DOCSLIB.ORG

The Relationship Between Oral Malodour

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Relationship Between Oral Malodour THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL MALODOUR AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS: ROLE OF VOLATILE SULFUR COMPOUNDS Abish Samuel Stephen Research Centre for Diagnostic and Oral Sciences School of Dentistry Queen Mary University of London This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 We are in much the same position as an observer trying to gain an idea of the life of a household by careful scrutiny of the persons and material arriving or leaving the house; we keep accurate records of the foods and commodities left at the door and patiently examine the contents of the dust- bin and endeavour to deduce from such data the events occurring within the closed doors. -Marjory Stephenson (Bacterial Metabolism, 1930) i DECLARATION I, Abish Samuel Stephen, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: Details of collaboration: ii SUMMARY Oral malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol are positively associated with plaque-induced periodontal diseases. It is well known that these Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSCs) are produced by the oral microbiota during proteolysis, and the specific association of methanethiol in the breath with periodontal diseases was investigated in a clinical study described in this thesis. The association between breath methanethiol and clinical parameters of disease, abundance and prevalence of putative peridontopathic bacteria in periodontal niches were confirmed. A gas chromatographic method was developed to measure subgingival VSCs and associations with clinical parameters, microbial abundance in a range of oral niches and inflammatory markers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were found. Breath methanethiol was also found to be more closely associated with a range of disease associated inflammatory markers in GCF. Tongue biofilm, subgingival and interdental plaque samples were analysed by Human Oral Microbiome Identification by Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) methodology. Microbial diversity in the tongue was positively associated with breath VSCs in health, but subgingival and interdental niche diversity was more strongly associated with breath VSCs in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Tongue ecology in the disease associated cohorts was markedly different compared to health, especially with the increase in abundance and prevalence of putative VSC producing species. The ecology of VSC producing bacteria is described for the niches studied, finding that the methanethiol producing species are almost exclusively periodontopathic, with more dynamic population differences in these group of organisms observed from health to disease. The VSC producing potential in the periodontal niches was also found to be more dynamic compared to the tongue. The role of methanethiol production by the keystone species, P. gingivalis was investigated using a 10-species biofilm co-culture model by substituting a methionine gamma lyase (mgl) deficient strain for the wild type and marked changes in the overall biofilm composition was observed in terms of community evenness and biomass. The wild type biofilm displayed a more insidious phenotype whereas the higher biomass mutant biofilm exhibited an overtly pathogenic phenotype. P. gingivalis mgl is proposed as a potential keystone virulence factor. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I’m so glad to have seen the other end of this project and I count myself as lucky to have been part of it. Firstly, I would like to thank my academic supervisor Prof. Robert Allaker. Thanks for the freedom, encouragement and thanks for looking out for me. Without your support and assurance it would have been an impossibly uphill task given that I came fresh to this subject and didn’t know a whole lot about a lot of the things I got involved with, in this project. I would say your professional and personal guidance throughout the duration of the project has made me all round, a better person and scientist. I would also like to thank two great people who have been a source of wisdom and inspiration throughout this project. Dr. David Bradshaw and Dr. Gary Burnett: you guys have been great sport during the project meetings, and I learned a lot from you two, especially the confidence to do things I could only dream of attempting. Thanks for that impetus. I would like to thank my colleagues at QMUL: Cecilia for helping me get up to speed on a lot of things at the start of the project, Joe for being such a star in every way, Kaveh for being a good friend and looking out for me, and of course Dr. David Gillam for being an absolute rock from the clinical side. I would like to thank the