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Is Poetry a War Crime? Reckoning for Radovan Karadzic the Poet- Warrior

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Is Poetry a War Crime? Reckoning for Radovan Karadzic the Poet- Warrior Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 26 Issue 2 2005 Is Poetry a War Crime? Reckoning for Radovan Karadzic the Poet- Warrior Jay Surdukowski University of Michigan Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the Evidence Commons, International Humanitarian Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Jay Surdukowski, Is Poetry a War Crime? Reckoning for Radovan Karadzic the Poet-Warrior, 26 MICH. J. INT'L L. 673 (2005). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol26/iss2/4 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT NOTE IS POETRY A WAR CRIME? RECKONING FOR RADOVAN KARADZIC THE POET-WARRIOR Jay Surdukowski* I. INTRODUCTION-THE WORLD'S DEADLIEST POETRY READING .................................................. 673 II. CURRENT EVIDENTIARY STANDARDS ....................................... 678 III. KARADZIC'S POET WARRIOR ACTIVITY ................................... 681 IV. MAKING USE OF KARADZIC'S POET-W ARRIOR ACTIVITY ........................................................ 691 V . C ONCLU SION ............................................................................ 696 A. BroaderPool of Evidence.................................................. 696 B. Accuracy of the HistoricalRecord .................................... 697 C. D eterrence Value ............................................................... 697 I. INTRODUCTION-THE WORLD'S DEADLIEST POETRY READING Karadzic is a poet of holocaust. He is a poet who places death in people's irises. -Akgun Akova, Turkish Poet' The sky is pale blue. Trees turn on whispers of breeze, showing their silver bellies in the gusts. The tall man, a poet, is reciting his work from memory to his bespeckled visitor, also a poet. The poem is about the white and ochre city they gaze at from their aerie. Wind grabs and lifts tousles of brown and silver from the top of the taller poet's great head. The shorter poet mutters agreement after each line; there is something worshipful in the intonation of his voice, the reverent gaze at his hand- some friend in the art. The poet finishes his poem and peers down at the beautiful old city through a looking glass and invites his friend to have a * The author is a JD candidate at the University of Michigan Law School, the class of 2006. BA, summa cum laude, Bates College, 2002. The author thanks his Michigan Journalof InternationalLaw editors Aaron Ostrovsky, Rabeha Shereen Kamaluddin, and Kevin Nowak, as well as Professor James Boyd White and Ugochukwu Ukpabi for their helpful comments, and Katy McDonald and Justin Rockefeller for their early encouragement of this Note. The author also extends special thanks to Collin Foulds-a friend in art and in law. 1. Akgun Akova, Speech delivered at the opening of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Poetry Days of Sarajevo, available at http://www.turkishlit.boun.edu.tr/work.asp?CharSet=English& ID=1229. Michigan Journalof InternationalLaw [Vol. 26:673 peek too. His companion glances for a long moment and blindly reaches for something. His soft fingers hug a trigger, sending shells into the thickness of an apartment building. The tall poet is indicted war criminal Radovan Karadzic. The city is Sarajevo-besieged for forty-four months by the Bosnian Serb forces 2. Radovan Karadzic was born on June 19, 1945 in the Savnik municipality of Monte- negro. Before entering politics, Karadzic was a psychiatrist and a poet. One commentator writes, "[i]f anything, Karadzic was seen as a bit of an oddball, having dabbled in everything from chicken farming to poetry in a fruitless quest for wealth and glory." ToM GJELTEN, SARA- JEVO DAILY: A CITY AND ITS NEWSPAPER UNDER SIEGE 63 (1995). Karadzic's thirst for poetic greatness was intense. He once told the chief psychiatrist at the mental health clinic where he worked that he was fated to be "one of the three most important poets writing in the Serbian language." Id. at 64. For positive assessments of Karadzic's work by his peers, see the website for the International Committee for the Truth About Radovan Karadzic at http://www.karadzic.org. Karadzic has also received prominent literary prizes in Russia and Montenegro, but commentators speculate on the politics of these awards. See, e.g., SABRINA RAMET, BALKAN BABEL: THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA FROM THE DEATH OF TITO TO THE FALL OF MILOSEvIc 214-15 (2002). Ramet writes, "[i]n bestowing these prizes on Karadzic, the prizegivers were engaging in the diplomacy of cultural symbology . I...Id. at 215. Karadzic was a founding member of the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) of Bosnia and Herzegovina which was formed on July 12, 