Gender Studies on Reaganism in Fast and Furious 6

GENDER STUDIES ON REAGANISM IN FAST AND FURIOUS 6

A Thesis

Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Strata One (S1)

ADAM FIRMANSYAH

1110026000109

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2015 ABSTRACT

Adam Firmansyah, Reaganism in Fast and Furious 6. A Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2014. The purpose of this research is to know Reaganism terms from the main character in the movie. The author uses qualitative descriptive analysis to analyze it. The data are collected from dialogues, the scripts and pictures that captured in the movie. The author analyzed this movie using the concept masculinity and Reaganism terms that exist. From the analysis of this movie, the author finds that the main character which has all of collective symbol of men related to Reagan masculinity terms. It appear when the main character, Dominic shows about his bulged, and well-built body in the movie. His life started as a street racer in Los Angeles, become a leader of his team, and his family since Dom’s father passed away. In this movie the main character tries to save the world from the high class professional villain, Owen Shaw in London. Although the main character also shows about the masculinity concepts in him, he appears as a father, the hard man with some deadly skills when he fights, and some ability to drive, tune his own supercars. In this movie the main character is also shows the action heroic that related to Reaganism terms. By using weapons, firearms and American supercars, Dominic is becoming a hero and save the world with all kind from American in this movie. Keywords : Characterization, Masculinity Concept, Reaganism.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that thesis submission is my original work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due knowledge has been made in the text.

Jakarta, 17 September 2014

Adam Firmansyah

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirahmanirahim,

First of all, the author give great gratitude to Almighty God for the grace and blessing to the author for finishing the thesis. Then, peace and blessing be upon to our greatest prophet Muhammad SAW and to his family and his followers.

The author would like to express a special thanks to his families, his parents, Mr. Alpian and Mrs. Nanik for the huge support, their patience, spiritual motivation to the author in completing this thesis.

Also the author would like to say thankful to his advisor Mr. Akhmad

Zakky, M. Hum for the time and advice that he gives to the author in guiding the author until now.

The author also would like to express the greatest appreciation to:

1. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd, the Head of English Letters Department.

2. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the Secretary of English Letters Department.

3. All lecturers of English Letters Department.

4. The beloved parents, Alpian Abdul Halip and Nanik Jannati for their time,

love and huge support for the author.

5. Spiritual teachers, H. Dwi Susanto and Kyai H. Khudri for giving great

support, their time and prays to make this process easier for the author.

6. Best friends, Jamal, Bayu, Bagus, Fajwa, and others for the help, advice

and time that very helpful for the author.

7. And special thanks to Yunia Sari Chairunnisa for her time and motivation

that very meaningful.

Jakarta, 16 Oktober 2015

The Author

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... i

APPROVAL SHEET ...... ii

LEGALIZATION ...... iii

DECLARATION ...... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...... 1

A. Background of Study ...... 1

B. Focus of the Research ...... 4

C. The Problem of the Study ...... 4

D. The Significance of the Study ...... 4

E. The Methodology of the Study ...... 5

1. The Method of the Study ……………………………………….. 5

2. The Objective of the Study ...... 5

3. The Technique of Analysis Data ...... 5

4. The Instrument of the Study ...... 6

5. The Unit Analysis ...... 6

6. The Time and Place of the Study ...... 6

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK ...... 7

A. Previous Research ...... 7

B. Characterization ...... 8

vii

C. Masculinity Concepts ...... 12

D. Reaganism ...... 14

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ...... 20

A. Characterization in Dominic Torreto ...... 20

1. Protective...... 20

2. Great Lover ...... 23

3. Brave Man ...... 25

B. Reaganism Terms ...... 27

1. Dominic as a “Family Man” ...... 27

2. Man and Guns ...... 30

3. Heroic Action ...... 32

4. Aggressive ...... 36

5. The Natural (Hero) Versus The Mechanized (Enemy) ...... 37

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. CONCLUSION ...... 40

B. SUGGESTION ...... 41

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 42

viii

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

In just over a hundred years, movies have evolved into a complex

form of artistic representation and communication: they are at once a

hugely influential, wildly profitable global industry and a modern art- the

most popular art form today.1Movie is a form of modern art that we love

today, and in the present it become the primary entertainment for

everyone. The movie is also a powerful media to convey all kinds of

information; for example the influence of political, social events, and also

important tragedy.

Yet behind this mask, all movies, even the most blatantly

commercial ones, contain layers of complexity and meaning that can be

studied, analyzed, and appreciated.2 From the explanation above, movie is

also a field of learning. Not only watching it, movie can also be learned

from various aspects that make the movie can be enjoyed for everyone.

Masculinity is the one concept in movie which connects with the

act of man, and the depicting of man. Masculinity tells about the

characteristics of man who portrayed in movie. Masculinity is the set of

social practices and cultural representations associated with being a

1Richard Barsham, Looking at Movies: An Introduction to Film Third Edition (New York, W.W. Norton & Company, 2010) .p. 2. 2Ibid. p. 3. 1

man.3Masculinity is the cultural concept that appears to create the

stereotypes of men. The creation of this concept requires a process to

sharpen the image of masculinity from men. This term could be interesting

and the readers can be easily to learn about men movements.

