing formal and informal situation by using appropriate varieties of Indonesian. This study examines Indonesian-speaking children’s grammatical and social competence through the use of Indonesian temporal conjunctions. The questions to be addressed are 1) how do children use the connective markers in formal and informal situations; and 2) to what extent? The aims of this study is to explain the use of temporal conjunctions which are compared by two factors, namely situations and age groups. The corpus data are children’s narratives, obtained from interviews in formal and informal situations. Participants of this study are children who live in Tangerang, the neighboring area of Jakarta (N=128). The participants are grouped and stratified by educational levels: kindergarteners (4-5 years old), elementary school students (8-9 years old), junior highschool students (13-14 years old) and highschool students (17-18 years old). This study applied both qualitative and quantitative approaches. First, the use of the conjunctions is observed in order to examine children’s grammatical competence. The antconc software is used to investigate the concordance of temporal conjunctions in discourse. The type of temporal conjunctions are also identified. Secondly, the tendencies of the occurences are examined statistically, in order to examine children’s social competence on using these conjunctions. It is found that all children in this study have already mastered the grammatical competence even the youngest ones, given that they use the conjunctions in correct forms and correct grammatical contexts. Yet, the younger ones are still learning how to use the conjunctions in appropriate situations. Meanwhile, as expected, the older the children are, the more competent they are in both grammatical and social rules. Findings in this study suggests that children in this study are predominantly Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian speakers, indicating that it is the variety they learn first, grammatically and socially.
German Entries in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia V Julia Wulandari, Shabrina Nabila Kiasati
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) is an official Indonesian defining/monolingual dictionary compiled by Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Pembinaan Bahasa and published by Balai Pustaka. To date, KBBI has already been published in five editions. The latest edition is the fifth edition (KBBI V), which was launched on October 28th, 2016 and contains 127.036 entries. In addition to the printed version, KBBI has an online version (KBBI online) and an official offline application (KBBI offline) that equipped with various features, one of which is absorption from foreign languages, including German. In the KBBI V offline language features, there are 27 German entries
148 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
have been absorbed into Indonesian. Hence, this research focuses to analyse those entries from various disciplines approach, and discusses the research problems for the following: which German entries contained in KBBI V, does the lexical meaning of those entries in KBBI V differ from the German defining dictionary, and what characters of Germany is represented in those entries. This research applies qualitative method, and the lexical meaning of the 27 German entries in the KBBI V are compared to the German defining dictionary as the ground to analyse whether or not the entries experience alteration. Furthermore, this paper examines the characters of the Germany appear in those entries and what their importance to Indonesian. The results of the research demonstrate that there are semantics shifting and narrowing of those German entries in KBBI V compared to the German monolingual dictionary, caused by a change in the concept of words related to the meaning of the words in a reference, associative, and contextual manner when the 27 entries absorbed into Indonesian. Another result indicates a change occurs in the fields of German history, politics, and philosophy strengthening the characters of Germany which grow and widely known in Indonesia. In addition, this paper emphasises that the absorption of German vocabularies into Indonesian enriches the Indonesian lexical which increasing the significance of German to Indonesian.
Gold Over Family: The Meaning of Wealth in Korean Webtoon “Geumsujeo” By HD3 Desy Septiany, Putu Pramania Adnyana
This research presents the meaning of wealth in Korean through symbols appeared in webtoon “Geumsujeo (Gold Spoon)”. This webtoon’s storyline is based on the Spoon Class Theory. Spoon Class Theory is an unique term used in South Korean which divides people based on the head family’s annual income into categories such as diamond spoon, as the richest class, gold spoon, silver spoon, bronze spoon and dirt spoon. The emergence of Spoon Class Theory limits the access of community members to obtain education and employment so that social inequality among these classes is increasingly apparent. Therefore, it is difficult for the lower classes to move to higher social classes. Spoon Class Theory then becomes a benchmark for success and contributes to the identity of each individual in the society. The impact of Spoon Class Theory in Korean’s life is interestingly portrayed in webtoon “Geumsujeo”. It tells about a teenage boy from poor family, Seungcheon, who has an ambition to become a child of a wealthy family or Geumsujeo family. By using the magical golden spoon, he exchanged his family with a friend named Taeyong— child from a wealthy family. In the end, Seungcheon gave up his poor family and choose to be in the wealth family for a better life. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive-analysis method. The theory used in this research is wealth theory from Marshall and semiotic from Peirce. By dividing wealth into two
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 149
categories: material and non-material, it is found that the frequency of material wealth symbols is higher than non-material wealth symbols. Symbol of material wealth appears 164 times, denoted by the words geumsujeo (gold spoon), don (money), jip (house), hoesa (company), cha (car), kadeu (credit card), and apateu gogeup (luxurious apartment). On the other hand, the frequency of non-material wealth is only 12 times represented by the words buja (wealth), yeongeopjaeneung (business talent), and jeongnyakgyeolhon (matchmaking). The symbol of wealth expressed a desire to get to higher position among other social classes to gain happiness. Meanwhile, the dominance of material symbol in this webtoon shows that Korean perceive wealth as something material rather than non material. Material wealth is seen as something that can give happiness and valued more than non material wealth.
Gugon Tuhon of Baby Caring in Bulurejo Village, Kediri City: Meaning and Function Devi Kurniawati, Widhyasmaramurti
Gugon Tuhon (GT) is a Javanese proposition that is used to be taught in society. Gugon tuhon is known as pamali or myth that prohibited to be violated (Achmad, 2014). This paper explained about gugon tuhon of baby in Bulurejo village, Kediri, East Java. The meaning of gugon tuhon in Bulurejo village is becomes less understood and begins to be abandoned by mothers. Therefore, the problem on this paper are how meanings and functions of gugon tuhon can be understood by mothers in Bulurejo village? This paper aimed to see how meanings and functions of baby caring gugon tuhon in Bulurejo. This paper used 8 gugon tuhon from www.sastra.org and interviews with dukun bayi (traditional healer) as data. This paper are using qualitative method with Speech Act theory by Austin (1984) about the locutionary act, illocutionary act, perlocutionary act; and Hymes's theory (1972) about the function of language. The hypothesis of this paper shows that the understanding of the baby caring gugon tuhon as an illocutionary acts is poorly understood, compared to the meaning of locutionary acts and perlocutionary acts. Based on Hymes (1972), mothers in Bulurejo village are still understand and believe in gugon tuhon, because GT fulfill directive functions (prohibitions and orders) and poetic functions (sending messages) of language. This paper shows that gugon tuhon are conducted by mothers because of their respective and reluctive felling with their parents who have said it, more over gugon tuhon are believed because of personal experiences and fear. This paper is expected to provide knowledge about the baby caring gugon tuhon for mothers who having babies as well as being apart of gugon tuhon preservation.
150 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Gugon Tuhon of Eating Etiquette in Soko Village, Purworejo: Meaning and Cultural Transfer across Generations Rr. Ratna Budi Andari, Widhyasmaramurti
Gugon tuhon is a Javanese cultural wisdom in the form of oral tradition as a means of teaching, like prohibition. Gugon tuhon is generally believed by society as a myth. Gugon tuhon usually taught by mothers to children, so mother have a role in cultural transfer across generation. Nowadays, gugon tuhon as belief is difficult to understand by mothers who have modern concept, and logical thinking. This leads to a question on how gugon tuhon which is a belief for generations, can be understood, and be applied in the middle of society, especially by mothers in Soko Village, Purworejo, Central Java? Purpose of this research is to show the relationship between mother’s role with the existences of the gugon tuhon in Soko Village based on the mothers' comprehension of gugon tuhon meanings and cultural transfer across generation which carried out by the mothers. This research shows how mother’s role in teaching gugon tuhon to the children, so based on that role, the existences of gugon tuhon in the present can be known. If mothers have an active role, then the existences of gugon tuhon in the future is can still be preserved. But on the contrary, if mothers have a passive role, then the existences of gugon tuhon is just a matter of time to disappear. The data of gugon tuhon in this research is gugon tuhon of eating etiquette which taken from www.sastra.org. This research used a qualitative-descriptive method by interviewing mothers who still have children in elementary school. After that, interview results were analyzed using speech act theory by Austin (1984) and cultural development theory by Van Peursen (1976). The result reveals that mothers’ comprehension of gugon tuhon meanings tend to be low, so it caused cultural transfer across generation by mothers cannot be done optimally. Therefore, forming manners to children cannot be applied optimally as well. Because of this, the existences of gugon tuhon in the middle of society will be expected to disappear slowly in the future.
Improving the Indonesian Version of Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) Test Harwintha Yuhria Anjarningsih
A better understanding about how the word-length and the mapping between grapheme and phoneme manipulations affect reading performance in Indonesian is obtained from the currently developed Tes Membaca Satu Menit (One Minute Reading Test, TMSM), tested to second, third and fourth grade primary schoolers (n=26). Importantly, this understanding is needed for standard reading tests developed by the Ministry of Education, the Republic of Indonesia, such as the Early Grade Reading Test (EGRA; RTI International,
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 151
2016). Stern, Dubeck, & Dick (2018) state that the Indonesian version of the EGRA was tested to a representative sample of Indonesian second graders and the results are used to inform educators and authorities in charge of curriculum development to be able to map the stages of reading in Indonesian and to devise methods of intervention for the children lagging behind in their reading development. Focusing on the Reading Meaningful Words and Reading Pseudowords subtests of the EGRA, for them to be valid, they need to take into account features of the most frequent Indonesian phonotactics, control the number of morphemes and graphemes representing the phonemes, and incorporate words and pseudowords that represent these aspects in comparable number in the test. These have not been addressed well in the EGRA, for example, there is no word with consonant clusters, and there are more words with digraphs (i.e., pulang, sangat, yang, dengan, menyanyi, tanya) than those with diphthongs (i.e., kalau) leading to a question regarding the children’s ability to syllabify the words. Therefore, the research questions are: 1. What are the effects of word-length and easiness of mapping between phonemes and graphemes manipulations on the children’s reading performance? 2. What are the possible milestones in Indonesian beginning reading? 3. What can the results inform the design of the Words and Pseudowords subtests of the EGRA? The current investigation builds on previous research looking into the effects of orthographic depth, syllabic complexity, word length, and use of sub-lexical clusters in Bahasa Indonesia beginning reading (Anjarningsih, 2016, 2018). It has been reported that for the inconsistent English orthography, it takes children significantly longer to master reading frequent words than the time it takes to master consistent orthographies such as Spanish (Seymore, Aro, Erskine, 2003). The key finding shows children’s reading milestones are influenced by word length and easiness of mapping between phonemes and graphemes and the subtests of the EGRA need to incorporate the manipulations done in the TMSM.
Indonesian Instagrammers’ Preferences of Using English Nurul Syawallina, Sonya Puspasari Suganda
Nowadays English is not a new language to be listened, spoken, read and written by people in Indonesia, because it is Indonesia’s first foreign language. We often see Indonesian people using English frequently and comfortably to communicate and express their ideas at public places, public transportations, or even on social medias like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. The investigated social media in this research is Instagram. Most of Instagram users or Instagrammers in Indonesia, especially the Generation Z users, prefer using English to create contents in their social media. Generation Z is the youth born in between 1995 to 2010, when the internet has already existed in Indonesia. Thus, they also can be called as iGeneration or internet generation. They can use some social medias and can caption their pictures and/or video
152 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
contents, or just post their ideas/feelings with English words, sentences, or maybe paragraphs easily. What makes them prefer to use English on Instagram? Is it just because of a trend? Or is it a must in their society? The writers try to find what are today’s factors influencing the preferences of using English on Instagram by the youth. In this paper, we might see English phenomena in Indonesia regarding the users of English itself. To collect the data, a survey was conducted in this research. It is a cross-sectional survey which conducted at a single point of time in a population. The population was the Instagrammers who are the Generation Z users in Indonesia. The sampling technique used is random sampling. The sample in this research was a hundred Generation Z Instagrammers from various regions in Indonesia. An online questionnaire was used to help the writer gather the information of the Instagrammers who live in various regions in Indonesia. The aim of the questionnaire is to get several factors may affect the use of English by the Generation Z on Instagram. A telephone interview was also done to obtain in- depth information from ten Instagrammers, who have homogeneous answers according to the questionnaire. The results tell that they feel more comfortable to use English rather than Indonesian because they have some international friends. For them, English is a general language that is simple, does not need more explanation to say, and can be understood by worldwide Instagrammers.
Indonesian term of address “ustad” in films utterances: forms, functions, and social values Wiwin Triwinarti, Sandy Nugraha
At present, a lot of ustads (Arabic term for Islamic clerics) must face several lawsuits over some cases, including but not limited to, stepping on people's heads (Utama, 2014), fraud (Hairani, 2014), persecution (Aminuddin, 2018), and insulting the president (Siddiq, 2018). The word 'ustad' tends to be popularly used in Indonesia. People who spread Islamic teaching in Indonesia or mubalig are often addressed as 'ustad'. ‘Ustad’ is a borrowed word from ,ustâdz/ which means ‘teacher’ (Munawwir, 1997). In Arab culture/ ﺘﺳأ ﺎ ذ Arabic especially in Palestine (Abuamsha, 2010) and Jordan (Al-Qudah, 2017), the word /ustâdz/ is used to address school teachers, college lecturers, bank employees and companies, or strangers who seem educated. This shows that the word 'ustad' has undergone a semantic narrowing from the original language. This study analyzes the term of address ‘ustad’ in Indonesian culture. Indonesia’s religious-themed movies (hereinafter referred to as ‘films’) can represent the use of the term of address ‘ustad’ in daily conversation. In particular, this study aims to describe the patterns of forms, functions, and social values of the term of address ‘ustad’ in films utterances. The data is collected from the analysis of Indonesia’s four religious-themed films utterances, namely Dalam Mihrab Cinta; Hijrah Cinta; Ada Surga di
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 153
Rumahmu; and Negeri 5 Menara. This descriptive qualitative study uses Hymes’ Ethnography of Communication approach (1972) in analyzing the functions of terms of address in films utterances discourse. This study identifies the context of the behaviour and the components of the speech events in the utterances that contain the term of address ‘ustad’. This study finds that: (1) the kinds of forms used are incomplete term (‘Stad’), title (‘Ustad’), kinship-term + title (e.g. ‘Pak Ustad’), and title + personal name (e.g.‘Ustad Syamsul’); (2) the term of address ‘ustad’ appears in the beginning, middle and the end of the utterance, and each has different functions; (3) there are five characteristics of people that are commonly addressed as ‘ustad’ in Indonesia, including Quran privat tutors, teachers in Islamic educational institutions or pesantren (Islamic boarding school), Islamic preachers in mosques, Islamic preachers in television programs, and pesantren leaders in villages; (4) the terms of address ‘ustad’ is a title held any time regardless the situation. An ustad is still addressed as ‘ustad’ even though he is not preaching.
Intentional Modality Markers in Korean language: through the approach of situational Context Nisrina Hanin, Usmi
Intentional modality is used by the speakers to express their take regarding events related. This study discusses intentional modality markers used in Korean grammar by using the approach of situational context in drama script. There are four grammar features of intentional modality markers in Korean that will be discussed in this study: -gess-, -eul geosi-, -eulge(yo), and- eullae(yo). In Korean language learning, it is not easy for Indonesians to distinguish and use these grammar features in communication because these four grammar features semantically have the same meaning but differ in their use. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify these grammar features in drama scripts and then analyze them by using the situational context approach. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review. The corpus of this study is a script from drama titled “Jinsimi Data” which released in 2019. Through this research, intentional modality’s frequency is identified 209 times with 91 times of -gess-, 43 times of -eul geosi-, 64 times of -eulge(yo), and 11 times of eullae(yo). In this study, five situational contexts of -gess-, two situational contexts of -eul geosi-, two situation contexts of -eulge(yo), and three situational contexts of -eullae(yo) are also found. The situational contexts that are found are also distinguished by the sentence type of speech, which are declarative sentences and interrogative sentences. In terms of frequency and the number of the context situation that is found, -gess- has the most numbers. It is because the drama revolves around some settings where the characters are related in the professional field. Therefore, the formal situation is forcing the characters to use Korean grammar -gess- for intentional modality.
154 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Korean to Indonesian Code-Mixing: A Case Study of Three Native Indonesian Informants Annisa Faristmedina, Usmi
This is a case study which analyzes the language code mixing from Korean to Indonesian languages carried out by native Indonesian speakers. Code mixing is a state when a person mixes two or more languages in a speech. Code mixing is one of the most common phenomenon happening in a multilingual society. In Indonesia, code mixing phenomenon can be seen not only from the mixing of Indonesian language with a local dialect or with English but also with other foreign languages. One of those foreign languages is Korean. The high popularity of Korean culture in Indonesia has led to an increase in society's interest regarding the Korean language. This research aims to depict the dominant language unit form in code-mixing spoken by three informants. This research uses six language units for code-mixing explained by Suwito as the main base for this analysis. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The data is collected through interviews. This research uses both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data includes interview results with the three informants and secondary data includes books, theses, mini-theses, questionnaires, and journals. This research uses Korean Romanization Converter web to romanize Korean words based on the Revised Romanization of Korea. The findings of this research include language unit of code mixing that appeared 105 times within 64 speeches with the specification of 73 times in word form, 6 times in phrase form, five times in repetitive form, 1 time in expression or idiom form, 17 times in clausal form, and 3 times in baster form. The findings show that word becomes the dominant language unit of code mixing in the code-mixing speech done by the three informants. This is due to the lexical meanings words have that enables them to stand alone without no attachment to other words in a sentence, thus making it easier to be put in other language's form of speech.
Latah Behavior of Young Women in Metropolitan Cities (A Socio- psycholinguistics Study) Ayu Nurulhaq Putri, Savira Mega Putri
Latah behavior is a culture-bound syndrome occurred in some cultures only. Since its first recognition in the colonial era, latah has only occured in Southeast Asia, specifically Indonesia and Malaysia. Latah began to spread in the colonial era as a mental syndrome in the form of startle reaction caused by the appearance of colonialist with bombs and guns attacking the natives and
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 155
gave attack to their psychological condition. People with latah are easily startled by loud sounds, tickles in certain parts of body, sudden touches and pokes. Such stimulus lead to speech confusion, unintentional indecent and rude utterances, and mimicry of the behavior or utterances in the form of words, phrases, and sentences with abnormal proportions. Based on some studies done in Indonesia, latah behavior only appears in the middle of uneducated society whose authoritative-living culture. This study aims to reveal the utterances of latah behavior, factors of the occurrence, and evolution pattern of the shaped utterances. The subjects of the study are specified into two women, living in Jakarta and Bekasi, highly educated, and suffering latah for more than ten years. This study uses qualitative method by doing observation and interview to the participants and people around them and focuses on the words, phrases, and sentences uttered during the occurrence of latah behavior. These sentences are in the form of imperative, declarative, and interrogative with various factors of how these were uttered. This study finds that latah behavior could occur since the age of teenager living in the metropolitan cities and last for more than ten years. Utterances produced by subjects as latah people are caused by traumatic experiences occurred in the past that shapes a unique pattern of diction related to death (mati and mampus), evolving into diction related to mother, expanding into the name of small shaped animals (reptiles and insects), and increasing the diction of release something (copot, lepas, and jatoh).
Lexical Cohesion in Narrative Discourse 4th Graders in Elementary School Nitrasattri Handayani, Aisyah
Narrative is a writing that contains a story arranged in chronological order. The writing can be based on the results of observations or experiences. Narrative discourse can be characterized by the existence of paths, events, and characters. Writing clear lines, events, and characters can make it easier for readers to know information from a narrative discourse. However, in writing made by children, especially 4th graders of elementary school, this can already be seen, but it may not. Therefore, as a first step the reader can look at the use of words in the discourse. The use of the same words or in the same environment will make it easier for readers to know the focus or theme of the discourse. In the discourse study, it can be seen from the analysis of cohesion, especially lexical cohesion. Therefore, researchers are interested in raising the issue of lexical cohesion contained in narrative discourses made by 4th graders in elementary school. The purpose of this study was to explain the types of lexical cohesion found in narrative discourse made by 4th graders in elementary school. The data from this study are narrative discourses made by 4th graders at Pondok Cina 1 Elementary School. In the data collection on May 4, 2017, 21 narrative discourses from 21 children were present at the time. These discourses contain stories about the experiences of respondents visiting
156 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
a tourist spot, such as Dufan or Puncak, and activities they have done, such as playing or swimming. The method used in this research is qualitative method. In addition, the analysis was carried out in a description. The analysis of lexical cohesion conducted refers to the opinion of Yuwono (2009). From the 21 discourses found lexical cohesion in the form of repetition, synonymy, antonym, hyponym, and collocation. Repetition is the most commonly found relationship in the data, while hyponym is the least found relationship in the data. Meanwhile, lexical cohesion not found in data is metonymy. Even though grade 4 elementary school students can make complex sentences, the words used tend to be still simple.
