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Hamurabi Wikipedia Article
Hamurabi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1/17/12 3:18 PM Hamurabi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hamurabi is a text-based game of land and resource management and is one of the earliest computer games. Its name is a shortening of Hammurabi, reduced to fit an eight-character limit. Contents 1 History 2 Gameplay 3 Influence 4 References 5 External links History Doug Dyment wrote The Sumer Game in 1968 as a demonstration program for the FOCAL programming language, programming it on a DEC PDP-8. The game has often been inaccurately attributed to Richard Merrill, the designer of FOCAL. Once a version of BASIC was released for the PDP-8, David H. Ahl ported it to BASIC. The game spread beyond mainframes when Ahl published an expanded version of it in BASIC Computer Games, the first best-selling computer book.[1] The expanded version was renamed Hamurabi [sic] and added an end-of-game performance appraisal.[2] This version was then ported to many different microcomputers. Gameplay Like many BASIC games of the time, Hamurabi was mainly a game of numeric input. As the ruler, the player could buy and sell land, purchase grain and decide how much grain to release to his kingdom. Scott Rosenberg, in Dreaming in Code, wrote of his encounter with the game:[3] I was fifteen years old and in love with a game called Sumer, which put me in charge of an ancient city-state in the Fertile Crescent. Today's computer gamers might snicker at its crudity: its progress consisted of all-capital type pecked out line by line on a paper scroll. -
STAR TREK the TOUR Take a Tour Around the Exhibition
R starts CONTents STAR TREK THE TOUR Take a tour around the exhibition. 2 ALL THOSE WONDERFUL THINGS.... More than 430 items of memorabilia are on show. 10 MAGIC MOMENTS A gallery of great Star Trek moments. 12 STAR TREK Kirk, Spock, McCoy et al – relive the 1960s! 14 STAR TREK: THE NEXT GENERATION The 24th Century brought into focus through the eyes of 18 Captain Picard and his crew. STAR TREK: DEEP SPACE NINE Wormholes and warriors at the Alpha Quadrant’s most 22 desirable real estate. STAR TREK: VOYAGER Lost. Alone. And desperate to get home. Meet Captain 26 Janeway and her fearless crew. STAR TREK: ENTERPRISE Meet the newest Starfleet crew to explore the universe. 30 STARSHIP SPECIAL Starfleet’s finest on show. 34 STAR TREK – THE MOVIES From Star Trek: The Motion Picture to Star Trek Nemesis. 36 STAR trek WELCOMING WORDS Welcome to Star TREK THE TOUR. I’m sure you have already discovered, as I have, that this event is truly a unique amalgamation of all the things that made Star Trek a phenomenon. My own small contribution to this legendary story has continued to be a source of great pride to me during my career, and although I have been fortunate enough to have many other projects to satisfy the artist in me, I have nevertheless always felt a deep and visceral connection to the show. But there are reasons why this never- ending story has endured. I have always believed that this special connection to Star Trek we all enjoy comes from the positive picture the stories consistently envision. -
Learning to Code
PART ILEARNING TO CODE How Important is Programming? “To understand computers is to know about programming. The world is divided… into people who have written a program and people who have not.” Ted Nelson, Computer Lib/Dream Machines (1974) How important is it for you to learn to program a computer? Since the introduction of the first digital electronic computers in the 1940s, people have answered this question in surprisingly different ways. During the first wave of commercial computing—in the 1950s and 1960s, when 1large and expensive mainframe computers filled entire rooms—the standard advice was that only a limited number of specialists would be needed to program com- puters using simple input devices like switches, punched cards, and paper tape. Even during the so-called “golden age” of corporate computing in America—the mid- to late 1960s—it was still unclear how many programming technicians would be needed to support the rapid computerization of the nation’s business, military, and commercial operations. For a while, some experts thought that well-designed computer systems might eventually program themselves, requiring only a handful of attentive managers to keep an eye on the machines. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, however, the rapid emergence of personal computers (PCs), and continuing shortages of computer professionals, shifted popular thinking on the issue. When consumers began to adopt low-priced PCs like the Apple II (1977), the IBM PC (1981), and the Commodore 64 (1982) by the millions, it seemed obvious that ground-breaking changes were afoot. The “PC Revolution” opened up new frontiers, employed tens of thousands of people, and (according to some enthusiasts) demanded new approaches to computer literacy. -
Open Tunney.Thesis.Pdf