Masculinity and Hollywood movies are the one theme, and one body

to create the maleness movie. The first form, the Hollywood masculinity

concept was created by Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United

States of America. This concept becomes the focus in movie creation in

Reagan Revolution.4But more than specific images, lines, or characters,

Hollywood shaped Reagan’s “plot” as well, inclining him to create

narratives in which he could be featured, as he had been during his acting

days, as the hero of the story.5In this concept, Reagan creates about the

characteristics of man in movie, the ‘hero’ theme, and the unique plot. The

first and easiest example is Rambo movie that create the sense of

American hero.

Fast and Furious 6(2013)6 Is an action movie present about a pure

masculinity concepts from male characters and show the existence of

Reaganism. Fast and Furious 6(2013) movie. This film had been famous

3Jane Pilcher and Imelda Whelehan, 50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies¸(London: Sage Publication, 2004),p. 82. 4Reagan Revolution starts from 1980 until 1988 which the United States of America back to the glory. From the military forces, economic power, and the good society that become a good model in the world. 5Susan Jeffords, Hard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan era, (United States of America: Rutgers University Press, 1994), p. 4. 6Fast and Furious 6 who directed by Justin Lin. This movie is the latest sequel from Fast and Furious 1 which produced in 2001. 3

since its first production. Starred by the famous actor, Vin Diesel, Paul

Walker, and the famous Hiphop singer, Chris ‘Ludacris’ Bridges. Yet, this study is only focuses for one character, from one character deflecting an important issues in this movie. Fast and Furious 6 tell about street racer’s life, robbery, police pursuit, and all violent acts that involved.Dominic is a street racer, and the leader of his racing team. In this film, Dominic shows his masculine values as a father, the leader, and a good fighter.

Dominic is described as brave man; he feels no fear to anything. His life started as illegal street racer. When the night comes, Dominic dared to challenge the race to everybody. Dominic have a sister in his family called

Mia; he loves her very much and protective to her. He doesn’t want anything or something bad happen to her. He embodied with the big muscles entire his body. His bald head and always wears a short shirt that makes the image of man. Dominic has dozen of abilities that appear in movie; tune up his supercars, drive with high speed, and he can easily to use various firearms. Those abilities are related to man activity that uses the strength of man; tune up the car by ourselves is not easy than we thought before.

The author wants to reveal this old masculinity concept from Fast and Furious 6. The author presumes that the masculinity concept from

Reagan presidency is still exists in Hollywood movies in present days.

And also exploring how far the point of masculinity appears from main 4

character, the narrative structure and the existence of Reaganism in this movie.

B. Focus of the Research

Based on the background of the study, this research focus on the concept of masculinity and the existence of Reaganism which shows on the Fast and Furious 6 movie based on Reaganism terms.

C. The Problem of the Study

This research has two problems that would be necessary to sharpen my analysis. The problem of the Study below :

1. How are the characteristics of the main character in Fast and

Furious 6?

2. How far are Fast and Furious 6 applying the concept of

Reaganism?

D. The Significance of the Research

Hopefully, this research could give information about the masculinity concept that appear in Fast and Furious 6 movie through the characters, and Reaganism terms. It could be a references for research and hopefully, the reader can know and realize the differences of masculinity concept from each movie in this thesis.

E. The Methodology of the Study

1. The Method of the Study

In this research, the author is adopting descriptive analysis is based

on the research. Descriptive research is gathering some information related

to this condition, and see the variable connection that exist.7 The author

use qualitative method. Sociological approach is also will be the secondary

methods in this thesis.

2. The Objective of the Study

The objective of research is the main device to reveal the

characteristics of the main character in Fast and Furious 6, and also how

the concept of Reaganism show through from the main characters.

3. The Technique of Analysis Data

The data is analyzed by using qualitative methods which is allowed

the researcher to analyze the data descriptively. This research will use

some resource, books, internet pages, journals, and many more. The author

gathered information or data from Fast and Furious 6 movie that shows

the Reaganism terms.

7Drs. Mardalis, Metodologi Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Proposal, (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1995), p.26. 6

4. The Instrument of the Study

The instrument of the study for this research is the author watch the movie by himself, understanding the meaning, identifying the data and analyzing the information related to the data.

5. The Unit of Analysis

This research takes the unit of analysis from Fast and Furious

6movie which is directed by Justin Lin published in 2013 that downloaded from internet.

6. The Time and Place of the Study

The author begins his research on February 2014. This research will be held in some place at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Adab and

Humanities Faculty, English Letters Departement Basement, Main library, and all kind of places related to this research. 7

CHAPTER TWO

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research

This previous research was taken from Jeffrey A. Brown cinematic journals entitled Gender and Action Heroine: Hardbodies and the Point of

No Return. In his case, Brown discuss about how far figure of hero performing heroine masculinity in the early 1990s. Brown takes about two samples, from two women charaters, Ripley from Alien and Sarah Connors from Terminator 2: Judgement Day. In this journal, women takes the primary role from both films, and crosses the feminine values. Women from both films were forced to leave their nature as a female. In the other hand, both films use women as main character or hero, with the same ability as a man, and of course with a hard sculptured women body.

Besides,. Brown uses women as the object for “Hardbody” research, and this thesis is only take the men as the object. Although, the theory that use by Brown is the same with this thesis. By using the concept “Hardbody”,

Brown’s research and the author has the same theory, but not only for the object of research.