Motivating Students to Read Narrative Texts through Video Games Audrey Ningtyas, Sonya Puspasari Suganda
Getting students excited to learn foreign language is hard, especially when they are still young and have no idea what are the benefits they could have if they can master the language. Teachers need a new approach to handle such situation, they need to know their students’ world and getting acquainted with it. Students also lack on the motivation to look for meaning in the dictionary in order to practice their comprehension. In an attempt for the solution, researcher tried to use video game as a means to increase students reading comprehension of narrative text. This research will find out if video games can motivate students to read narrative text. This research will give them insight of how they can enjoy learning language. As for teachers, it would give them ideas to integrate other fun activities in the classroom. Future researchers especially in Indonesia, hopefully would consider continuing this research to the next level, such as making a fun edutainment that might catch students’ attention and encouraging them to learn more. Edutainment is a coined terminology of educational entertainment. It intends to educate learner while having fun by using media such as video games. In this research, quantitative quasi experimental was used to determine the students score before and after treatment. Researcher also used questionnaire to draw feedback from participants. The participants are junior high school students grade eight in Jakarta. Based on the statistic calculation, the treatment only makes a slight effect. Although, students confessed they felt motivated and it was encouraging them to practice their comprehension. On the process of treatment, there has been some difficulty in preparing the program, but after that students managed to do their task smoothly until the end of treatment. In Indonesia, this research could be implemented in computer lab or language lab. Integrating video games with learning at school seems like an impossible idea, even parents still consider playing games is distracting their child education. That is why researcher tries to utilize the video games into more useful media, not just for entertainment. Research using video games for learning language has been done several times all over the world. Although, the participants are mostly
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 157
university students because of the complexity of operating the technology, which not all younger students can manage. Researcher tries to make younger students aware of another way of learning, a way that is close to their daily lives.
Need Analysis of Indonesian Etymological Dictionary Dewi Puspita
Until now, Indonesia still does not have a comprehensive etymology dictionary. The existing Indonesian etymological dictionaries are still in the form of loan word lists. Some of the word lists are even compiled and recorded per native language of the loan words, such as Sanskrit in Indonesia (Gonda, 1952), Arabic loanwords in Malay and Indonesian (Jones, 1978), and Chinese loanwords in Malay and Indonesian (Jones, 1999). There are indeed several Indonesian etymology dictionaries that have covered all the loan source languages, but the contents are still in the form of lists. Therefore, it is time for Bahasa Indonesia to have a comprehensive etymological dictionary, which not only contains the words origin, but also that records the journey of the words to have the forms and meanings that language users know and understand today. However, it should also be noted how far language users need the etymology dictionary. All this time, dictionary makers and publishers in Indonesia tended to compile and publish dictionaries based on the wishes or orders of a particular party or institution, without really paying attention to the needs of language users. Considering this, a study is felt to be necessary to analyze the needs of language users relating to the Indonesian etymology dictionary. Needs analysis is done to see whether the majority of language users from various levels feel the need for etymology dictionaries, what etymological information they expect to find in an etymology dictionary, and whether a separate dictionary that specifically contains etymological information should be made or that etymological information is better put together in an existing Indonesian general dictionary. The study was conducted using the quantitative method. Questions were created and distributed in the form of questionnaires using the surveymonkey application to 100 language users from various levels and backgrounds through social media after previously being tested on 50 different respondents. The results show that the existence of an etymological dictionary is indeed expected by language users with etymological information that is not only in the form of the origin of the word and most respondents want that etymological information to be put together in the existing general dictionary. The results of this study can be used as a recommendation for researchers and lexicographers interested in etymology study.
158 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Passion for Teaching French as Foreign Language at Senior High School Salman Al Farisi, Sisilia S. Halimi
This paper talks about passion as well as its urgency in French as a foreign language teaching at senior high school in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek). Passion that belongs to the field of psychology is the most important factor of students’ learning success. Without passion, all teaching approaches will fail and teaching activities will be a tedious and frustrating occupation. In fact, passion and motivation influence each other. The higher motivation is, the more powerful passion is. Though these are important in teaching, little work has been done into teachers’ passion and motivation. Instead, most studies have focused on students’ motivation. Therefore, this paper aims to identify what kind of teaching motivation possessed by French teachers in senior high school in Jabodetabek, how many of them have the passion to teach, and to explain how teaching practices would be like for those passionate teachers, as well as to discuss the factors that affect their passion and motivation in the classroom. This study uses a qualitative approach with an explanatory case study design. Data were collected through questionnaires, teacher self-reflection, and semi-structured interview. The results of the study show that no French teacher in Jabodetabek who has all of the criteria to claim himself/herself as someone who has the passion for teaching. However, there are 3 teachers who have almost all of the criteria needed to claim themselves as passionate teachers. They also prove the existence of a close relationship between the passion and effectiveness of teaching. They even got a “good” assessment from their learners. This shows that the passion and motivation to teach are very important in creating the success of the teaching and learning process. Therefore, teachers, schools, and educational institutions need to make the passion for teaching something that must be incorporated into the educational curriculum. To grow and maintain it, several tips and factors affecting the passion are presented, both from within (internal) and from outside the teacher (external).
The Role of Context in Chinese Dispose Sentences Melysa Martha Auliasari, Hermina Sutami
Chinese is a unique language because it has a structure for dispose sentence. Dispose sentence is a sentence which is a combination of prepositions 把 and nouns or nominal phrases as objects that are positioned in front of the predicate. The pattern is S + 把 + O + P. The uniqueness of the disposal sentence lies in its object because not all nominal nouns or phrases can function as objects. The object of the dispose sentence is generally a definite object with a definite character of the demonstrativa 这 ‘this’; or 那 ‘it’;, the particle which states the ownership and the name or the name of something. However, there
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 159
is a dispose sentence that uses an undefinitevobject and has no definite marker in its usage. Objects that do not have such definite markers are acceptable in the sentence structure of dispose sentence. This study aims to find out why indefinite objects can be accepted in the dispose sentence structure and are commonly used. Textbooks do not discuss this exception. That is one of the reasons this topic is examined. The benefit of this study is to help Mandarin learners understand the objects used in sentences and help learners avoid mistakes when using dispose sentences. This study uses qualitative methods and the results of the study are described descriptively. In a qualitative method, we use the literary method by reading theory from books as a reference aside from previous studies. The theory that is referred to is the theory of Liu Yuehua (2003) and Li & Thompson (1981). Li & Thompson only talks about the definite objects being a requirement in the dispose sentences. Liu Yuehua not only talks about definite objects but also speaks of a context that can transform an undefinite object into a definite one. This is Liu Yuehua’s opinion as the basis of this research. The data sources in this study are short stories “Hand” (1980) and “Silkworm” (1932). The data of this study are all dispose sentences using indefinite objects from the two short stories above. This indefinite object can be a nominal word, phrase or nominal clause. The data is classified into two: close context and distant context. The meaning of close context is the dispose sentence object which refers to the previous clause and sentence. Close context criteria are (1) clauses that are in the same sentence; (2) sentences in the same paragraph. What is meant by distant context is the object referred to in the previous paragraph. The remote context criterion is the previous two or more paragraphs. One data shows that this distant context refers to the previous 79 paragraphs or the second paragraph of the short story “Hands” (1980). Therefore, the criteria for this near and far context are built. The results of the analysis reinforce Liu Yuehua’s opinion that context plays a role in making an indefinite object acceptable in the dispose sentence. Therefore, this study raises the context which plays a role in the dispose sentence. This research shows topics that are very rarely researched and are not discussed in Chinese textbooks. The researcher considered that is the State of Art of this study.
Podcasts and Language Learning: A German Language Teachers’ Perceptions and Attitudes Dwi Putri Ningsih, Sonya Puspasari Suganda
At this time technology and internet used were rapidly spread into language learning. There are many websites, application, medium, and tools that can be used for helping the language learners (LL) to master the foreign or second language (L2). In general LL are more open towards the use of technologies and internet for L2 learning. Lately many LL decide to utilize tools called
160 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
podcast as their additional learning resources beyond the classroom. Podcasts are considered as a useful tool to promote second language acquisition (SLA). Podcasts are normally used by LL to get more familiar with the spoken language of the L2, however podcast were not originally made for L2 learning (McBride, 2009), though now it can be used in the context of L2 learning and help LL to improve not only their listening and speaking skill (Goh and Vandergrift, 2012; Ramli, 2018) but also to promote LLs’ intercultural comprehension. Build upon some prior research of LLs’ perception and attitudes toward Podcast use showed that LLs perceived podcast as a useful educational tool and also very interested, motivated to engage themselves with Podcast (Gribbins, 2007; Chan, 2011). Unfortunately, there are still less researches found related to the teachers’ perception and attitudes toward the Podcast use in the context of L2 learning. Therefore, this paper aim to find out about it by distributing questionnaire to the German language teachers. The results showed that most of teachers perceived the use of podcast in the German language learning classroom as one of the new ways to giving supplemental material especially for listening but most of them are have not try to give any suggestion for their LLs to learn additional material through podcasts. The reasons are the teacher are not familiar enough with how podcast work and they are not sure about what kind of learning material contained in the podcasts that may suitable with their learning material from the handbook. This results later suggest that as teacher it is important to open towards the new development methods, idea, and tools related to the L2 learning; especially in podcasts use. It can help teachers to promote LLs’ interest and motivation, also their opportunities for L2 intercultural understanding, and to improve listening comprehensions.
Schmähkritik Poem by Jan Böhmermann: A Semantic Analysis Muhammad Ghivari Sarena, Leli Dwirika
Criticism is a response accompanied with a description and consideration of good or bad for a work, opinion, etc. One of the way to convey criticism is in a form of satire. Satire is defined as a locution used in literature to express teasing towards a situation or to someone. On March 31, 2016 a German satirist presenter named Jan Böhmermann presented a satire poem which called as Schmähkritik to criticize turkish President – Recep Tayyip Erdogan – who protested satire song (erdowie, erdowo, erdogan by Extra 3) considered as a part of press freedom by Jan Böhmermann and inappropriate to be protested. The poem consists of 12 lyrics (24 lines), divided into three stanzas. The Schmähkritik poem was published in Neo Magazin Royale program, guided by Jan Böhmermann on ZDF TV, then triggered a polemic as pure satire art, also as poem that harshed and defamed Erdogan as President of Turkey. Etymologically, Schmähkritik is a combination of two lexemes, schmähen and criticism. The word schmähen comes
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 161
from Mittelhochdeutsch, smæhen. According to the Wörterbuch Der Deutschen Umgangssprache, schmähen means verleumden (in English: defamation or slander). While criticism, according to Duden online is an evaluation, complaint, or critical opinion as a means of political and social development. So that it can be interpreted that schmähkritik is a term refers to harsh and degrad criticism. The focus of this paper is about the meaning of the satire poem by Jan Böhmermann and also examines whether the poem can be categorized as Schmähkritik or not. This research is a qualitative research with a referential and contextual meaning theory approach. The result of this research shows that every lyrics of Böhmerman's Poem contains utterances that humiliate Recep Tayyip Erdogan which is emphasized by using words with sexual content. The criticism statements are only inserted in 3 lyrics, namely in the third lyrics of the first stanza, the fourth lyrics of the first stanza and the first lyrics of the second stanza. Refers to the utterances forming the poem, it can be proved that the poem is an opus categorized as Schmähkritik because humiliation are the most dominant utterances of the poem.
Sentiment Analysis on Indonesian Political Hoaxes Aghnia Salsabila, Totok Suhardijanto
Studies have been conducted to identify hoax from real news, included analysis on text structures, but there is limited study on how emotions and sentiments involved in hoax. Emotion and sentiment have significant roles on text as clue to someone’s mental state, rethoric positions, attitude, evaluation, and description on particular object or event. This study analyses how emotions and sentiments are realised and have effect in the text. Appraisal theory by Martin and White (2005) is applied to the data. Appraisal theory is developed from Systemic-Functional Linguistics Halliday, and concerns with emotion and sentiment realisations from linguistics perspective. Data consisted of five political hoaxes and five political real-news. Comparison between two kind of texts is needed to identify emotion characteristics in hoaxes. As results, (1) hoax is dominated by high-graduation negative sentiment, (2) hoax tends being affective and shows author’s judgements, and (3) hoax tries to imitate real- news using heterogloss to report fake claims and monogloss to represent sentiment (attributes) on hoax targets. There are problems in this study such as limit on analysed data and how context has important part on sentiment analysis. Results indicates emotions and sentiments can affect reader to believe claims on hoax. Sentiment analysis shows how emotions and sentiments used by hoax writer to make fake claims “considered” valid and credible by reader.
162 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Politeness Strategy in 我的少女时代Wǒ de shàonǚ shídài Stefani Mutiara Kornelius, Hermina Sutami
In communicating, participants must pay attention to a number of things, such as the ideas must be conveyed directly, straightforwardly, and clearly. Therefore, information must be conveyed clearly so that it can be understood by the speech partner. In addition, the context of speech and politeness of language also play an important role. Language politeness aims to maintain harmonious relationships between speakers and speech partners. Language politeness must pay attention to cultural norms so as not to embarrass speech partners through utterances spoken by speakers. Along with the development of an increasingly open and free era, the use of language among young people often ignores the principle of politeness in language. Nowadays, we often find them saying things frankly and frontally that they can threaten the face of their partners. This phenomenon does not only occur in Indonesia, but also in Taiwan. This is reflected in the dialogue between leaders in one of the Taiwanese dramas entitled 我 的 少女 时代 Wo de Shaonu Shidai which means My Childhood. The film tells the story of Lin Zhenxin's childhood, a girl who experienced acts of abuse by schoolmates and family because of her innocence and stupidity. In this film, there were many threatening speeches on Lin Zhenxin's face which were spoken by her schoolmates and work colleagues. This study would like to see whether the use of face-threatening speech forms such as ridicules, innuendos, and commandments are utterly bluntly spoken by speakers. The focus of this paper is on speeches that contain the principle of politeness in accordance with the language strategies of Brown & Levinson (1987) and potentially threatening speeches from the speech partners. This study aims to analyze the speech contained in the film 我 的 少女 时代. The benefits to be achieved in this study are so that readers can find out the politeness of the language of young Taiwanese and to add insight to Indonesians about language politeness from Taiwanese culture. This research is a descriptive research. What will be described is the speech that contains the politeness of language in the film. The way to describe it is to use qualitative methods. In this qualitative method, the author collects data from Lin Zhenxin's speeches during school and while working. The speech is classified based on Brown & Levinson's (1987) politeness to see the level of politeness of young Taiwanese. That is the result that will be known in this study. The results of this study found utterances uttered frontally and roughly that threaten the face of the partner, such as the example sentence 怎么 那么笨 呐! or translated as 'You're so stupid!' This speech was uttered by Lin Zhenxin's mother because she saw the poor grade of Lin Zhenxin's exam. The sentence was said because the mother had more power and position than Lin Zhenxin. In a situation of urgency, there was a speech 白痴 哦！ 走路 不 看 路！ ‘Idiot! The road does not see! ' which threatens the face of the partner even though speakers have an equal position with the speech partners. The novelty in this
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 163
study found that young Taiwanese also often say harsh words even though their position is not parallel.
Superstructure of Discourse and Cohesion in Narratives Spoken by People with Alzheimer's Nailah Azkiya, Untung Yuwono
Alzheimer's is part of dementia, a symptom of memory loss commonly known as senility. Alzheimer’s is a chronic and continues dementia which cannot return to the previous mental healthiness. Alzheimer's is a degenerative disorder in the brain that attacks the elderly. Alzheimer's will initially distract memory, then disrupt language skills. The disruption in language skills is mainly due to reduced memory of the language form and vocabulary. In addition, memory disorders also affect the reduction in language skills because people with Alzheimer's lose things they had remembered and understood to the point of being unable to express their thoughts in the language form. This study analyzes the superstructure of discourse and cohesion in narratives spoken by people with Alzheimer’s. The purpose of this study is to explain the superstructure of narrative and language features as cohesive device used by people with Alzheimer’s in their narratives. Qualitative method is used in this research. The subjects in this study were elderlies with Alzheimer's who live in Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 1, East Jakarta. The data were collected by conducting open interviews to elderlies with Alzheimer's in the same level of seriousness based on the results from Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) test; namely, those with mild Alzheimer's with the score of 18-22. Those who match with the criteria, then, were randomly chosen, resulting in two selected respondents with Alzheimer's as the samples. After that, they were given two questions as the trigger for their stories, which are, "How did you meet your life partner?" and "What was the most sinister experience in your life?" Based on data analysis, it is found that narratives produced by people with Alzheimer's have a complete narrative structure, which are orientation, complication, evaluation, resolution, and coda. Based on the data analysis, narratives about unpleasant experiences are more remembered than narratives about pleasant experiences. In addition, the conjunction that are commonly used by people with Alzheimer's to maintain their speech are references, substitutions, and conjunctions. Another finding is that there is a long pause from one speech to another in narrative spoken by people with Alzheimer's.
164 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Analysis of Interjection in Kik Comics and Their Relation in AVI Levels Ni Wayan Putri Shanty Dewi, Andrea Pradsna Paramitha Djarwo
In the Netherlands, there are some comics that quite popular among children aged six to seven, namely Kik comics. Kik comic is a comic written by Gerben Valkema and consists of three series, Kik gaat los, Kik loopt voorop, and Kik goed gek. Besides consist of sentences, Kik's comics also contain various types of interjection, one of which is meaningful interjection that describes the element of feeling. The interjection does not only function to make the story more interesting but also aims to make it easier for children to understand reading and still be able to enjoy the storyline, even with a small vocabulary and limited reading ability. Every Kik comic is written based on levels called Analyse Van Individualiseringsvormen (AVI), and it aims to classify children according to their age and their level of reading ability. These AVI levels in Kik comics consist of AVI start, AVI M3 and AVI E3. Research issue that contained in this study are: which forms of interjection that contain elements of feeling in Kik comics? How is the usage of interjection reviewed based on the phonological structure? How are the relations between interjection and AVI levels in Kik comics? The purpose of this study is to identify the types of interjection that contain elements of feeling in Kik comics and describe the phonological structure in each interjection, and its relevance to AVI level in Kik comics. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The result shows that types of feeling represented by interjection in Kik’s comics are: feelings of pain; pleasant; afraid; happy and surprised. Every comic has a different form of interjection to represent all of these feelings, but there is also an interjection that has the same shape in each comic, namely mmm interjection which serves to show a feeling of pleasure. Overall, the use of interjection contained in Kik comics is not only based on dialogues and stories contained in comics but also based on the characteristics found at each AVI level. The existence of these characteristics produces different phonological structures at each interjection, both the differences in the syllable pattern and the region and the way the articulation is.
The Development of the Uses of the Word Dengan from Indonesian Newspaper Period 1910-2010 Gita Ayodhiya Sanarta, Dien Rovita
In general, a language will always develop as long as it is used to communicate with the speakers. Speaking about the development of a language, the development of Bahasa Indonesia is inseparable from the Malay language. Long before Bahasa Indonesia established and used as a national language, Malay language had already known and used as a Lingua Franca. Comparing data from the different periods of newspapers is one method that can be used to see the development of a language. One of the elements that can be
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 165
examined in the newspaper article is the grammatical words, especially dengan. In its use, dengan can be classified as conjunction and preposition. This research aims to show the development of the uses of the word dengan based on its function as conjunction and preposition. Next to that, this research also aims to identify the verb meaning that collocate with preposition dengan. The data source that used in this research are Pantjaran Warta (1910), Merdeka (1960), and Kompas (2010). Mixed methods are used in this research. The quantitative approach used to see the development frequency of dengan and to identify the word that collocate with dengan in newspaper from 1910 to 2010. Meanwhile, the qualitative approach used to determine word class of¬†dengan as conjunction or preposition, the preposition meaning dengan, and a verb meaning that collocate with preposition dengan according to clause context. The result of this research shows that dengan can be used as a conjunction and preposition in the newspaper period 1910 to 2010. The word dengan as conjunction can function as coordinative conjunction and subordinate conjunction. Moreover, the word dengan in the data as a preposition shows ten meaning, which is companion, tool, way, agentive, objective, bipartite, equation, time, without, and possession. Meanwhile, in the data, there are five types of Cook’s verbs that collocate with preposition dengan which are VTD, VTE, VTL, VTB, dan VPE. The result of the analysis verb type to preposition meaning dengan can help the classification preposition meaning dengan.
The Emotional Feature of Argumentation: Debate of Presidential Candidates in Indonesia Filia
Studies on argumentation is comprised of several perspectives. Argumentation studies is dominated by communication theories. In this paper, I discuss to different theory, Pragma-Dialectics. Pragma-Dialectics is more suitable for this study because it is used to analyze and evaluate argumentation in actual practices. Research on argumentation has been conducted by Fairclough (2008). His analysis refers to the perspective of Toulmin. The result is classification of six elements (claims, data, collateral, support, rebuttal and qualifier) on argumentation. Other research related to the argumentation has also been carried out by Basave & He (2016). They conduct semantic analysis on persuasive arguments. This research used data from debate of presidential candidates in Indonesia 2019.The presidential debate is awaited by the public in welcoming the President Election. Television broadcasts show live presidential debate in Indonesia. The presidential candidates’ debate is broadcast live from January to before the President Election in April 2019. Candidates’ debate shows arguments between them. The debate starts with answering questions from the moderator. Then, the answer is responded directly by the other presidential candidates. The answers from each participant have emotional feature. This
166 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
study focuses on emotional feature of argumentation. The purpose of this study is to provide explanation of emotional feature of argumentation in candidates’ debate. The explanation related to pattern of emotional feature. The signifance of this research is feature of emotion in presidential candidates’ debate in Indonesia. This research method generally has some steps, the first is data reduction. Data reduction includes sorting process. In this research, sorting process is done by focusing on the utterances of the candidates who debate. Moderator utterances who guide the event are not included as data. The second step is presenting data. Data is presented through a transcription process with the ELAN (EUDICO Linguistic Annatator) program. The analysis begins with decoding, a description of the data linguistically. Then, the data is analyzed in syntactic, semantic and pragma-dialectic perpectives. Based on 155 arguments, this paper presents emotional features, such as (i) emotion as a reason, (ii) emotion as a claim, and (iii) emotion to elicite empathy.
