DOCSLIB.ORG

Chinax Course Notes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chinax Course Notes ChinaX Course Notes If you copy this document, please do not remove this disclaimer These are the class notes of Dave Pomerantz, a student in the HarvardX/EdX MOOC course entitled ChinaX. My ChinaX id is simply DavePomerantz. First, a very big thank you to Professors Peter Bol and Bill Kirby, to the visiting lecturers who appear in the videos and to the ChinaX staff for assembling such a marvelous course. The notes contain copyrighted material from the ChinaX course. Any inaccuracies are purely my own. The notes for Part 1 are here The notes for Part 2 are here. The notes for Part 3 are here. ChinaX Part 4 A New National Culture Page 1 of 49 Table of Contents Part 4: A New National Culture ................................................................................................................................. 4 16: From Early to Later Imperial China .................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 Historical Overview............................................................................................................................................... 5 Periodization and the Tang-Song Transition ......................................................................................................... 6 How should we divide historic time? ................................................................................................................ 6 No single overriding principle ........................................................................................................................... 7 Changed Foreign Relations, Changed China: 750 and 1050 ................................................................................. 8 Tang ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Liao.................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Tanguts .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Keeping the Peace with Brother States .............................................................................................................. 8 Changes at Home: Reconfiguration of Domestic Power and Wealth .................................................................... 9 Population, North and South ............................................................................................................................. 9 Centers of Wealth Expanding in the South ........................................................................................................ 9 Southern climate advantage ............................................................................................................................... 9 Southern water transit advantage ....................................................................................................................... 9 Southern priorities differed .............................................................................................................................. 10 Differing styles of governance ........................................................................................................................ 10 Commerce and Urbanization ............................................................................................................................... 11 A Tale of Two Cities ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Commerce ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 Taxes ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 A Shifting Social and Political Elite .................................................................................................................... 14 Who are the elite? ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Elite culture has become ideological ............................................................................................................... 14 Tang - Song Transition - The An Lushan Rebellion ........................................................................................... 15 Late Tang - Changes at Home and Abroad ......................................................................................................... 16 Shrinking Borders and a Shifting Economic Base........................................................................................... 16 Regional Development .................................................................................................................................... 16 Ancient Style Movement ................................................................................................................................. 16 Huang Chao Rebellion .................................................................................................................................... 16 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................................... 17 17: Transforming Society Through Government..................................................................................................... 18 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 18 A Changing China, A Changing World: Song in 1050 CE ................................................................................. 19 The Civil Service Exam ................................................................................................................................... 19 How Can Government Serve the Common Good? .......................................................................................... 20 Readings .............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Han Yu: Essentials of the Moral Way (Yuandao) ........................................................................................... 20 Liu Zongyuan: “Essay On Enfeoffment” ........................................................................................................ 20 Ouyang Xiu: Essay On Fundamentals (Benlun) .............................................................................................. 21 Wang Anshi ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Wang Anshi's Precepts .................................................................................................................................... 21 Wang Anshi's Policies ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Impact of the Policies ...................................................................................................................................... 22 What is Wang Anshi Trying to Accomplish? .................................................................................................. 