The second research is from Nicky Falkof article entitled

“Hardbodies and Sidelong Looks: Spectacle and Fetish in 1980s Action

Cinema”. This article discuss about the mass production heroes in 8

Hollywood which had always encoded by symbol and reflected for the

American or global socio-political culture. The reflection of losing war in

1975, America was defeated by Vietnam. From Dirty Harry (1971) and

Five Easy Pieces (1970) to Apocalypse Now (1979), and The Deerhunter

(1978), those films are depicting about masculinity, manhood nationality, and some kind of cure from traumatic event in that year. The author explains about the upcoming of Rambo in 1980 when Ronald Reagan was elected. Rambo has known by all people as the man with noble moral in battlefield, he has bulging muscle, and become iconic of American masculinity in that time.

In this chapter, the author describes about the set of literary theory that used. These theories can reconstructing the analysis, extracting the meaning, and also being vital point from the research. The author classify the theories into three parts, the characterization from film, the concept of masculinity, and Reaganism terms.

B. Characterization

The main device in this thesis is characterization. This terms told several methods that concluding the characteristic from character, even character from novel, drama, and movie. Characterization takes an important roles in analyzing. When we want to create our character, or analyze the character from other author easily. In the case, the author will 9

focus at characterization in the movies. Characterization differs according

to the actor, the character, the screenplay, and the director.8

As we watch movies from other eras, though we should be aware

(and forgiving) of the ways in establishing motivation have changed over

time.9 If a character behaves or speaks in a way that disrupts the

verisimilitude (in its improbablity or eccentricity), we generally expect

some form of explanation that can help us redefine either the world of the

movie or the character.10 By the character, we found some evidences that

the character have their own ways to show to us how they should be.

Welles gives us information about characters’ action and thoughts that we

could have figured out ourselves from watching the action.11 The

characters at movies containing an all information from the character

itself. By analyzing, we could find easily what the information are. Yet,

the information about character’s life, how he or she can be hero, or may

be villain, what he or she can do in storyline, and many more.

To be interesting, character must seem real, understandable, and

worth caring about.12 By film, the directors should enchant the audience

through their chosen character. Of course, with a lot of effort, the director

should give more attention in characterization. For easiest example, the

8Richard Barsam, Looking at Movies Second Edition, (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2007), p.74. 9Ibid. p.74. 10Ibid, p. 75. 11Ibid. 12 Joseph M. Boggs & Dennis W. Petrie, The Art of Watching Films, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008), p.60. 10

Fast and Furious movie series, the character named Brian O’Connor played by The Late Paul Walker cannot be replaced by another one, because Paul has a powerful characteristic being Brian O’Connor, his facial features, gestures, and the way he speaks on film. Characterization has the way to develop the main idea of the character. There are five points of the characterization from film which each point offer the easiest way to see the point of character.

1) Characterization through Appearance

Because the most film actors project certain qualities of character the minute they appear on the screen, characterization in film has a great deal to do with casting a major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously.13 The minute we see most actors on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical buid, and mannerisms and the way they move.

Our first impression may be proven erroneous as the story progresses, but it certainly an important means of establishing character.

2) Characterization Through Dialogue

Characters in fictional film naturally reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say. Their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotion can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress,

13Ibid, p.50. 11

pitch and pause patterns of their speech.14 Actors use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects (if any) reveals a great deal about their characters’ social and economic level, educational background, and mental processes.

3) Characterization Through External Action

Although appearance is an important measure of a character’s personality, appearance are often misleading. Perhaps the best reflections of character are a person’s actions. It must be assumed, of course, that the real characters are more mere instruments of the plot that they do for a purpose, out of motives that are consistent with their overall personality.15

4) Characterization through The Internal Action

Inner action occurs within characters mind and emotion and consists of secret, unspoken thoughts, daydream, aspiration, memories, fears, and fantasies.16 People’s hopes, dreams, and aspirations can be as important to an understanding of their character as any real achievement, and their fears and insecurities can be more terrible to them than any real catastrophic failure. The most obvious way in which the filmmaker reveals inner reality is by taking us visualy or aurally into the mind so that we see or hear the things that the character imagines, remembers, or thinks about.

14Ibid. 15Ibid, p. 52 16Ibid, p. 53 12

5) Characterization through Reaction of Other Character

The way other characters view a person often serves as an excellent

means of characterization. Sometimes, great deal information about a

character is already providing through such means before the characters

first appear on the screen.17

C. Masculinity Concept

Masculinity concept is a product of gender studies that getting the

men’s essence. This concept tries to bring out the characteristic of real

man. When we talk about masculine, we talk about the strength of men,

their responsibilites, and their action. Traditional masculinity has

encompassed the value of strength, power, stoicism, action, control,

independence, self-sufficiency, camaraderle, and work amongst others.18

The stereotype of men is considered as natural bond from early age. The

early age means, “men” candidate would have to choose what side they

want to choose, or what they want to do. Masculinity and (feminity) is the

best approached from the standpoint of what men and women can do (that

is, how they behave) rather than what they are.19

17Ibid. 18Chris Barker, The Sage Dictionary of Cultural Studies, (London: Sage Publication Ltd, 2004), p. 115. 19John Beynon, Masculinities and Culture, (Buckingham: Open University Press, 2002), p. 7. 13