The Equivalent Translation of Words Containing Indonesian Culture into German in Rindu Terluka Alyssa Flabeau Ankadea, Leli Dwirika
This study discusses the equivalent translations of words containing Indonesian culture into German in a short story called “Rindu Terluka”. Rindu Terluka as the man data is a short story written by Putu Oka Sukanta in 1980. This story is translated into German by Elisabeth Soeprapto-Hastrich in 2002 and titled Verwundete Sehnsucht. The purpose of this research is to examine the equivalence between words containing element of Indonesian culture in the source language and in the target language. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method through library research. This research showed a total of nine words containing cultural elements, which are classified into five categories, namely 1) kinship terms, 2) place terms, 3) terms of traditional objects, 4) religious terms, and 5) terms in the field of sports. These cultural terms are analyzed based on Smith’s theory on translation techniques, Nida’s theory on obstacles in translation, Newmark’s theory on procedures of translation, and Simatupang’s theory on shifts in translation. Furthermore, the equivalence of these cultural terms are analyzed based on Nida and Taber’s theory on the dynamic equivalence. The result shows, that seven out of the nine words have the equivalent meaning between the source text and the target text, these seven words namely Meme Mokoh, balian goblog, pengabenan, balai banjar, kelewang, lonceng becak, and pemain silat. These words are considered commensurate, because they have the equivalent or close meaning to the source language. Meanwhile, the other two words, namely kakak and warung, are considered lacking or not commensurate, because these words have different meanings than the ones in the source language. The importance of fully understanding this story in the targeted language for readers to avoid
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 167
miscommunication is one of this research main purpose as the story contains and represents a rich Indonesian culture, especially Balinese culture.
The Formation of Animal Crying Onomatopoeia in Korea: A Morphological Study Arofa Fathul horib Ridho, Usmi
Onomatopoeia is words that imitate the sound of nature. There are several types of onomatopoeia, one of that type is animal crying’s onomatopoeia. meong meong and yaong are two examples of onomatopoeia in Korean that represent dogs’ and cats’ sound. In daily literacy, onomatopoeia often uses by the author to build the atmosphere of their works. In Korean, onomatopoeia has its own characteristics. This paper discusses animals’ crying onomatopoeia formation in Korean. This paper uses qualitative descriptive approach to reach the purpose of the research. This is morphological research that focused on word formation, by this case is animal crying. This paper was made because of the lack of onomatopoeia research in Indonesia, specifically animal crying onomatopoeia and Korean onomatopoeia to be focused. The problem statement of this paper is, how is onomatopoeia’s words formation in Korea? The purpose of this study is to explain onomatopoeia formation in Korean and uses synchronous concept. There are two issues which will be discussed in this paper: Korean word formation and Korean onomatopoeia word formation based on onomatopoeia classification by Lee and Chae Wan. This study analyzes 28 (twenty-eight) onomatopoeias based on a theoretical foundation. This study leads to the findings that animal crying onomatopoeia can be classified based on its formation: one syllable (single expression); reduplication of one syllable; reduplication of two roots consisting of the same syllables; a combination of completely different syllables; and reduplication of three syllable words with the same root.
The Language Development in Indonesian Presidential Decree Frans Asisi Datang, Desty Wulandari
President has the authority to release policies, one of which is Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Presidential Decree) in order to run the government. The decree is binding; must be implemented by the decree’s recipient. From time to time, the Indonesian Presidential Decree has language development which can be seen from the decree structure, sentence structure, and diction. For example, the 1945 decree presents the consideration and dictum in a form of a long sentence whereas the 2018 decree separates the consideration and dictum into several sentences. Moreover, the 1945 decree
168 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
uses bersetoedjoean dengan… to explain the consideration whereas the 1978- 2018 decree consistently uses menimbang and mengingat. Therefore, we conduct this study to explain the writing patterns of Indonesian Presidential Decree from time to time to support forensic linguistic study, such as analyze document forgery cases. We took sixteen presidential decrees from 1945-2018 as the data then analyzed it by using qualitative method. Data was obtained from the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and the official website of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia (www.sipuu.setkab.go.id). The result of this study indicates that language development in Indonesian Presidential Decree is found in the structure of the decree, sentence, and diction. On the structure of the decree, 1945 and 1946 decree use one long sentence to explain the intent, whereas the 1947-2018 decree are detailing the intent with several clauses. Additionally, the title of the decree also changes from 1945 to 2018. The diction that uses in the 1940s is inconsistent. There are many terms on the consideration, such as bersetoedjoean dengan (1945 decree), setelah membaca and setelah mengingat (1946 decree), and also menimbang, mengingat, and mengingat pula (1947-1949 decree). The 1950s decree also uses another diction on the consideration, such as membaca (1952, 1953, 1958 decree) and mendengar (1950, 1952, 1958 decree). Nevertheless, the diction that consistently uses are menimbang and mengingat (1950-2018 decree). The dictum only uses one term in the 1945-1949 decree; 1945 decree uses memutuskan and 1946-1949 decree uses menetapkan. However, 1950-2018 decree uses both terms in the dictum. On the sentence structure, the decree uses various types of sentences. 1940s decree tend to use simple sentences while 1950s-2010s decree tend to use complex sentences.
The Persuasive Power of Advertisement: The Analysis of Structure & Contextual of Advertisements in Javanese Language in 1935-1953 Diah Mardiningrum Joyowidarbo, Atin Fitriana, Dwi Puspitorini
Advertisement is a medium used to promote an item or service to the public. To attract the public attention, the persuasive power available in advertisement is crucial to note. An advertisement is not only aimed to promote but the content also shows the existence of other functions related to socio-culture. The language of advertisement that is constantly heard will settle in the mind and soul of the community. Therefore, the ideas stored in the language of advertisements play a big influence on people's lives. Panjebar Semangat, the Javanese weekly magazine in the period before and after independence, published numbers of Javanese-language advertisements. The magazine showed the strength of Dutch influence at that time. The strong influence of Dutch language and culture on Javanese-language advertisements published before and after independence was not surprising. Besides the Dutch influence, the uses of Indonesian national heroes, such as Dr. Soetomo and Ir. Soekarno,
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 169
are also found in Javanese-language advertisements. By these two contrasting things, Javanese-language advertisements in Panjebar Semangat magazine are interesting to study, especially on how the advertisements and the language in the period before and the beginning of independence of independence showed their socio-cultural functions. Therefore, the aims of this research are to reveal how the persuasive power presents in the structure of the Javanese-language advertisement and how the socio-cultural functions of advertising in the period before and after independence. The data used in this study are Javanese-language advertisements published in Panjebar Semangat Magazine in 1935-1953; the period before and after independence. In the analysis, this research uses the discourse analysis approach; precisely on the theory of discourse of advertisement formulated by Leech (1966) and Bolen's (1984), and Fairclough’s theory (1998) is used to analyze the context in advertising. The results show that the persuasive power of advertisement presents in the superstructure and microstructure of advertisement. The advertisement also succeeds in reflecting the socio-cultural state of the nation during the period before and after independence. In the superstructure, the persuasive power presents in headlines, signature lines, and illustrations. Meanwhile in micro-structure, the persuasive power presents in the use of imperative and interrogative sentences. Contextually, the advertisement managed to convey the socio-cultural function which showed that the Dutch influence was still highly attached to the period before independence. As for the period after independence, there was a national idea contained in the advertisement, which was seen from the elements of discourse in the advertisement.
The Rise of English among K-Pop Idols: Code-switching and Code-mixing in The Immigration Andita Dyah Octaviani, Harumi Manik Ayu Yamin
Korean Pop or being well-known as K-Pop is one of the music genres that has been developed rapidly yet steadily worldwide. The works of Hallyu or Korean Culture Wave leaves a powerful impact towards the history of the music, especially in Korean society, ever since there are many fans of K-Pop not only in South Korea itself but also in the other regions. It can be seen through the fact that there are several fanbases of K-Pop from non-Asian-region, such as Europe and America. Since K-Pop idols have been stealing the hearts of international audiences, K-Pop idols are expected to maintain their fame by speaking in English to promote themselves to international viewers. Although it is generally believed that many Koreans arguably have a low level of English proficiency, as idols they should be ahead of others, considering that they represent their country internationally. The idea that K-Pop idols ought to speak English is even emphasized by a host of a variety show called The Immigration, aired on KStyle TV. The host states that speaking English is
170 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
essential for K-Pop idols before attending any overseas performance. Nonetheless, some of the K-Pop idols are still unaccustomed to English, which leads to phenomena called code-switching and code-mixing. To investigate this matter, this study uses three episodes of The Immigration to find out the influential factors behind code-switching and code-mixing phenomena. In addition, this study also analyzes data from a questionnaire that gathers opinions from the international viewers after watching the shows. The result shows that K-Pop idols tend to switch and mix the languages to maintain the topic and solidarity between the group members. Furthermore, the survey shows that the perception from participants of both sex groups towards K-Pop idols may vary due to their sense of belonging to the K-Pop fandom.
The Structure of Indonesian Used by Deaf Children Dara Minanda, Mohammad Umar Muslim
Deaf children who receive formal education must be able to write and read in Indonesian because Indonesian is compulsory language for education in Indonesia. All learning materials are written in Indonesian and the language used for teaching must be in Indonesian (for deaf students in the form of writing or sign). It is a common knowledge that the ability of deaf children in using Indonesian is very low. Nevertheless, no much information can be found about Indonesian they use. In this paper we want to examine the structure of Indonesian by deaf children in their writing. Specifically, we want to describe the text structure, sentence structure, and the phrase structure. For the text structure, we examine the text coherence following Halliday and Hasan (1976). For the sentence and phrase structure, we examine the order and the presence or absence of their elements, such as subject, objects, preposition, and conjunction. The data for this paper were taken from writings produced by 11 deaf students from the Dharma Asih High School, Depok, West-Java. The students were asked to write a short passage about their activities on the weekend. Overall, the 11 students produced only 60 sentences. From the analysis of these sentences, we found that the most prominent characteristics of their Indonesian is the absence of grammatical elements (such as conjunctions, prepositions, and affixes) and the absence of sentence elements (such as subject, predicate, and object). Therefore, most of the sentences and phrases produced by deaf children are incomplete ones. The lack of grammatical elements and sentence elements make the texts less coherent and make the sentences difficult to understand. The low number of sentences produced by deaf  students shows that the ability of deaf children in using Indonesian generally is low. This low ability might be related to the ineffectiveness of Indonesian teaching methods for the deaf children. The high number of incomplete sentences produced by deaf students might be related to sign language as their first language. Sign languages do not have so many grammatical elements as spoken/written languages and this structure of sign
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 171
language in the process of learning might be transferred to written language (Indonesian).
The Students’ Motivation in Learning English as a Foreign Language through Discovery Learning Sabrina Asrianty Putri, Sisilia S. Halimi
In Indonesia, the Curriculum 2013 encourages teachers to use discovery learning for the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL). However, the success of this method depends on the students’ motivation. At least in the last decade, there have been multiple studies on the students’ motivation and the implementation of discovery learning of English as a foreign language. Unfortunately, there are still limited discussions about the students’ motivation on the implementation of discovery learning in an EFL classroom in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to look into Indonesian female and male students’ motivation in learning English language in a classroom that implements discovery learning. The objective was to answer the question of how the students’ motivational introspections and orientations regarding their experiences in learning EFL through discovery learning was. Thus, the result of the present study reveals the most significant motivational factor. The subjects in this study were the students of SMAN X Jakarta. The research collected both quantitative and qualitative data that were gathered through a survey and interviews. The cross-sectional survey was adapted from Motivated Language Strategy Questionnaire (MLSQ) to investigate the students’ six motivational factors: intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning beliefs, self-efficacy for learning and performance, and test anxiety. Then, the survey was analyzed using the Independent-Sample T-test and descriptive analysis. Meanwhile, the semi-structured interviews were translated into the verbatim transcriptions and were analyzed using the grounded theory analysis. The quantitative data findings reveal that extrinsic goal orientation became the most motivating factor for the students to implement discovery learning in studying EFL. Even so, the findings do not dismiss the significance of the other five motivational factors as the qualitative data explain how the students perceived the six motivational factors differently. The findings in this study also suggest some ways to enhance English language learning and teaching through discovery learning.
172 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Systematic Design of Commissive Speech Acts: the case of argumentation on 2019 Indonesia’s Presidential Debates Dwi Purwanto, Filia
Electoral debate plays a part in determining the result of a presidential election. According to Prokop from Vox (2016), electoral debates may contribute to the slight shift of votes. In a ballot race, this means a lot. Electoral debates also act as a medium for each candidate to express their vision and mission for the better of the country they are running for. Thus, stating good and valid arguments during electoral debates is very important. Having a better knowledge to make and identify good arguments will open greater chance for people to make greater influence and impacts. The research aims to identify whether specific patterns can be observed from arguments related to commissive speech acts such as promises, threats, refusals and pledges that were presented during the 2019 Indonesia’s presidential debates and whether the patterns could better describe the validity of the arguments being stated. The research focuses on how Aristotle’s theory of ethos, phatos, and logos and Toulmin’s model of argumentation could be integrated to make sense the Austin’s felicity’s condition. There were three stages of analysis being considered for this research. Data gathering stage involves the activity of collecting data under specific criteria from transcriptions of ¬†the presidential debate videos, analysis stage involves identifying the syntactic structures of premises that form the arguments, put them into categories and classify them based on the level of sincerity they produced, and interpretation stage involves activities to identify any specific conditions to which the categories and classifications can be applied. The result showed that all of the arguments related to commissive speech acts that were presented during the 2019 Indonesia’s presidential debates may consist of 2, 3, and 4 premises. Each premise implied an act of showing proof of contribution, emphasizing gaps, or stating a commitment and fell into one of the following categories: (1) high sincerity, (2) low sincerity, and (3) irrelevant. The research also showed that there are mixed numbers of arguments with high sincerity, low sincerity, and irrelevant. The arguments that were proposed during the 2019 Indonesia’s presidential debates depends entirely on situations and thus, produces a varied degree of validity.
The Translation Process of Indonesian Cuisine Recipe’s titles into German Syavira Paramitha Nugraha, M. Sally H. L. Pattinasarany
The title of this study is "The Translation Process of Indonesian Cuisine Recipe’s titles into German". The book that is used for this study is a cookbook entitled Sajian dari Kedai Hamburg - Retnos Indonesische Kostlichkeiten by Retno Goemelar in 2015. This cookbook is written in two languages, Indonesian and German. This study discussed how the translations process is done by the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 173
translator in translated three titles of these Indonesian cuisine recipes that included as part of appetizer (Vorspeise) into German. The title of these three recipes is pempek kapal selam, otak-otak and siomay dan bakso tahu. The word pempek kapal selam is translated as mit Ei gefulltem Fischkuchen, otak- otak is translated as gegrillter Fischkuchen, meanwhile siomay dan bakso tahu is translated as gefullte Wantan und Tofu. Two out of these three recipes translated into the same word that is Fischkuchen, because these two recipes have the same main ingredient (fish). In this study, the theories that are used to examine the translation of these three titles of the recipe is the theory by Newmark, which focuses on the meaning translations. Meanwhile, the translation process in this cookbook followed the translation model by Kade, which means this method focuses on the role of translators as a communications intermediary between the sender (Sender) and receiver (Empfanger). The translation method that is used in translating these three recipe titles used the communicative translation method by Newmark. In bringing the title of a food’s recipe, the translation is oriented to the interpretation of culture, because the conversion is related to the culture of the two countries between the source country and target country. As a result, this study found that two of the three titles of this recipe used three of the cultural translation techniques, that is Equivalent term, Addition, and Substractions. However, one title from the recipe used only the Equivalent term and Addition. Also, it was found that the translation of pempek kapal selam and otak-otak were equivalent, while the translation of siomay dan bakso tahu was not really equivalent.
The Variety of Interrogative Sentences in Ibeonsaeng-eun Cheoeum-ira Drama Alfiani Rahmi Chandraswara, Usmi
Unlike the Indonesian Language, the Korean Language considered as a verb- final language which means that all the verbs in Korean written at the end of the sentence. A verb which located at the end of the sentence always followed by the jonggyeol eomi (final ending). Jonggyeol eomi is one of the Korean grammar features that belong to eomi (ending). Eomi is a grammatical feature attached to the basic words such as verbs or adjectives. This paper focused on analyzing the final ending or jonggyeol eomito determine the variety of Korean sentences. The corpus speech data used for the research is taken from 2017 drama called Ibeonsaeng-eun Cheoeum-ira. The story of the drama tells about the life of the main character when socialize within the family, friends and work environment. The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the variety of sentences based on the final ending (jonggyeol eomi) and the use of interrogative sentence in the drama. Literature used for this research mainly based on Lee & Ramsey (2000) and Gu, et.al (2015). There are a number of studies that have analyzed the type of sentences and a variety of sentences.
174 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
However, unlike the previous studies, the object examined in this study was drama and focused on the type and variety of interrogative sentences. This study uses descriptive-analytics qualitative method with listening and note- taking technic. The finding of this study leads that 594 types and 422 variety of interrogative sentences were found. Type of language which often used is yes or no question (panjeong uimunmun) and WH Questions (seolmyeong uimunmun). The variety of language which often used is informal (banmalche) and polite (haeyoche). The type of interrogative sentence called choice sentence (seontaek uimunmun) only appears once and a semi-formal (haoche) variety of languages is not found in the drama. The results of this study suggest the use of jonggyeol eomi should be considered carefully with the purpose, the identity of the speaker and the situation.
Time Reference and Telicity in Agrammatic Aphasia in Bahasa Indonesia Siti Eka Soniawati, Harwintha Yuhria Anjarningsih, Myrna Laksman-Huntley
Cross-language studies show a tendency towards verb disorders in patients with Broca’s aphasia, for example Dutch (Bastiaanse & Van Zonneveld, 2004), Russian (Dragoy & Bastiaanse, 2010), English (Cho-Reyes & Thompson, 2012), and Turkish (Faroqi-Shah & Friedman, 2015). It not only affects the inflection of verbs, but also time reference (time and aspect) and telicity (Platonov, 2007; Bastiaanse & Platonov, 2015). Compared to Indonesian (BI) as a non-inflected language, BI verbs can independently express telicity, both in basic and derived forms (affixes). Furthermore, BI time reference simultaneously pays attention to semantic information which is characterized by the use of syntactic and lexical adverbials. The disorder in this language is interesting to explore, to see if there are obstacles that arise other than the possibility due to inflection, semantic influences or even other reasons. If the two main hypotheses are correct, PADILIH (Bastiaanse et al, 2011) stating that the past time reference is difficult for agrammatic speakers and the AAM hypothesis (Bastiaanse & Platonov, 2015) claiming that the combination of argument structure, time, and aspect determines the performance of agrammatic speakers, something similar will be observed in BI. The characteristics of the study subjects included: (1) three people diagnosed with agrammatic Broca’s aphasia with a minimum of 3 months post-onset, as determined based on The Aphasia Tests for Diagnosis, Information, and Rehabilitation (TADIR; Dharmaperwira-Prins, 1996) and six NBD speakers, (2) have good hearing and vision; and (4) the background is adjusted for age, gender, education, and occupation. In the data elicitation, the researchers used an adapted Test for Assessing Reference of Time (TART, Bastiaanse et al, 2008) to test production and comprehension of telic/atelic verbs and time reference. Instruments in the form of sentences that have been validated, consisting of subject + verb (intransitive) in basic and derived forms. The results showed that the performance of agrammatic speakers in the production of telic/atelic task was not significantly impaired.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 175
However, derived forms of verbs were difficult to produce. Fewer number of affixed verbs was produced compared to basic verbs. While in comprehension performance, agrammatic speakers are relatively spared. As for the results of production and comprehension of time reference, agrammatic speakers experience obstacles mainly referring to the past, both syntactically and lexically. This finding is in harmony with the PADILIH hypothesis. However, regarding telicity, the AAM hypothesis cannot be generalized possibly due to differences in language typology.
Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms into Korean: Laskar Pelangi and Bellitung Somui Alya Shofia Anindia Nirwana, Usmi
The function of language in a society is as a communication tool that is used to maintain the culture of each speaker. Therefore, the translation process is needed in transferring these cultural words. This study intends to find out how words containing cultural terms are translated from Indonesian into Korean and what techniques are used in translating them. For these purposes, two main research questions are formulated. First, how are the words related to the cultural term translated from Indonesian into Korean as the target language? Second, what methods are used in translating these cultured words? From the results of this study, it was found that there are 102words, containing cultural words that appear and can be divided into 3 categories according to Newmark theory(1988), namely ecology 54 words, cultural material 37 words, and social culture 11 words. From these 102 words it was found that 50 cultural words were not translated into target language text. While the techniques used in translating cultural words tend to vary according to the meaning of the context of the text, this technique refers to the theory of Newmark (1988), namely transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, descriptive, transposition, synonym, literal translation, modulation, and footnotes. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for those who need information about how the term cultural words in Indonesian are translated into Korean, and what method is most appropriate is used to translate words related to cultural terms.