1990. He served as party leader until his post- Dayton resignation on July 19, 1996. Karadzic became a member of the Presidency of the Republika Srpska on May 12, 1992 and was made the President of the three member presi- dency. Prosecutor v. Karadzic, ICTY Case No. IT-95-5/18, Amended Indictment, [ 1-5, available at http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/kar-aiOO0428e.htm (Karadzic Indict- ment). Karadzic and his top General Ratko Mladic were indicted by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) on July 24, 1995. PAUL R. WILLIAMS & MICHAEL P. SCHARF, PEACE WITH JUSTICE? WAR CRIMES AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA 52 (2002). Karadzic is indicted for eleven counts: genocide, complicity in genocide, extermination, murder, willful killing, persecution, deportation, other inhumane acts (forcible transfer), and taking of hostages. These crimes all fall under the um- brella terms of genocide, crimes against humanity, violations of the laws or customs of war, and grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Karadzic Indictment, supra. Perhaps Karadzic's most infamous crime during the wars is the massacre at Srebrenica committed under the noses of Dutch United Nations troops. Approximately 7,000 people, mostly men, were slaughtered despite the "safe area" designation. CAROLE ROGEL, THE BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA AND ITS AFrERMATH 36 (2004). It was the largest massacre Europe had seen since the Holocaust. General Mladic was filmed comforting the herded Muslims before their slaughter: "All who wish to go will be transported, large and small, young and old. Do not be afraid, just take it easy. Let the women and children go first. Thirty buses will come and take you in the direction of Kladanj. Nobody will harm you." It was a cruel lie. The climax of this vast killing was in Bratunac on July 16, 1995. Roger Cohen records the recollections of a twenty-three year old member of the Bosnian Serb army, Drazen Erdemovic. His unit had "dispatched more than fifteen busloads of Muslims:" [He] has provided a detailed account of this particular massacre: how the cowed Muslims, their hands bound behind their backs, were brought from buses and lined up about ten yards from the executioners; how Kalashnikov rifles and an M-84 ma- chine gun were used to shoot them; how some Muslims screamed and pleaded and some were silent and some railed at their killers to the last; how, true to form, the Serb executioners cursed the victims' "Turk" mothers and joked about sparing those who had enough German marks (but the Muslims' valuables had already been taken); how the field steadily filled with corpses; how a pistol shot to the head dis- Winter 20051 Is Poetry a War Crime? during the second war in the Former Yugoslavia, the breakup of Bosnia and Herzegovina.3 12,000 died below the "wild woods" of the Sarajevo hills during this campaign conducted in "Montenegrin mountaineer fash- ion."4 People were shot every single day during the vicious and horrifying siege.5 Through such unrelenting violence Karadzic sought to make the city Serbian, or at least a walled city like Berlin.6 1,600 of the victims were children.7 Water, gas, and electricity were severed. Cultural icons and symbols of Yugoslav unity were razed, such as the National Library which was destroyed, its books incinerated.8 Civilians were picked off one by one as they sought water and other bare living essen- tials-civilians who were mere months before living peacefully side-by- side 9 whether Serbian, Muslim, or Croat.' Bullets and mortars also struck civilians hiding in their homes." Children were cut down even as patched those in agony from the first volley of fire; how the bus drivers themselves were made to shoot somebody so that everyone present was implicated; how the unit, having killed perhaps one thousand Muslims, later got drunk. ROGER COHEN, HEARTS GROWN BRUTAL: SAGAS OF SARAJEVO 422-27 (1998). 3. Karadzic had for years called Sarajevo home, arriving in the city at the age of fif- teen "lured into the Bosnian capital by Tito's urbanisation programme." ED VULLIAMY, SEASONS IN HELL: UNDERSTANDING BOSNIA'S WAR 48 (1994). He attended medical school as well as practiced psychiatry there at the state hospital. DAVID OWEN, BALKAN ODYSSEY 186 (1995). Before Karadzic set up his capitol at the ski resort of Pale, his headquarters had been in the Sarajevo Holiday Inn, a yellow building which housed many a winter Olympian in 1984 and which was across the street from the Bosnia Parliament building. GJELTEN, supra note 2, at 1-2. 4. ROGEL, supra note 2, at 114-15. 5. Bill Schiller, War crimes facts pile up on Karadzic: Court hears of Bosnian Serb's devious past, TORONTO STAR, July 2, 1996, at A2. 6. Rogel, supra note 2, at 115. 7. Kevin Sim, Frontline: The World's Most Wanted Man (PBS television broadcast, May 26, 1998).
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