: A Youthful and Rapidly Growing Nation Opportunities and possibilities

Introduction Age Dependency Ratio • The age dependency ratio is the ratio of people Geita is among the poorestTanzania: regions in A Tanzania Youthful and Rapidlyin the ‘dependent Growing ages’ Nation (those under age 15 and is characterized by poor reproductive and age 65 and older) to those in the ‘working Opportunities and possibilities health indicators including high child marriage age population’ (15-64) was higher at 113 in prevalence rates, high adolescent’s fertility rates, Geita RegionGeita region compared to the national average and low contraceptive prevalence rates. Prior to of 92 in 2012. IntroductionMarch 2012, Geita was part of , and Shinyanga regions. Geita is among the poorest regions in Tanzania and is characterized Totalby poor Fertility reproductive Rate health in Geita indicators including high child • In 2010, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was 6.3 marriagePopulation prevalence Size rates, high adolescent’s fertility rates, and low contraceptive prevalence rates. Prior to March 2012, Geita was part of Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga regions. in the Lake zone and 7.1 in the Western zone (which Geita was part of at the time) which Population• In 2012,Size the total population was 1,739,530 with an annual growth rate of 2.6 in was higher in comparison to the national  In 2012,comparison the total population to the national was 1,739,530 average with growthan annual growth rateaverage of 2.6 of in 5.4.comparison to the national average growthrate rate of of2.7. 2.7. Youthful population Child Marriages and Child Bearing in Geita Youthful population • Among married women aged 20-24 years,  In 2012, approximately 19% of the population were between 15-24 years which was the same as the national average of • In 2012, approximately 19% of the population 36%, 37% and 59% were married by 18 19% in 2012. were between 15-24 years which was the same years in Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga Urban Populationas the national average of 19% in 2012 respectively. Nationally, 40% were married for the same age group.  In 2012, the urban population in Geita was at 16% which was less than the national average at 30%. Urban Population • Nearly a third of teenagers (29%) and (30%) Age Dependency Ratio aged 15-19 years in 2010 had began child • In 2012, the urban population in Geita was at bearing or were pregnant in the Lake and  The age dependency ratio is the ratio of people in the ‘dependent ages’ (those under age 15 and age 65 and older) to 16% which was less than the national average Western zone respectively (which Geita was those in the ‘working age population’ (15-64) was higher at 113 in Geita region compared to the national average of 92 in at 30%. part of at the time) while the national average 2012. was 23%. Table 1: TablePopulation 1: Population by Special by Special Age Age groups groups Young Young Contraceptive Prevalence Rate Youth Working Elderly Women of reproductive Age De- People People Urban Population Size 15 - 24 Population Population age 15-49 years % of total pendency 0 - 4 0-14 Population years 15-64 years 65+ years female population Ratio years years M F % % % % % % % Geita Region 861,055 878,475 19.6 50.5 18.9 47 2.5 43.7 16 112.9 National 21,869,990 23,058,933 16.2 43.9 19.1 52.2 3.9 47.3 29.6 91.5 Source: Tanzania Population and Housing Census 2012 Total Fertility Rate in Geita

 In 2010, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was 6.3 in the Lake zone and 7.1 in the Western zone (which Geita was part of at the time) which was higher in compari- son to the national average of 5.4.

Child Marriages and Child Bearing in Geita

 Among married women aged 20-24 years, 36%, 37% and 59% were married by 18 years in Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga respectively. Nationally, 40% were mar- ried for the same age group.

 Nearly a third of teenagers (29%) and (30%) aged 15-19 years in 2010 had began child bearing or were preg- nant in the Lake and Western zone respectively (which Geita was part of at the time) while the national aver-

Source: Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2010 age was 23%.

~Note: Geita was part of Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga regions prior to March 2012

Tanzania: A Youthful and Rapidly Growing Nation

Opportunities and possibilities Geita Region

Introduction

Geita is among the poorest regions in Tanzania and is characterized by poor reproductive health indicators including high child marriage prevalence rates, high adolescent’s fertility rates, and low contraceptive prevalence rates. Prior to March 2012, Geita was part of Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga regions.

Population Size

 In 2012, the total population was 1,739,530 with an annual growth rate of 2.6 in comparison to the national average growth rate of 2.7.

Youthful population

 In 2012, approximately 19% of the population were between 15-24 years which was the same as the national average of 19% in 2012. Urban Population

 In 2012, the urban population in Geita was at 16% which was less than the national average at 30%.

Age Dependency Ratio

 The age dependency ratio is the ratio of people in the ‘dependent ages’ (those under age 15 and age 65 and older) to those in the ‘working age population’ (15-64) was higher at 113 in Geita region compared to the national average of 92 in 2012.