Verbal-Visual Intersemiosis in Science Textbooks for Basic Level in Indonesia Budi Hermawan, F.X. Rahyono
Research on science education in Indonesia has been focused mostly on the area of developing teaching instrument, teaching material, teaching
176 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
techniques, and the influence of motivation on learning science. There have not been many investigations that probed into how the modes co-deployed in science texts such as science textbooks work to represent and communicate the science. Linguistic research on textbooks play a strategic role to contribute theoretically and methodologically to the designing of communicative textbooks. In fact, texts used in the teaching of science make use of visual mode and mathematical symbols in addition to using verbal language. The article reports the research aimed at finding and explaining verbal-visual intersemiosis in science textbooks for basic level in Indonesia to represent the science ideationally. The article is also aimed at finding and discussing challenges that will potentially hinder the scientific messages communicated through the co-deployment of linguistic signs and visual text. The research is descriptive qualitative and employs metafunction theory proposed by Halliday (1984, 1994) that has been extended to be used on modes other that verbal by among other O’Toole (1994), O’Halloran (2005), and Unsworth (2006). The theory proposes that any mode realises three area of meanings which are ideational, interpersonal and textual and that in a multimodal text the message conveyed as a whole is the result of the interaction of the different modes co- deployed. The data for the research are in the form of linguistic signs and pictures co-deployed on the same page of science textbooks for grade 7-9 in Indonesia. The findings show that realitics pictures are used to represent the science as knowledge that is close to the readers’ daily experience of objects and entities. Verbally, relational process are used to represent science as the description of entities with specific characters, features and identities. Experientially, verbal texts and pictures can show ideational concurrence. Logico-semantically, verbal-visual intersemiosis leads to meaning extension in the form of exemplification, clarification and exposition. Ideational “nonconcurrence” of verbal texts and pictures contributed by ignorance of those responsible for the textbooks making along with incomplete labels serving as indexical reference in the textbooks are the challenges potentially hindering the scientific messages communicated to be wholly and appropriately comprehended. The findings on the verbal-visual intersemiosis shed important light for textbooks designers on how should they present the subject content by using pictures, position, and layout that better facilitate the textbooks‚ readers comprehension of the content.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 177
SUBTHEME: INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ARCHIVING IN CONTEMPORARY KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION
Criticism of Technological Democracy to Loosen The Grip of Technology: Issues of User Privacy Space In Digital Network Mutiara Indah Taher, James F. Mendrofa
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 is identical with digitalization and network communication technology in modern society. Internet of Things (IoT) is a network protocol between digital equipment connected to the internet network. Big data is the result of a digital network record of technology devices. Smart city is a city governance policy that utilizes big data carried out by government apparatus. Smart city is a phenomenon of public space that intersects with the user's privacy space. This paper describes the power of digital network technology implemented in smart city. The existence and essence of technology comes from the finitudes of human relations with the world. The progress of civilization leads to technology that is able to master the lives of users by framing complexity, efficiency, effectiveness, and innovation. Other side users have the potential to risk losing the privacy space even though the user's apathy is more frightening. Surveillance of smart city proves that users are victims of technology because there is a violation of the rights of private data subject ownership taken by government officials. The power of technology used by government apparatus forms the supervision of the public space system to regulate and control society. Identification of illustrated technological power from the form of surveillance of panopticon digital network technology. The privacy space is getting narrower because technology gripping users on practical implementation. Users stricken technophobia as a form of technology anxiety. The method used in this research is logical construction. The fundamental method is applied on the theories of democratic rationalization to explain logically the phenomena of modern technology  that the connection of technological surveillance in the limitations private space of users. Forms of limitations in the user's technology in choosing, knowing and participating directly. Democracy is a solution that paves the way for access humans finitude to technology. Technological democracy can accommodate dialogue between technology and human finitude. The concept of self-management and participatory democracy are the components of technological democracy to overcome alienation, technophobia and capitalism. The way technological democracy works is open participation to protect individual rights (privacy) and use data wisely. Technological democracy opens a forum for community participation in decision-making that is adapted to technology that supports technology relations and social society in a democratic way.
178 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Development of Static Archive Storage Media in the Face of Digital Era: Case Study of Archival Unit of FIB UI Gracia Yashodara, Yuliani Safitri, Margareta Aulia Rachman
The rapid of technological development helps organization to store their information, specifically static archive storage. With the presence of technology, it is enabling the static archives to be stored for long periods of time to fulfill the organization needs in the future. One of the organization that applies digital storage technology is Archival Unit of the Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia (FIB UI), the function of this unit is as a container in storing all archives and records of work unit activities at FIB UI. In its implementation, technological developments are increasingly fast and forcing archival units to apply technology to their archive storage media. The aim of the research is to explain the development of static archive storage media at Archival Unit of FIB UI. This qualitative research uses study case approach and the data are collected by direct observation and interviews with several informants from the Archival Unit of FIB UI. The result of the research shows that the static archive storage media at Archival Unit of FIB UI has changed from time to time in accordance with technological developments. Changes in storage media start from traditional forms that were originally in physical or paper form, then changed into the form of digitalization, to the born digital form. Things that need to be considered in the static archive storage media are how static archives are processed, maintained, stored, and retrieved back in digital storage media. In implementing digital storage media to static archives, there are several obstacles that are owned by the Archival Unit of FIB UI, namely the lack of human resources to manage or apply digital technology to the static archive storage media itself as well as limited funds. The focus of this study is aimed at those who is responsible for managing the sustainability of static archives, particularly in terms of storing them in the Archival Unit of the Faculty of Humanities University of Indonesia and it is expected that responsible parties can overcome obstacles and implement technology in static archive storage.
Digitization Process as a Form of Archives Preservation: case study in Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia Nesia Nusantari, Farah Khairunnisa, Margareta Aulia Rachman
Archives are important records and it is an essential thing to save them, because they have significant values for organization. Archives are the records which have historical value, the retention period has ended, and marked as permanent. Archives must be managed in the correct way, so that the values contained in them are maintained properly. In order to maintain the values on archives, one of the actions which can be taken is preservation. Preservation which can be done on archives are digitization to the archives which are still in
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 179
the physical form. Digitization is one of the appropriate ways to do the preservation in this digital era, because they could broaden the access to the archive. Furthermore, digitization is more effective and efficient for archive preservation. Nevertheless, not all of the archives could be easily digitized. The limitedness of the digitization equipment is one of the the obstacles. Furthermore, the policy about the digitization process is not comprehensive and detailed. There is no formal written policy from the institution itself. Hence, this research aims to describe how the archives digitization process have a role in archive preservation. The scope of this research is electronic archives of Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia. This is qualitative research, which is using case study approach. The data accumulations are done by observing and interviewing the staff of Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia. All of the archives in Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia are in physical forms, which consist of papers, photos, video, and audios. Archives in physical form are susceptible to biological factors, such as insects and fungi. Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia is taking an action to prevent those by digitizing the archives. The digitization process is done on the paper archives, photos, and videos. The videos are digitized by using the third-party services and the audios are not digitized yet, due to limitedness of the digitization equipment. The digitization process is performed by staff’s knowledge and shared to the others verbally, because Kantor Arsip Universitas Indonesia does not have a formal written policy. Digitization equipment and formal policy have a big role in the digitization process. Without the digitization equipment, the digitization process can be obstructed, so archive preservation is not working optimally. Formal written policy as a guideline for digitizing could help staffs to work with formal standards, do the digitization well, and all the digital archives format are the same. Keywords: digitization archive, preservation, digitization policy, digitization equipment.
Electronic Content Management Using Social Media for Supporting and Primary Tools in Media Advertising in Macro Ad Company Margareta Aulia Rachman, Sabhrina Intan Ayutami, Regina Lisa Firstia
MacroAd is one of the advertising services that offers a different system by using DOOH system or Digital Out Of Home system, known as LINIKINI content that is installed on every KRL carriage throughout Jabodetabek. As an advertising service the content produced by MacroAd is very varied and has a very dynamic cycle. Plus in every decision making on content management requires consideration from many parties such as the product owner, PT KAI, and MacroAd itself as the content manager. This article will aim to provide an overview of the workings and content management of DOOH advertising media and the strategies for using social media that they use in their content management. Uniquely, as an advertising service, MacroAd is required to become a content manager that must be concerned with the use of social
180 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
media. The benefits obtained by using social media can certainly help in content dynamics through promotion. The problem is that DOOH systems owned by MacroAd using special television media on each train carriage are the main goal of LINIKINI's MacroAd service, but because the quality of special television media performance is supported by the majority of KRL train users who have more preference for gadgets making DOOH's main function not too functioning. If on television we recognize the rating and share as well as the activity of watching that is calculated from each television owner, then the difference will be different from MacroAd, from the basic point of view and procedures used in determining policies for content that are supported by participation in social media. and other procedures and bases that are adjusted to the management of the content they use.
Electronic Mail (E-Mail) Record Management at SDN Kebon Jeruk 06 as Support in Education Operational Activities Alivia Rosearynandira, Lulu Habati Rizky, Margareta Aulia Rachman
Electronic mail, or commonly known as e-mail is widely use by people these days and usually used for individual or organizational activities. Every organization has done some changes in how they held their business. E-mail is now being use not only for business transaction but also to communicate either internally or externally. One of the example of organization that use e-mail for their business is SDN Kebon Jeruk 06, which is managed by the administrative unit. This public elementary school manages their electronic record using a computer, and the same hardware is also being use for their correspondence activity using e-mail. This research aims to explain e-mail record management which is held by the administrative unit of SDN Kebon Jeruk 06, the administrative unit’s efforts by managing the electronic record (especially e- mail records), and describe their obstacles as they are doing the school’s record management. Data that used for this research is the result of our interview with the electronic record manager of SDN Kebon Jeruk 06. This research uses a descriptive method in qualitative approach. The method of data collection is observing the administrative unit of SDN Kebon Jeruk 06 and interview with the administrative staff whose duty is managing the electronic record of the school. SDN Kebon Jeruk 06 follows the trend of using e-mail in order to run their daily business, as the usage of e-mail is primary needs for now. As in the past, many researches explain about how electronic record keeping was limited to computer storage. But in this new era, the researches now explain about how the electronic record keeping can be done by using the e-mail storage. The e-mail platform’s storage is unique and has its own policies depending on their users. In this research we are also explaining how a public elementary school treat their electronic record, SDN Kebon Jeruk 06 has not yet manage their e-mail record according to the rules that exist in the archive standard. They are only using their own policies which fit their needs. There are
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 181
no expert to manage the record and the low usage of e-mail which lead this school to have no standard for their record management. However, this school manage it properly as what they needed, so that they found no difficulties in electronic record retrieval which came from their transaction using e-mail.
Electronic Record Management using Cloud Computing System Juanitos Rizalifio, Nina Mayesti
Organization are a group of people who shared same vision and mission to achieve goal by carrying out a business process. Organization create a record to document a business transaction activity. The record must be managed because it concerned with the legal and organizational evidence for business transaction. In the era of information technology, organization can use computerized system that integrated with network to manage a record that most of all record produced now are already born digital. This paper will discuss the record management using cloud computing architecture. The record was created with the document stream mechanism and created from collaboration of many parties with the access according to its role, and can be monitored in real-time on every devices. This research conducted at PT. Daya Merry Persada by examining project achievement record as a result of databased information system using Microsoft excel. This research is expected to open new insight regarding use of cloud technology for company record management that can be made collaboratively and accessed real time from wide variety of devices therefore company can be improved coordination in business transaction. In addition, cloud technology now really cheap but has a huge impact to company record management. Today cloud also support security and validity of records. The methodology use in this research is case study specifically to the project achievement records of PT. Daya Merry Persada. With qualitative approach, researchers interviewed key informant that were an IT staff that manages cloud system and its record. The result of this paper are how cloud-based record management proven to improve performance by making coordination between divisions seamlessly and directors can monitoring project based on real-time data from variety of devices. The use of this system also to eliminate data dependence on one employee. In addition, the system really practical to use for employee that accustomed using Microsoft Excel, cheap but have big impact on company. Research on electronic document management has been conducted by Sahidi et, al on database of UD Ambarukmo New Social Agency Yogyakarta but did not mention about use of cloud computing. Meanwhile this paper will focus on cloud computing for managing electronic records that can be managed collaboratively.
182 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Implementation of Archival Metrics to Measure The Performance of Archive Management in Universitas Indonesia Environment Intan Veronika, Anon Mirmani
Kantor Arsip Universtitas Indonesia (UI) as a University Archives has the function of monitoring and guiding archive management. In order to supervise and support the creation of Universitas Indonesia as a Good University Governance, Kantor Arsip UI created archival metrics instruments that are useful for measuring performance of archive management in the university, namely in faculties and Pusat Administrasi Universitas (PAU) or University Administration Center, which is so far the archive assessment still focuses on service only. There are three main performance indicators (Key Performances Indicator) which serve as benchmarks in measuring performance of archive management. These indicators are zero-pile up-archives, filling systems, and implementation of official document management (Tata Naskah Dinas). Based on this problem, researchers wanted to find out how the implementation of archival metrics in order to measure the performance of archive management in Universitas Indonesia. The aims are to describe the implementation of archival metrics Kantor Arsip UI and describe archive management performances in Universitas Indonesia, namely the faculties and PAU (Organ and leaders of the University;  Directorates; and Office, Technical Implementation Unit, and Board) seen from three main indicators that already mentioned earlier. Data were collected from survey and interviews by referring to Kantor Arsip’s archival metrics instrument. Performance achievement for zero- pile up- archives indicators are: faculty is in sufficient category, with a percentage of 59% in yellow zone; Organ & Leaders of University and the Directorate have bad category performance with 87% and 67% in red zone respectively; and Office, Technical Implementation Unit, and Board is in bad and sufficient category with 47% in red and yellow zones respectively. Then, performance achievement for filling system indicators are: faculty is in sufficient category, with a percentage of 56% in yellow zone; Organ & Leaders of University and the Directorates, and Office, Technical Implementation Unit, and Board have bad category performance with 75%, 54%, and 47% in red zone respectively. Lastly, performance achievement for implementation of official document management are: faculty and Organ & Leaders of University are in sufficient category, with a percentage of 59% and 50% in yellow zone respectively; the Directorates is in good category with 46% in green zone; and Office, Technical Implementation Unit, and Board is in deficient category performance with 29% in red zone. This article will finally reveal how is archive management performances and what is benefit of archival metrics implementation in Universitas Indonesia.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 183
Information Governance Involvement in Managing Corporate Social Media (A Case Study of MyRepublic Indonesia) Nabila Putri Melfiani, Novia Retno Sahrulloh, Margareta Aulia Rachman
The existence of social media in this information era has been looked over by enterprises as a catalyst for them to support and optimize their business. In managing information contained by social media, those organizations need to adapt Information Governance (IG) for managing the social media. Unfortunately, many corporates have not applied IG to their use of social media. This is why, in this article, we analyze whether MyRepublic Indonesia has used IG in their social media use or not. The research aims to describe MyRepublic Indonesia’s social media utilization in accordance with Information Governance within the theory of Boutopoulou (2015), six steps to develop IG for social media: 1) set a clear and concise Social Media Governance Strategy; 2) set a detailed and comprehensive Social Media Guideline; 3) be in line with current legal and regulatory guidelines concerning social media; 4) data monitoring for social media risk; 5) IT Systems enhancement; 6) workforce education and training. Data were obtained from an interview with a key informant, the digital marketing manager who controls the management of MyRepublic Indonesia’s social media. Research findings examine how this corporate managed their social media from the viewpoint of Boutopoulou’s six steps mentioned earlier. It was found that, although using a plenty of social media tools and guidelines, MyRepublic Indonesia was not aware enough of Information Governance for social media. The evidence is seen from how those six steps were not applied comprehensively. In addition, this company had not seen the urgency of social media archiving which is also a part of Information Governance. MyRepublic Indonesia still focused on the marketing side of social media instead. Therefore, this research will discover the rationales of MyRepublic Indonesia for leaving the Information Governance aspect on social media aside and then will benefit to the consideration of what education background should be possessed by humans who manage social media in corporations.
Information Management e-mail at The Rimba Baca Library in Jakarta Selli Diana Br Bangun, Kintan Achria Putri, Nina Mayesti
Rimba Baca is a small library located in the residential area of Cilandak, South Jakarta with a growing collection of local and international books. With them being a fast growing information institution, the amount of information obtained in their e-mail need a rule to regulate it all. In order to do that, the library needs to identify what kinds of information that their email carried. This study discusses the implementation of e-mail information management at Rimba Baca Library in Jakarta. This study also discusses the process carried out by the Rimba Baca Library in managing the information contained in the e-mail they have. The aim of this study is to identify the process of managing e-mail
184 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
management in the Rimba Baca Library which consists of the process of collecting, processing, storing, distributing, and preventing e-mail from threats of damage. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection is done by interviewing informants, field observations, and literature studies. Research findings evaluate this study indicate that the Rimba Baca Library has implemented an e-mail information management processes such as collecting, processing, storing, distributing, and preventing e-mail from threats of damage. Email has been the standard for business communication across organizations at this time. Just as any other type of business information and record, email must be included as part of, and adhered to, the organizational standards addressing information and records. Meanwhile, the obstacles faced by the Rimba Baca Library in conducting e-mail information management is the lack of awareness of information retention in the e-mail so that there is a buildup and e-mail account managed by several people which causes difficulties in managing the Rimba Baca library. Without the information management of emails, it is difficult for organizations to meet their legal preservation requirements in the event of litigation and government investigations, increasing the effort and cost in responding to e-Discovery and disclosure.
Managing Electronic Records from Website in CDC-UI's Recruitment Process (Career Development Center - Universitas Indonesia) Annisa Ekananda, Citra Melati Nurillahi, Nina Mayesti
The rapid development of information technology has brought us to the era where business records are produced electronically. This also happened in many organizations in Indonesia and CDC-UI is one of those organizations. CDC (Career Development Center) UI is an organization that connects institutions who are searching to find people to work in their company and UI students/alumni who are searching for this opportunity. One of the services that CDC-UI provides is CDC-UI Recruitment where institutions and students/alumni have to register through the website first. This research aims to investigate how CDC-UI manage all electronic records produced from this registration process. The method used for this paper is case study method where CDC-UI is our research object. Data were collected from observing CDC- UI website and also from interviewing staffs from CDC-UI. In CDC-UI they manage documents from website using an automated system provided by third party. Through this third party, in order to manage their electronic records, CDC-UI faced some challenges and barriers which affect certain processes.. From this research, there are some suggestions offered for CDC-UI so that CDC-UI can improve their electronic records management and also the system itself. Keywords: electronic records, electronic records management, electronic records management system, electronic records life cycle, CDC UI.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 185
Managing Social Media As A Business Records: Case Studies Instagram Managing of Universitas Indonesia library Salsa Fastdiecie, Gresia Bernika Br Sembiring, Nina Mayesti
Social media is a platform that cannot be separated from society, both individuals and organizations. Almost all individuals, especially organizations, as objects of research, are competing to use social media in various types. Social media is usually used to promote or present an organization that manages it. However, it cannot be denied that knowledge about the management of content in social media and the policies that govern it are still very limited. Social media has not been seen as an asset of the organization and has not been managed as a record entity within the organization. Therefore, in managing social media, an organization needs Information Governance. The contents of information governance include policies, guidelines for use, and limitations regarding the management of corporate social media. This study uses a qualitative approach to the case study analysis method proposed by Creswell, which explains in detail the cases studied, including the background of what lies behind the case. The purpose of this study is to explain how to manage social media, especially Instagram, which is carried out by the University of Indonesia library. The results of this study are that the University of Indonesia Library does not yet have certain standards and policies in managing social media accounts, but the University of Indonesia Library has begun to be aware of the importance of social media as an asset of the organization. Therefore, the University of Indonesia library has begun filing raw content from social media or utilizing the archiving features provided by social media such as the archive feature in Instagram. This feature is used for posts that are old but still have useful value for the organization. If we archive a post on Instagram, then the post will not appear on the main page and cannot be accessed by anyone other than the organization's social media manager.
Managing Social Media Records in FIB UI Public Relations Herni Wisnumurti Hajar, Nina Mayesti
Public relations and protocols are the spearhead in delivering programs and performance of an organization. In addition, public relations as a source of information is demanded for its ability to face the challenges and changes of the times that are very fast, especially facing the development of information and communication technology. Public Relations is also expected to improve service and information management in each organization, and be able to encourage community participation in the success of various programs whose results can be enjoyed by the public. To improve the ability, public relations
186 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
must master information and communication technology, including social media so that it can find out public needs. The social media used by FIB UI Public Relations is Instagram, Twitter, YouTube and Facebook. Every social media used by FIB UI Public Relations has different target users. Therefore FIB UI Public Relations strives as much as possible using existing social media to deal with technological developments and meet user information needs. In the use of social media, of course FIB UI Public Relations also produces records. The resulting record must be managed properly so that it can be reused for organizational activities. The purpose of this study is to describe the management of social media records carried out by the Public Relations and FIB UI Protocol. Data is collected from interviews and textual analysis with reference to existing theories. The results of this study indicate that the management of social media records at FIB UI Public Relations is not maximal because there are findings such as the absence of retention of social media records, insufficient use of opportunities in the use of social media, and lack of human resources. This of course makes the performance of FIB UI Public Relations in managing social media records not in accordance with what is expected in an organization and can cause risks that will occur if not managed properly. This article will finally reveal what was found in the management of public relations social media records at FIB UI Public Relations.
Manajemen Pengetahuan dalam Penyusunan Pedoman Klasifikasi dan Akses Arsip Sebagai Ruang sejumlah Alir Rizkiana Karmelia Shaura, Ike Iswari Lawanda
Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pengetahuan dalam penciptaan akses arsip dinamis inaktif di unit kearsipan Ditjen Dikdasmen Kemendikbud R.I. merupakan konstruksi pengetahuan sejumlah individu yang terdiri dari karyawan tanpa kompetensi arsip. Akses arsip merupakan peraturan dan aturan yang membatasi dan mengendalikan arsip dan pengguna arsip selain menata keberadaan arsip agar terus bertahan sebagai khazanah arsip. Tujuannya menganalisis pengorganisasian pengetahuan dari sejumlah pengurus arsip dalam proses penciptaan sistem klasifikasi keamanan arsip yang dikendalikan oleh perintah dan kendali pusat dalam berkoordinasi, Hal ini memungkinkan individu berinovasi dan mengelola kegiatan dalam jaringan antar unit pengolah. Metode studi kasus dilakukan untuk menganalisis data yang terkumpul dari enam informan yang terdiri dari pegawai unit kearsipan Ditjen Dikdasmen Kemendikbud R.I.dan pegawai yang terlibat langsung di unit kearsipan. Dokumen terkait penataan arsip dikaji untuk mendapatkan cakupan arsip di Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh kebijakan akses klasifikasi menggunakan model SECI sebagai strategi mengonstruksi pengetahuan implisit dan eksplisit. Pedoman klasifikasi keamanan dan akses arsip agar dapat menjamin terjaganya fisik arsip serta menjamin keamanan informasi yang terkandung di dalam arsip dinamis inaktif. Manajemen pengetahuan
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 187
dalam penyusunan pedoman klasifikasi dan akses arsip merupakan refleksi dari oposisi dialektikal yang berlangsung di antara ruang bekerjanya sejumlah alir dan ruang dari sejumlah tempat. Ruang dalam manajemen pengetahuan individu penata arsip merupakan manifestasi kuasa dan fungsi yang bersifat dominan.
