DOCSLIB.ORG

National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Development for Rwanda Baseline Report    

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Development for Rwanda Baseline Report     National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Development for Rwanda Baseline Report Editor Professor Sir David King FRS Authors Bernis Byamukama [email protected] Economics, Trade and Industry Dr Christian Carey [email protected] Transport Cities and the Built Environment Megan Cole [email protected] Energy Mining Jillian Dyszynski [email protected] Climate Policy Dr Mathew Warnest [email protected] Agriculture Land Water Expert Advisors Dr Mick Blowfield (Industry and Commerce) Dr Nick Eyre (Energy) Dr David Frame (Climate Centre) Dr Rajat Gupta (Built Environment) Dr Claire Heffernan (Agriculture) Dr Cameron Hepburn (Economics and policy) Dr Oliver Inderwildi (Transport) Dr Mark New (Water) Dr Geoff Pearce (Water) Professor John Pickett (Agriculture) Ranjita Rajan (Management and enterprise) Dr Richard Washington (Climate Centre) “The National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Development for Rwanda, including the production of this report, is funded by the Climate & Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) www.cdkn.org. Views expressed in this document are those of the Smith School of Enterprise and Environment and the Government of Rwanda and may not be shared by CDKN or partner organisations.” University of Oxford Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment Hayes House 75 George Street Oxford OX1 2BQ United Kingdom DOI 10.4210/SSEE.PBS.2011.0002 ISSN (Print) 2042-4035 ISSN (Online) 2042-4043 i BaselineReport “The environment is our life-blood; indeed the real surprise is not that ministries of finance are now talking to ministries of environment – but that it has actually taken this long. Even when we look beyond agriculture, tourism, mineral wealth and fisheries, our economies depend critically on good environmental stewardship.” His Excellency Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda 2009 Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment ii iii BaselineReport THE SMITH SCHOOL VIEW “Our climate is changing and we are causing it to change. While developed countries struggle to reach agreement, many leaders in the developing world are striding forward, meeting challenging goals in order to reduce the impact on their nations, while continuing development. Rwanda is one such country. Under the leadership of His Excellency Paul Kagame, Rwanda has made remarkable progress in economic development. With the assistance of the Climate & Development Knowledge Network and the Department for International Development, through the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, significant steps will be made towards sustainable and robust development strategies. This can only be possible through the in-depth and continuing support of the Government of Rwanda, whose efforts will ensure this project succeeds in its aims. This baseline report is the first stage in a unique opportunity to create a low-carbon, climate-resilient development plan, taking Rwanda into a sustainable, and above all a prosperous, mid- century as a middle income economy.” Professor Sir David King FRS Oxford 2011 Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment iv v BaselineReport VIEW FROM RWANDA “The elaboration of a Climate Change and Low Carbon Development Strategy marks a significant turning point in the development paradigm Rwanda is contemplating. Sustainable development will indeed be effective only if articulated by climate resilient and low carbon economic growth. The extensive appraisal reflected in this baseline report provides appropriate grounds to effect a new planning framework that will proactively take into account recurrent shocks relevant to the impacts of global climate change. ” Honourable Minister Stanislas Kamanzi Kigali 2011 Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment vi vii BaselineReport TABLE OF CONTENTS The Smith School View iv View from Rwanda vi Table of Contents viii Executive Summary x 1. Introduction 1 2. Climate Policy 9 3. Economy, Trade and Industry 19 4. Energy 25 5. Mining 35 6. Transport 41 7. Cities and the Built Environment 49 8. Agriculture 55 9. Land 63 10.Water 71 11.Forestry 79 12.Conclusion 85 Acknowledgements 87 References 89 Acronyms and Abbreviations 95 Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment viii “The danger posed by war to all of humanity - and to our planet - is at least matched by the climate crisis and global warming. I believe that the world has reached a critical stage in its efforts to exercise responsible environmental stewardship.” Ban Ki-moon UN Secretary General ix BaselineReport EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Baseline Report is the first step in the Agriculture, the source of employment for process of developing a National Strategy 80% of the population, is most at risk. on Climate Change and Low Carbon Rwanda is currently dependent on Development for Rwanda. It provides a hydropower for 50% of its electricity, snapshot of the country today and the making it