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Oakeley Slate - 1 - OAKELEY SLATE The History of The Oakeley Slate Quarries Blaenau Ffestiniog PART TWO 1889 – 1920 From Amalgamation to the Great War Graham Isherwood - 2 - The History of The Oakeley Slate Quarries Blaenau Ffestiniog PART TWO 1889 – 1920 From Amalgamation to the Great War To be continued in:- PART THREE 1920-1968 From Peace to War and Back again Continued from:- PART ONE 1800-1889 From Beginnings to the Great Fall - 3 - 19. THE ROBERTS YEARS I 1889-1904 With the ending at last of the protracted arbitration hearing, the Oakeley Quarries prepared for the long delayed unification or amalgamation. The organisation of the whole Rhiwbryfdir site was radically altered, the separate operations of the Middle and Upper Quarries were merged under the overall management of Robert Roberts, thereafter there would only be sub-managers at the old Upper Quarry offices. Despite this official merger, the divisions between the quarries both in terms of practice and labour remained marked throughout the rest of the quarries life. It was at this time that the overall numbering scheme of the quarries was also altered to bring the nomenclature of the floors into a unified whole, with a notional base at floor 1 of the Middle Quarry. There were a few problems in implementing this, one being the area between the Middle & Upper Quarries where there were several floors in close proximity. In the event the old Upper Quarry floor designations in the Back Vein of A and B were retained, but the floors abandoned. The Upper Quarry floor 1, re-numbered 5u was only just above floor 4 Middle Quarry, while floor 5 Middle Quarry was only just above that. In the event, floor 5 Middle Quarry did not have any underground workings, while floor 5u's were merged with those of floor 4 and worked from that horizon. At a later date floor 5u was continued at its original level in the New Vein, but as there were no floor 4 workings in that area, no confusion arose. Though A.M.Dunlop was the Managing Director of the whole enterprise, and for much of the time resident at Bryn Mawr, just below Plas Tan y Bwlch, it was Robert Roberts who was the man on the spot and who had his finger both on the pulse of the quarry and also in just about everything else that was going on. By his actions and words at the Arbitration, he had stoutly defended both his company and his master against the W.S.Co.'s insinuations and had demonstrated his faith and knowledge in the rock and his men. Indeed, for the next 17 years or so, virtually he was the Oakeley Quarries in Blaenau - these were the Roberts years ! Many problems faced the enlarged Oakeley Slate Quarries Company Limited when it took over the Welsh Slate Company's workings, the greatest of course, being the Great Fall itself, but there was also the problem of men and machinery. The Welsh Slate Company's transfer of interest to Cwmorthin, as the "New Welsh Slate Company" was to provide some little headache for Robert Roberts, apart from the continual worry of the Cwmorthin workings affecting those of Oakeley. There had already been litigation over the underground and surface boundaries and W.E.Oakeley had already been granted three Cwmorthin chambers as compensation for "trespass" by the Cwmorthin Co. In addition, the Cwmorthin Back Vein workings had collapsed at around the same time as the Welsh Slate Company's Old Vein, causing an increased strain to be brought to bear in the strata to the west. Robert Owen seems to have attempted to bribe or otherwise attract his old workforce over the mountain to work at Cwmorthin. Roberts had no time for Owen, he had already had his brushes with Owen over the Middle Quarry Back Vein, and when he saw the state of the Welsh Slate Co. workings, mills and machinery, he was disgusted. He was appalled to find the K Incline, the "K Trwnc", without any form of railings, the mill machinery was uncovered and suffering from many years lack of maintenance, statutory notices regarding the Factories and Mines Acts were not displayed, the pumping machinery was, he felt, worn out and ancient to boot, and in any case clearly not up to the task it had to do now that so much of the water was finding its way into the workings. Many wagons were in urgent need of repair or replacement, the Office was in total disarray and the house that Owen had occupied so annoyed Roberts that he ordered it to be completely cleared out, cleaned and re-painted, while Owen himself was to be banned forever from stepping onto Oakeley territory ! The very name of the Welsh Slate Company was exorcised, explicit letters being sent to the Station Masters and Goods Agents of the various railways - L.