Obstacles and Challenges in Managing Student Organization’s E-mail: Case Study in BEM Universitas Indonesia Nur Apriyanti, Mouly Ika Lutfiati, Margareta Aulia Rachman
E-mail is an integral part of the organization. The development of information and communication technology makes e-mail become a part of the organization’s business that is carried out daily. Therefore, the messages made or received can be used as organizational records that can be accounted in the future. However, managing e-mail is often ignored by the organization because it is considered only as an ordinary message that does not need to be considered. This can be found in several organizations, starting from small- scale organizations. One of them could be found in an organization managed by students in college life. Student Executive Board which are usually known as BEM Universitas Indonesia is an organization that has an important role in the movement of another scholars’ organization in it. Hence managing e-mail as a part that supports core business of organization cannot be underestimated. The absence of guidance and management procedures ranging from creation to archiving the e-mail become a problem that was considered in this study. The purpose of this paper is to be able to explain how the managing concept of e-mail as a record can be applied to the organization, especially in BEM UI. In addition, the author is also identifying the management of e-mails carried out by BEM UI. Benefits obtained from this study can be a guideline for BEM UI and other scholar organizations in this university to be able to improve their management of e-mails. In the field of science, this paper is expected to contribute the research regarding the management of e-mail. This is a descriptive qualitative research with data collection technique through observation and interview. The method used in the selection of informant is purposive sampling with several criterias, that are (1) core management or daily governing body BEM UI period 2018-2019; and (2) knowing the e-mail governance from BEM UI 2019. The key findings from this research still has lack of governance of e-mail as organization records, especially in the storage section. Therefore, the condition without the guide that made by BEM UI or university make the managers have misinformation and only rely on experience when managing it. But behind that, in the process of distribution and use of e- mail, BEM UI 2019 have better rules. Therefore, there needs to be a review of how e-mails are managed by the organization and establish the standards for e-mail management that can also be applied to other scholar organizations within the faculty.
188 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Pengelolaan Rekod Elektronik pada PT Jasa Marga Properti: Suatu Studi Kasus Andre Nusa Dio
Arsip elektronik memiliki peranan penting dalam sistem administrasi, selain itu juga sebagai alat bukti yang sah berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 11 pasal 5 ayat (1) Tahun 2008. Perkembangan teknologi informasi mengharuskan arsip diolah secara elektronik. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk menjelaskan tentang apa dan bagaimana cara mengelola arsip elektronik secara konseptual. Makalah ini disusun berdasarkan studi literatur. Peralatan yang digunakan untuk mengelola arsip elektronik berupa hardware (komputer, print scanner, media penyimpanan) dan software. Pegelolaan arsip elektronik berbeda dengan arsip cetak. Arsip elektronik memiliki empat siklus pengelolaan yaitu penciptaan dan penyimpanan, distribusi dan penggunaan, pemeliharaan, dan disposisi. Pemindahan arsip cetak ke dalam arsip elektronik bisa dilakukan dengan cara scanning, conversion, importing. Sedangkan penyimpanan arsip elektronik bisa dilakukan secara online, offline maupun nearline. PT Jasa Marga Properti memiliki kapasitas arsip yang cukup tinggi sehingga sistem penyimpanan arsip dalam perusahaan ini harus benar- benar dilakukan secara teliti dan hati-hati agar pada saat arsip dibutuhkan, arsip dapat lebih cepat ditemukan. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan ini menerapkan sistem penyimpanan arsip secara terkomputerisasi atau otomasi kearsipan. Aplikasi yang digunakan dalam penyimpanan arsip secara elektronik ini yaitu dengan menerapkan Sistem Arsip Elektronik (SAE). Penerapan aplikasi ini bermanfaat untuk membantu para pegawai perusahaan dalam pengarsipan dokumen perusahaan, lebih menghemat waktu, tenaga dan biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan. Dalam penulisan makalah ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Sistem Penyimpanan Arsip Elektronik di PT Jasa Marga Properti yang beralamat di Plaza Tol Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Jalan Jasa Marga RT 008/02 Kel. Dukuh, Kec. Kramat Jati Jakarta Timur. Jenis pengamatan yang digunakan dalam penulisan makalah ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan oleh penulis yaitu narasumber, dokumen, dan peristiwa atau aktivitas. Teknik pengumpulan datanya yaitu dengan melakukan observasi berperan aktif, wawancara, dan kajian dokumen. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu model analisi interaktif yang berupa reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan arsip di PT Jasa Marga Properti ini menggunakan metode scanning dokumen ke dalam komputer melalui aplikasi Sistem Arsip Elektronik (SAE). Dalam hal ini pengelolaan dan penyimpanan arsip dilakukan di masing-masing seksi dan selanjutnya pegawai seksi akan menyimpan arsip dalam aplikasi Sistem Arsip Elektronik (SAE). Arsip yang disimpan dalam Sistem Arsip Elektronik (SAE) ini yaitu berupa dokumen yang berhubungan dengan polis asuransi, klaim asuransi, dokumen
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 189
pemeliharaan, serta dokumen transaksi keuangan. Komponen sistem penyimpanan arsip elektronik yang meliputi memindahkan dokumen dengan cara scan dokumen, menyimpan dokumen dengan asas gabungan antara sentralisasi dan desentralisasi, mengindeks dokumen dengan kata kunci dan sistem indeks yang diterapkan pada masing-masing seksi, dan mengontrol akses dengan cara menjaga keamanan dokumen. Arsip yang disimpan dalam aplikasi Sistem Arsip Elektronik (SAE) di PT Jasa Marga Properti.
Searching for The Missing Persons Focusing on Document Management Febriyanto, Rahmi, Ike Iswary Lawanda
Twenty years after the independence of the Democratic Republic of Timor- Leste, thousands of people that separated by conflicts is still searching to clarify their family members who remain missing, and thus, studies on the document management of missing persons are great of importance. In this study, we investigated the management of document about missing persons, by applying Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M-GTA) obtained through direct observation and interviewing seven informants from the Cruz Vermelha de Timor-Leste (CVTL) in Dili, Timor-Leste, and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) offices in Dili, Timor-Leste, and in Jakarta, Indonesia. The outcomes of analysis yielded three concerns such as 1) documents about missing persons, 2) document management about searching missing persons in progress, 3) the meaning of documents of missing persons and document management that covered from disaster management as an activity on the response stage. The findings identified the importance of the document as a media that gave back the lives of missing persons after the Timor-Leste conflict ended. In line with document management, the control function arises because of an interest in protecting and reviving problem, people, activities, and events. The assessments on the proposed processes of missing persons’ document management are ranging from creation, description and use, storage and maintenance, index and classification, storage, access and retrieval, to supervision. Management is carried out on documents due to its originality, confidentiality, evidence, hierarchy, and sensitivity contents. The findings also suggest that the primary concern of the organisation is to manage documents to achieve its objectives as indicated by the ICRC as a humanitarian organisation in response to the search for missing persons as a result of the conflict. To sum up, this study proposes a new insight into the study of documents through exposure to the missing persons’ document management process that will support a form of response stage to the disaster that occurred in Timor-Leste.
190 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Indonesian Supreme Court Library: Its Function and Role in Advocating the Vision and Mission of the Parent Institution Nur Halimah, Luki Wijayanti
The Indonesian Supreme Court Library is a law library which serves the highest court in Indonesia. The eminency of the Supreme Court as the highest judiciary within four judicial environments comprising public courts, religious courts, military courts and administrative courts has significant implications for the library's responsibility. This article analyses the function and role of the Indonesian Supreme Court Library in advocating the vision and mission of its parent institution. The aim is to describe the function and role of the Indonesian Supreme Court Library by focusing on its activities and services and by identifying political, economic, social and technological factors within its macro environment. Data were collected from direct observations, interviews and document analysis by referring to and adjusting library strategic planning concept. The findings indicate that the Indonesian Supreme Court Library primarily performs the information function. Nevertheless, the practice is considered traditional as it relies much on technical activities such as procuring, publishing, processing and disseminating legal materials. Although these activities have fulfilled the library’s vision and mission itself, the library management needs to go the extra mile to support its parent institution’s vision and mission. In addition, the services and activities carried out by the Indonesian Supreme Court Library have also not been able to demonstrate its specialty as a law library serving such a supreme body. Of the four Indonesian Supreme Court’s mission statements, there are three points in which the library can play its roles which are on the subjects of judicial independence, legal service for litigants and judicial transparency. However, the library’s roles are considered vague. For instance, the library’s role in enhancing judicial independence is carried out by merely providing legal sources and materials. Librarians do not offer any specialized services to judges to accommodate them in making decisions. The library’s role in promoting the judicial transparency also seems to be incomplete for not yet creating space where public users can engage with information in the library. This article will finally reveal how the library should attempt to support its parent institution by optimizing various factors within its macro environment.
The Use of Electronic Document and Records Management System in Managing Hybrid Records in the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Naila Rahma, Nina Mayesti
The rapid development of information and communications technology over the past few decades have impacted many different working sectors, including archive and records management. In the past few years, offices begun to
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 191
implement technology to support archival activities. This can be seen from the many researched that have been done around the topic of electronic records management. Recently, more researches focus on the technicality of the systems, or on how the office’s electronic record management needs are accommodated. Very few talks about how systems support the transition into managing electronic records. This paper will focus on how Indonesia’s Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) implemented Electronic Document and Records Management System (EDRMS) to support its transition into managing electronic records. KKP has implemented an EDRMS since 2012 named Sistem Kearsipan (SIKap, for short) to support the management of KKP’s electronic records and archives. An early observation shows that because SIKap has just been implemented since 2012, records created before that are managed as hybrid records while others are left to be managed manually. This article will focus on how KKP uses SIKap to manage hybrid records. The aim of this research is to find out whether or not SIKap supports hybrid records management, and if so, how it is implemented. Findings of this research will bring significant impacts to offices by offering a solution to those who are transitioning into managing electronic records. Data were collected through participant observation, based on EDRMS requirements set by the International Council of Archives. There are 10 requirements regarding the management of hybrid records, i.e. requirements number 134 to 143. Complementary data were collected through interviews conducted with archivists. Research findings shows that SIKap allows hybrid records management within its system. Out of 10 requirements, 6 requirements are fulfilled by SIKap though some are customized to be aligned with KKP’s records management needs. KKP’s archivists claim that since SIKap was developed, management of non- electronic records created before SIKap were affected in the way that archivists could locate, use, and track retention periods of non-electronic records easily. However, not all non-electronic records were managed as hybrid records. This is because KKP creates so many records daily, so it is seen as a waste of time if KKP’s archivists had to input every active record into SIKap. Only vital records and other records that contains important information were to be managed in SIKap.
The Utilization of Archive Electronic System to Support Services at the University of Indonesia Archives Office Sofiana Rahmawati, Anon Mirmani
The Archive Electronic System (SEKAR) is a system developed by the University of Indonesia Archives Office to help archivists manage static archives and make it easier for users to retrieve archives and borrow archives so this system can support archive services at the University of Indonesia Archives Office. This article analyses the process of utilizing the Archive Electronic System (SEKAR) in supporting the services of the University of Indonesia Archives Office. The
192 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
aim is to find out the process of utilizing the Archive Electronic System (SEKAR) by focusing on the rediscovery of archives and archival information request services. Data was collected from observations and interviews with the Service and Archive System Development Coordinator, service staff of the University of Indonesia Archives Office, and several service users. The findings of this study revealing that the Archive Electronic System (SEKAR) facilitates users and archivists in finding the required archive collections. Archive search can be access from all places. In addition, there is some information about the archive to facilitate the search for the existence of the archive. The information includes titles, date of creation, location of storage, creator of the archive, and history of the use of archives. The ease of this archive retrieval can create the service of the University of Indonesia Archives Office that is fast, precise and agile. The Archive Electronic System (SEKAR) also has an archive information request service that can be used to facilitate users in borrowing the required records. In terms of archive borrowing, the University of Indonesia Archives Office has established procedures and policies for users to fill out the archive information request form first if they want to borrow the archive. This archive information request form can be filled through the Archive Electronic System (SEKAR) so that users do not have to bother to come directly to the University of Indonesia Archives Office. This article finally revealed that the existence of the Archive Electronic System (SEKAR) could create an electronically integrated archive service.
Transferring Conventional Records to Electronic Records in Kantor Kearsipan FIB UI Dewi Yulianti, Safarina Maulidiyah
In carrying out its activities, the organization will produce a record. Records that have been created by the organization must be managed properly so that they can be reused for organizational activities and as evidence of the organization's activities. The development of information technology requires records to be processed electronically. Therefore, conventional records are transferred to electronic records. The electronic records have an important program in the administration system, besides that it is also a legitimate evidence based on Undang-undang Nomor 11 pasal 5 ayat (1) Tahun 2008. In this study, it describes the advantages and disadvantages of transferring the records itself, which is not explained in previous research. The purpose of this article is to explain what and how to transfer conventional records to electronic records and what are the problems. The method used in this article is a qualitative research method with interviews, observation and literature studies. Transfer of conventional records requires equipment such as hardware (computers, print scanners, storage media) and software. In the transfer of conventional records, there are four cycles namely creation and storage, distribution and use, maintenance, and disposition. At the Kantor
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 193
Kearsipan FIB UI, the transfer of conventional records into electronic records is done by scanning. The electronic records are stored in CDs. These electronic records are not destroyed because the records are static. There are the problems when transferring conventional records to electronic records such as financial, human resources and the availability of technology. With these obstacles, the transfer of the conventional records to the electronic records in Kantor Kearsipan FIB UI is not carried out effectively and not managed continuously.
Electronic Content Management Using Social Media for Supporting and Primary Tools in Media Advertising in MacroAd Company Sabhrina Intan Ayutami, Regina Lisa Firstia, Margareta Aulia Rachman
MacroAd is one of the advertising services that offers a different system by using DOOH system or Digital Out Of Home system, known as LINIKINI content that is installed on every KRL carriage throughout Jabodetabek. As an advertising service the content produced by MacroAd is very varied and has a very dynamic cycle. Plus in every decision making on content management requires consideration from many parties such as the product owner, PT KAI, and MacroAd itself as the content manager. This article will aim to provide an overview of the workings and content management of DOOH advertising media and the strategies for using social media that they use in their content management. Uniquely, as an advertising service, MacroAd is required to become a content manager that must be concerned with the use of social media. The benefits obtained by using social media can certainly help in content dynamics through promotion. The problem is that DOOH systems owned by MacroAd using special television media on each train carriage are the main goal of LINIKINI's MacroAd service, but because the quality of special television media performance is supported by the majority of KRL train users who have more preference for gadgets making DOOH's main function not too functioning. If on television we recognize the rating and share as well as the activity of watching that is calculated from each television owner, then the difference will be different from MacroAd, from the basic point of view and procedures used in determining policies for content that are supported by participation in social media. and other procedures and bases that are adjusted to the management of the content they use.
194 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Managing Electronic Records with Cloud Computing in Catholic Student Organization Universitas Indonesia (KMK UI) Andriani Eka Larasati, Selvi, Margareta Aulia Rachman
Organizations create, manage, and preserve their records as a prove of their transactions or business activity. Those records could be in shape of physical records and/or electronic records. Along with the development of information technology, the need for electronic records in the organizations keep increasing, including KMK UI. In carrying out its activities, KMK UI also produces electronic records. Electronic record is a record on electronic storage media, produced, communicated, maintained and/or accessed by means of electronic equipment. In order to manage electronic records, its needed a system that manages it throughout their life cycle, from creation and capture through to their destruction or permanent retention, and that retains their integrity and authenticity while ensuring that they remain accessible, called Electronic Records Management System (ERMS). Other than the system, it is also necessary to define where organization supposed to save their electronic records, one of the option would be cloud computing system. Cloud computing is a shared resource that provides dynamic access to computing services that may range from raw computing power, to basic infrastructure, to fully operational and supported applications. This research is a qualitative research and to gain the data we used structured interview and observation of cloud database that belongs to KMK UI. As an organization, Catholic Student Committee also have a vary of electronic records, such as activity proposal document, Catholic student database through the year, meeting notes, etc. They choose to storage their document inside Google Drive, a cloud computing server that allows users to store, synchronize, and share their files across devices. According to the standard of electronic record management, KMK UI has done pretty well in managing their electronic records inside Google Drive, but there are some deficiency of using Google Drive as a cloud computing server for storing organization’s electronic records, such as can not be separated from internet access, limited storage only up to 15GB, and big chance for redundancy of uploaded electronic records. To overcome the deficiencies, KMK UI could try to use other cloud computing server that providing bigger storage, and designing a new system that could lessen the chance of redundancy.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 195
SUBTHEME: THE POLITICS OF PUBLIC MEMORY AND HISTORY IN INDONESIA
Abrasion, Modernization, and Adaptation: Ecological Shifts in the Thousand Island of Indonesia 1982-2002 Salamun Ababil, Didik Pradjoko
This research is an exemplary work of how ecological shift could be a part of historical writings. The Thousand Islands of Indonesia, or also known as Kepulauan Seribu, located at the Java sea, north of Jakarta. It is among one out of six administrative areas of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta that consist of many islets, and previously was a subdistrict under the municipality of North Jakarta. After 1980s, it was declared as a marine sanctuary, then National Marine Ecosystem in 2002. The declaration was based on three main purposes; management in fisheries, tourism, and biodiversity. The declaration was a corresponding decision that was proven to provide sustainable conservation of thriving biodiversity of the area and decent management plans. Such concept was started in the early 1970s, when an universal concept of biodiversity conservation and management was echoed all over the world, thus making Indonesia very keen on keeping up with the trend in 1991. However, at the same time, ecological imbalance and damages are constantly taking place, both by natural and purposeful causes, such as abrasion. Numerous areas opened for developmental needs succumbed to breakdown, as it was exploited illegaly, causing the subsiding number of clean water reservoir. Not to mention, the increasing number of the islands’ population that on par with the amount of the pile of junk polluting the surrounding waters. Other than that, there were some attempts on utilizing junk for reclamation, in the means of getting an expansion of settlement. Those attempts led to an unfavorable situation where these islands were becoming very prone to tidal floods, as the surrounding ecosystem was compromised, then causing the cutback of fishing activities and local fishermen’s productivity. The purpose of this research is to understand the adaptational behavior toward such ecological shifts within a specific temporal range. This research starts with outlining the condition of the islands in 1960s until 2002, to analyze governmental efforts and adaptation, as it was actually initiated not only to conserve the area, but also to empower its people. Yet, there’s always a fine line between conservation and subconscious exploitation. Historical method is used to analyze the underlying factors through studying archives, newspapers, past researches, and oral resources. Most of environmental studies in history are related to the study of disasters, urban areas, and governmental policy. Therefore, this research aims to enrich the possibilities, as well as providing innovation in maritime studies.
196 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Between Law and History: How Do the Indonesia’s Anti-Communism Laws Reflect the Collective Memory of Past Atrocities? Harison Citrawan, Ganesh Cintika Putri
This paper attempts to delineate the role of Indonesia’s Anti-Communism laws in shaping and shifting collective memory of past atrocity into an imperative history. These laws are to be understood as a set of rules enacted by the state to proscribe the existence of communism in the country through mainly criminalizing speech related to Marxism, Leninism and Communism. They were arguable created in order to get rid of communism after the failed coup in 1965, while at the same time have become state’s legitimacy to conduct mass atrocities towards alleged communists afterwards. By employing a law and society approach, this article attempts to understand the meaningof these laws and thus challenges them from the current developing human rights perspective. Through examining existing legal norms and practices, along with the emerging role of ‘carrier groups’ of collective memory, the reflective problem of these laws is arguably twofold. First is that these laws might infringe freedom of expression, as they have moved away from punishing acts to authors and certain ways of being. This situation might also be an indication of a preservation of past authoritarian power structure. Second is that these laws rather show a conflict between laws and history, as they enable judicial practices to transform the judges into the arbiter of history. Whilst it is undeniable that there are several judicial practices that appear to be contrary to the dominant narrative of communism’s evilness, the existence of the law creates. By looking into historical background of the laws and the current post- transition judicial practices, this paper assumes that the application of these forms of criminalization implies a need for the country to reconfigure on the one hand the protection of public consensus about history, and to reaffirm state’s commitment to resolve past atrocities on the other.