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF FILM-VIDEO AND MEDIA STUDIES THE EVOLUTION OF UHURA: REPRESENTATIONS OF WOMEN IN TREK KRISTEN TUNNEY Fall 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Film-Video with honors in Media Studies Reviewed and approved* by the following: Jeanne Lynn Hall Associate Professor of Communications Thesis Supervisor Barbara Bird Associate Professor of Communications Honors Adviser Paula Droege Lecturer in Philosophy Third Reader * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i Abstract: The Evolution of Uhura: Representations of Women in Trek will be a primarily textual character analysis* of the ways in which the character of Uhura has evolved and transformed over the past forty years. In the paper, I claim that Trek films have always had both positive and negative representations of women, and that ―NuTrek‖ fails and succeeds in ways that are different from but comparable to those of ―classic‖ Trek. I will devote the first half of my paper to Uhura‘s portrayal in Star Treks I through VI. The second half of my research will focus on the newest film, Star Trek (2009). I will attempt to explain the character‘s evolution as well as to critique the ways in which NuTrek featuring the Original Series characters manages to simultaneously triumph and fail at representing the true diversity of women. * my interpretation of how different characters can be ―read‖ as either positive or negative representations of gender; my own interpretation will be compared and contrasted with that of other Trek scholars, and I will be citing sources both in feminist literature and media studies literature (and some combinations) to back up my own conclusions about the films. -
Basic: the Language That Started a Revolution
TUTORIAL BASIC BASIC: THE LANGUAGE THAT TUTORIAL STARTED A REVOLUTION Explore the language that powered the rise of the microcomputer – JULIET KEMP including the BBC Micro, the Sinclair ZX80, the Commodore 64 et al. ike many of my generation, BASIC was the first John Kemeny, who spent time working on the WHY DO THIS? computer language I ever wrote. In my case, it Manhattan Project during WWII, and was inspired by • Learn the Python of was on a Sharp MZ-700 (integral tape drive, John von Neumann (as seen in Linux Voice 004), was its day L very snazzy) hooked up to my grandma’s old black chair of the Dartmouth Mathematics Department • Gain common ground with children of the 80s and white telly. For other people it was on a BBC from 1955 to 1967 (he was later president of the • Realise how easy we’ve Micro, or a Spectrum, or a Commodore. BASIC, college). One of his chief interests was in pioneering got it nowadays explicitly designed to make computers more computer use for ‘ordinary people’ – not just accessible to general users, has been around since mathematicians and physicists. He argued that all 1964, but it was the microcomputer boom of the late liberal arts students should have access to computing 1970s and early 1980s that made it so hugely popular. facilities, allowing them to understand at least a little And in various dialects and BASIC-influenced about how a computer operated and what it would do; languages (such as Visual Basic), it’s still around and not computer specialists, but generalists with active today. -
Fifty Years in Home Computing, the Digital Computer and Its Private Use(Er)S
International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems ISSN: 1744-5760 (Print) 1744-5779 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gpaa20 Fifty years in home computing, the digital computer and its private use(er)s Stefan Höltgen To cite this article: Stefan Höltgen (2020) Fifty years in home computing, the digital computer and its private use(er)s, International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 35:2, 170-184, DOI: 10.1080/17445760.2019.1597085 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2019.1597085 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 26 Mar 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 354 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=gpaa20 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL, EMERGENT AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2020, VOL. 35, NO. 2, 170–184 https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2019.1597085 Fifty years in home computing, the digital computer and its private use(er)s Stefan Höltgen Department for Musicology and Media Science, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The following chapter will discuss the relation between home computer his- Received 13 March 2019 tory and computer programming – with a focus on game programming. Accepted 16 March 2019 The nurseries of the early 1980s are the origins of the later computer game KEYWORDS industry and the private use of microcomputers becomes an essential part Homecomputer; computer of the ‘playful’ exploration and emancipation of technology. -
Beginning Microsoft® Small Basic