22 Waterwheel Painting ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Sima Guang ......................................................................................................................................................... 24 Discussion Forum (YvaWong and Dougma) ...................................................................................................... 25 YvaWong ........................................................................................................................................................ 25 Dougma ........................................................................................................................................................... 26 YvaWong's Reply to Dougma ......................................................................................................................... 26 My own question to YvaWong ........................................................................................................................ 27 ChinaX Part 4 A New National Culture Page 2 of 49 YvaWong's Reply to Me ................................................................................................................................. 27 My Reply to YvaWong ................................................................................................................................... 29 18: The Neo-Confucianism Movement ................................................................................................................... 30
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Case Study of Liu Zongyuan's Poem River Snow
    Document généré le 29 sept. 2021 06:47 TTR Traduction, terminologie, re?daction Perception and Cognition in Translating Chinese Landscape Poetry : A Case Study of Liu Zongyuan’s poem River Snow Chunshen Zhu Poésie, cognition, traduction I Résumé de l'article Poetry, Cognition, Translation I La perception et la cognition dans les traductions de la poésie chinoise du Volume 12, numéro 1, 1er semestre 1999 paysage : cas du poème River Snow de Liu Zongyuan — Cet article, basé sur la dichotomie heideggerienne de la pensée calculative par opposition à la pensée URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/037358ar méditative et sur la psychologie des arts visuels de Arnheim, propose que la DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/037358ar pensée d'un poème est celle d'un lecteur et que c'est la méditation inspirée par le poème qui détermine sa vraie nature. Par le biais de l'étude d'un poème classique chinois, nous tenterons de démontrer comment la formulation Aller au sommaire du numéro textuelle d'un poème oriente la pensée du lecteur. Ainsi pour traduire le caractère poétique d'un poème, le traducteur doit aborder le texte de départ l'esprit « vide » en se laissant imprégner par la pensée méditative offerte par le Éditeur(s) poème, c'est-à-dire en refusant la pensée calculative qui tente de représenter les objets dans leur matérialité, afin de produire un texte en langue d'arrivée Association canadienne de traductologie qui provoquera aussi chez le lecteur une pensée méditative. ISSN 0835-8443 (imprimé) 1708-2188 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Zhu, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideophones in Middle Chinese
    KU LEUVEN FACULTY OF ARTS BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BOX 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË ! Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas'Van'Hoey' ' Presented(in(fulfilment(of(the(requirements(for(the(degree(of(( Master(of(Arts(in(Linguistics( ( Supervisor:(prof.(dr.(Jean=Christophe(Verstraete((promotor)( ( ( Academic(year(2014=2015 149(431(characters Abstract (English) Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas Van Hoey This M.A. thesis investigates ideophones in Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) Middle Chinese (Sinitic, Sino- Tibetan) from a typological perspective. Ideophones are defined as a set of words that are phonologically and morphologically marked and depict some form of sensory image (Dingemanse 2011b). Middle Chinese has a large body of ideophones, whose domains range from the depiction of sound, movement, visual and other external senses to the depiction of internal senses (cf. Dingemanse 2012a). There is some work on modern variants of Sinitic languages (cf. Mok 2001; Bodomo 2006; de Sousa 2008; de Sousa 2011; Meng 2012; Wu 2014), but so far, there is no encompassing study of ideophones of a stage in the historical development of Sinitic languages. The purpose of this study is to develop a descriptive model for ideophones in Middle Chinese, which is compatible with what we know about them cross-linguistically. The main research question of this study is “what are the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of ideophones in Middle Chinese?” This question is studied in terms of three parameters, viz. the parameters of form, of meaning and of use.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    On A Snowy Night: Yishan Yining (1247-1317) and the Development of Zen Calligraphy in Medieval Japan Xiaohan Du Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2021 © 2021 Xiaohan Du All Rights Reserved Abstract On A Snowy Night: Yishan Yining (1247-1317) and the Development of Zen Calligraphy in Medieval Japan Xiaohan Du This dissertation is the first monographic study of the monk-calligrapher Yishan Yining (1247- 1317), who was sent to Japan in 1299 as an imperial envoy by Emperor Chengzong (Temur, 1265-1307. r. 1294-1307), and achieved unprecedented success there. Through careful visual analysis of his extant oeuvre, this study situates Yishan’s calligraphy synchronically in the context of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy at the turn of the 14th century and diachronically in the history of the relationship between calligraphy and Buddhism. This study also examines Yishan’s prolific inscriptional practice, in particular the relationship between text and image, and its connection to the rise of ink monochrome landscape painting genre in 14th century Japan. This study fills a gap in the history of Chinese calligraphy, from which monk- calligraphers and their practices have received little attention. It also contributes to existing Japanese scholarship on bokuseki by relating Zen calligraphy to religious and political currents in Kamakura Japan. Furthermore, this study questions the validity of the “China influences Japan” model in the history of calligraphy and proposes a more fluid and nuanced model of synthesis between the wa and the kan (Japanese and Chinese) in examining cultural practices in East Asian culture.