Between the Economical Thrive and Ecological Degradation: Upstream Citarum’s Watershed Contamination in Bandung Regency 1970-2013 Ferdy Yudha Pratama, Didik Pradjoko
According to prior research conducted by Blacksmith Institute and Green Cross Switzerland in 2013, Citarum was declared as the most polluted and contaminated river all across the world. Studies regarding the condition and general quality of the water proved the availability of various and highly concentrated heavy metals along the stream. This was pretty baffling, since the river has been known for its coverage across West Java, and is the longest- serving river from the colonial period in the means of distribution that connected Bandung highland to the northern coast of Java. It became the source of irrigation and early dam establishment. Indonesian govermenment was huge in favor of continuing such recognition by establishing reservoirs to
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 197
support the construction of hydroelectric power plants. However, things didn’t seem to be carried out accordingly, thus turning the effort into a fiasco, as Citarum River turns into a kind of sewerage. This issue led to a deeper crisis when it came to affect the people who live in the settlement along the upstreams, both socially and economically. This article aims to analyze the environmental degradation process in the upstream Citarum River watershed in Bandung Regency, especially on how the contamination affects the surrounding inhabitants. By using historical method, this article expects to wholly examine resources, such as public’s complaint reports, court files, and newspapers to actualize past events in the contemporary context. The issue that provoked public awareness was first reported in 1970. Yet, Provincial Government of West Java tried to enhance foreign investment in industrial sector, thus triggering rapid industrial development along the Citarum River Watershed, especially at Bandung Regency. Entering the 1980s, those frivolous economic decision finally brought effect on the community, such as water contamination due to reckless industrial waste management. Not to mention, agricultural, livestock, and domestic waste as well. Communities raced their way to file complaints and organizing collective actions, knowing that this could affect their life aspects in a very long term. Hence, provincial government initialized the Clean River Program (Program Kali Bersih) in 1989, even though later the program had been transferred to be managed under the Regional Investment Coordinating Board. Citarum River Regional Council, under the supervision of Public Works Agency, with “Cita-Citarum” as their program couldn’t even handle the spread of contamination. What’s obvious is that there were a constant tie-up between the needs of enhancing economic revenue and the obligation to preserve ecological sustainability.
Children of Revolution: Social Sides of Jakarta in a Time of Revolution, 1945--1949 Yuda B. Tangkilisan
After the Proclamation of Independence on August, 17th, 1945, Jakarta became a turbulence city, even tended to be chaos. At the times, Jakarta was resided by 4 authority powers, i.e. the Republic of Indonesia, the new free state, the Japanese, the former authority, the British, as a representative of Allied Forces and the Dutch, the former colonial regime. Therefore, Jakarta bore a task as a diplomatic city. However, conflicts, even armed clashes, could not be avoided. Moreover, when the conflict between Indonesia and the Dutch escalated and widespread to another parts of Java island, the city became a destination of urbanization that made Jakarta more crowded, dirty, and unsafe when many homeless and starving people moved from one place to another without any clear motives, including children and teenagers. The unsecured circumstances gave a negative image to Jakarta as a diplomatic city.
198 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
This paper is discussing the role of Batavia’s Vincentius Vereeniging, that also known as Perhimpunan Vincentius Jakarta, a Catholic social work foundation established in 1855, to handle such a problem. This research based on historical methods, i.e. a process of analyzing and writing facts to expose and explain the past. The facts derived from material resources that could be compiled at the National Archives and Library. From the archives, there are some published documents like Government Gazettes, State Decrees, and unpublished documents as collections of State Secretary and Municipal Jakarta or Batavia. The main documents originated from a collection of Jakarta’s Archdiocese. The facts subsequently are interpreted by some concepts and colligation structures. Thereafter, the results are written into a critical and scientific work. This paper is intended to give such a new contribution to Historiography of Indonesia that develops to be more structural, multi dimensions and Indonesia centrism. However, it is seldom to find such a genre of inquiry concerning social aspects, i.e. orphanage and social shelter. It also deals with a voluntary association that has no political interests. It is an expectation that this inquiry will open a new area of discussion on Indonesian history that is important to enhance the national integration and integrity in the times of fast growing globalization and widely social-cultural intrusions from outside that in some ways threatening the national unity and identity. Indonesia is a free and democratic nation and still grows steady in those ways.
Conflict and Solution: Political Discourse in East Nusa Tenggara during the struggle for Independence Period 1945-1950 Dwi Mulyatari
East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur/NTT) is one of many areas in Indonesia which has lacked been research, both by Indonesian and foreigners academically. It seems that the peoples of East Nusa Tenggara have been seen as the less dynamics society in politics comparing with South Sulawesi, Moluccas or Papua in Eastern Indonesian regions. However, during the National Revolution period and after, East Nusa Tenggara was one of the important areas in where political discourse had been arisen and political identity, pro or contra of the united or federative ideas has contended one to another. Particularly between them who was called as modern and traditional local political leaders. The political conflicts were more developed due to cultural and religious perceptions and practices differences between the Dutch and traditional leaders. Therefore, this article analyses the political dynamics amongst the local leaders in East Nusa Tenggara in term of political identities formation in facing the establishment of Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) in August 17, 1950. The aim is to explore and identify many political groups which had chosen united or federative as their political identity and how they had solved their political orientation differences without caused the chaos. In writing process, the data were collected from the memory collection of key
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 199
persons or eyewitnesses who had published their books and from the political report published by Dutch Colonial government, as well as the relevant archives related to local politics in East Nusa Tenggara and articles in local newspapers during the period as the primary historical sources. Beside that, the earlier academic research about the area is important to analyze as secondary historical sources. This article will reveal how the East Nusa Tenggara people and their local political leaders had shaped their political identity and solved their problems in the political orientation differences by making it as supported spirit to the new format of NKRI of 1950.
Dadang Christanto’s Paintings on PKI 1965 Tragedy: Historiography as Education of Visual Cultural Literacy in Indonesia Karina Widyastuti, Muhammad Wasith Albar
It always been a never-ending discussion when we are talking about what happened on the night of September 30, 1965 (Sulastomo, 2006; Farid, 2008; Adam, 2018), for it will come to questions: How did it happen? Who is taking responsibilities over such tragedy? And more importantly, who is the man behind the gun? So many answers being presented by numerous historians and their historiography, but never once it had come to such certainty, making it a usual past story of dead men. It goes all the same with Supersemar in the 1966, for which we could not make a better argument about the document’s whereabouts. Documents are works of men through time, the central nerve of history, but so do arts. Therefore, this research aims to rediscover the 30 September Movement through creative works of an artist, Dadang Christanto, who expressed his childhood memories of the genocide happened in the work of art. His father was unfortunately one of the victims. In the creative process, an artist usually generates strong connection within his own intuition, imagination, and emotional attachment. However, Christanto based his paintings’ inspiration on literature reviews and historical research about the mass killing of Communist Party of Indonesia’s members and rooters (Rossa, 2006; Budiawan, 2004) in the means of creating various contemporary artworks as an example of Indonesian visual cultural literacy (Marianto, 2000; Harsono, 1972). Thus, this research is based on the method of history, with semiotic approach from C.S. Pierce (Hoed, 2014; Budiman, 2005; Stone, 2009; Danesi, 2010) to unveil the underlying meanings of Christanto’s visual art, as well as discovering the contextual conformity (a stimulant toward micro and macrocosmos concepts). Some of the artworks were chosen, such as Red Rain, Tribute to Gerwani, and Bon, all of which are showing the iconic violent imageries of the movement by displaying such gore and terror. Those artworks are a part of the visual remarks of the violation toward human rights, an inkracht van gewijsde (a force toward res judicata), which is obviously captivating as it has truly stained the transition of power in a rather democratic country (Adam, 2018; Rossa, 2006).
200 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 201
Digital counter-archive. The digital pop culture as a place for (re)constructing Indonesian memory about 1965 events Katarzyna Marta Głąb
This article analyses the relationship between the digital archive, popular culture practices, and cultural memory. The study shows how through using digital technology and social media, the digital files become a counter-archive, creating prosthetic memory (Landsberg 2004), and counter-memory (Foucault 1977) in society. Artist posters and memes of the Indonesian ‘Nobodycorp. Internationale Unlimited’ group, using social media and mobile applications, spreads like viruses (Dawkins 1976). Merging into an intertextual entity (Shifman 2014), they undermine the old concepts of the archive, being in its online form a project of grassroots participation rather than a forcing apparatus. The archives are the most substantial knowledge-power institutions as a general system of (trans)forming statements. The products of archives have historical, evidential, but also creative-identity value. In postmodern societies, it makes them an essential reference point in discussions about memory and the model of thinking about it (Ernst 2005). In the official Indonesian narrative, it denied space for talking of bloody events that took place in Indonesia in 1965. The subject of the extermination of the Indonesian Communist Party and its supporters, as well as the other crimes of the Suharto regime, are still outside of public distribution. In this way, the young generation (third generation) knows nothing about the dark history of their country. Through the digital transcultural circulation of images and narratives about the past, they reach young people, becoming a discourse opposition to the recognised pro-Suharto historiography. Prosthetic memories do not belong to a specific group. In this way, a digital community is created as a place where marginalised and excluded groups can be heard or define themselves outside the official structure of the state. Moving images through remediation (Bolter, Grusin 1999), thus reaches groups and communities on the move, crossing borders and looking for a place and becoming global memory (Reading 2009). Although the mass murders of 1965 have already been the topic of significant studies, numerous gaps related to cultural memory remain, which demand an investigation. Crucial are collective works and articles on historical politics and reconciliation in Indonesia (Budiawan, 2000; Zurbuchen, 2005; Brauchler, 2009; Kammen & McGregor, 2012). Essential books were published, containing texts on cultural memory about the 1965 events: the volume edited by K. McGregor, J. Melvin, A. Pohlman (2018); the book of V. Hearman (2018) examining Indonesian memories of individuals in a small area to create a vivid picture of the killings, the edited volume by S. E. Wieringa, J. Melvin and A. Pohlman related to the IPT 1965 (2019).My proposed article will provide new inside on the cultural memory of the 1965-66 mass violence. I will examine how in the situation when official archives are unavailable; alternative archives are responsible for the (re)construction of individual and collective memory, also giving a memory-in-exile shelter (Derrida, 1996:2-3). The Internet and new technologies associated with it not only determine the form of communication of the message, but also determine the shape of the event. Art, especially visual
202 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
arts, is now an excellent place for activities referring to the idea of an archive. Archiving generates and stores an event to the same extent. In this way, the potential of visual arts for memory is materialised.
Eastern and Western in The Novel Pengaruh Keadaan by Selasih Ayyubie Cantika Yuranda, Sunu Wasono
Regardless of the purpose intended by Selasih when creating it, one of her novels entitled Pengaruh Keadaan indirectly voiced an attitude towards the influx of Western influence and culture into Indonesia since the acceptance of Western education through the application of Ethical Politics. Since the Ethical Policy was inaugurated in 1989, the implementation of Western education in Indonesia began in 1903. The provision of education at that time was for gave the benefits to the Dutch. Another influence of the acceptance Western education is the emergence of enthusiasm to progress and compete with Western countries. One person that enthusiastic about this matter was Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana (STA) who expressed his opinion in the Pujangga Baru magazine August 1935 which contained the opinion that the Indonesian people must imitate the West and could take values from the West. STA writings received responses from intellectuals, writers and journalists. The responses given were reciprocated through writing published in Pujanga Baru magazine and Suara Umum throughout 1935. The people involved in this debate discussed determining the direction of Indonesian society in the future; must follow the West's, maintain the east, or accept or unite the two. This period of debating about the East and West is known as Polemik Kebudayaan. Polemik Kebudayaan has many influences, one of them in the world of literature. STA does not only express his thoughts through essays, but also through novels and poems. One of the most famous STA’s novels in voicing his thoughts is Layar Terkembang (1936). Although there are not many authors who openly contribute to this West and East dispute, they still observe and produce literature according to their minds. The themes discussed in the works published at that time have voiced the importance of thinking and being cultured like the West, such as the East, and some who try to accept the West but still defend the East. One of the authors who also gave her thoughts through novel is Selasih with the novel Pengaruh Keadaan. This study discusses eastern and western that found in that novel. The research was conducted to be able to see the sound of work in addressing the entry of Western education in Indonesia. This research will present the things implicit in that novel and its relation to Polemik Kebudayaan. This study will also present the linkages between the author's background and the values shown in the work. The analysis in this study is supported by theories about East and West taken and summarized from the debate in the Polemik Kebudayaan book’s compiled by Mihardja. The approach used is literary sociology and structural approaches. The results of the study revealed that the attitude voiced through this novel to
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 203
the entry of Western education was to adapt and filter the culture that entered Indonesia. This work offers acculturation of culture by retaining the east which is considered important for the welfare of society, but also accepting and filtering kebaratan to improve the quality of life and happiness.
Famine at the Granary and Indonesian Government’s Policy on Disaster Management at Karawang Regency, 1966-1979 Bunga Rosalina, Susanto Zuhdi
In 1977, famine spread all over the district of Pedes, Karawang Regency, a place known as Java’s prosperous granary for it was the center of rice production in West Java, which affected 17.239 lives that populated the district. It was the peak of the disaster after crop failures happened in both 1975 and 1976, due to the attack of leafhoppers and inconsistent season changes. It is obviously an irony for the district, as well as New Order’s administration, as they were promoting agricultural enhancement as the part of the first Five-year Development Program. The first policy regarding this matter was produced in the 1966, through Presidential Decree No. 256 of 1966 regarding the Establishment of Natural Disaster Management Advisory Board and Cabinet’s Presidium Decree No. 14/U/KEP/1/1967 about the Structure and Tasks of the Natural Disaster Management Coordination Team (TKP2BA), as well as Presidential Decree No. 15 of 1973 regarding the Establishment of Bina Graha’s Secretariat of Development Operations Control (Sekdalopbang), all of which to study and discuss technical matter related to the implementation of developments. At last, Act No. 6 of 1974 about The Core Principle of Social Welfare was ratified. However, such massive program in intesifying agricultural production did not pay much tribute to the country as several cases of failures were met, due to the unpreparedness of leading institution in making a more effective and efficient modes of production. Presidential Instruction No. 10 of 1976 turned into fiasco after the attempts on agricultural boosts, by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides, failed. Nonetheless, there were also a lack of synchronization between institutions, making it as an inevitable outcome. This research analyze the unfortunate case of man-made disaster to study the growing consciousness and willingness of the government to better the management and enhance existing policies. The method of historical writing is used, along with the approach of legal documents studies to analyze products of law (acts, instructions, decree), as well as utilizing archives, newspapers, and oral sources. However, in 1979, New Order administration had improved the standing position of TKP2BA into a more legitimate institution, which was then becoming National Disaster Management Agency (Bakornas PBA), under the Coordinating Minister for Social Welfare through Presidential Decree No. 28 of 1979. Thus, this article aims to reveal the development of disaster management during specific temporal dimension within the New Order era, and the after-effects of such institutional development toward the society.
204 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Fatwa of Family Planning Program in Indonesia from 1968 to 1990 Azrohal Hasan
Extended Abstract (362 words) This study examines the development of Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah Fatwa about Family Planning from 1968 to 1990. This issue was exposed in Majelis Tarjih National Congress (Muktamar) in Sidoarjo 1968 and was formulated into a Fatwa. The issue arose due to the hesitation of Muhammadiyah members and Muslims in Indonesia upon the emergence of Program Keluarga Berencana Nasional (KB) in the beginning of the New Order Government. The methodology used in this study is historical research methodology. It uses sources from archives which were obtained from Islamic Organizations, BKKBN, New Order Era Government Program reports, newspapers, and others. The aim of this research is to analyze the overview of the social and political impacts upon the issue of fatwa from Muhammadiyah. After the discussion by the participants of the Congress in Sidoarjo 1968, they pointed out the term “the more children you have, the richer you will be” with various verses. This made the Government feel threatened in the success of this program. Vasectomy, Tubectomy, and Menstrual Regulation are the three methods of pregnancy prevention from family planning programs that were prohibited by Majelis Tarjih members at that time. Until the end of 1968, Muhammadiyah formed Gerakan Keluarga dan Masyarakat Sejahtera which consisted of family members of Muhammadiyah members. In 1974, Muhammadiyah considered that the prohibited three Family Planning methods were still secretly publicized. This is based on the results of a survey conducted in Yogyakarta, that in 1975 the Government started Program Kontrasepsi Mantap (KONTAP) which included Vasectomy and Tubectomy method in it. This problem was then used as a discussion in the 20th Muktamar Majelis Tarjih in Garut. As a result, Muhammadiyah must be more serious in publicizing their program. This is due to competition between Muhammadiyah and the Government, where Muhammadiyah has less funds in spreading their programs than the government that receives a lot of foreign aid. This competition lasted until Aisyiyah was involved in giving advice in the 22nd Muktamar Majelis Tarjih in Malang 1989, which later Aisyiyah and Central Board of Muhammadiyah collaborated with Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) to be involved in Gerakan Keluarga Berencana Nasional in 1990.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 205
Feminist Nationalism: Indonesian Women’s Struggle for Suffrage, 1938- 1941 Laksmita Hestirani, Agus Setiawan
Volksraad was established in 1918 as the national representative council of colonial Indonesia. Although it only had limited parliamentary power, its members had a chance to advocate on matters they deem important and to voice their opinions directly to the government. That is why nationalists such as M.H. Thamrin utilised their position in Volksraad to advocate Indonesia’s interests. However, until mid-1930s, no women had ever held a seat (passive suffrage) in Volksraad nor in any of the regional councils. This put Indonesian women at a disadvantage, because when it came to issues concerning women such as education, labor, or prostitution, not even Indonesian men could fully advocate for the women. For city and regency councils whose members were elected directly, Indonesian women also had no voting rights (active suffrage). This article analyses why Indonesian women needed passive and active suffrage and how they struggled to get them, which resulted in Indonesian women becoming council members for the first time in 1938 and being granted active suffrage for the first time in 1941, albeit for city councils only. In the current era when Indonesian women can vote easily and we’ve seen them not only as members of parliament but also as governors, ministers, and even a president, it is only fitting to learn more about the struggle that first paved the way for Indonesian women’s participation in modern politics. The historical research method was performed for this research, analysing primary sources such as documents, laws, newspaper and magazine articles. The feminist nationalism theory (West, 1997) is used as theoretical framework, which sees women struggle to define and reconceptualise their relationships to states, nations, and social movements as activists central to the debate, not just as passive recipients. Feminist nationalists juggle the competing demands of women’s rights with national struggles. The researcher’s previous research on feminist-nationalist movements already opened the access to needed primary sources. Research findings show that Indonesian women wanted suffrage not only to advocate women’s interests, but also to strengthen Indonesia’s bid towards independence. When male nationalists formed GAPI and sent a resolution to the government demanding a true parliament, women’s suffrage was included, showing their support for the cause. The united front of Indonesian women regarding suffrage, as seen in the Indonesian Women’s Congresses of 1938 and 1941, combined with the support and cooperation of male nationalists, successfully sent Indonesian women to the modern political arena for the first time. Keywords: nationalism, feminism, suffrage, women’s movement, Volksraad.
206 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Health Insurance in Indonesia During The New Order Administration: The Dynamics of General Companies (Perum) Husada Bhakti Establishment 1984-1992 Sofria, Agus Setiawan
The implementation of health insurance in New Order Indonesia was managed by the Health Maintenance Fund Management Agency (BPDPK) in 1968. However, BPDPK experienced problems related to its position as a special body under the Ministry of Health and financial crisis issues. Then BPDPK changed its legal status to a Public Company (Perum) Husada Bhakti in 1984. This article discusses the dynamics of the implementation of health insurance managed by Perum Husada Bhakti against civil servants (PNS), pension recipients consisting of civil servants, Indonesian Armed Forces (ABRI) and state officials and their families. The problem examined in this study is how the Indonesian government's efforts to guarantee public health costs through the Husada Bhakti health insurance program. The obstacle faced by the Indonesian government is too high of the cost if they had to guarantee the entire community so that the government initiates a health insurance program for civil servants and military personnel and their families. This study aims to enrich the historiography of health history in Indonesia. The research method which is used in this study is the historical method, including the stages of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The first stage is heuristic, namely the search and collection of historical sources in the form of written sources both primary and secondary related to this research. The sources obtained include primary sources in the form of government regulations, various writings in contemporary newspapers and interviews with historical actors. In addition, secondary sources in the form of books, journals and magazines were also used in this study. The various sources that the authors get are in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia (ANRI), Library of the National Law Development Agency (BPHN), UI Central Library, Ministry of Health Library, Indonesian National Library, and Scientific Information and Documentation Center-LIPI. This research is very relevant to the current conditions in which the BPJS program faces many problems in its implementation. This study is a reflection of the implementation of health insurance programs during the New Order.
Highs and Lows in the Relationship Between Hamka and Muhammadiyah During the Period of Guided Democracy Akmal, Abudrakhman
This study discusses the highs and lows in the relationship between Hamka and Muhammadiyah throughout the period of Guided Democracy, namely from the Presidential Decree of 1959 to the fall of the Soekarno’s regime in 1966. Hamka, who remained a devoted member of Muhammadiyah, seemed to
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 207
disagree with Muhammadiyah in this period. While Hamka continued to address criticisms against communism and the government, and increasingly hardened after Masyumi's dissolution in 1960, Muhammadiyah continued to strive to maintain good relations with Sukarno. This progress of events had driven Hamka to also launch criticisms against Muhammadiyah. This research seeks to provide an overview of Hamka and Muhammadiyah's attitude towards Indonesia's domestic political development during the Guided Democracy period. This research was carried out by using a historical method consisting of heuristic steps, verification, interpretation and historiography, with emphasis on written sources, presented in a narrative manner. President Soekarno's efforts to establish a close relationshop with Muhammadiyah were clearly seen in his presence at the Muhamadiyah’s 35th National Conference in 1962, in which Soekarno stated that he had always been a member of Muhammadiyah and remained loyal to the organization. Muhammadiyah also gave the title of "A Faithful Member" (Anggota Setia) and "The Great Protector" (Pengayom Agung) of Muhammadiyah to Soekarno. In 1965, Muhammadiyah University awarded him with the title of honorary doctorate in the Philosophy of Tawheed Science field. Hamka launched harsh criticisms to Muhammadiyah through his writings, including in the Abadi Newspaper and the Panji Masyarakat Magazine. According to Hamka, Muhammadiyah’s attitude and closeness to Soekarno is rather exaggerating, considering the ideological differences. Hamka, while agreeing with Muhammadiyah’s political move to give up its special membership status in Masyumi, also criticize some of the Muhammadiyah’s administrators who pursued political career in non-Islamic parties or as a minister in the cabinet. This research shall provide an important perspective of the internal dynamics within Muhammadiyah in relation to its attitude towards Guided Democracy which has not yet received special attention.