very special dentists I worked with who helped collect the clinical samples, Narinder, Vam and Bryar, your help is much appreciated. I would also like to thank all the folk at CDOS who I don’t have the space to name individually for making the whole experience of this project memorable. I had a lot of great experiences during this project, and one was driving from Glasgow to Inverness in my 944 via the stunning A82 and I would like to thank Prof. Gordon Ramage for helping to make that happen. I will never forget that journey. Thanks also to the crew at Glasgow Dental School for being so warm and accommodating—Leighann, Emma, Chris, David and namma ooru Ranjith. A special mention to GSK who have made a positive impact in the project development by helping establish the collaboration with Glasgow and also in doing some extra sample analyses that have inspired me and helped me to gain a real appreciation of my subject. I would like to thank my parents, sister, uncle and aunt for accommodating me during my studies and for being sources of great strength during tough times. Finally, thanks to my loving wife Chrisma, for putting up with me constantly writing and completely ignoring everything else and for looking out for my general wellbeing. iv CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES ...................................................... 1 1.1.1 Initial lesion ..................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Early Lesion ..................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Established Lesion ........................................................................................... 3 1.1.4 Advanced Lesion .............................................................................................. 4 1.2 MICROBIAL ROLE IN PERIODONTITIS ........................................................................ 5 1.2.1 Microbial models of plaque-induced chronic periodontitis ............................. 6 1.3 ROLE OF THE HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PERIODONTITIS ...................................... 10 1.3.1 The TH1-TH2-TH17 Paradigm ......................................................................... 12 1.4 VOLATILE SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE .................................... 17 1.4.1 VSCs in the periodontal pocket ...................................................................... 18 1.4.2 VSCs and microbial ecology .......................................................................... 19 1.4.3 Effect of VSCs on host response ..................................................................... 20 1.5 PROJECT AIMS ........................................................................................................ 22 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................. 23 2.1 STUDY DESIGN AND CLINICAL PROTOCOL ............................................................... 23 2.1.1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria. .................................................................... 23 2.1.2 Clinical protocol ............................................................................................ 25 2.1.3 Clinical sample collection methods ............................................................... 27 2.2 LABORATORY PROTOCOLS FOR CLINICAL SAMPLES ................................................ 31 2.2.1 Quantitative PCR analysis ............................................................................. 31 2.2.2 Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing ...... 35 2.2.3 Multiplexed Fluorimetric Immunoassay ........................................................ 37 2.2.4 Gas chromatographic headspace analysis .................................................... 38 v 2.3 BIOFILM COCULTURE MODEL
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecology and Evolution of Metabolic Cross-Feeding Interactions in Bacteria† Cite This: Nat
    Natural Product Reports View Article Online REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Ecology and evolution of metabolic cross-feeding interactions in bacteria† Cite this: Nat. Prod. Rep.,2018,35,455 Glen D'Souza, ab Shraddha Shitut, ce Daniel Preussger,c Ghada Yousif,cde Silvio Waschina f and Christian Kost *ce Literature covered: early 2000s to late 2017 Bacteria frequently exchange metabolites with other micro- and macro-organisms. In these often obligate cross-feeding interactions, primary metabolites such as vitamins, amino acids, nucleotides, or growth factors are exchanged. The widespread distribution of this type of metabolic interactions, however, is at odds with evolutionary theory: why should an organism invest costly resources to benefit other individuals rather than using these metabolites to maximize its own fitness? Recent empirical work has fi fi Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. shown that bacterial genotypes can signi cantly bene t from trading metabolites with other bacteria relative to cells not engaging in such interactions. Here, we will provide a comprehensive overview over the ecological factors and evolutionary mechanisms that have been identified to explain the evolution Received 25th January 2018 and maintenance of metabolic mutualisms among microorganisms. Furthermore, we will highlight DOI: 10.1039/c8np00009c general principles that underlie the adaptive evolution of interconnected microbial metabolic networks rsc.li/npr as well as the evolutionary consequences that result for cells living in such communities. 