Men

The masculine The feminine

Hetero Homo Hetero Homo

From the chart above, arrangement of sexuality construction is

describe by gender map. This chart is comparing men in two ways, the

man with taste of masculine inside, and men with feminine side. Then, the

man with masculine inside could be the hetero or homo, same with the

man with feminine side. Each term explain about differences

characteristics from men, and also this chart describing how the men

reconstruct by cultural terms.20

The ways to discuss about men’s issue in patriarchal society is

cutting or deconstruct and reconstruct the concept of masculinity, and

linking the new social construction with all social changing, indeed the

social connection institutionalization process.21 Masculine is not only talk

about men’s body, the muscular men, but masculine is more like the

representation about men. The representation starts from men itself, how

their construct the men’s essence, how they participate in society. It could

be a plus point for men if they success constructing their manhood. The

societies also teach how the boys should behave in society, what they feel

20Ibid. 21Muhadjir Darwin. “Maskulinitas: Posisi Laki-laki dalam Masyarakat Patriarkis”, Jurnal Online, (Yogyakarta, 1999), p. 3. 14

and how they express the feelings, and treat each other.22 The men’s

experiences could be the central point between masculinity concept and

social needs. Masculinity characteristics is taking a long process and some

supportive factors which construct the characteristic from men itself. For

example, the experience from elementary, from social intercourse, and

when the men working in the office. The concept and social needs is the

crucial factor in establishing men’s characteristic.

Hegemonic masculinity is the one terms or depiction how

masculinity work as well. Hegemonic masculinity is works as foundation

pillars from masculinity. With the title “real men” will be the result from

hegemony itself. Hegemonic masculinity is established either through

consensual negotiation or through power and achievement.23 This terms is

consisting activity from men to take full control in any kind of aspects. In

fact, an achievement earned by men became a role modes of how the man

can be able to take over the system's life. For example, political field,

economy and many else.

D. Reaganism

Reaganism, is the one term that invented by Ronald Reagan, the 40th

president of United States. Reagan graduated in 1932 from Eureka

22Madeleine Arnot and Mairtin Mac an Ghail. The RoutledgeFalmer Reader in Gender and Education. (New York: Routledge, 2006), p. 102. 23Opcit, p. 17. 15

College, where he played football, and became a radio sports announcer.24

Ronald Reagan career began when he set foot on sports world. In his

youth, Reagan also began his carrer as an american actor. Appearing in

fifty-three films over the following two decades-most notably Knute

Rockne: All American (1940), and King’s Row (1941)- He played roles

that identifies manliness with patriotism, football, military herosim, and

the West.25 He changed from a sports man into a great politician, and then

he elected to became the President of United States of America.

During the Reagan administration, memory of the defeat from

Vietnam are still recorded in all citizens of America. Due to the influence

from Post Vietnam War, the film section also contribute in healing the

terrible memories. The filmRambo synthesizesthis "return to Vietnam"

cycle with another cycle that shows returning vets transforming

themselves from wounded and confused misfits to super warriors (i.e.

Rolling Thunder, Firefox, First Blood).26All of these post post-Vietnam

syndrome films show the U.S. and the American warrior hero victorious

this time and thus exhibit a symptom of inability to accept defeat.27Film or

movie became a clear medium to make American citizen to forget about

the defeat from Vietnam war. For one example, Rambo(1985) is a concrete

24Bret Carrol, American Masculinity: A Historical Encyclopedia, (United States of America, SAGE Publication, 2003), p. 385. 25Ibid. 26Douglas Kellner, “Film, Politics, and Ideology: Reflections on Hollywood Film in the Age of Reagan.” Accesed in 2nd January 2015,http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/. 27Ibid. 16

example, which illustrate the most obvious reflection of military

masculinity.

Basically, the pattern from Reagan masculinity during his

administration was carried an important influence in a Hollywood movies.

The concept that offered by Reagan is more like the brave man called

Rambo. Rambo is an individualist army and love his country.

In the dialectic of reasoning that constituted the Reagan movement,

bodies were deployed in two fundamental categories: the errant body

containing sexually transmitted disease, immorality, illegal chemicals,

“laziness’, and endangered fetuses, which we can call the “soft body”; and

the normative body that enveloped strength, labor, determination, loyalty,

and courage- the “hard body” the body that was to come to stand as the

emblem of the Reagan philosophies, politics, and economies.28 From this

explanation, Reagan influences explains the body into two parts; the soft

body which described as the weak one. And the hard body depicted as the

strong one, or we called it the hero. The depiction of the indefatigable,

muscular, and invincible masculine body became the linchpin of the

Reagan imaginary; this hardened male form became the emblem not only

for the Reagan presidency but for its ideologies and economies as well.29

28Susan Jeffords, Hard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan era, (United States of America: Rutgers University Press, 1994), p. 25. 29Ibid. 17

To understand the broad functions of these bodies as collective symbols, it is important to see them not simply as images for Reagan’s own self-projections or idealizations of an outdated Hollywood heroism but to recognize their successful linkage in Reaganism to the national body as well.30From this explanation, Reaganism is not only understandable as clear masculine image from him or from his actions, but the images of

Reaganism are connected to the national body. As such, these hard bodies came to stand not only for a type of national character; heroic, aggressive and determined; but for the nation itself.31

One of the key mechanism for that collective imaging and narration during the 1980s and one of the most visible locations for the “collective symbol” of hard bodies was the Hollywood film.32 In such terms, the cinematic narrative offers two ways to a feeling of “mastery”: at the level of plot in which the hard-body hero masters his surroundings, most often by defeating enemies through violent physical action; and at the level of national plot, in which the same hero defeats national enemies, again through violent physical action.33 The substitute mastery offered by