vulnerable to changes in rainfall. planned initiatives that will take it forward, Regional planning of hydropower plants placing it within the context of climate has based maximum capacity on current change. Though many opportunities are river flows, which are likely to change. As highlighted, the aim of the report is to temperatures rise, diseases will spread provide the foundation for the next step posing health risks to the predominantly where detailed analysis will take place and poor population. Planning for the future in recommendations will be made. Rwanda needs to take all these changes Rwanda is a small, hilly, landlocked into account to become climate-resilient. country in East Africa with the highest The root cause of global warming, the population density in Africa. It has strong burning of fossil fuels, needs to be leadership and good governance, which addressed on a global scale. Rwanda, as have enabled it to develop rapidly: it has a Least Developed Country (LDC), is not experienced an average GDP growth rate required to cut its greenhouse gas (GHG) of 8.5% in the past five years. Rwanda’s emissions and currently is a net carbon collective vision for development is sink thanks to forest sequestration. embodied in Vision 2020, which seeks to However, GHG emissions are expected to transform the country from a subsistence rise as the country’s economy grows. agriculture economy to a knowledge- Rwanda is currently dependent on oil based middle income economy by 2020. imports for transport and 45% of electricity Export revenues are dominated by generation. Moving to a low carbon minerals, tea and coffee while services and economy would reduce vulnerability to oil agriculture contribute 81% of GDP. price spikes and improve energy security. Tourism has recently become the largest As an LDC, Rwanda has priority access to foreign exchange earner. As the population international climate finance: developing a grows and urbanisation and National Strategy on Climate Change and industrialisation increase, more and more Low Carbon Development will facilitate pressure is placed on the natural that process. resources in Rwanda, notably land, water This Baseline Report addresses various and forests. Limited infrastructure, sectors of the economy individually for the including the transport network, electricity specific purpose of gaining deeper insight. grid and water pipelines, hinders trade and But sectoral integration is crucial in the the provision of basic amenities. development of a national strategy, and Many initiatives are under way in Rwanda this will be a key component of the next to address these challenges but there is a stage. The project recognises the new challenge that needs to be addressed challenges of low capacity and funding. It – that of climate change due to global aims to build local capacity, especially in warming. Rwanda is highly vulnerable to the areas of climate finance and climate the impacts of climate change although data collection and analysis, and will lack of sufficient data means that regional contribute to the establishment of a climate change projections are uncertain. Climate Centre. Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment x “We must use time wisely and forever realise that the time is always ripe to do right.” Nelson Mandela xi BaselineReport 1. INTRODUCTION Climate change poses the greatest global - Contribute to the implementation of a challenge of our day. It requires us to Climate Centre in Rwanda to improve reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and climate data and models for the region to learn to adapt to new climate-related Many developing countries have produced risks. For developing countries, poverty climate change strategies or action plans, alleviation and human development have including Bangladesh, Kenya and Zambia. become an even greater challenge. Oil Low carbon development studies are less importers like Rwanda will be exposed to common, however, with early movers price shocks, threatening energy security being Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and economic growth. Decoupling a Mexico, Poland, South Africa, Guyana, developing economy from fossil fuels – low Costa Rica and South Korea. The studies carbon development – and climate- identify greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation proofing key economic sectors is a priority potential, assess the costs and benefits of for stable growth. The Government of lower carbon growth pathways, examine Rwanda has recognised this and is financing sources and mechanisms to committed to addressing climate change address the additional costs, characterise with the same determination that it has appropriate policy support, and identify shown towards socio-economic projects and programmes that contribute development. Rwanda’s development to growth and development goals while vision is embodied in Vision 2020 which curbing GHG emissions[2]. Rwanda has aims to transform the country from a Least the opportunity to join this group of early Developed Country (LDC) to a middle- movers on low carbon development but income economy, with an income of 900 would be the first LDC to do so. This will USD per capita by 2020[1] . With real GDP position the country well to be eligible for growth rates of 8.5% in the past five years, international climate finance for mitigation Rwanda is on track to meet the Vision and adaptation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rwanda Case Study on Economic Transformation