1 Introduction 2.5 Mechanisms of metabolite transfer This article is licensed under a 2 Metabolic cross-feeding interactions 2.5.1 Contact-independent mechanisms 2.1 Historical account 2.5.1.1 Passive diffusion 2.2 Classication of cross-feeding interactions 2.5.1.2 Active transport 2.2.1 Unidirectional by-product cross-feeding 2.5.1.3 Vesicle-mediated transport Open Access Article.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycoplasma Orale “Types” 2 and 3, Respectively E
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY Vol. 24, No. 2 April 1974, p. 252-255 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 0 1974 International Association of Microbiological Societies Proposal of Mycoplasma buccale nom. nov. and Mycoplasmafaucium nom. nov. for Mycoplasma orale “Types” 2 and 3, Respectively E. A. FREUNDT, D. TAYLOR-ROBINSON, R. H. PURCELL, R. M. CHANOCK, and F. T. BLACK Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, England; and Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Following recommendations made by the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mycoplasrnatales of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, it is proposed that Mycoplasma orale 2 and Mycoplasrna orale 3 be recognized as two separate species, Mycoplasrna buccale nom. nov. (type strain: CH20247; ATCC 23636) and Mycoplasrna fauciurn nom. nov. (type strain: DC-333; ATCC 25293), respectively. The general properties and distinctive characteristics of the newly named species are summarized. At present, three “types” of Mycoplasrna (22) be recognized as a species under the new orale are recognized: M. orale 1 Taylor- name Mycoplasrna buccale (L. adj. buccalis Robinson et al. 1964 (21), M. orale 2 Taylor- buccal), and (ii) Mycoplasrna orale 3 Fox et al. Robinson et al. 1965 (22), and M. orale 3 Fox 1969 (7) be recognized as a species under the et al. 1969 (7). However, the authors who new name Mycoplasma fauciurn (L. noun described the latter two “types” or “serotypes” fauces the throat; L. gen. pl. noun fauciurn of did, in fact, regard them as distinct new species throats).
    [Show full text]
  • Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Terminal Organelle
    MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE TERMINAL ORGANELLE DEVELOPMENT AND GLIDING MOTILITY by BENJAMIN MICHAEL HASSELBRING (Under the Direction of Duncan Charles Krause) ABSTRACT With a minimal genome containing less than 700 open reading frames and a cell volume < 10% of that of model prokaryotes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is considered among the smallest and simplest organisms capable of self-replication. And yet, this unique wall-less bacterium exhibits a remarkable level of cellular complexity with a dynamic cytoskeleton and a morphological asymmetry highlighted by a polar, membrane-bound terminal organelle containing an elaborate macromolecular core. The M. pneumoniae terminal organelle functions in distinct, and seemingly disparate cellular processes that include cytadherence, cell division, and presumably gliding motility, as individual cells translocate over surfaces with the cell pole harboring the structure engaged as the leading end. While recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the knowledge of protein interactions required for core stability and adhesin trafficking, the mechanism of M. pneumoniae gliding has not been defined nor have interdependencies between the various terminal organelle functions been assessed. The studies presented in the current volume describe the first genetic and molecular investigations into the location, components, architecture, and regulation of the M. pneumoniae gliding machinery. The data indicate that cytadherence and gliding motility are separable properties, and identify a subset of M. pneumoniae proteins contributing directly to the latter process. Characterizations of novel gliding-deficient mutants confirm that the terminal organelle contains the molecular gliding machinery, revealing that with the loss of a single terminal organelle cytoskeletal element, protein P41, terminal organelles detach from the cell body but retain gliding function.
