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PDF Viewing Archiving 300 Bull. Soc. belge Géologie V. 84 fasc. pp. 11-17 Bruxelles 1975 Bull. Belg. Ver. Geologie T. 84 deel blz. 11-17 Brussel 197 5 PALYNOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BASAL GONDWANA IN INDIA by R.S. TIWARI (*) ABSTRACT. - Talchir Formation represents the basal Gondwana deposits and commences with the glacial environment. The playnofloras show, in general, the overwhelming dominance of the girdling (radial) monosaccate miospore genera. In the present work, the relative position of each mioflora has been determined, and on the basis of variation analysis, dominance trends as well as the qualitative considerations of the spore-pollen-complex, three zones have been suggested to be existing in the Talchirs. 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and variegated and break up in a pattern of needles hence named « needle shales ». The I take this opportunity to express my best age of the Talchirs has been variably assessed wishes and compliments to Professor Ir. W. in the past te be the Upper Carboniferous, v AN LECKWIJCK, in whose honour this special Permo/Carboniferous or the Lower Permian. meeting has been organized. I also thank to The present knowledge of the Talchir paly­ the Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie nology provides information that the basic et d'Hydrologie for extending an invitation for nature of the miofloras in boulder beds as contribution in this meeting. well as in the shales, closely resemble with each other by virtue of the dominance of the monosaccate genera. However, little is known 2. INTRODUCTION about the inter-relationships of these varying assemblages and their relative position in suc­ The Talchirs form the basal depositions of cession. In the present work, therefore, the the Gondwana System and consist of boulder­ stratigraphie position of various miospore bed at the base, overlain by the khaki green genera has been evaluated, and the trends of needle shales and the coarse grained stand­ stones. These successions are typified by the quantitative dominance as well as qualitative occurrence have been determined. All the characteristic deposition at the Talchir Coal­ known miospore assemblages have been re­ field, Orissa. These boulder beds, represent­ ing the glacial of fluvo-glacial tillite, occur, assessed from this view point. In conclusion, four palynological zones have been identified many a time, in repetition up to four or even in the Talchir formation and theid lateral more in number. The peninsular boulder beds relationships have been established. have their equivalents in the extra-peninsular region also. The Talchir boulder beds, in gen­ eral, are constituted by a mixture of boulders, 3. THE TALCHIR PALYNO-COMPLEXES pebbles and rock pieces embedded in clay. They are rounded, consisting of gneiss, granite, On the basis of the palaeontological, litho­ quartzite, shale, etc. The younger boulder logical and palaeobotanical evidences the age beds, which are found above the needle shale of the Basal Gondwana has been assigned to band, contain the khaki shale specks in the the Carboniferous by some workers (OLDHAM, matrix as the evidence of reworking. The 1893; COTIER, 1917; Fox, 1931, ROLLAND, Talchir shales are greenish-brown, thin bedded 1933) while to Permian by others (MEDLICOTT & BLANFORD, 1879; VREDENBURG, 1910; REED, & (*) Birbal Sahni lnstitute of Palaeobotany, 1928; AHMAD AHMAD, 1962; SASTRY & SHAH, Lucknow, India. 1964). 11 The palynological studies of the Talchir Illinites (Kos.) PoT. & KR., 1954. Stage started with the works of VIRKKI (1919, Platysaccus POT. & KL., 1954. 1946). After a decade and a half, PoTONIE & Vesicaspora (SCHEM.) WILSON & VENK, 1963. LELE (1961) described a comprehensive account Cuneatisporites LESCH., 1955. of miospore assemblage from the Talchir beds Scheuringipollenites TIWARI, 1973 =Sulcatispo- of South Rewa Gondwana basin. From this rites (LESCH.), BH., 1962. date till now, many important contributions by Striatopodocarpites (SOR. & SED.) BHARAD, LELE (1964, 1965, 1966), LELE & KARIM (1969, 1962. 1971), LELE & MAKADA (1972), LELE & Faunipollenites BHARAD., 1962. CHANDRA (1972, 1973) BHARADWAJ & ANAND­ Lunatisporites (LESCH.), BH., 1962. PRAKASH (1972), BHARADWAJ & SRIVASTAVA Striatites (P ANT) BHARAD., 1962. (1973) and SRIVASTAVA (1973), have increased Circumstriatites LELE & MAKADA, 1972. the relevant data concerning the Talchir Rhizomaspora WILS., 1962. palynology. Ginkgocycadophytus SAMOIL., 1953. Qualitatively there are about 46 miospore Pilasporites (BALME & HENN.) Tiw. & NAv., genera reported from the Talchir Stage. How­ 1967. ever, only the monosaccates are more in kind Quadrisporites HENN., 1958 emend. PoT. & as well as in number, and the general diversi­ LELE, 1961. fication in quality increased in the younger