    Institute of Policy Analysis and Research – Rwanda (IPAR) Report for the African Centre for Economic Transformation (ACET) Dickson Malunda and Serge Musana RWANDA CASE STUDY ON ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Copyright: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research – Rwanda (IPAR) Year: 2012 Place of Publication: Kigali, Rwanda 1 Acknowledgement We would like to thank government institutions and agencies from which we have obtained data and information we have used in writing this report. We would also thank the IPAR team members, especially Professor Pamela Abbott, for valuable comments and inputs given in shaping this report. Lastly we would like to thank Francesca for proof-reading the report. This study was financed by the Africa Center for Economic Transformation (ACET). We remain responsible for the content of the report. No omissions or areas should be attributed to anyone who provided information for the project. The opinions expressed in the report are ours and should not be attributed to the funding agencies who may not necessarily share them. 2 Acronyms ADB African Development Bank EAC East African Community EDPRS Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy EPZ Export Commodity Processing Zone European Union European Union FEZ Free Economic Zone FTZ Free Trade Zone GOR Government of Rwanda GTZ German Technical Cooperation IMF International Monetary Fund NBR National Bank of Rwanda RDB Rwanda Development Board RRA Rwanda Revenue Authority UNCTD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development VAT Value Added Tax 3 Table of Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Developmental State Economic Model Versus Neo-Classical Principles: the Ac Se of Rwanda and Burundi Maxime Sarah Mianzokouna University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
    University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations December 2018 Developmental State Economic Model Versus Neo-classical Principles: The aC se of Rwanda and Burundi Maxime Sarah Mianzokouna University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the African Studies Commons, Economics Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Mianzokouna, Maxime Sarah, "Developmental State Economic Model Versus Neo-classical Principles: The asC e of Rwanda and Burundi" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 1999. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1999 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPMENTAL STATE ECONOMIC MODEL VERSUS NEO-CLASSICAL PRINCIPLES: THE CASE OF RWANDA AND BURUNDI by Maxime Sarah Mianzokouna A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Africology at The University of Wisconsin –Milwaukee December 2018 ABSTRACT DEVELOPMENTAL STATE ECONOMIC MODEL VERSUS NEO-CLASSICAL PRINCIPLES: THE CASE OF RWANDA AND BURUNDI by Maxime Sarah Mianzokouna The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2018 Under the Supervision of Professors Abera Gelan and Nolan Kopkin The purpose of this thesis is to examine the significance of the developmental state model using the economic performances of two African countries, Burundi and Rwanda. The two neighboring African countries share similar economic characteristics and face virtually same social and political challenges. In the last two decades, Burundi and Rwanda have taken two different approaches to develop their economies.
    [Show full text]
  • Circular Economy in Africa-EU Cooperation
    Circular Economy in Africa-EU Cooperation Country report for Rwanda Written by Trinomics December – 2020 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Environment Directorate F – Global Sustainable Development Unit F2 - Bilateral & Regional Environmental Cooperation Contact: Gaëtan Ducroux E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels Circular Economy in Africa-EU Cooperation Country report for Rwanda Authors: Whyte, C. R.; Irakoze, G.; Katanisa, P.; Desmond, P.; Hemkhaus, M.; Ahlers, J.; Van Hummelen, S. & McGovern, M.; Artola, I. Acknowledgements We acknowledge the valuable contribution of several co-workers from within the four participating institutions, as well as the feedback received from DG Environment and other DGs of the European Commission as well as the Members of the EU delegation in Rwanda. Preferred citation Whyte, C. R.; Irakoze, G.; Katanisa, P.; Desmond, P. et al. (2020) Circular economy in the Africa- EU cooperation - Country Report for Rwanda. Country report under EC Contract ENV.F.2./ETU/2018/004 Project: “Circular Economy in Africa-EU cooperation”, Trinomics B.V., ACEN, adelphi Consult GmbH and Cambridge Econometrics Ltd. In association with: LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 PDF ISBN 978-92-76-26831-4 doi:10.2779/22762 KH-06-20-057-EN-N © European Union, 2020 The Commission’s reuse policy is implemented by Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Gender Equality on Rural Women Development in Agriculture – Case Study: Koperative Duhinge Ikigori Kanjongo ”KODIKA”, Nyamasheke District, Rwanda