    [Show full text]
  • Quorum Sensing Modulates the Epibiotic-Parasitic Relationship
    fmicb-09-02049 September 24, 2018 Time: 16:12 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 24 September 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02049 Quorum Sensing Modulates the Epibiotic-Parasitic Relationship Between Actinomyces odontolyticus and Its Saccharibacteria epibiont, a Nanosynbacter lyticus Strain, TM7x Joseph K. Bedree1,2, Batbileg Bor2, Lujia Cen2, Anna Edlund3, Renate Lux4, Jeffrey S. McLean5, Wenyuan Shi2* and Xuesong He2* 1 Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2 Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States, 3 Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States, 4 Section of Periodontics, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 5 Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Edited by: The ultra-small, obligate parasitic epibiont, TM7x, the first and only current member of Sebastian Fraune, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, the long-elusive Saccharibacteria (formerly the TM7 phylum) phylum to be cultivated, Germany was isolated in co-culture with its bacterial host, Actinomyces odontolyticus subspecies Reviewed by: actinosynbacter, XH001. Initial phenotypic characterization of the TM7x-associated Jürgen Tomasch, XH001 co-culture revealed enhanced biofilm formation in the presence of TM7x Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HZ), Germany compared to XH001 as monoculture. Genomic analysis and previously published Tim Miyashiro, transcriptomic profiling of XH001 also revealed the presence of a putative AI-2 quorum Pennsylvania State University, United States sensing (QS) operon, which was highly upregulated upon association of TM7x with *Correspondence: XH001.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic and Physiological Characterization of the Epibiotic Interaction Between Tm7x and Its Basibiont Actinomyces
    HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptMicrob Author ManuscriptEcol. Author manuscript; Author Manuscript available in PMC 2017 January 01. Published in final edited form as: Microb Ecol. 2016 January ; 71(1): 243–255. doi:10.1007/s00248-015-0711-7. Phenotypic and physiological characterization of the epibiotic interaction between TM7x and its basibiont Actinomyces Batbileg Bor1, Nicole Poweleit2, Justin S. Bois3, Lujia Cen1, Joseph K. Bedree1, Z. Hong Zhou2,4, Robert P. Gunsalus2, Renate Lux1, Jeffrey S. McLean5, Xuesong He1,*, and Wenyuan Shi1,* 1Section of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 3Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125 4California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 5Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Abstract Despite many examples of obligate epibiotic symbiosis (one organism living on the surface of another) in nature, such an interaction has rarely been observed between two bacteria. Here, we further characterize a newly reported interaction between a human oral obligate parasitic bacterium TM7x (cultivated member of Candidatus Saccharimonas formerly Candidate Phylum TM7), and its basibiont Actinomyces odontolyticus species (XH001), providing a model system to study epiparasitic symbiosis in the domain Bacteria. Detailed microscopic studies indicate that both partners display extensive morphological changes during symbiotic growth. XH001 cells manifested as short rods in monoculture, but displayed elongated and hyphal morphology when physically associated with TM7x. Interestingly, these dramatic morphological changes in XH001 were also induced in oxygen-depleted conditions, even in the absence of TM7x.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Network Percolation Quantifies Biosynthetic Capabilities
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Metabolic network percolation quantifies biosynthetic capabilities across the human oral microbiome David B Bernstein1,2, Floyd E Dewhirst3,4, Daniel Segre` 1,2,5,6,7* 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States; 2Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, United States; 3The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, United States; 4Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States; 5Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, United States; 6Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, United States; 7Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, United States Abstract The biosynthetic capabilities of microbes underlie their growth and interactions, playing a prominent role in microbial community structure. For large, diverse microbial communities, prediction of these capabilities is limited by uncertainty about metabolic functions and environmental conditions. To address this challenge, we propose a probabilistic method, inspired by percolation theory, to computationally quantify how robustly a genome-derived metabolic network produces a given set of metabolites under an ensemble of variable environments. We used this method to compile an atlas of predicted biosynthetic capabilities for 97 metabolites across 456 human oral microbes. This atlas captures taxonomically-related trends in biomass composition, and makes it possible to estimate inter-microbial metabolic distances that correlate with microbial co-occurrences. We also found a distinct cluster of fastidious/uncultivated taxa, including several Saccharibacteria (TM7) species, characterized by their abundant metabolic deficiencies. By embracing uncertainty, our approach can be broadly applied to understanding metabolic interactions in complex microbial ecosystems. *For correspondence: DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39733.001 [email protected] Competing interests: The authors declare that no Introduction competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors for Periodontitis Focusing on the Saliva Microbiome and Polymorphism