    [Show full text]
  • ETMHS19192.Pdf
    2019 5th International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science (ETMHS 2019) Liu Zongyuan's Buddhist Thought on the World and the Construction of a Clean Government Wang Yushu Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin, 137000, China Keywords: Liu Zongyuan; Human Buddhism; Construction of a Clean Government Abstract: Due to the times and personal circumstances, Liu Zongyuan believes in Buddhism and is proficient in Buddhism. His poems are mostly related to Buddhism and belong to the disciples of Tiantai. On the basis of “being born“, Chinese Zen has incorporated more “accession to the WTO“ concept, until the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, through the promotion of the masters of Taixu, Yinshun and Nebula, has become “human Buddhism“. Liu Zongyuan's thought of human Buddhism fits in with a series of theories of governing the country, such as anti-corruption, building a service-oriented people's government, fighting iron and so on. 1. Introduction Liu Zongyuan, a Tang Dynasty writer and thinker, has made outstanding achievements in literary career and theoretical exploration. In his teenage years, he worked as Jixian Dian Zhengzi, Lantian County Lieutenant and Ritual Officer, Wai Lang and so on. With the prosperity of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty, the emperors who Liu Zongyuan experienced believed in Buddhism, and the number of folk monks and temples was large, the trend of worshipping Buddhism in the court and the field was full. In this context, Liu Zongyuan's mother, wife and father-in-law all believe in Buddhism. Liu Zongyuan kept close contact with Buddhist monks whether he was an official in the dynasty or demoted to the south.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese Traditional Acceptance of Information from the View of Contemporary Communication Theory
    The Chinese Traditional Acceptance of Information from the View of Contemporary Communication Theory Shao Peiren Fellow of Academic Committee of Zhejiang University, Deputy Director for the Faculty of Humanities, Zhejiang University, Director for Institute of Communication Studies, Zhejiang University, and PhD. candidate supervisor. Communication School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028 Telephone :(86) 0571-8827-3032 Email: [email protected] Abstract Language is proper to mankind, the externalization of human kindness. Because of it what an audience accepts is his self-portrait, we can analyze and get to know the state, rules and characteristics of Chinese ancient audience thorough traditional information acceptance concept and the interpretation. We can get that “Guan”, “Wei” and “Wen” is special Chinese acceptance concept by the ways of basing on the textual research, discrimination and organization of various concepts of acceptance of information at one end and analyzing and reasoning of relevant information and contemporary research achievements at the other end. The emotions of these three concepts reflect the ancient Chinese unique acceptance state and the quintessence of the dated brightness comes through them. This paper also shows five chief notes: (1), piety and seriousness; (2) chewing and repetition; (3) subtila and depth; (4) hierarchy and progress; (5) contact and peep. “It is language that makes human being what he is. He who can not use a language can not be regarded as a true man”. Language, original and peculiar to human, is the element and the code of information dissemination; is the hallmark and characteristic of mankind. And at the same time it is a psychological weapon used by men in knowing the world, reflecting the world and in remoulding the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Discover the Traditional Chinese Poetry
    Discover The Traditional Chinese Poetry The word ‘poetry’ is derived from the Greek word ‘poesies’, which means ‘to make’. Poetry is a creation of man; hence, it has derived its name from this Greek word. China is famous for its cultural heritage and traditional Chinese poetry. This country has seen more than 20 dynasties of which the Tang dynasty witnessed a large number of featured authors. Traditionally, most of the poetries were rhymed. China is not only known for its poetry, it is also famous for classical Chinese texts written by famous philosophers like Confucius and Tao. Some of the famous poets of the Tang dynasty were Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Zhe, Su Shi, Su Xun, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong. Traditional Chinese poetry is divided into poetry and prose. It may seem complex for the modern generation since the techniques that are used may not be known easily. In this article, we shall throw light on the techniques and structure used in classic Chinese poems. Poetry is of different types like lyrical, narrative and dramatic. The techniques used for writing include free verse, pentameter, rhyme and versification. In ancient China, versification was used for writing poems. The versification principle uses metrical practice in poetry. Metrical practice refers to the use of meter in a poem. Poetic meter may be different according to the origins of a poem. Sometimes, the meter depends on the stress created on a word while at other times it may focus on the number of syllables used in the poem. A poetic form may be achieved in different ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Classifying the Zhuangzi Chapters