Table 1: Population by Special Age groups Young Young Youth Working Elderly Women of reproductive Age De- People People Urban Population Size 15 - 24 Population Population age 15-49 years % of total pendency 0 - 4 0-14 Population years 15-64 years 65+ years female population Ratio years years M F % % % % % % % Geita Region 861,055 878,475 19.6 50.5 18.9 47 2.5 43.7 16 112.9 National 21,869,990 23,058,933 16.2 43.9 19.1 52.2 3.9 47.3 29.6 91.5 Source: Tanzania Population and Housing Census 2012 Total Fertility Rate in Geita

 In 2010, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was 6.3 in the EconomyLake zone and 7.1 in the Western zone (which Geita Inequalitywas part and of at control the time) of Incomewhich was - higherwomen in compari- • Mostson to thewomen national work average in Geita. of 5.4. In 2010, only Child40% Marriages of married and Child working Bearing women in Geita in Shinyanga who were paid wages could decide how their  Among married women aged 20-24 years, 36%, 37% income would be utilized. While nationally, and 59% were married by 18 years in Kagera, Mwanza 36% of the working married women who and Shinyanga respectively. Nationally, 40% were mar- were paid wages could decide how their cash ried for the same age group. would be used..  Nearly a third of teenagers (29%) and (30%) aged 15-19 Proportionyears in 2010working had began in the child Agriculture bearing or wereSector preg- • Approximatelynant in the Lake and 4.2%Western zoneof respectivelythe national (which populationGeita was part formallyof at the time) employed while the were national from aver- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate Source: Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2010 Shinyangaage was 23%. region according the Employment  In 2010,and Kagera, Earnings Mwanza Survey and Shinyanga 2012. hadSpecifically a CPR of 24%, for 12% ~Note:TableTable Geita 2: 2: Fertility wasFertility part of Determinants DeterminantsKagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga regions prior to March 2012 and 13% agriculture, respectively 93% which of werethe allhouseholds lower than dependedthe national av- Contracep- Unmet Girls 15-19 erage ofon 27% crop among farming married as women. an occupation according Total tive Preva- Need for years began Region Fertility to the Shinyanga Agriculture Sample Census lence Rate Family Plan- child bear- Unmet Need for Family Planning Rate (%) ning (%) ing (%) 2007/08.. The unmet need for family planning is the number of women who Kagera~ 6.3^ 24 27 29^ would Educationeither like to limit the number of children they have or would Mwanza~ 6.3^ 12 34 29^ like to wait before they have their next child but are not using any Shinyanga~ 7.1* 13 22 30* form ofEnrolment contraception. in Primary School National 5.4 27 25 23 • In 2010, over 95% of both boys and girls were  In 2010, the unmet need for family planning among currently Source: Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2010 enrolled in primary school in Kagera, Mwanza marriedand women Shinyanga was 27% regions in Kagera, similar 34% in to Mwanza the Tanzania and 22% in ^ Represents the Lake Zone and * the Western Zone ShinyangaMainland respectively trend. compared to the national average of 25%. • InMost 2010, people Kagera, in Geita Mwanza live in and rural Shinyanga areas, are had young and have many children. Most women are married at a Enrolment in Secondary School-Ordinary Level a youngCPR ofage 24%, and have 12% children and 13%while stillrespectively young. Though some married women use contraceptives, many more whichwant wereto use all contraceptives lower than the but nationalare not able average to do so. • In 2010, close to half and a third of boys in of 27% among married women. Mwanza and Shinyanga respectively among Economy the age group 14-17 years were enrolled Unmet Need for Family Planning in O level compared to 44% for Tanzania Inequality and control of Income—women Mainland. Among the girls, almost a third The Most unmet women need work for infamily Geita. Inplanning 2010, only is the40% numberof married workingfrom women Kagera in Shinyanga and Mwanza; who were paidand wages less thancould decidea of womenhow their whoincome would would beeither utilized. like Whileto limitnationally, the 36% of thequarter working in marriedShinyanga women were who enrolled were paid compared wages could numberdecide of how children their cash they would have be or used. would like to wait to 36% for Tanzania Mainland among the before they have their next child but are not using same age group. Proportionany form of working contraception. in the Agriculture Sector • ApproximatelyIn 2010, the 4.2% unmet of the need national for family population planning formally employedIn Secondary were from School—Advanced according Level the Employment andamong Earnings currently Survey 2012. married Specifically women for wasagriculture, 27% 93% • of theIn households Shinyanga depended region, on lesscrop thanfarming 1% as anof occupationboth accordingin Kagera, to the 34% Shinyanga in MwanzaAgriculture and Sample 22% Census in 2007/08. boys (0.7%) and girls (0.2%) among the 18 Shinyanga respectively compared to the –19 year olds were enrolled for advanced Educationnational average of 25%. secondary school in 2010. In Tanzania EnrolmentMost people in Primary in Geita School live in rural areas, are Mainland, approximately 5% of boys and 3% of girls among 18-19 year olds were enrolled young In 2010, and over have 95% many of both children.boys and girls Most were women enrolled in primary school in Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga regions similar for the same age group.. are tomarried the Tanzania at aMainland young trend.age and have children while still young. Though some married women Dropout in Secondary School  Enrolment in Secondary School—Ordinary Level use contraceptives, many more want to use • In Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyagan regions, contraceptives In 2010, close but to half are and not a thirdable ofto boys do so. in Mwanza and Shinyangagenerally respectively at leastamong twice the age the group number 14-17 yearsof girls were enrolled in O level compared to 44% for Tanzania Mainland. Among the girls, almost a third from Kagera and Mwanza; and Note:less Geita than was a partquarter of Kagera, in Shinyanga Mwanza were and Shinyanga enrolled comparedregions prior to to 36% March for 2012Tanzania Mainland among the same age group.