sediments, that means the older miofloras are 4. PALYNOLOGY OF THE TALCHIRS simple and constituted by a lesser number of Following is the summary of varions quan­ genera, the monosaccates being the most titative data pertaining to the palynology of important. The following list is given to the Talchirs. The quantitative results have record the presence of these genera in the been given more reliance than the exclusively Talchir sediments : qualitative records, because of the obvions Leiotriletes (NAUM.) POT. & KR., 1954. reasons of relative dominance; however, the Callumispora BH. & SRIV., 1969, =Punctati- qualitative data has also been considered for sporites (IBR.) PoT. & KR., 1954. comparisons. Plicatisporis LELE & MAKADA, 1972. Hennellysporites TiwARI, 1968. 4.1 Mohpani Coalfield : Granulatisporites (IBR.) PoT. & KR., 1954. BHARADWAJ & ANAND-PRAKASH (1972). Lacinitriletes VENK. & KAR, 1965. Cyclogranisporites PoT. & KR., 1954. II Coal bearing beds : Cyclobaculispories (BHARD.) BHARAD., 1966. Scheuringipollenites, Indotriradites, Verrucosisporites (IBR.) PoT. & KR., 1954. Brevitriletes, Parasacites. Lophotriletes (NAUM.) PoT. & KR., 1954. Acanthotriletes (NAUM.) PoT. & KR., 1954. 1 Slightly carbonaceous Talchir needle Horriditriletes BH. & SAL., 1964. shale: Brevitriletes BH. & SRIV., 1969. Parasaccites, Virkkipollenites, Plicati­ Microfoveolatispora BH., 1962. pollenites, Callumispora, Scheuringi­ layantisorites LELE & MAKADA, 1972. pollenites. Virkkipollenites LELE, 1964. 4.2 Korba Coalfield : Plicatipollenites LELE, 1964. Rugasaccites LELE & MAITHY, 1969. BHARADWAJ & SRIVASTAVA (1973): Bore­ Parasaccites BHARAD. & TIWARI., 1964. hole NCKB-19. Tuberisaccites LELE & MAKADA, 1972. Caheniasaccites BosE & KAR, 1966. b) Carbonaceous layers: Divarisaccus VENK. & KAR, 1966. Callumispora, Parasaccites, Plicatipol­ Crucisaccites LELE & MAITHY, 1964. lenites (Brevitriletes, Lophotriletes, Stellapollenites LELE, 1965. Horriditriletes rare but significant by Vestigisporites BALME & HENN., 1955. their appearance; disaccate sporadic). Potonieisporites (BHARAD.) BHARAD., 1964. Zone 1. Rimospora LELE & MAITHY, 1969. Parastriopollenites MAHESHW., 1967. a) Pebbly bed : Valiassaccites BosE & KAR, 1966. Parasaccites, Plicatipollenites, Callumi­ Limitisporites LESCH., 1956. spora, Potonieisporites, Caheniasaccites Labiisporites (LESCH.), KL., 1963. (disaccate sporadic, Pteridophytic Gigantosporites KL., 1963. spores absent). 12 SRISTAVA (1973) : Dhengur nala. Talchir Below the lst Boulder Bed: shales. Parasaccites, Plicatipollenites, Tuberi­ Parasaccites, Callumispora, Plicatipol­ saccites, Jayantisporites (apiculates, va­ lenites, Jayantisporites (Brevitriletes, irrtiletes and Callumispora - rare). Horriditriletes, Microbaculispora rare but significant by their appear­ The following palynofloras are only qua­ ance ). litatively known : 4.3 Johilla Coalfield: 4.7 West Bokaro Coalfield: PoTONIÉ & LELE (1961): Gray shales LELE (1966) : Dudhi River; Siltstone just from Goraia : above the boulder bed : Parasaccites, Plicatipollenites, Fauni­ Plicatipollenites, Virkkipollenites, Pa­ pollenites, Quadrisporites, Ginkgocyca­ rasaccites - significant; Potonieispo­ dophytus, Potonieisporites (apiculates rites, apiculates and non striated disac­ rare). cate - rare; ? Alete - dominant. LELE & CHANDRA (1973): Greenish Needle 4.8 Giridih Coalfield : shale: Plicatipollenites ( + Rugasaccites), Poto­ LELE (1966) Sukhnid river: Needle shale nieisporites, Rimospora, Parasaccites; above the boulder bed : Striatites, Stellapollenites, Punctatispo­ Plicatipollenites, Virkkipollenites rites (no apiculates). dominant; Quadrisporites, Punctatispo­ rites, apiculates, Potonieisporites, Gink­ Boulder bed : gocycadophytus - rare (striated disac­ Plicatipol/enites ( + Rugasaccites), Poto­ cate - very rare). nieisporites, Rimospora, Parasaccites, Punctatisporites (no apiculates). 4.9 Salt Range (Pakistan) : 4.4 Umaria Coalfield (Marine transgression) : VIRKKI (1946) : 20-25 ft. above the Boulder bed: LELE & CHANDRA (1972): Hard calcareous band (containing rich fauna and plant II Plicatipol/enites, Virkkipollenites, Para­ microfossils) : saccites, striated and non striated Acritarchs + Parasaccites, Caheniasac­ significant; Crucisaccites - rare. cites. 4 112 feet above the Boulder bed : P/icatipollenites, Parasaccites, Virkki­ 4.5 Manendragarh (Marine transgression) : pollenites, rare disaccates. LELE & CHANDRA (1972) : Hasia nala 1 1/2 feet above the Boulder bed : (black shale, poor in spores, rich in Plicatipol/enites; rare disaccates, striat­ animal fossils) : ed and non striated. Plicatipollenites, Parasaccites, Poto­ nieisporites, Punctatisporites, Cahenia­ VENKATACHALA & KAR (1968) : saccites, Pachysaccus, Faunipollenites 25 feet above the Talchir Boulder ber : (no apiculates; few acritarchs). Camptotriletes,
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