&.N.W.R., G.W.R. and, of course, the F.R. - informing them that henceforward, the site was to be referred to as "The Lower Quarry of the Oakeley Slate Quarries Company, Limited." The firm of Dewintons, still engaged in the maintenance and repair of the upper two quarries was called in as consultant on the Lower Quarry problem. Only the C incline seems to have been considered satisfactory, the others all requiring attention in various ways. The first major problem to be tackled was obviously the Great Fall. This was being handled satisfactorily by the existing incline arrangements, as the Welsh Slate Co. had proved, but nevertheless, the removal of the dead rock took up valuable haulage time and the traffic got in the way of the profit earning traffic from the workings proper. As ever, the problem was one of tipping space, both C Bank and Bonc Siafft had restricted sites available, and the mining waste had to be tipped as well. Little could be sent via Lefel Galed to Penybont, the space available there was possibly the most restricted of all, and that which was left was required for the waste from the DE Penybont mills. The only solution here was found to be to tip southwards along the eastern bank of the Barlwyd, along the "foothills" so to speak, of the Middle Quarry main tip from the high level bridge. This was achieved without disturbing the Middle Quarry Inclines by the simple expedient of constructing a short slabbed tunnel beneath the lower of the two inclines. It was this tip which effectively buried the hamlet of Rhiwbryfdir at last, only Ivy Cottage, sometime renamed Rhiwbryfdir House after the original was buried, survived into the present century. - 4 - Oakeley Slate -19. The Roberts Years I - 1889 -1904 The only virgin clear area available for tipping of any extent was that on the slopes of Iwerddon to the north of the bon and Bonc Siafft. This was the area which had figured largely in the various estimates of cost to clear the Great Fall, including Jones "multiplying inclines." The scheme had been mooted earlier than that even, by the Welsh Slate Co. but had not been allowed to proceed. Now there was no problem. A new steam worked incline was constructed from Bonc Siafft to a position about 130 feet higher up the mountain, roughly opposite the west end of the Bonc Siafft mill. This route crossed a hollow in the hillside and so the lower part of the incline was constructed on a built up slab embankment. The " Mountain Incline" or the Ffridd Incline, as it was better known, could take the waste from Bonc Siafft and from the mine, as well as providing a means to untop the North Vein at the top of the Bon and dispose of the waste produced by that ! It was hoped by this means to relieve some of the pressure on the stubs of the walls, and the bon itself, which was proving difficult to keep up. The incline took a year to build and equip and was described as "....it answered well to its task." The untopping was started by a tunnel through the rock outcrop immediately to the west of the Bonc Siafft mill, the track making an end on junction with the mill access tracks at the foot of the new incline. This "untopping cutting" was soon being driven west and sideways into the top of the bon, forming a gallery. Shortly after a second cutting was begun at a higher level. The incline had two tracks initially, the drums being driven through gearing in the conventional manner from a horizontal engine. Two Cornish boilers supplied the steam, their flues turning into a tubular iron chimney on a brick base, the chimney being stayed by guy wires. In front of the combined engine and boiler house was a walled coal yard reached by a track which curved forward from the crimp of the incline through a gateway. The incline was "driven" in the usual manner from a "stage" in front of the drums and over the tracks. The arrangement was altered in 1896 to accommodated a third track. This was completed by February 1897, the intention being to relieve some of the congestion caused by the mixing of loads of waste from the Bonc Siafft Mill, waste from the untopping cutting immediately to the west of the mill and also from the second cutting slightly higher up. At some stage an additional boiler, somewhat smaller than the first was added in a lean-to on the eastern side. The creation of the Ffridd tip did pose one problem in that it threatened the water course from Llyn Ffridd y Bwlch to Bonc Siafft.
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