“I Stand on the Right Side”: War of Meme Avatar in Indonesian Presidential Campaign Through Social Media in 2014 Iwan, Zeffry Alkatiri
The 2014 Presidential Election has led to a pro-cons rivalry between two voting camps that attack each other through social media. They use various image products created by their respective camps. Joko Widodo (Jokowi) presidential candidate chooses a campaign image in the form of an avatar template containing number two with the words "I Stand on the Right Side". The image became viral and responded by the party of voters presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto with various rival images. At that time for several months, the two camps responded to each other to declare that his choice was more correct and better. The development of social media through internet technology has been exploited by various circles with various purposes. Various software programs with its application make it easier for someone to produce
208 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
various content in social media. That condition resulted in the creation of various images responding to the late 2014 Presidential Election.This research will document the various images of the 2014 Presidential Election, as well as reconstructing the conflict between the two voters of the Presidential Election in the context of Indonesian democracy seeking its form.This research was conducted through historical method, while in the study of the reading of the various images, this research uses visual communication design approach. Data were collected from various websites and webs in social media from May to October 2016. This article shows the occurrence of production and reproduction which resulted in the desecralization of the world of politics and the re-writing of figures in the context of the rivalry of the presidential election campaign.
Kampung Rama: A Critical Toponymy of Toraja Diasporic Sphere in Makassar Apriadi Bumbungan, Melani Budianta
The Toraja ethnic group in Southern Sulawesi is known to spread, from its homeland into migrant communities all over Indonesia and abroad, but the largest Toraja diaspora reside in Makassar, the capital city of the province (de Jong: 2013:66). Although located within one single province, the highland Torajans and the lowland Makassarese differ not only because of their ethnicity, but also due to their religion, with Christiantiy as the dominant religion in the highland and Islam in Makassar. The migration history of the Toraja in Makassar, the their present mobility and the way the Toraja in Makassar construct their diasporic identities can be traced in the very name of a Torajan village in the heart of the city of Makassar, Kampung Rama. The word “Rama” designates different meanings for different segments of population, within the village and the city of Makassar. For the larger population of Makassar, the word stands for Toraja-Makassar, thus signifying the relations between the two ethnic groups. For some Torajans in the village, especially those who are still actively mobile between Toraja and Makassar, the word Rama stands for Rantepao-Makale, the capitals of two main districts in Toraja. The third and most pervasive meaning amongst the Christian elites in the village, however, is biblical, a reference to a city in Israel. This article investigates the way these different interpretations of the same name reflects not only different strategies of positioning the Toraja diaspora within the city of Makassar, but also internal differences within the community in constructing their identity and their collective memory. Through ethnographic method, namely interviews and participation observation, the researchers map and categorizes the way different actors: Church elites, government officials, inhabitants of Kampung Rama and outsiders construct their narratives about Kampung Rama. The findings reveal diversity within the migrant communities,
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 209
and layers of othering, hierarchical structures with its power relations, as well as strategies in creating unity within and with the Makasarese.
Kulliyatul Mujahidin: Building Islamic Da’wah from a Narrow Alley Yunadi Ramlan, Abdurakhman
Istiqamah Mosque, located in a narrow alley near the Cihapit Market, Bandung, is one of the driving force of da’wah in urban areas. Kulliyatul Mujahidin is a routine activity carried out in Istiqamah Mosque with the aim of producing da’wah interpreters/da’wah cadres (missionary preacher). As a result, “Ikatan Pemuda Istiqamah” (Istiqamah Youth Association) established in 1972. Da’wah movement in Istiqamah Mosque increasingly developed by the existence of young mosque activists from various nationalities who are studying in Bandung, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand. The planting of aqeedah and the enforcement of Islamic teaching in the midst of community, emphasis the content of Kulliyatul Mujahidin. The challenge of da’wah movement in the early of New Order era was the development of secularism as “western thought” which was considered contrary to the principles of “Islamic thought”. Previous study by Rifki, A Quest for True Islam, also demonstrate the beginning of youth da’wah movement in Bandung. However, it has yet to explore the root of thought from Imaduddin Abdurrahim who contribute on building Islamic youth movement in Salman Mosque, Institute of Technology Bandung. The Mosque played a significant role in building ideas for Imaduddin Abdurrahim. This research are using historical method by collecting archival sources then verified into facts written as historiography. The methodology of oral history used to built historical stories related to the research that has never been revealed before. In addition, this article used Isa Anshary thought as a topic on historical research which influenced the activities of Kulliyatul Mujahidin, and used archival sources of Istiqamah Mosque foundation such as Kulliyatul Mujahidin series that has never been used in historical research. This research found newspapers related to da’wah activities in Istiqamah Mosque which are rarely disclosed such as Koran Abadi, Pikiran Rakyat and Independen Operasi that published around 1960s to 1970s. As a result to this movement, some Mosque Movements emerged in places like office buildings, veil movement in public school, as well as strengthen unity among young mosque activist, which became the rationale for this research. These result showed that not only long- standing Islamic organization such as Muhammadiyah, NU, or PERSIS, but a mosque could also became a part of influence on society changes by fostering da’wah cadres.
210 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Local Sarekat Islam in Surakarta 1912-1915 Adhytiawan Suharto, Abdurakhman
This article explains about the movement of local Sarekat Islam in Solo and the influence of the local figure in socio-economic dynamics of the solo community during 1912 to 1915. The local figure explained in this article is a figure who play an important role in the existence of Sarekat Islam in Solo. They are Raden Marthodarsono, R. Sosrokoernio, R. Djojomargoso, Haji Hisamzaijne, and Haji Samanhudi. The background problem of the article is the economic conflict between Sarekat Islam and the Tionghoa group in Solo. The Solo Chinese figure who was quite dominant at that time was Sie Dhian Ho, Be Siauw Tjong and Bwe Kwat Koen with the association Be Tjiong Hwee managed to embrace the Chinese group in Solo. The discussion on this conflict became important because the emerged political awareness among the natives, turns the economic and trading sector began to emerge and organized by Sarekat Islam Solo. Following the growth of economic flows, the member of Sarekat Islam establish a patrol association for each sub-disctrict area in Solo, which intend to keep the economic sector safety and mutual assistance between them, although later this patrol association more often triggered conflict with Tionghoa groups. The purpose of this article is to explain the impact of the establishment of Sarekat Islam Solo in the political, social and economic fields, as well as the influence of local leaders who later made many changes in Solo in 1912-1915. This article about Sarekat Islam Solo become important because the area have so many local Priayi who supports Sarekat Islam materially, which build a strong union between Muslims and the Priayi group who at that time served as employees in the Kasunanan Surakarta. The method used to write this article is Historical Method which consist Heuristic, Critic, Interpretation Historiography. The heuristic step in this article is using a primary source such as archive and the newspaper from the same era. The newspaper is Djawi Kando, Darmo Kondo, Sarotomo, Doenia Bergerak, Bromartani, Medan Moeslimin, Taman Pewarta, Sinar Djawa, Djawi Hisworo and the published Dutch government archives. Besides using primary sources, this article also uses secondary sources such as journal articles and books related to research. Furthermore, the source criticism stage is carried out on the collected data to find objective truths, and the data are then analyzed and presented in descriptive form.
Loloda in Three Ternate-Dutch Treaty Manuscripts in 19th Century Rias Antho Rahmi Suharjo, Tommy Christomy
North Maluku had been exposed to the colonial governmental system since the-16th century. In its era, Ternate was centre of trade and colonial governmental system important to Europe. The presence of the people of foreign nations in Ternate is surely influential toward the politics and culture
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 211
of the local. Sultan of Ternate then easily study and adopt European capitalist system related to the supply of spices, slaves and other natural resources. The impact of the relationship between Ternate and Europe affected the relation between Ternate and its surrounding area. As a result of the socio-political dynamics with the colonial, Ternate did not easily positioned itself as a sultanate which was neutral from the Dutch and the interest of its surrounding kingdoms, especially its neighbouring sultanate. Ternate was dragged into alliance with Dutch in order to secure access toward the natural resources needed by both parties. One of the tools used by Dutch in 19th century to secure access toward natural resources was the treaty. The Dutch surely did not want to lose an opportunity to persuasively and politically control Ternate Sultanate as its colony. In other side, the Sultan of Ternate should maintain its hegemony and loyalty from its surrounding islands. Not all neighbouring islands of Ternate had the same loyalty, some even oppose it like Tidore. In this situation, the treaty between Ternate and Dutch became an important instrument to maintain legitimacy of the two parties. The treaties between Ternate and Dutch were commonly written in two languages, Dutch and Malay. The Ternate-Dutch treaty showed social and political networking related with Ternate. Loloda was amidst the interest of Ternate and Dutch. In some treaties, the signature of Loloda Sultanate and other small sultanates in North Maluku which were Ternate loyalists were needed by Dutch and Ternate. Therefore, we could easily draw a conclusion based on the treaty that Loloda is part of Ternate’s hegemony. However, in this research we will explore poetically the relation between the Dutch, Ternate and Loloda expressed through metaphor and other specific expressions. For this reason, we will discuss in depth the poetic aspects of three manuscripts (113/1/14, 113/8/11a, dan 113/8/12c). The discussion is expected to explain how the power is represented trough the poetic of the treaty narrative strategies.
Nasakom's Conception in the Short Story of Varia Magazine In 1965 Syifa Hanifah, Mamlahatun Buduroh
The nasakom conception became one of the most important pillars to support Guided Democracy. Basically nasakom is an attempt to unite the three major ideologies which consist of (1) nationalism as a state of defense and love; (2) religion as an attitude of trust in God Almighty; (3) and communism as the attitude of the struggle of the Marhaen to be free from oppression. Through the nasakom conception the Indonesian people are expected to achieve a harmonious revolutionary movement. In disseminating the Soekarno government nasakom ideology in various ways, one of them was through printed mass media in the form of magazines. This situation also influences literary works that are close to the community, namely short stories found in the mass media. Therefore, in this article the author discusses three short stories in Varia Magazine which contain the value of nasakom conception. The
212 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
three short stories consist of a Malam Tari Panen Bahagia by Wimandjaya K.L, Potret by Josefi, and Pergumulan Iman by Eka Chandra. In the three short stories the concept of nasakom is illustrated by the attitude of the characters. This article aims to describe the nasakom conception described in three short stories of Varia Magazine in 1965 through the characteristics of the characters. The data used in this article is obtained from the Literature Documentation Center H.B. Jassin and refers to books that discuss the condition of Indonesia during the rule of guided democracy. To support the discussion of author article s using the characterization analysis method and the sociological approach of literature. This approach is useful for viewing literary works as a reflection of the government's thinking during the guided democracy period. This article produces a description of the characteristics of the characters in the short stories discussed, showing an attitude that describes the ideological values of nationalism, religious ideology, and the ideology of communism can go hand in hand in everyday life. Such characteristics are proof that the Soekarno government at that time tried to show that Nasakom was a complete concept and naturally applied in the life of the state. In the end, this article provides a description of the results of identification of the characters in the short story of Varia Magazine as evidence of the importance of the existence of literary works in history, especially short stories as one of the tools for the dissemination of Nasakom's concept in 1965.
Postage Stamps as Cultural Identity in Colonial Indonesia Achmad Sunjayadi, Gesha Mailoa
Stamps are the main requirement to send mail. Stamps have a variety of designs and there is a lot of meaning and history behind each design. In the period of 1864-1909, the pictures of Willem III and Wilhelmina of the Netherlands were featured on stamps which were used in the Dutch East Indies. In 1930 and 1931, the era of that king and queen stamp designs in the Dutch East Indies was over which being marked by the emergence of special edition design stamps “Jeudgzorg”‚ --youth service and ‘Witte kruis’-- white cross. This article examines the special edition stamps called Jeudgzorg (1930) and Witte Kruis (1931) with the pictures of landmark objects (Borobudur, Besakih temple, Rumah Gadang), culture (wayang, gamelan players), and daily life of people (farmer, fisher) in the Dutch East Indies. The aim is to reveal the reason why that special edition designs were used on stamps and to explain the relevancy between the publishing of special edition design stamps and tourism promotion in the Dutch East Indies. Data were four stamps of Jeugdzorg edition and four stamps of Witte Kruis stamps. The historical method and Stuart Hall’s concept of cultural identity are used in this article. The result shows that the change of design from the pictures of king and queen of the Netherlands to cultural aspects in the Dutch East Indies is because there was a cultural identity shift in the Dutch government. The Dutch government who had
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 213
previously used the symbol of their leader (king and queen) shifted with the symbol of culture in the Dutch East Indies as their cultural identity. This research reveals that the choice of objects in the design of special edition stamps for charity was related to the position of the Dutch East Indies as a Dutch colony. All objects represent various interesting things that exist in the Dutch East Indies as their territory. Though the two special edition design stamps were not explicitly published for promoting tourism, the objects that featured on stamps were part of the promotion of the Dutch East Indies tourism. The objects that featured in stamps design had been used before in tourism promotion media in the Dutch East Indies, such as in posters, guide books, postcards, and photographs.
Promoting “the Last Paradise”: Dutch Newspapers Perspective Towards Tourism in Bali in 1923-1940 Achmad Sunjayadi, Nada Hanifah
In the present day, the image of Bali portrayed by mainstream media is popularly regarded in a positive way. The centuries-old image of Bali as “the last paradise” has succeeded in impressing tourists worldwide. This image, however, did not develop overnight. Since the ethical policy was adopted in 1901, its programs cost the state a fortune which income from tourism can overcome. In Bali itself, in the 1920s a program named Balinization was implemented to restore what Dutch orientalists thought was the original condition of Bali. At the same period, in the Netherlands pillarization or verzuiling made the establishment of newspapers with their own ideological backgrounds possible. As a result, the news selection and tendencies of each newspaper were strongly related to their own ideologies. This paper aims to explore how Dutch national newspapers such as Algemeen Handelsblad, Het Vaderland, De Telegraaf, Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, and De Tijd views tourism in Bali, Dutch East Indies. The period of this research spans from 1923 to 1940, when the Dutch had implemented Balinization in Bali until the Netherlands was invaded by Germany in 1940. Though the tourism in Bali has been commonly researched, there has not yet been a paper that specifically evaluates Dutch recently pillarised newspapers views towards Bali under the Balinization program. By using the historical method and frame analysis as a tool for analyzing the news articles, this paper considers the ideologies of the five newspapers. The research resulted in news containing elements of support for Balinization to be found dominant. This result is shown both in the news that promoted and criticized tourism in Bali. Therefore, the readers of the newspapers --the Dutch residing in the Netherlands-- may indicate that there is an effort from the newspapers who are cooperative with Balinization to invite the Netherlands’ residents to go visit Bali as tourists. This paper will then reveal the effort of the newspapers that can be regarded as successful with the increasing number of Dutch tourists in Bali during that period.
214 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
Public Museums and Politics of Collective Memories in Indonesia during the New Order Atika Kurnia Putri, Syefri Luwis, Yuda B. Tangkilisan
Indonesia is a nation that consisting of many ethnic groups and cultures from Sabang to Merauke. The Pluralism makes such a nation building politics very relevant and significant. Ben Anderson (2008) stated that nations is such imagined communities to struggle for. In the nation building, the state unleashes some policies to integrate the societies. One of the politics of nationalism concerns with a cultural policy that deals with such a strategy of culture, i.e. by building museums (Luke 2002; Hellman 2003). The museums have important function, like preserving national heritage and supporting education. Since 1975, the New Order regime had established public museums at every provinces (Tod Jones 2015: 192). The regime played such an important role in establishing and signifying the museums. Besides, the regime also introduced and directed the public memories to way to understand the common past, Pancasila (Five Pillars) as a national ideology, and national struggles that containing in official educational books, monuments and museums. All directions belonged to such a politics of collective historical memories (McGregor, 2008). The political interest included in building provincial museums, like the cases from West Java and Central Java. The two museums show some different social, political and cultural characteristics, that related to Sundanese and Javanese ethnic groups. This paper is intended to explore the politics of nationalism and national characters for multicultural nations like Indonesia according to a realm of thought of the New Order regime. The provincial museums had such a similar historical narratives and timelines that showed the struggle and achievement of the regime, especially the refusal to communism, that had a strong connection to the Cold War. The narratives showed such a similarity and reference to the National Museum and National Monument (Monas), and to some extent, with military museums of Satria Mandala and Lubang Buaya. This research based on Historical Methods, that comprising of some phases, as heuristics, criticisms, interpretations and writings, with such a multidimensional approach. The material resources are including State Gazettes, Official Decrees, Correspondences and Newspapers, that derive from the collections of the National Archives. National Libraries, Sri Baduga Museum of West Java and Ronggowarsito Museum of Middle Java. Hermeneutics is used to analyze the museums’ narratives as texts, to unveil the regime’s politics of collective memories. The early findings show that the museums played such an important role to establish such an image and legitimacy of the regime to the local people.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 215
Reconstructing Historical Memory at Ambarawa Train Station Fajar Muhammad Nugraha, Reynaldo de Archellie
A location or place is one of the tools to rebuild a human’s collective memory, be that figuratively or physically. Historical memories of a past event are reintroduced to the public through reading, reencounters, and evoked sentiments. This historical memory does not singularly appear on its own in a man but it is brought back socially through elite groups. Halbwachs (1980) uses the terminology of collective memory to illustrate that human memory cannot be individually separated from the social role in which he lives; the individual memory cannot stand on its own but is formed by collective social memory through social interactions experienced by humans since the day of his birth. Indonesia has many colonial heritage sites that were reconstructed using various approaches. Historical tourism is one of the choices that many historical site managers use to revitalize, restore, and maintain a historical site. This study aims to explore the re-creation of socio-historical memory of the nation's community through interactions between humans and historical sites. This study observes the Ambarawa train station as a historical site in order to uncover what sort of historical memories had the managing site authority intended to display. Using the technique of participatory observation and semiotic analysis, this study explores the spaces at Ambarawa station which are restored for historical tourism purposes. This study found that the management authority of the Ambarawa station has still retained colonial traces in the form of the separation of various rooms for colonial society and indigenous people. The manager of the Ambarawa station reconstructs the waiting room, toilet, and the ticket booth separated as in the actual situation. The train cars for indigenous people are maintained so that they can still be used by visitors while the carriages for the colonial society have not been restored and can only be seen through several photo collections. This separation shows that the historical memory that was constructed on a location is no longer limited into articulating the representation of colonialism through the idea of social segregation at the station as a public space in the past, but has moved to bringing the experience to materialize physically in present day and not just figuratively. This actual physical restoration technique facilitates the interaction between humans and historical sites to restore the memory of colonial history that was socially discriminatory. Thus, historical memory is no longer collectively determined by the authorities elitist but is reconstructed together with the public and socially owned. Novelty of Research Collective memory has been widely discussed in a large number of research articles focusing on conceptual foundations and theoretical approaches (Wertsch and Rodiger III, 2008), theory and politics (Weedon and Jordan 2012; Mitchell 2003), social aspect of collective memory (Apfelbaum, 2010), and narratives and memory (Freeman, 2010). Specific studies discussing the interaction of places with collective memory are produced by Martinez (2018), Garnett and Rosser (2019), Winter (2016), and Freist (2013). Some articles also focus on the preservation of monuments and sites as tools for constructing collective
216 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
memory (Muthuma 2016; Drozdzewski, 2016; Muzaini, 2016; Young and Light, 2016; Azaryahu, 2016). Stepping from these studies, this study tries to enrich the discussion of collective memory with a focus on the reconstruction of collective memory in the public sphere of colonial heritage carried out jointly by the managing authority of the site with public visitors through human interaction with historical sites.
‘Salam Metal!’: The Social and Political Impact of the 1993 Metallica’s Concert in Indonesia Achmad Sunjayadi, Abdullah Sammy
Music has an important role in political history in Indonesia. In the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, heavy metal music experienced a peak of popularity in Indonesia. Metal whose ideology invites young people to rebel establishment in fact also affects youth in a number of countries, including Indonesia. Concert of an American heavy metal band, Metallica in Jakarta in April 1993, caused massive riots. This article analyses the impact of the 1993 Metallica concert on Indonesian political life and society. The aim is to describe the impact of the Metallica’s concert on Indonesian political conditions and society from 1993 to 1995. The method used was the historical method, through heuristic (data collection), external and internal criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The data used is the news from Republika, Kompas, Tempo, Hai and foreign newspapers and magazines. Data was also obtained from the interviews. The findings show that there is an indirect relation between the Metallica concert and political life in Indonesia, especially one political party, the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). In 1987 PDI restructured the party and called for new jargon ‘metal’ to bring the party closer to young voters. 'Metal' came from Merah total, totally red and became PDI’s ideology. The PDI also recruited many young people to join in strengthening the party. The ideology of music metal has similarities with the PDI which was hard in maintaining the principle like the robustness of the horn symbolized by three-finger greetings. The increasing strength of the PDI with ‘metal’ jargon made the Indonesian government react. Especially after in 1987 the PDI was present with Megawati, Soekarno's daughter. The Metallica band's concert in 1993 in Jakarta became the peak of ‘metal’ resistance against the Indonesian government which resulted in riots. Since the riots, the government issued a declaration containing the total ban on the heavy metal music performances in Indonesia. In an effort to counter metal culture, the Indonesian government began rolling out the National Discipline Movement which was authorized in 1995. The government also issued legal products that regulate large numbers of mass associations. With the issuance of these rules, all forms of art activities, especially musical performances, must be in accordance with the permission of the commander of the Indonesian national army forces or chief of the
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 217
Indonesian national police. Since then, every political activity must be also through government approval.