Reaganism is never simply personal or national but a combination of both.34

30Ibid. 31Ibid. 32Ibid. p.27. 33Ibid 34Ibid. p.28. 18

Repudiating the hard bodies who perperated these oppresions, white male heroes stepped forward to champion the causes of men of color and women, aligning themselves with a system of law and justice that would ensure both the insitution of justice and white men’s continued control of it.35 The emotionally and physically whole man of the eighties would rather be a father than a warrior.36 From the explanation above, the changes appears when the white male heroes controling the justice institution, and also the women roles play behind it. Yet, this change is could be a big changes that the men, in the hollywood movies would be father, the relationship that related with family. In addition to laying the outline for the male transformation of the nineties, Kindergarten Cop identifies how the issues of manhood are to be addressed and defined in the next decade.37

One of the most consistent themes of Hollywood films of the 1980s,

…, was one that pitted human values against the presumed non-values of technology and mechanization.38 Coproduced then with-the hard body is a complementary theme of anti-mechanization that reinforces the sense of the male hard body as “natural” not manufactured, and individual, not mass-produced, both qualities on which a Reagan philosophy.39 Human versus High-tech human or we can say human against the human with high

35 Ibid. p. 140. 36Ibid. p. 143. 37Ibid. p. 144. 38Ibid. p. 104. 39Ibid. p. 105. 19

technology. This theme tells about the success theme in Hollywood which use hard body as a natural body against human embodied or equipped by high technology. The purpose is simple, high-tech human wants to rule or destroy humanity. Film such as Alien (1979, Ridley Scott), … depicted not simply individual humans but humanity itself at stake in battles against mechanized corporation or computer production system that held human life as the best insignificant in relation to profits and at worst as an impediment to machine domination of the world.40

40Ibid. p. 104. 20

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDING

This thesis is focuses on main character; Dominic Torreto (Fast and

Furious 6). The main character represents all kind masculinity and shows the Reaganism that appear.

In this chapter, the author intends to explain, resolve about the main characters from this movie, introduce him, and analyze the characteristizations about him. For the first, the author starts to describe the characteristic from Dominic Torreto, exploring how the masculinity concept from Dominic, and how far Reaganism appear in this movie.

A. Characterization of Dominic Toretto

1) Protective

In this sub-chapter, the author wants to explore how the characteristic from Dominic that appear. In the movie, Dominic has multiple characteristics. If we watch and see him deep inside his heart,

Dominic is the Protective man with all of his courage. In his family and his team, it seems like Dominic is potrayal of father, for caring, protecting his family. In Torreto’s family, Dominic has one younger sister whom he love, her name is Mia Torreto. In Fast Five sequel, Brian married Mia because they already know and love each other in the first sequel. As we 21

see in the scene, Dominic shows his way to protect the family when Brian will be a father for Mia’s first child, named Jack.

Picture 1 Picture 2

Dominic : You’re going to be a great father, Brian. Brian :What makes you so sure? Dominic :Because i’ll be there to kick your ass if you ain’t. Get in there.

(00:01:47-00:01:51).

From the picture above, Dominic and Brian came to the hospital to see his first nephew. From this conversations obtained, as a leader and

“father” in family as well, the attitude that showed by Dominic into Brian reflects the attitude of a fatherhood who protects his daughter. In the dialogue, he will kick Brian’s ass if he cannot be a good father to his nephew and a good husband for Mia. After that, Brian responds the

Dominic words that he is very protective and care about his sister.

Picture 3

Picture 3 Another prove, Mia and Jack are not joined in the rescue mission.

From the picture 3, when Dominic had a small briefing in London, Mia was not joined with him. She stayed with her son Jack in a safe house far from London. Dominic doesn’t wants anything bad happen to her sister.

Disscuss about his attitudes, it indicates that he is the man with protective attitude.

Picture 4 Picture 5

Dominic :I’m going to need everything, all the info you got. Hobbs :You’ll get it when the team gets it. Dominic :No team. This is going to have to be me alone. Hobbs :It’s not that simple. The crew we’re after, they hit like thunder and dissapear like smoke.

(00:09:45-00:09:55) 23

From pictures 4 and 5, Agent L. Hobbs came to Dominic place and begged for help. Agent Hobbs needs Dom’s team, because the Hobbs’s target is Owen Shaw, a former major S.A.S for mobilty division in

England. Hobbs realize, Shaw is a serious enemy who have to be prisoned.

He wants Dominic’s team to get back in action, and especially for Hobbs’s back up. But unfortunately, Dominic said, “No team” and he doesn’t want his family to get involved in this mission. Dominic promised to all of his family, after the big project of robbery in Rio, it will be the last job and their old lifes is over. It could be a clear indication that Dominic do not want his family get involved, and protect his family from dangereous situation.

2) Great Lover

From the same evidences, the pictures 6 and 7 below indicates about the spirits, passion and love from Dominic. After a long talk with Hobbs,

Dominic agreed with Hobbs’s requests. He called all of his separated family to finish a new mission.

Picture 6 Picture 7

(00:09:45-00:09:55) Picture 6 and 7 show how Dominic’s affection to Letty, and when

Hobbs visited him, and asked for a big help. In fact, Dominic had the girl that he love named Letty. From the previous serial, Letty was the

Dominic’s girlfriend, the one he loved. Letty presumed dead by car accident caused by the one of Braga's men, the largest drug cartels in

Mexico. After he knows Letty is still alive, Dominic tried to get all info about her, and went away to London. In the case, Dominic could be a person who still loyal or a great lover to his female partner.

Picture 8 Picture 9

Brian : Letty’s dead, Dom. Dominic : I need to know for sure.