    The Role of Gender Equality on Rural Women Development in Agriculture – Case study: koperative duhinge ikigori kanjongo ”KODIKA”, Nyamasheke District, Rwanda Christella Mukakalisa Master thesis • 30 credits Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Urban and Rural Development Rural Development and Natural Resource Management - Master’s Programme Uppsala 2021 The Role of Gender Equality on Rural Women Development in Agriculture – case study: koperative duhinge ikigori kanjongo “KODIKA”, Nyamasheke District, Rwanda Christella Mukakalisa Supervisor: Ildikó Asztalos Morell, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Urban and Rural Development Examiner: Malin Beckman, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Urban and Rural Development Credits: 30 credits Level: Second cycle, A2E Course title: Master thesis in Rural Development Course code: EX0889 Programme/education: Rural Development and Natural Resource Management – Master’s Programme Course coordinating dept: Department of Urban and Rural Development Place of publication: Uppsala Year of publication: 2021 Cover picture: KODIKA farmers during weeding activities. Photo by Bizimana Joel Copyright: All featured images are used with permission from copyright owner. Online publication: https://stud.epsilon.slu.se Keywords: Gender Equality, Rural Women Development, Agriculture Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Urban and Rural Development Division of Rural Development Publishing and archiving Approved students’ theses at SLU are published electronically. As a student, you have the copyright to your own work and need to approve the electronic publishing. If you check the box for YES, the full text (pdf file) and metadata will be visible and searchable online.
    [Show full text]
  • African Political Economy and the Quest for Free Market: Challenges and Prospects
    inistrat dm ion A a c n li d Adamu, Review Pub Administration Manag 2017, 5:2 b M u a DOI: 10.4172/2315-7844.1000221 P n f a o Review of Public Administration g e w m e i e v n e t R ISSN: 2315-7844 and Management Review Article Open Access African Political Economy and The Quest for Free Market: Challenges and Prospects Abdulrahman Adamu* Department of Political Science, Federal University, Gusau Zamfara State, Nigeria Abstract It is germane to state that communism to a market economy in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has not gone down well in many aspects that could lead to growth and development in Africa but its movement in China and Vietnam has performed tangibly beyond expectation. Worthy to note is that Africa witnessed high level of stagnation in the beginning of the century of the post-colonial period and in recent time, there has been a competition between population and poverty reduction; the percentage in poverty has gone down, but the absolute numbers of impoverished have increased. The ostensible behind this piece is to assess the efforts of African states in their quest for achieving free market economy. This paper applied qualitative method of data collection while globalization theory was used as a basis of its analysis. The paper reveals that globalization has been a mixed blessing in this aspect as it plays an important role both in the successes and failures. It concludes that these dramatic economic events have not surprisingly been accompanied by a high level of intellectual ferment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of Rwanda Us$620000000
    THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA U.S.$620,000,000 5.500 per cent. Notes due 2031 Issue Price: 100 per cent. The issue price of the U.S.$620,000,000 5.500 per cent. Notes due 2031 (the “Notes”) of the Republic of Rwanda (“Rwanda”, the “Republic” or the “Issuer”) is 100 per cent. of their principal amount. Unless previously redeemed or purchased and cancelled the Notes will be redeemed at their principal amount on 9 August 2031 (the “Maturity Date”). The Notes will bear interest from 9 August 2021 at the rate of 5.500 per cent. per annum payable semi-annually in arrear on 9 February and 9 August in each year commencing on 9 February 2022. Payments on the Notes will be made in US dollars without deduction for or on account of taxes imposed or levied by the Republic of Rwanda to the extent described under “Terms and Conditions of the Notes–Taxation”. This Offering Circular does not comprise a prospectus for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (“EUWA”) (the “UK Prospectus Regulation”). Application has been made to the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority in its capacity as competent authority under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended) (the “FCA”) for the Notes to be admitted to a listing on the Official List of the FCA (the “Official List”) and to the London Stock Exchange plc (the “London Stock Exchange”) for such Notes to be admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s main market (the “Main Market”).