In Secondary School—Advanced Level

 In Shinyanga region, less than 1% of both boys (0.7%) and girls (0.2%) among the 18 –19 year olds were enrolled for ad- vanced secondary school in 2010. In Tanzania Mainland, approximately 5% of boys and 3% of girls among 18-19 year olds were enrolled for the same age group.

Dropout in Secondary School

 In Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyagan regions, generally at least twice the number of girls compared to boys dropped out of secondary school which was consistent with the national trend for example 2% of boys and 6% of girls in Shinyanga. In general, most Tanzanians in Geita attend and complete primary school education, but less thana third of boys and a quarter of girls attend secondary school; and even fewer advance to tertiary level. This pattern is consistent with the national trends.

~Note: Geita was part of Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga regions prior to March 2012 compared to boys dropped out of secondary In general, most Tanzanians in Geita attend and

school which was consistent with the national complete primary school education, but less than a trend for example 2% of boys and 6% of girls third of boys and a quarter of girls attend secondary

in Shinyanga.Table 3: Summary Education Indicators school; and even fewer advance to tertiary level. Table 3: Summary Education Indicators Enrolment in Primary Dropout in Primary EnrolmentThis in pattern Secondary is Enrolmentconsistent in Secondarywith the Dropoutnational in Secondarytrends. TableRegion 3. SummaryEnrolment Education in Primary Indicators Dropout in Primary Enrolment in Secondary Enrolment in Secondary Dropout in Secondary Region TableSchool 3: Summary (%) EducationSchool Indicators (%) School - O Level (%) School - A Level (%) School (%) School (%) School (%) School - O Level (%) School - A Level (%) School (%) EnrolmentM in PrimaryF DropoutM in PrimaryF EnrolmentM in SecondaryF EnrolmentM in SecondaryF DropoutM in SecondaryF Region M F M F M F M F M F Kagera~ 116School (%)115 1.7School (%) 1.6 School39 - O Level32 (%) School4.2 - A Level1.2 (%) 1.4School (%) 2.8 Kagera~ 116 115 1.7 1.6 39 32 4.2 1.2 1.4 2.8 Mwanza~ M126 124F M0.9 F0.8 M50 F30 M3.2 F2.9 M1.0 F2.6 Mwanza~ 126 124 0.9 0.8 50 30 3.2 2.9 1.0 2.6 KageraShinyanga~ ~ 11696 11597 1.70.7 1.60.6 3929 3216 4.20.7 1.20.2 1.42.2 2.85.9 Shinyanga~ 96 97 0.7 0.6 29 16 0.7 0.2 2.2 5.9 MwanzaTz Mainland~ 126111 124111 0.91.0 0.80.8 5044 3036 3.24.8 2.93.2 1.01.3 2.62.7 ShinyangaTz Mainland~ 96111 97111 0.71.0 0.60.8 2944 1636 0.74.8 0.23.2 2.21.3 5.92.7 Source: Basic Education Statistics Tanzania (BEST) 2010; 2002 Regional and District Projections, Volume XII Kagera, Mwanza; and Shinyanga, Source:Tz Mainland Basic Education Statistics111 Tanzania111 (BEST) 2010; 20021.0 Regional and District0.8 Projections, Volume44 XII Kagera, Mwanza;36and Shinyanga, 4.8 3.2 1.3 2.7