Social Turbulence in Eastern Nusa Tenggara, After Fabianus Tibo Cs’ Execution: Actors on the Friday, September 22, 2006 Execution Raditya Rahadian Kamajaya, Muhammad Wasith Albar, Didik Pradjoko
With large population, comes great responsibility in maintaining a society that consist of many ethnicities. That is one way to describe the intensity of communal interactions between cultures in Indonesia. It was also conceptually perceived as a plural and multicultural society (Kymlicka, 2010), making the interaction comes with various viewpoints and aspirations. However, such plurality could also be seen as a challenge toward mutual understandings to avoid extreme segregation, even if it should have been considered as a “blessing” for building better tolerance and endurance, as well as managing conflict and its meaningful resolutions. This research aims to answer the questions on how the pattern of interaction in East Nusa Tenggara changed, especially those who inhabited Atambua and Maumere, in the period before and after the execution of Fabianus Tibo Cs in front of the firing squad. Moreover, it also seek to reveal why and how such event could trigger a social turbulence in both areas (Kompas, 23 September 2006), even though it was solidly considered as justice served right (inkracht van gewijsde), or roughly one example of capital punishment. By using documents/archives and actual newspaper articles, analyzed through the method of historical writing, this research is expected to give a comprehensive analysis of past events. Chronologically, this research provides an explanation based on six determinants of Smelser’s collective behavior (1962), as well as Lloyd’s dialectic analysis of agency in the social structure (1993). The six determinants are presented as a conducive social structure that triggered collective actions, such as the structural tension in the community, the communal belief, certain factors that caused such actions, the mass mobilization, and the state’s coercive behavior as social control to avoid destructive conducts. According to the theory of structuration, the structure in the society is perceived as loose structure, enabling the human structuring agency to maintain reproduction or to assemble transformation toward the structure itself. A strong dialectic process between the agency and the social structure is the key of a successful structural reformation (Lloyd, 1993).
218 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Anti-Corruption Committee: Student Movement in Opposing Corruption Cases in the Beginning of the New Order Government 1970 - 1974 Rahayu Hardita Dwi W., Linda Sunarti
Cases of corruption seems to be a deep-rooted culture in Indonesia. The government's efforts to eradicate corruption in Indonesia have been going on for years. According to Juwono (2018) in the Sejarah Pemberantasan Korupsi di Indonesia 1945-2014 [History of Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia 1945- 2014], the draft anti-corruption law was first rolled out during the period of Parliamentary Democracy, when Burhanudin Harahap (Masyumi) served as Prime Minister. However, the anti-corruption bill proposed in September 1955 was rejected by President Sukarno. Even so, the government's efforts to eradicate corruption continue until 2019. The issue of corruption is an interesting issue consistently raised by the student movement to this day. Student movement is a moral movement that is often faced with people's expectations of change. Regarding the role of students themselves, Sanit (1999) explains in Pergolakan Melawan Kekuasaan [the Upheaval Against the Power] that students as part of the intellectuals, acts as a corrective movement for irregularities that occur in society. Students also generate strength that is able to foster awareness of facing change, so that people have the desire to change towards progress. This function and role then make the student movement have an obligation to bring changes. The culture of corruption rooted in Indonesia has always been an issue brought about by the student movement, which is considered an indicator of a country's progress. At the beginning of the formation of the New Order government, the student movement seemed to take a position as a government coalition in making changes. This is evidenced by several figures from the student movement who joined the DPR-GR. The establishment of the KAK (Komite Anti Korupsi or the Anti-Corruption Committee) was a real step in the student movement in opposing corruption cases in Indonesia at the beginning of the New Order government. This study uses historical methods to process written and oral sources. This paper uses newspapers such as: KOMPAS and INDONESIA RAYA. In addition, this research will be supported by interviews with student movement figures who were active from 1970 to 1974.
The Area Expansion of Taliabu and the Role of Ahmad Hidayat Mus: Establishing District of Taliabu Island, North Maluku 2004-2013 Sarifudin Bin La Kuma, Susanto Zuhdi
The area expansion of Taliabu Island District through Act No. 6 of 2013 unfolded a convenient space for Ahmad Hidayat Mus (AHM) to establish a competitive political dynasty in North Maluku. Before having his time serving as one of many local elites, AHM was a successful businessman by the end of 1990s, making profits out of the timber forests in Taliabu, Mangole and Sula to be exported to
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 219
Japan. He started his political career by joining Golongan Karya as the Chairman of Sula Islands Branch in 2004, then the Leader of the Regional Representative Council during 2004-2009. He proposed himself to become the regent of Sula Islands and got elected in both 2005 and 2010, making him the most sought-after person in the district for two administrative periods (2005- 2015). AHM was deemed as potential local born, even though he is actually a mixed of Chinese (maternally) and Taliabu-Buton (paternally), hence acquiring extensive understanding toward lots of sociocultural aspects in the life of the people of Taliabu. This article aims to study the process of Taliabu Island to become the area of new autonomy, while analyzing AHM’s personage in establishing his own political dynasty as typical, but not general, consequences of the discourse of area expansion. The inauguration of AHM as Sula Island’s Regent had paved his way to expand Taliabu as an autonomous district, separated from its prior parent-district, to eventually distribute to his family and relatives over many institutions and agencies as bureaucrats. This research is conducted by utilizing political approach, combined with sociocultural examination. Political approach is used to analyze the role of AHM in the area expansion process, since the day he had been elected as the regent, to the day he finally inaugurate Taliabu, along with his networks among the dynasty, locally and nationally; while the sociocultural approach is used to understand the character and manner of AHM as the actor of the structure. Through the method of historical writing, this research used various sources, such as government’s archives, newspaper, and intensive interviews toward historical actors. This research assumes that the area expansion has become the medium of local elites to meet their desires in local politics, as we could see it obviously on the case of AHM, by exercising such modality (economical, sociocultural, political), to eventually become one of several pioneering works on the study of area expansion in the post-Reformation era in Indonesia.
The Dynamics of Kukusan Village: Social, Economic and Environmental Changes Related to The Existence of Universitas Indonesia in Depok 1987- 2016 Agus Setiawan
Kukusan village is one of the villages directly affected by the establishment of the University of Indonesia campus in Depok. The village which is located in the northern part of the administrative center of Depok city is directly adjacent to the South Jakarta Municipality area and is one of the links between the Depok and South Jakarta areas which are passed by workers who are domiciled in Depok but made a living in Jakarta. The history of the existence of Kukusan Village and the changing face of this village since the start of the use of the University of Indonesia Campus in Depok until 2016 has not been written much. Even though in plain view there have been many changes from the social, economic and environmental aspects. This study aims to analyze the
220 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
relationship between the changes that took place in Kukusan Village and the existence of the University of Indonesia in Depok which helped change the face of Depok into a city that is not only a buffer zone for Jakarta but also a center of economic and educational activities. Research on the history of Kukusan Village is also expected to provide historical awareness for the Kukusan community and the increasingly physical development of the region. This study uses historical methods to reveal the development of Kukusan Village in relation to the existence of the University of Indonesia Campus in Depok. The results of this study show that there are factors that change the face of Kukusan Village from a social, economic and environmental perspective, especially after the establishment of the University of Indonesia Campus in Depok where the activities of some residents of Kukusan Village in the economic sector turned to various professions tailored to the needs and the existence of the University of Indonesia from the beginning worked as a farmer or planted crops. An important finding from this study was the existence of a simple government structure that had been applied in local communities in the Kukusan region. A number of street names that are now in the Kukusan Sub- District take the name of the foremen who have been in power in Kukusan. A number of studies on local communities relating to the development of an area in the oil mining area have been carried out by the authors so that it is very useful in tracing local sources through interviews.
The Efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia In Taking Over Tin Mining Companies: A Case Study of Status of Billiton Maatschappij 1945- 1958 Ranaka Adhitama, Agus Setiawan
In the area near the island of Sumatra there are adjacent islands called Bangka Island and Belitung Island which are the centers of tin mining in the archipelago. Tin is one of the important commodities of mining materials because of its use for metal base materials such as food cans, bullets, iron layers, and so on. The problem discussed in this study is how the Indonesian government tried to take over the Billiton Maatschappij tin mining company in the period after Indonesian independence. Historically tin mining exploration in the Bangka Belitung Islands has been divided into two management. First, management of tin mines during the Dutch government through Dutch companies named Billtion Maatschappij and Bangka Tin Winning. The second is in the management of the government of the Republic of Indonesia by forming a State Company (PN), commonly referred to as PN Timah, which will later be renamed PT Timah (Persero). This study aims to understand why the Indonesian government seeks to take over the Billiton Maatschappij company and its benefits to the government and people of Indonesia, especially on the islands of Bangka and Belitung. This study uses a historical method consisting of four stages, namely heuristic, verification, interpretation and historiography.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 221
This research seeks to uncover the history of tin mining on Bangka and Belitung Island along with the dynamics of ownership of tin mining businesses which involved the intervention of the Dutch colonial government and later the Indonesian Government. An important finding in this study was the significant role of the Royal Netherlands family in developing the tin mining business on both islands as well as a violation of the rules for managing the mining business in the Dutch East Indies. Besides this research also found the existence of figures in the government of the Dutch East Indies who played an important role in the tin mining business. This research is very relevant to the conditions of the tin mining business on the islands of Bangka and Belitung in the present where the tin business is controlled by a number of entrepreneurs while the local population only becomes miners. Researchers have conducted archival studies so that it is very helpful in completing research on tin mining on the islands of Bangka and Belitung.
The Past and The Present: The Variety and Meanings of Kim Coa (金 纸) in Religious Life of Chinese-Indonesian Communities Afriadi, Linda Sunarti
The relationship between China and Nusantara (the Archipelago) has existed hundreds and even thousands of years. The arrival of Chinese migrants in Indonesia has been recorded since the 15th century. This is clear through the record of Ma Huan, the note taker who accompanied Cheng Ho on his voyage to the Archipelago. According to his records, Cheng Ho's mission found settlements of Chinese people (who are generally traders) in almost every place visited (Mastuti, 2018). The traders who originally intended to trade in the Archipelago, eventually settled and married local women. They formed a new identity which is now known as Peranakan. Chinese people came with various cultural instruments, including beliefs and religious systems. Over time, cultural adaptation and assimilation takes place in this religious system. One of them is the use of prayer paper, or Kim Coa. Kim Coa (金 纸) used in every Chinese prayer ceremony is full of meaning and sacredness. The use of Kim Coa on the Chinese-Indonesian community was even recorded in a book by Tjoa Tjoe Koan (1887) which was published in the colonial period. This proves that the use of Kim Coa in Chinese-Indonesia community has had historical roots hundreds of years ago. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the development and function of the Kim Coa in the Chinese-Indonesian community have been developed since their arrival to the present day. Through this problem, this research can also enrich Indonesian historiography, especially about Chinese culture that has not been widely discussed. This research combines literature and field studies. This research traces historical archives that record the use of Kim Coa. In addition, this study will also analyze the mantra meanings contained in the Kim Coa paper itself. Field studies have
222 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
been conducted by researchers at several places during 2017 and 2018 including, Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Bangka Belitung, Manado, Ternate and Tidore. Field research aims to collect types of Kim Coa in each region and to compare between one area with another. This research can provide a clear picture of the development of the use of Kim Coa and its variety in the religious life of Chinese people in Indonesia. Researchers found several unique Kim Coa that are only used in certain regions. This shows that the development of the use of Kim Coa follows the process of adaptation and assimilation of Chinese people in the local area.
The Reform of History Teaching Curriculum in Indonesia 2004-2013: The Voice of History Teachers and Their Experiences Wintarsih, Linda Sunarti
History teaching in the New Order era was oriented towards national interests in order to strengthen state integration. The New Order government used its political authority to establish the narrative that the New Order government was the saviour of Indonesia from the threat of communist groups. The narrative was designated as an official history, which was taught in in schools. After the end of the New Order government in 1998, the history teaching was sued by the public. Doubts about the truth over the narrative of history teaching continue to be a public discourse until today. Some historical events such as the September 30 Movement, Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret (the Order of Eleventh March), the beginning of the New Order, the PRRI-Permesta, Darul Islam and the Integration of East Timor were questioned. Confusion arose among the public and students about the truth of information on historical events based on textbooks, popular books, print & online media. The credibility of teaching history and the school curriculum is also questioned. The changes of curriculum have influences on changes in the position and function of teaching history as outlined in the narrative, the scope and teaching material of history taught in schools. Teaching history after the New Order period was faced with new challenges. Teachers experience confusion in teaching history to their students. The history teachers are then divided into two groups. On the one hand, those who are confident about the information contained in the textbook and teach the material in accordance with the textbooks they have been using so far. On the other hand, there are history teachers who question the truth of the information that has been known and feel unsure of the truth presented in the textbooks. This research uses oral history to explore how ten history teachers feel, experience and enact the National Curriculum of 2004, 2006 and 2013 in their classes. The use of oral history is based on the experience of ten history teachers who experienced a change of curriculum in the Reformation Era. The collective memory of the personal experience of the history teachers is used as a historical resource to understand the reform of the history teaching curriculum in 2004-2013.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 223
The Revitalization of Tourism in Yogyakarta 1950-1966 Hasbi Marwahid, Didik Pradjoko
Tourism was one of many interesting aspect of the Dutch East Indies establishment as it could be seen on the magazine, Tourism in Nederland Indies, in 1938. This article especially put tourism in Yogyakarta forward as a part of cultural promotion and enhancement that had been flourishing since the colonial era. However, it had encountered a very unfortunate situation during Japan‚ Military Occupation, as well as during the war for independence. Therefore, we could only see it flourishing back when it had come to a more stable circumstances on the 1950s, as the government decided to reconsider and re-promote tourism as domestic and international attractions. A number of institutions were put to establish to mark the seriousness of the government in carrying out their plans, both nationally and regionally. But of course, it had to deal with various challenges, even though Yogyakarta was far beyond ready to be promoted as a cultural and natural spot of tourism in Indonesia. It was carried out moderately from 1950 to 1954, and deemed to be a quite successful effort on enhancing tourist visits, such as visits from honorable neighboring countries‚ guests, participants of numerous conferences, domestic and international regular tourists, as well as students in many cultural hubs (Kraton, museum, Sonobudoyo, temples, etc.). Afterwards, there was further discussion on how it could be more effective in Yogyakarta‚ Regional Assembly, to redefine the immediate advantages of becoming a well-known city of tourism for the people of Yogyakarta, both in the means of educational and cultural. Various infrastructures were developed, such as public transportation, hotels and hostels, restaurants, as well as more sites to be visited, while enhancing the quality of performed arts, attractions, events, and promotional strategies. It was all initiated in the 1956, and then began to slow down in 1965, for there had been a shift in the government and deteriorating political sphere. Thus, this research aims to analyze the ups and downs in the development of tourism in Yogyakarta to discover the reason why it was culturally revitalized, by examining factual resources, such as collection of archives, as well as local and national newspapers. This research is expected to unveil the groundwork of such revitalization, for it has successfully turned Yogyakarta as one of Indonesia‚ tourism spots that consecutively contributes to the country‚ foreign exchange reserves.
224 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
The Role of Indigenous Peoples in Tourism Activities in Garut in 1908-1942 Irfal Mujaffar, Achmad Sunjayadi
The famous of Garut, West Java with its mountainous atmosphere and the beauty of its natural panorama was the main tourist destinations in the Dutch East Indies. In the first half of the twentieth century, tourism developed into a new sector that was so attached to the life of the Garut people after plantation and agricultural businesses. Along with the tourism activities in Garut, the types of work of indigenous people there were increasingly varied. This article analyses the role of indigenous people in tourism activities in Garut from 1908- 1942. The aim is to show their important contribution in various fields of work that support tourism activities. The research method used in writing this article is a historical method consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. By using archives, tourist guidebooks, travel journals, tourist promotion magazines, Dutch, Malay and local (Sundanese) newspapers, tourist brochures, and collection of photographs, were found several types of professions filled by indigenous people are associated with tourism activities in Garut. The findings of this article show that along with the development of tourism activities in Garut, many indigenous people took part in this sector, mainly in the areas of accommodation, entertainment, and service. They work as foremen, cooks, gardeners and jongos or waiters in hotels. There are also those who work as porters, tour guides, horse jockeys, souvenir sellers and traditional instrument players to entertain tourists such as angklung, calung, and turangkong players. The tourism activities in Garut not only opened up new employment opportunities for the local people there but also has provided space for indigenous people from surrounding areas to take part of this sector, for example, marketing of woven products imported from Tasikmalaya craftsmen as souvenirs. Thus, the presence of indigenous people was an integral part of the development of tourism activities in Garut. Their role was very important. In addition to be the spearhead in charge of serving tourists, they were also elements that contribute to the movement of tourism activities in Garut. The situation at the time should be compared with the role of the Garut community in tourism activities today.
The role of Priayi inside local Sarekat Islam at the Priangan Residency 1913-1919 Fajar Nur Alam, Abdurakhman
This article discusses the contribution of priayi inside the local Sarekat Islam organization in the Priangan Regency, and the rivalry between the priayi which tends to cause an internal conflict inside Sarekat Islam Priangan. Sarekat Islam started to grow in Priangan in 1913, pioneered by three figures from Central Sarekat Islam (C.S.I). The three figures are R. Gunawan, Abdul Moeis and A.H. Wignjadisastra. The presence of Sarekat Islam in Priangan was
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 225
welcomed by the middle- and lower-class society. Aside from that, the growth of Sarekat Islam in Priangan become phenomenal because Sarekat Islam was a reactive movement toward the colonial situation in the beginning. The movement still comes from the religious that causes them to be able to do a big mass mobilization, increasing the intensity of their action. Local Sarekat Islan in Priangan mostly leads by the priayi, starting from the district level, to the branch level. The presence of priayi in leading Sarekat Islam in Priangan becoming a big concern for the Dutch East Indies, because they are seeing them as a threat. The entry of the village officials and the other government employees into Sarekat Islam in Priangan become a new problem for the Dutch East Indies. This paper is using the historical method, according to Louis Gottschalk, the step of historical method is Heuristic, Critic, Interpretation, and Historiography. The method used on writing this article is Heuristic by collecting some of the primary sources such as archive, document, and other literature related to the research theme. The sources are newspaper from the same era such as Kaoem Moeda, Padjadjaran, Neratja and some document from ANRI. Some other primary sources used in this research is a Dutch newspaper such as Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, De Preangerbode. Besides the primary resource, this research also uses some secondary sources such as journal article, and book related to it. The next stage is the Source Critic which done to all gathered sources looking for the objective truth and not focused by only one point of view. Next stage is to analyze the verified sources and the do interpretation from the fact and gather all the data which tell the event happened to Sarekat Islam in Priangan. The last stage is historiography, a step to write down the result of the interpretation from various fact about the Role of Priayi in local Sarekat Islam at the Priangan Residency.
Understanding Politics from Our Founding Fathers's View Bilqis Fitria Salsabiela
Nowadays, politics are becoming so tricky as demagogy and using some dirty ways, such as: Hoax as a popular media to make propaganda without any mercy. The implication of those ways is so destructive for this country, because there will be too much haters on the society which can create many frictions. We have to look back to memoir on the historical story about our Founding Fathers who devoted themselves to this country and doing politics with a good way. This paper will explore the political view from some Founding fathers, such us: Sutan Sjahrir, Mohammad Hatta and Agoes Salim. So that, we can learn how they implement the politics to their lives. When we learn about their biography and moral story of their lives, we will try to understand how they implement the politics with a good manner and make every decision to think globally as Indonesian side. The daily activities from our Founding Fathers reflect to their action to make those decisions about politics or other field and how they behave as a politician which are so important to immersive about their
226 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
behavior. Sjahrir said politics is not about a bet an opportunity to get another opportunity with higher expectation. Politics is not gaining power from others and using it to force another side. Politics is bet our lives, to gain the life it self. Sjahrir taught us a democratic idea and how to be a pedagog to the society. Hatta said that politics did not separate from our behavior, he was known as an honesty people, anti corruption and doing his life with austherity. Agoes Salim also implemented his life without spoility, he was so wise person and becoming grand oldman of our republic who worked based on God to lead him to the right way.
LAPORAN TAHUNAN FIB UI 2016
“Emerging Issues in the Humanities and Arts” 227
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Manneke Budiman, Ph.D. Julia Wulandari, M.Hum. Steering Committee Conference Director Adhe I. Djajaatmadja, S.S. Mulyani, S.E. Secretary Treasurer S. M. Gietty Tambunan, Ph.D. Dr. Maria Regina Widhiasti SCOPUS Publication Coordinator Non-SCOPUS Publication Coordinator Yudi Bachrioktora, M.A. Lisda Liyanti, M.A. Editor Coordinator Program Coordinator Ghilman Assilmi, M.Hum. Pratidina Sekar P, M.Si(Han). IT Coordinator Registration Coordinator Chaidir Ashari, M.Hum. Danang Aryo Nugroho Transportation & Accomodation Coordinator Logistic Coordinator
228 INUSHARTS 4.0 (International Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2019)
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Universitas Indonesia DEPOK, 201 9