    Classifying the Zhuangzi Chapters Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies, no. 65 To John B. Elliotte Classifying the Zhuxmgzl Chapters Liu Xiaogan Center for Chinese Studies • The University of Michigan Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. MICHIGAN MONOGRAPHS IN CHINESE STUDIES SERIES ESTABLISHED 1968 Published by Center for Chinese Studies The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, 48104-1608 © 1994 by Center for Chinese Studies Translated by William E. Savage Cover design by Heidi Dailey Printed and made in the United States of America © The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence for Publications and Documents in Libraries and Archives ANSI/NISO/Z39.48—1992. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Liu Xiaogan, 1947- Classifying the Zhuangzi chapters / by Liu Xiaogan. p. cm.—(Michigan monographs in Chinese Studies ; no. 65) Includes bibliographic references and index. ISBN 0-89264-164-9 (paper : acid-free paper). 1. Chuang-tzu. Nan-hua ching. 2. Lao-tzu. Tao te ching. I.Title. II. Series. BL1900.C576L5863 1994 299'. 51482—dc20 93-50079 CIP ISBN 978-0-89264-106-2 (hardcover) ISBN 978-0-89264-164-2 (paper) ISBN 978-0-472-12739-9 (ebook) ISBN 978-0-472-90134-0 (open access) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries http://ijmmu.com [email protected] International Journal of Multicultural ISSN 2364-5369 Volume 6, Issue 4 and Multireligious Understanding August, 2019 Pages: 92-101 The Zen Relationship between Chinese Poetry and American Poetry Zhu Lihong; Wang Feng* School of Foreign Studies, Yangtze University, Hubei, China * [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i4.952 Abstract Zen has become especially popular after 1950 and the Zen craze of East Asia not only has become a kind of belief but also a way of life in America. Many American writers introduce, advocate, and concentrate on their Zen, and even go to the East to learn Zen. They applied the ideology, content and allusions of Chinese Zen to their works, so they have a close relationship with Chinese Zen. This article aims to analyze the poems of Kenneth Rexroth, Anthony Piccione, Gary Snyder and James P. Lenfesty to explore the mysterious relationship between Chinese and American poetry. These poets imitate the quiet beauty, wild freedom or orthodox of Zen poetry. Furthermore, each of them forms their own writing characteristics, thus creating a new realm of American poetry. Keywords: Chinese classical poetry; American poetry; Zen 1. Introduction At the beginning of the 20th century, Western culture was continuously introduced into the East, and eastern thoughts were quietly introduced into the West at a slower rate. Zen thought took this opportunity to begin its travel in America. In the 1930s and 1940s, the scholars of the East and West translated a large number of Buddhist doctrines.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghosts Seeking Substitutes: Female Suicide and Repetition
    Female Suicide and Repetition 1 GHOSTS SEEKING SUBSTITUTES: FEMALE SUICIDE AND REPETITION Rania Huntington In late imperial Chinese ghost tales, the victims of certain kinds of untimely death, including some methods of suicide, become ghosts who seek out mor- tals to take their places. If such a ghost can incite another to die by the same means that she died, then she will be freed from suffering as a ghost and can be reborn. They and their replacements are often, but are not exclusively, fe- male. Responsibility for the suicides in which the ghosts are involved varies from story to story, and may be ambiguous: the ghosts may be portrayed as essential causes of suicide, or as taking advantage of deaths that would have happened in any case. The seeking of substitutes may be portrayed as primar- ily the independent action of the ghost, or as sanctioned by other sources of authority. Commonly there is more than one cause for a particular death, with human despair and ghostly infl uence compounding one another. The ghost of a suicide seeking a substitute is terrifying largely because of the expansion of personal vengeance to general malevolence. A wronged ghost who takes revenge on the living person who wronged him or her, the more common and ancient fi gure, can be a force of terrifying violence, but that violence is contained by equations of moral justice and injustice. One of the central organizing concepts of the Chinese imaginary cosmos is bao, repayment or retribution, which may take the form of either heavenly or personal repay- ment of past good and evil deeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Materialism in Medieval China: the Cases of Liu Zongyuan (773-819) and Li Gou (1009-1059)