(00:15:06-00:15:08) Picture 8 and picture 9 is clear notions that Dominic’s fragility about his feelings. He wants to make sure Letty is still out there with the bad man that he never know who he is and he wants to get Letty home. 25

Picture 10 Picture 11

Dominic : Brian, take the team. Brian : What about you? Dominic : Hobbs and I will wait for Shaw. Shaw leads to Letty.

(00:21:22-00:21:27)

The Interpol prepared for the Shaw’s ambush in wrecked building.

Hobbs and Dominic’s team has arrived early, but they were not invited to the ambush mission. After Shaw came out with a strange car, he clicked a single button bombs and burried all police in second. Picture 10 and 11 could be a good evidences that indicates Dominic’s love and spirits to meet Letty. He wants to catch Shaw with Hobbs, meanwhile he realize that

Shaw leads to Letty.

3) Brave Man

Brave man, the one characteristics that could be match with

Dominic. Therefore, with the muscular body and also the strength of man;

Dominic shows the braveness in this movie through some evidence from the author. 26

From Dominic’s past, racer was an old profession for him. Dominic shows his braveness when he drives a fast car. From the evidences below, picture 12 and 13 indicates the braveness from him, drive and void flying cars near his car. From the picture 12, Dominic tried to stop Shaw by extreme ways, yet tried to hit the Shaw. He turned his BMW to the right and passed through the concrete road blocks with no fear.

Picture 12 Picture 13

Another braveness evidences when Dominic and Brian went to the pawnshop. He gave the pawn broker a bullet projectile and asked for the owner. But, suddenly he get involved to the fight, two men versus him.

From this evidence below, we can see to Dominic strength and braveness, it is so easy for him to beats two men in second.

Picture 14 Picture 15

B. Reaganism Terms

In this part, the author intend to explain further and more specific about masculinity concept that appear from Dominic, the main character in this movie. Based on theory, masculinity concept is representation of being a truly man, how far to be a real man. In Fast and Furious 6, the male characters shows to us how far this concepts applied, from gestures, the way they talking, and the act from a real man. Although, the writer is only focus to Dominic as the main character.

1) Dominic as a “Family Man”

From the first serial of Fast and Furious, Dominic had already show to us the code of fatherhood inside him. Based on the story, Dominic became the pillar of his family because of his father. Dominic’s father was died by car crash accident in the race track. From his past, Dominic replaced his father position in family. The code “Family Man” was proven when Dominic wants to get Letty home by himself. Dominic wants to ensure his family is out from danger anymore after the last job in Rio,

Brazil.

(00:09:45-00:09:55)

As the man with fatherhood, he said “No team. This is going to have to be me alone” its clear sign about Dominic’s fatherhood. In general, our 28

father is the protector of his son or daughter, with his nature, caring and protecting will be a subject from what and how father can do. Same as

Dominic doing, he tried to reject Hobbs’s request to get the team because he doesn’t want his family get involved from dangerous action anymore.

When we talk about his nature, Dominic becoming protective toward his family, and this is a strong prove to see fatherhood from him.

As a man, Dominic also had a relationship with woman called Letty.

After he knows Letty was still alived and sighted in London, Dominic tried to get back his family again.

Picture 16 Picture 17

Brian : She definitely saw it was you? Dominic : She looked dead at me, Brian. Brian : Maybe the Letty we once knew is gone, Dom. Even though she’s alive, maybe she’s gone. Dominic : You dont turn your back on family. Even when they do.

(00:31:49-00:32:03) From the dialogues above, we can sure that Dominic is truly family man, a hero in his family. Brian tried to ensure Dom that Letty they once knew is gone, but Dominic denied it. Maybe Letty had already forgot about Dom and her family, but Dominic still believe that Letty is still his 29

family, the Letty once they have known is still exist. Dominic is

demonstrating the good concept of “Family man” in this movie. In the

picture 16 and 17, he shows the affection to his family, being protective to

his sister, and a good leader to his family.

After we knowing about the “Family man” code from Dominic, we

going through to the next explanation. Dominic is not only showing the

side of gentleness like father do, yet showing about his hardness as a man.

As a street racer, Dominic show his masculinity by driving, tuning a car,

and winning the race.

Picture 18 Picture 19

Dominic has a well-built body. Picture 18 showed to us about

Dominic’s ability to built an engine car. Because of his body postures,

Dominic is able to modify car engine parts with bare hands. Besides, its

not only tuning cars, even his Dominic is able to drive his car in high

speed in picture 18. In the movie, he drove his Charger41 so fast and used

various styles and skills to win the race. With this supportives factor,

41 Dodge Charger Daytona, produced by the American car manufacturer. This series is more faster than ordinary Dodge Charger. Charger series was produced in the 1966- 1971. 70s is era of big engine, enormous horse power and fuel eater. Dodge Charger Daytona has big cubication of engine which liked by Dominic. 30

Dominic showing the masculinity concept by driving a fast car, and tuning

the engine.

2) Man and Guns

If we heard about guns, pistols, and other killing machine, we can

imagine that guns is dangerous and no body can easily use it. But in the

movie, guns is medium or symbolic for something. In this movie, Dominic

is also capable of using firearms when he played the role. In real case,

using firearms is requiring a strong force to bring a gun and fire it.

Dominic used Shotgun Remington Model 87042 while action, and his

favorite.

Picture 20 Dominic always used this type of weapon in action. Shotgun type is

also associated with the power of a real man, because of the power and the

damage is very large, this weapon very close with the masculine image of

man. The image of a masculine do not have any boundaries included when

42 Shotgun Remington model 870 is pump-action firearms that produced in America. This gun produced by firearms manufacturer Remington Arms Company, Inc. 31

he fight. This type of weapon is pretty good in close combat, and resulted a huge damages.