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors for Periodontitis Focusing on the Saliva Microbiome and Polymorphism Naoki Toyama 1,* , Daisuke Ekuni 1 , Daisuke Matsui 2, Teruhide Koyama 2 , Masahiro Nakatochi 3, Yukihide Momozawa 4, Michiaki Kubo 4 and Manabu Morita 1 1 Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; [email protected] (D.E.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (T.K.) 3 Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan; [email protected] 4 Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City 230-0045, Japan; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (M.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-86-235-6712 Abstract: Few studies have exhaustively assessed relationships among polymorphisms, the micro- biome, and periodontitis. The objective of the present study was to assess associations simultaneously among polymorphisms, the microbiome, and periodontitis. We used propensity score matching with a 1:1 ratio to select subjects, and then 22 individuals (mean age ± standard deviation, 60.7 ± 9.9 years) Citation: Toyama, N.; Ekuni, D.; were analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Metagenomics Examines the Oral Microbiome During Dental Caries, Revealing Novel Taxa and Co-Occurrences with Host Molecules
    Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on October 1, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Research Deep metagenomics examines the oral microbiome during dental caries, revealing novel taxa and co-occurrences with host molecules Jonathon L. Baker,1 James T. Morton,2 Márcia Dinis,3 Ruth Alvarez,3 Nini C. Tran,3 Rob Knight,4,5,6,7 and Anna Edlund1,5 1Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA; 2Systems Biology Group, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA; 3Section of Pediatric Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, USA; 4Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92161, USA; 5Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92161, USA; 6Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; 7Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA Dental caries, the most common chronic infectious disease worldwide, has a complex etiology involving the interplay of microbial and host factors that are not completely understood. In this study, the oral microbiome and 38 host cytokines and chemokines were analyzed across 23 children with caries and 24 children with healthy dentition. De novo assembly of metagenomic sequencing obtained 527 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), representing 150 bacterial species. Forty-two of these species had no genomes in public repositories, thereby representing novel taxa. These new genomes greatly expanded the known pangenomes of many oral clades, including the enigmatic Saccharibacteria clades G3 and G6, which had distinct functional repertoires compared to other oral Saccharibacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Independent Acquisition and Adaption of Ultra-Small Bacteria to Human Hosts Across the Highly Diverse Yet Reduced Genomes of the Phylum Saccharibacteria
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/258137; this version posted February 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Evidence of independent acquisition and adaption of ultra-small bacteria to human hosts across the highly diverse yet reduced genomes of the phylum Saccharibacteria Jeffrey S. McLeana,b,1 , Batbileg Borc#, Thao T. Toa#, Quanhui Liua, Kristopher A. Kernsa, Lindsey Soldend, Kelly Wrightond, Xuesong Hec, Wenyuan Shic a Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA b Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA c Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 dDepartment of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Short title: Host Adaptation of the Saccharibacteria Phylum Keywords: TM7, Saccharibacteria, Candidate Phyla Radiation, epibiont, oral microbiome, # These authors contributed equally to this work. 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Author contribution: JSM, XH, BB and WS conceived the study and designed experiments. XH, JSM, BB, TT, KK, LS, KW, QL conducted experiments. All authors listed analyzed the data. JSM, XH, BB wrote the paper with input from all other authors. All authors have read and approved the manuscript. This research was funded by NIH NIGMS R01GM095373 (J.S.M.), NIH NIDCR Awards 1R01DE023810 (W.S., X.H., and J.M.), 1R01DE020102 (W.S., X.H., and J.S.M.), F32DE025548-01 (B.B.), T90DE021984 (T.T.) 1R01DE026186 (W.S., X.H., and J.S.M.).