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda Case Study on Economic Transformation
    Institute of Policy Analysis and Research – Rwanda (IPAR) Report for the African Centre for Economic Transformation (ACET) Dickson Malunda and Serge Musana RWANDA CASE STUDY ON ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Copyright: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research – Rwanda (IPAR) Year: 2012 Place of Publication: Kigali, Rwanda 1 Acknowledgement We would like to thank government institutions and agencies from which we have obtained data and information we have used in writing this report. We would also thank the IPAR team members, especially Professor Pamela Abbott, for valuable comments and inputs given in shaping this report. Lastly we would like to thank Francesca for proof-reading the report. This study was financed by the Africa Center for Economic Transformation (ACET). We remain responsible for the content of the report. No omissions or areas should be attributed to anyone who provided information for the project. The opinions expressed in the report are ours and should not be attributed to the funding agencies who may not necessarily share them. 2 Acronyms ADB African Development Bank EAC East African Community EDPRS Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy EPZ Export Commodity Processing Zone European Union European Union FEZ Free Economic Zone FTZ Free Trade Zone GOR Government of Rwanda GTZ German Technical Cooperation IMF International Monetary Fund NBR National Bank of Rwanda RDB Rwanda Development Board RRA Rwanda Revenue Authority UNCTD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development VAT Value Added Tax 3 Table of Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Research for Action 24 Development, Aid and Conflict
    UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER) Research for Action 24 Development, Aid and Conflict Reflections from the Case of Rwanda Peter Uvin This study has been prepared within the UNU/WIDER project on the Wave of Emergencies of the Last Decade: Causes, Extent, Predictability and Response, co- directed by Professor E. Wayne Nafziger, Kansas State University, and Professor Raimo Vayrynen, University of Notre Dame. UNU/WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions to the project by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and the Government of Sweden (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency - Sida). UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER) A research and training centre of the United Nations University The Board of UNU/WIDER Nora Lustig Harris Mutio Mule Sylvia Ostry Jukka Pekkarinen, Vice Chairperson George Vassiliou, Chairperson Ruben Yevstigneyev Masaru Yoshitomi Ex Officio Hans J. A. van Ginkel, Rector of UNU Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Director of UNU/WIDER UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER) was established by the United Nations University as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The purpose of the Institute is to undertake applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, to provide a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and to promote capacity strengthening and training in the field of economic and social policy making. Its work is carried out by staff researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of collaborating scholars and institutions around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Aiding to Repair: an Analysis on the Impact of Foreign Aid in Rwanda After the 1994 Genocide
    Ursinus College Digital Commons @ Ursinus College International Relations Honors Papers Student Research 4-23-2018 Aiding to Repair: An Analysis on the Impact of Foreign Aid in Rwanda After the 1994 Genocide Mary Atta-Dakwa Ursinus College, [email protected] Adviser: Ann Karreth Second Adviser: Olga Nicoara Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/int_hon Part of the Econometrics Commons, Growth and Development Commons, International Economics Commons, International Relations Commons, Macroeconomics Commons, and the Political Economy Commons Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits oy u. Recommended Citation Atta-Dakwa, Mary, "Aiding to Repair: An Analysis on the Impact of Foreign Aid in Rwanda After the 1994 Genocide" (2018). International Relations Honors Papers. 3. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/int_hon/3 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Relations Honors Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Aiding to Repair: An Analysis on the Impact of Foreign Aid in Rwanda After the 1994 Genocide Mary Atta-Dakwa April 23, 2018 Submitted to the faculty of Ursinus College in fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in International Relations and Business and Economics Abstract: Between April 1994 to July 1994, about 1 million Hutus and Tutsis were murdered in the Rwandan genocide. The genocide not only severely declined the population of Rwandans, but largely impacted its infrastructure, government, and economy. After the genocide, about $15 billion US dollars was sent to provide humanitarian aid.