Source: Basic Education Statistics Tanzania (BEST) 2010; 2002 Regional and District Projections, Volume XII Kagera, Mwanza; and Shinyanga, Gender Based Violence Gender Based Violence FemaleGender Genital Based Mutilation Violence GenderFemale Based Genital Violence Mutilation Female In 2010, Genital it was Mutilationestimated that less than 1% of women were circumcised in Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga while approx- Female In 2010,Genital it Mutilationwas estimated that less than 1% of women were circumcised in Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga while approx- • imInat e2010,ly 15% ito fwas wom estimateden were ci rthatcum clessised thanin Ta n1%zan iaof. women were circumcised in Kagera, Mwanza and  Inim 2010,ately it1 5was% o estimatedf women w ethatre c lessircu mthancise d1% in ofT anwomenzania. were circumcised in Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga while approx- PhysicalShinyanga Violence while approximately 15% of women were circumcised in Tanzania.. Physicalimate Violencely 15% o f women were circumcised in Tanzania. Physical In 2010, Violence close to half of women aged 15—49 years had ever experienced physical violence in Kagera and Mwanza with a Physical In 2010, Violence close to half of women aged 15—49 years had ever experienced physical violence in Kagera and Mwanza with a • quarterIn 2010, in Shinyanga close to region,half of compared women aged to 39% 15—49 at the national years had level. ever experienced physical violence in Kagera  Inquarter 2010,and Mwanza closein Shinyanga to half with of region, womena quarter compared aged in 15Shinyanga —to49 39% years at theregion, had national ever compared experienced level. to physical 39% at violence the national in Kagera level. and Mwanza with a Sexual Violence SexualSexualquarter Violence Violenc in Shinyanga e region, compared to 39% at the national level.  Close to a quarter of women aged 15 –49 years were estimated to have ever experienced sexual violence in Kagera and Sexual• Close CloseViolence to ato quarter a quarter of women of women aged 15aged –49 15 years –49 were years estimated were estimated to have everto have experienced ever experienced sexual violence sexual in Kagera and Mwanza in 2010 in comparison to 17% at the national level. violence in Kagera and Mwanza in 2010 in comparison to 17% at the national level.  CloseMwanza to a inquarter 2010 inof comparison women aged to 15 17% –49 at years the national were estimated level. to have ever experienced sexual violence in Kagera and Table 4: Gender Based Violence Indicators TableTable4:Mwanza 4: Gender Gender in 2010Based Based in Violence comparison Violence Indicators toIndicators 17% at the national level. Women committed physical Female Genital Ever experienced Ever experienced Ever experienced emotional, TableRegion 4: Gender Based Violence Indicators Womenviolence committedagainst husbands/ physical MutilationFemale Genital (%) physicalEver experienced violence (%) Eversexual experienced violence (%) Everphysical experienced or sexual emotional,violence (%) Region violencepartners against(%) husbands/ Mutilation (%) physical violence (%) sexual violence (%) physical or sexual violence (%) Women committed physical Female Genital Ever experienced Ever experienced Ever experienced emotional, partners (%) RegionKagera ~ 0.8 49.7 25.9 64.2 violence against0.4 husbands/ Kagera~ Mutilation0.8 (%) physical violence49.7 (%) sexual violence25.9 (%) physical or sexual64.2 violence (%) 0.4 Mwanza~ 0.9 43.8 24.3 60.0 partners (%) 1.3 Mwanza~ 0.9 43.8 24.3 60.0 1.3 KageraShinyanga~ ~ 0.80.3 49.725.4 25.95.1 64.228.5 0.41.2 Shinyanga~ 0.3 25.4 5.1 28.5 1.2 MwanzaNational~ 0.915.0 43.839.2 24.317.2 60.050.2 1.32.4 ShinyangaNational ~ 0.315.0 25.439.2 5.117.2 28.550.2 1.22.4 NationalSource: Tanzania Demographic15.0 Health Survey 201039.2 17.2 50.2 2.4 Source: Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2010

Source: Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2010 Though the rate of gender based violence in Though the rate of gender based violence in Geita, (physical violence, female genital muti- Geita, (physical violence, female genital muti- Thoughlation theand ratesexual of genderviolence) based is lower violence than inthe lation and sexual violence) is lower than the ThoughGeita,national the (physical rateaverage; ofviolence, gender it is still female based concerning. genital muti- violencelationnational in and Geita, average;sexual (physical violence) it is still violence,is concerning.lower than the femalenational genital average; mutilation it is still and concerning. sexual violence) is lower than the national average; it is still concerning.

Note:Source: Geita Tanzania was Demographic part of Kagera,Health Survey Mwanza 2010 and Shinyanga regions prior to March 2012 Source: Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2010

Source:~Note: Tanzania Geita Demographic was part Health of Kagera,Survey 2010 Mwanza and Shinyanga regions prior to March 2012 ~Note: Geita was part of Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga regions prior to March 2012

~Note: Geita was part of Kagera, Mwanza and Shinyanga regions prior to March 2012 Website: http://www.unfpa.org | http://www.countryoffice.unfpa.org/tanzania/