    [Show full text]
  • Mycoplasma Spermatophilum, a New Species Isolated from Human Spermatozoa and Cervix AURIOL C
    INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 1991, p. 229-233 Vol. 41, No. 2 0020-7713/91/020229-05$02.oo/o Copyright 0 1991, International Union of Microbiological Societies Mycoplasma spermatophilum, a New Species Isolated from Human Spermatozoa and Cervix AURIOL C. HILL Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Woodmansterne Road, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 4EF, United Kingdom A mycoplasma isolated from human spermatozoa and a human cervix was shown to be serologically distinct from 98 previously recognized MycopEasma and AchoZepZasma spp. Six mycoplasma colonies were cloned and examined in detail for morphology, growth, and biochemical characteristics; five of these were from sperm samples and one was from a cervix. These strains were closely related and had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine content of 32 mol%, requirement for sterol, and anaerobic growth. Glucose was not metabolized, and arginine and urea were not hydrolyzed. Strain AH159 (= NCTC 11720) is the type strain of a new species, Mycoplasma spermatophilum. Twelve named Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species colony isolated from each patient was cloned to produce a have been isolated from the respiratory or genital tracts of pure culture; this was done by initially filtering a broth humans (6). Mycoplasma buccale, Mycoplasma faucium, culture through a 220-nm-pore-size membrane filter, cultur- Mycoplasma lipophilum , Mycoplasma orale, Mycoplasma ing the filtrate on solid medium, transferring a single result- pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma salivarium are found almost ing colony to another agar plate, and inoculating the subse- exclusively in respiratory tracts. Mycoplasma fermentans quent growth into broth. This whole procedure was repeated has been found infrequently in urogenital tracts, while My- an additional four times; thus, the organisms were filter coplasma primatum, a species commonly present in nonhu- cloned five times (29).
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Signatures of Oral Dysbiosis, Periodontitis and Edentulism 2 Revealed by Gene Meter Methodology 3 4 M
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/070367; this version posted August 19, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Microbial Signatures of Oral Dysbiosis, Periodontitis and Edentulism 2 Revealed by Gene Meter Methodology 3 4 M. Colby Hunter1, Alex E. Pozhitkov2, and Peter A. Noble#3 5 6 *Corresponding author, Peter A Noble, Email: [email protected] 7 8 Authors’ affiliations: 9 10 1. Program in Microbiology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101 11 2. Department of Oral Health, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, Washington 12 98195-7444 Ph: 206-409-6664 13 3. Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, Washington 14 98195-7444 Ph: 206-409-6664 15 16 Authors’ emails: 17 18 Hunter: [email protected] 19 Pozhitkov: [email protected] 20 Noble: [email protected] 21 22 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/070367; this version posted August 19, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 23 ABSTRACT (N=305 WORDS) 24 25 Conceptual models suggest certain microorganisms (e.g., the red complex) are indicative of a specific 26 disease state (e.g., periodontitis); however, recent studies have questioned the validity of these models. 27 Here, the abundances of 500+ microbial species were determined in 16 patients with clinical signs of 28 one of the following oral conditions: periodontitis, established caries, edentulism, and oral health.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from the Integrated Microbial Genomes and Microbiomes Database (IMG/M) (Chen Et Al., 2019C) and Refined (See Methods) and a MAG from Marcy Et Al
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.069278; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Functional and genetic markers of niche partitioning among enigmatic members of the human oral microbiome Alon Shaiber1,2, Amy D. Willis3, Tom O. Delmont4, Simon Roux5, Lin-Xing Chen6, Abigail 5 C. Schmid7, Mahmoud Yousef8, Andrea R. Watson1,9, Karen Lolans1, Özcan C. Esen1, Sonny T. M. Lee10, Nora Downey11, Hilary G. Morrison11, Floyd E. Dewhirst12,13, Jessica L. Mark Welch11,*, A. Murat Eren1,2,9,11,* 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 2Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 3Department of Biostatistics, 10 University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA; 4Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France; 5Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley CA 94720, USA; 6Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 7Undergraduate Student, Computational and Applied Mathematics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 15 8Undergraduate Student, Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 9Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 10
    [Show full text]