    [Show full text]
  • UNCTAD Productive Capacities Index: Focus on Landlocked Developing Countries
    UNC UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT T AD UNCTAD PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES INDEX PCI UNC Productive Capacities Index T AD PRODUCTIVE CA Focus on Landlocked Developing Countries The overall objective of the UNCTAD Productive Capacities Index is to support the formulation and implementation of holistic, coherent and evidence-based policymaking in developing countries. The Index is designed with the aim of improving the quality of trade and development policies by placing the fostering of productive capacities and structural transformation at P ACITIES INDEX their centre. This report provides an assessment of the performance of 193 countries, using 46 indicators across eight categories of productive capacities. The report also captures the performance Focus on Landlocked Developing Countries of performances in selected pilot countries: Botswana, Lao People’s Democratic Republic related challenges and the interventions needed to address them. With regard to landlocked challenges are related to weak productive capacities and the lack of structural transformation in their economies. Such structural limitations increase their socioeconomic vulnerabilities to external shocks and undermine their ability to rapidly respond to emergencies such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. pci.unctad.org UNITED N A TIONS UNCTAD Productive Capacities Index: Focus on Landlocked Developing Countries © 2020, United Nations This work is available through open access, by complying with the Creative Commons licence created for intergovernmental organizations, at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Entrepreneurship on Rwandan Economic Growth
    Tryaksh International Journal of Humanities (TIJH) http://tryakshpublications.com/journals/single/Humanities TIJH: Original Article Open Access Effect of Entrepreneurship on Rwandan Economic Growth, Evidence from Gicumbi District Ndisanze Onesme1, Sindayigaya Aimable Benjamin2, Uwamahoro Jeanne D’Arc3 1Lecturer at the University, College of Education in the Department of Humanities and Languages Education, Rwanda. 2Lecturer and a Researcher at the University, College of Education in the Department of Humanities and Languages Education, He Teaches Courses of Entrepreneurship and other Related Courses. 3Lecturer and a Researcher at The University, College of Education in the Department of Humanities and Languages Education, She Teaches Macroeconomics, Microeconomics and Rwandan Economics. Abstract The general objective of this study is to find out effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth of Rwanda. The study has used descriptive research design to describe effect of entrepreneurs on national consumption, investment, government and net export. The total population of Gicumbi district was distributed in four sectors namely Nyankenke, Miyove, Mukarange and Byumba. Nyankenke sector had 350 householders, Miyove sector was made of 420 householders, Mukarange was made of 809 householders, and the number of householders in Byumba sector was 600. The total population was 2179 and researcher selected 217 as a sample size. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with multiple regression and coefficient of correlation. The findings highlighted that entrepreneurship has statistically positive effect on economic growth. It provides new products in the community and improves the quality of output. They revealed that entrepreneurs have effect on construction of new buildings, technology and equipment for promoting economic growth. The results revealed that Pearson coefficient is.765 and it is above .05.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward an Understanding of Economic Growth in Africa: a Re-Interpretation of the Lewis Model
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICA: A RE-INTERPRETATION OF THE LEWIS MODEL Xinshen Diao Margaret McMillan Working Paper 21018 http://www.nber.org/papers/w21018 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2015 The authors would like to thank without implicating in any way, Dani Rodrik for several helpful conversations and for his patience with us as we try to make sense of Africa’s recent growth. We would also like to thank Justin Lin for inviting us to present this work at the first International Symposium on New Structural Economics and Development in Africa organized by the National School of Development, Peking University in June 2014 in Beijing, and many of the participants for helpful comments. We thank the staff at the Ministry of Agriculture in the Republic of Rwanda, Kigali, for providing several datasets, government documents and other unpublished materials. Finally, we thank Inigo Verduzco-Gallo, Zara Qureshi and Amarachi Utah for excellent research assistance. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the CGIAR’s research program - Policy, Institutions and Markets – and the United States Agency for International Development. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2015 by Xinshen Diao and Margaret McMillan. All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]