    Asian Philosophy An International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/casp20 Historical materialism in medieval China: The cases of Liu Zongyuan (773-819) and Li Gou (1009-1059) Dawid Rogacz To cite this article: Dawid Rogacz (2021): Historical materialism in medieval China: The cases of Liu Zongyuan (773-819) and Li Gou (1009-1059), Asian Philosophy, DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2021.1924437 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09552367.2021.1924437 Published online: 07 May 2021. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=casp20 ASIAN PHILOSOPHY https://doi.org/10.1080/09552367.2021.1924437 Historical materialism in medieval China: The cases of Liu Zongyuan (773-819) and Li Gou (1009-1059) Dawid Rogacz Faculty of Philosophy, Adam Mickiewieicz University, Poznan, Poland ABSTRACT KEYWORDS It is commonly assumed that historical materialism was first developed by Historical materialism; Liu Karl Marx, whose philosophy is often equated with this idea. The following Zongyuan; Li Gou; Neo- paper challenges this opinion by showing that historical materialism, Confucianism; feudalism understood as a general position within the philosophy of history, can be traced back to two generally unheralded Chinese thinkers: Liu Zongyuan (773–819) and Li Gou (1009–1059). Historical materialism is here under­ stood as a standpoint built on three tenets: (1) a belief in the dependence of culture on the material fundaments of social life; (2) the interpretation of human history through the prism of structural transformations; and (3) understanding political and economic relationships in terms of antagonism between social groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Chinese Literature
    Introduction to Chinese Literature Fall 2005: EAS 232 Professor: Martin Kern (mkern@) Survey of classical Chinese literature. All readings are in English. Topics include: nature of the Chinese language; the beginnings of poetry; development of narrative and historical writing; classical Chinese poetics; nature poetry; literature of protest, dissent, and political satire; love poetry; religious and philosophical ideas in Chinese literature. (LA) Requirements Active and informed participation, based on the readings, in the weekly precept. Writings: 1. two-page weekly essays on a primary text of your choice, due on precept day; 2. eight page mid-term paper (due October 27); 3. twelve page final paper (due January 17). Grading Class participation and weekly writings 40 %. Mid-term paper 20 %. Final paper 40 %. Readings Readings average ca. 100 pages per week. You must read all assigned texts before precept. The principal textbook is Stephen Owen, An Anthology of Chinese Literature (New York: Norton, 1996), to be purchased at the University Store. In addition to the textbook and secondary readings, the following title is strongly recommended for historical background: Jacques Gernet, A History of Chinese Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. 1996 [and later]). As the semester proceeds, read the relevant parts of pp. 1-348. The book is available at the University Store. Readings on reserve (hard copy) in the East Asian Library (3rd floor of Frist Campus Center): Owen, An Anthology of Chinese Literature; Gernet, A History of Chinese Civilization; Wang, From Ritual to Allegory; Graham, Chuang-tzu; Durrant, The Cloudy Mirror. All other readings are on E-reserve and can be accessed either through the Blackboard course site or at http://infoshare1.princeton.edu/reserves/elecres.html.
    [Show full text]
  • Cht 3110 Chinese Literary Heritage
    CHT 3110 CHINESE LITERARY HERITAGE University of Florida (Fall 2019) [3 credits] <LLC-Chinese> Class Number: 11427 / Gen Ed: Humanities, International TIME: M,W,F (12:50 PM - 1:40 PM) / PLACE: MAT 0102 Dr. Stephan N. Kory ([email protected]) Office Hours : MW 11:50-12:20, 2:00-3:00 (Pugh 304) COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course introduces China’s literary heritage in translation. It surveys major works, movements, and genres of Chinese literature from their beginnings to the early modern period. Readings consist of primary texts in English translation and secondary critical studies. Particular attention will be paid to the development of important literary themes, practices, and conventions. We will read poetry, rhapsodies, letters, biographical and hagiographical accounts, tales of the strange, critical treatises, dramas, and novels. Students are required to read, question what they read, participate in all class discussions, and complete all graded work. <GenEd Humanities/International> REQUIREMENTS (I–IV) (I) ATTEND CLASS AND PARTICIPATE IN CLASS DISCUSSION Everyone is expected to come to class with at least one informed question, argument, or insight mined from each and every reading. This is OUR course, and your active participation is vital. Three unexcused absences are allowed. Every unexcused absence after our three ‘freebies’ will result in a two (2) point reduction from your final point total (/100). More than eight unexcused absences will result in automatic withdrawal from the course (or an F). Tardiness is discouraged. If you are more than 15 minutes late for class, it is an absence. Excused absences must be documented and emergencies should be brought to my attention as soon as possible.
    [Show full text]