Picture 21

In the picture 21 Dominic used this firearms during a pursuit of

Owen Shaw in Russian cargo plane. He feels like there is no trouble when he use it, because of his strong muscle and be able to hold the weapon’s velocity in his shoulder. As the result, we can see the strong notion that the man who able to use firearms is truly manly. Its not only carry and stand with the weight, but also the techniques are required to use firearms.

Firearms is also a clear symbol of manliness for men.

Based on theory and cultural phenomenon, Reaganism in Hollywood movies could be a symbolic for depicting an image of man in the movie, also create the unique theme and plot that depicted the action of man.

Hollywood produced many iconic heroes all time, such as Rambo played by Sylvester Stallone, John McClane played by Bruce Willis. In Fast and

Furious 6, Dominic could be the object of Hard Bodies in this research. In 32

this explanation below, the author tries to reveal another prove that the

Reaganism terms is still exist in this movie; the heroic act from main character, how the hero could be aggressive when save the humanity, and determined, a hero with full of courage to the victory.

3) Heroic Action

Heroin the movies is the most important element increating a high quality action movie. The director should be sensitives when choose an actors which match with the criteria for an action figure, and for example in Die Hard movie, starring Bruce Willis as John Mc Clane. There is not only men who participate in action movie, women also plays a role as an action figure in the action movie, for example, Linda Hamilton who plays

Sarah Connor in the film Terminator 2.

Based on the theory, in Fast and Furious 6 movie, Dominic Toretto become the hero and defeats the enemy with his strength and power.

Firstly, Dominic was an ordinary man who formerly worked as an official racer, but after the death of his father, Dominic became street racer in the environment because of permanent discors in race events. He formed a team of his own wild race of his close friends and also become the head of family for his sister, Mia Torreto.

In this movie, Dominic become central to the action hero. Fast and

Furious 6 series tells Dominic and his team who had been splited over the globe after successfully robbing the biggest drug cartel in Brazil. Agent 33

Hobbs visited Dominic in his hide out in unspecific country and gave him the information that shocked him. Letticia Ortiz, a girl he love is still alived and sighted in the city of London. Letty is Dominic neighbor girl who has the same profession with him. In the previous series, Letty presumed dead in a car accident after she escaped from the drug mafia which led by Arturo Braga.

Picture 22 Heroic action starts from picture 22 when Dominic tried to get Owen

Shaw in the capital city of London. The pursuit started with two sides, from the United States government, represented by Agent L.Hobbs and

Dominic Toretto. The author found an unusual things in the narrative structures in this movie. As we know, the intelligence agency of the

United States such as the CIA, FBI, DEA, and DSS are the security agency which is big and capable of handling the hard cases. However, the author found an imbalance between the government and the ordinary citizens of the United States. In this picture above, Dominic led the chase with his

BMW while big black HUV driven by Hobbs behind him. From this notions, the author conclude that this scene portrait of heroic action value 34

or in some cases, the leadership. Leadership is related with man’s activity, lead some people or someone to the purposes.

Dominic and his team went away to Spain. Dominic tried to stop

Shaw from escape. The climax reached when Shaw hijacked a NATO’s digital tank to run away. He crashed every single car that blocked his path, and fired the deadly cannons into the crowds. Roman Pearce, Brian’s friend tried to interfere the tank, but unfortunately he trapped in the front of the tank and he cannot escaped. Suddenly, Dominic found an idea to stop Shaw; he told Roman to tied up the calibre of tank with the prepared cable in his car. Dominic plays his tricks, he tell Roman to tied up and created a car-anchor to stop the tank.

Picture 23 Picture 24

Picture 25 Picture 26

In the picture 26, we can see Dominic jumped from his car to save

Letty. This scene was a heroic, the iconic hero that shows from Dominic.

He jumped from his car to catch Letty in the other side of the road.

Picture 27

From pictures 26, another evidence in which indicates heroic actions when he tries to stop Shaw in NATO Base. It suprisingly, Shaw used a large Russia cargo plane to ran away from Dominic. From this action,

Dominic led the chase in extreme ways. He drove his car at high speed and enter through cargo door when the plane is about to take off. Dominic get involved a fight with Shaw in order to save other nations from world level crime. By using firearms and fights with bare hands, he tried to fail the

Shaw’s great escape.

Picture 28 36

From this moment, Dominic involved about two actions heroic, first is to save the city from digital attacks from Owen Shaw and saved Letty from danger. At the end, Dominic get reward from his heroic action.

Dominic is not fugitive anymore and back to home where they live happily.

4) Aggressive

Dominic is also known with an aggressive attitude in this movie.

But, in Reaganism terms, the most important, the hero must be aggressive when save the world, humanity, and the love one. Aggressive correlates with powers, and strengths to make the perfect hero in the movie.

Picture 29 Picture 30

From the same evidences, those pictures has a clear message that

Dominic was an aggressive man. He tried to get all information about

Letty in pawnshop; he smashed the opponent’s head with his own bald head, and forced the pawnshop’s owner to answer his questions. In this movie, being aggressive is the key of success, a successful gate to get all information and also win the fight. Besides, the supportive factors which 37

depicted the aggressive are the body postures. As we can see, Dominic was a man with muscular body, the doubled strength, and his braveness.

5) The Natural (Hero) Versus The Mechanized (Enemy).

Based on Reaganism terminology, the title the “good” man and the

“bad” man correlate with the hero and the enemy. In this movie, there are some evidences that related to this terms. According to the theory in chapter 2, the hero is depicted as a natural in reaganism, yet used pure strength and power of body. But for the enemy; wrapped by steel- machines or used advanced technology to conquer the world.

Picture 31 Picture 32

In Fast and Furious 6, the author found the “good” side and the

“bad” side in this movie. From pictures 31 and 32, the natural and the mechanized is very clear and understandable. Dominic used a conventional car to catch Shaw, meanwhile the enemy used a modified car with some unique features, installed by hardened steel in the front, bullet proof, and modified F-1 engine car. In this first evidences, we can see

Shaw is more prepared than Dominic, the car would be a clear sign to 38

prove it. Shaw uses this advanced-machined car to escape from the police, also he tried to destroyed the police force with this car. And for Dominic, he only used a conventional car, without modification in any sectors.

Picture 33 Another evidences that correlate with this terms, the epic fights between Dominic and Shaw started in Spain. They are involved in pursuit,

Shaw tried to escape with the destruction chip and Dominic tried to stop him. From the following picture 33, it is clear sign that hero and enemy was competed each other for the victory. In the left side, Shaw used tank with high techonology inside and the other side was Dominic behind him.

Picture 34 Picture 35

Shaw : Okay, Get the weapons hot. Give me sattelite imaging.

(01:27:43-01:27:49)

From the picture above, we can see the clear image that digitalized

technology was embodied inside the enemy. From the dialogue, he wants

to shot something with cannon, but to do this he required an image of

sattelite to navigate the target. In the tank chamber, we can see from the

picture a screen, the buttons, and the beep sound that imaging the

mechanized technology.

Firstly, the Reaganism terms start from the themes, the hero

masculinity, and the characteristics from Reaganism hero is still exist in

Fast and Furious 6 movie. From the changes of man into family man that

show from Dominic, the depicting of Reaganism hero; Heroic, and

Aggressive, and the natural body (hero) versus the mechanized body

(enemy).

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusions

Fast and Furious 6 is an serial movie which directed by Justin Lin.

The author describes and analyzes the main character and the Reaganism

terms in this movie. The author can explain and know about characteristic

from the main character, masculinity concept that embodied in the main

character, and the Reaganism based on theory.

The author finds about three main charactersfrom Dom. First, He has

the fatherhood in his family, and the result he becomes a protective man

who will protect his family especially for his sister, Mia. Second, he is the

man with his loyality toward family. Third, he is the brave man who takes

the challenges and he feels no fear when facing danger.

Same as the man in action movie, Dominic shows the masculinity

concept so well in this movie. First, he shows his masculinity as the family

man. Family man same as with the fatherhood, manliness in family, or

breadwinner for the family. Dominic shows his code family man when he

refuse Hobbs request to take his family join to the case. Dominic shows

his masculinity through cars, and he drives a super fast car that he built.

And also, the author founds the Reaganism terms that still used in

this movie. For the first, the natural heroic plot, Dominic gave all his

strength and power to defeats the enemy. And the natural hero and the

mechanized theme that appears in this movie. 41

B. Suggestions

The writer suggests the result of this research can be paid attention

by other writer or researcherwhich is interested with this movie and all

kind of aspects related to the research. Then, the other writer can explore

more about this movie or learn further about the theory that used in this

research. Therefore, the writer hopes this research gives contribution to all

student of English Letters Department who want to analyze the characters

in this movie and to know about cinematic major studies by using another

theories or method which can be useful.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Barker, Chris. The SAGE Dictionary of Cultural Studies. London: Sage Publication Ltd, 2004. Barsam, Richard. Looking at Movies Second Edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2007. Beynon, John. Masculinities and Culture. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2002. Breines, Ingeborg. Robert Connell and Ingrid Eide. Male Roles, Masculinities and Violence. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2000. Carrol, Bret. American Masculinity: A Historical Encyclopedia. United States of America: SAGE Publication, 2003. Cornwall, Andrea and Nancy Lindisfarne. Discolating Masculinity: Comparative Ethnographies. London: Routledge, 1996. Godfrey, Sarah. “Nowhere Men: Representations of Masculinity in Nineties British Cinema.” Doctoral Thesis Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of East Anglia, 2010. Jeffords, Susan. Hard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan era. (United States of America: Rutgers University Press, 1994. Mardalis, Drs. Metodologi Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Proposal. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1995. M. Boggs, Joseph and Dennis W. Petrie. The Art of Watching Films. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Pilcher, Jane and Imelda Whelehan. 50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies. London: Sage Publication, 2004

Journals: Jeffrey A. Brown. “Gender and the Action Heroine: Hardbodies and the “Point of No Return”. Cinema Journal, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Spring, 1996). Muhadjir Darwin. Maskulinitas: Posisi Laki-laki dalam Masyarakat Patriarkis”, Jurnal Online. (Yogyakarta, 1999).

Nicky Falkof. Hard bodies and sidelong looks: Spectacle and fetish in 1980s action cinema. Excursions, Vol. 1, Issue 1 (June 2010). 43

Web: Douglas Kellner, “Film, Politics, and Ideology: Reflections on Hollywood Film in the Age of Reagan.” Accesed in 2nd January 2015 from http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/

Movie: Lin, Justin. (Director). (2013). Fast and Furious 6. (Action Movie). Universal Studio: Hollywood.