® Beginning Microsoft Small Basic ® ® ® ™ Plus a Porting Guide to Microsoft Visual Basic , C# , and Java © PHILIP CONROD & LOU TYLEE, 2010 Kidware Software PO Box 701 Maple Valley, WA 98038 http://www.computerscienceforkids.com http://www.kidwaresoftware.com Copyright © 2010 by Philip Conrod & Lou Tylee. All rights reserved Kidware Software PO Box 701 Maple Valley, Washington 98038 1.425.413.1185 www.kidwaresoftware.com www.computerscienceforkids.com www.biblebytebooks.com All Rights Reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN-13: 978-1-937161-19-4 Book Cover Illustration by Kevin Brockschmidt Copy Editor: Stephanie Conrod This copy of the Beginning Microsoft Small Basic book and the associated software is licensed to a single user. Copies of the course are not to be distributed or provided to any other user. Multiple copy licenses are available for educational institutions. Please contact Kidware Software for school site license information. This guide was developed for the course, “Beginning Microsoft Small Basic,” produced by Kidware Software, Maple Valley, Washington. It is not intended to be a complete reference to the Small Basic language. Please consult the Microsoft website for detailed reference information. This guide refers to several software and hardware products by their trade names. These references are for informational purposes only and all trademarks are the property of their respective companies and owners. Microsoft, Visual Studio, Small Basic, Visual Basic, Visual J#, and Visual C#, IntelliSense, Word, Excel, MSDN, and Windows are all trademark products of the Microsoft Corporation. -
Nichelle Nichols (Lt. Uhura) Wants to Make Science of Star Trek Reality," Sun·Herald, June 4, 1977, N.P., Nichols Bio File, NASA HQ
More Than "Just Uhura" Understanding Star Trek's Lt. Uhura, Civil Rights, and Space History Margaret A. Weitekamp s the scene opens on an isolated roadhouse bar, the viewers' A first glimpse inside the establishment reveals a tall, attractive woman striding confidently toward a set of swinging doors, her profile reflected in the photographs hanging along the hallway. As she pushes through the doors, the music booms. She greets some friends at a table and heads straight for the bar, her long hair swing ing behind her, her step in time with the music. At the bar, she places a large order of drinks with alien-sounding names. Her good time with her fellow Starfleet cadets is interrupted, however, when a young man, a local, whom the viewers recognize as an inebriated James T. Kirk, starts hitting on her, trying to buy her a drink: "Her shot's on me," he directs the bartender. "Her shot's on her," she answers. 'Thanks, but no thanks." As they banter, she remains unflustered, an equal in the verbal spar ring. When Kirk asks her for her name, she replies, "It's Uhura." 22 MORE THAN " JUST UHURA" 23 The author with actress Nichelle Nichols, who gave an interview for this chapter, in the National Air and Space Museum's art gallery. "Uhura what?" "Just Uhura," she replies. Her brush-off answer is an inside joke for Star Trek fans: in the original 1960s television show, her char acter never had a first name. (Kirk's quest to learn her full name became a running joke throughout the 2009 film .) But Kirk refuses to be deterred by her rebuffs. -
From Electronic to Video Gaming (Computing in Canada: Historical
From Electronic to Video Gaming (Computing in Canada: Historical Assessment Update) Sharing the Fun: Video Games in Canada, 1950-2015 Canada Science and Technology Museum Version 2 — January 30, 2015 Jean-Louis Trudel 1 Introduction Why is the playing of games so important? Even today, the approximately two billion dollars generated in GDP for the Canadian economy by the indigenous video game industry is far outweighed by the $155 billion in annual revenues of the overall information and communications technology (ICT) field. Similarly, while the video game industry may claim about 16,000 employees, the entire ICT sector employs over 520,000 Canadians. 1 Yet, 65 video game and computer science programs have sprung up in Canadian colleges and universities to cater to this new field where 97% of new graduate hires happen within Canada. 2 Furthermore, electronic gaming has become a pervasive form of entertainment, with 61% of Canadian households reporting by 2012 that they owned at least one game console and about 30% of Canadians playing every single day. 3 With the increasing adoption of mobile platforms (smartphones, tablets) available for use throughout the day, that percentage is expected to rise. Indeed, by 2014, 54% of Canadians had played a computer or video game within the past four weeks. 4 Therefore, paying attention to an industry that is able to capture the attention of so many Canadians on a regular basis is a recognition of its catering to a very deep-seated human instinct, sometimes identified as a neotenous feature rooted in early hominid evolution. Playfulness has long been recognized as a basic wellspring of human existence. -
''Star Trek: the Original Series'': Season 3
''Star Trek: The Original Series'': Season 3 PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 13 Mar 2014 18:19:48 UTC Contents Articles Season Overview 1 Star Trek: The Original Series (season 3) 1 1968–69 Episodes 5 Spock's Brain 5 The Enterprise Incident 8 The Paradise Syndrome 12 And the Children Shall Lead 16 Is There in Truth No Beauty? 19 Spectre of the Gun 22 Day of the Dove 25 For the World Is Hollow and I Have Touched the Sky 28 The Tholian Web 32 Plato's Stepchildren 35 Wink of an Eye 38 The Empath 41 Elaan of Troyius 44 Whom Gods Destroy 47 Let That Be Your Last Battlefield 50 The Mark of Gideon 53 That Which Survives 56 The Lights of Zetar 58 Requiem for Methuselah 61 The Way to Eden 64 The Cloud Minders 68 The Savage Curtain 71 All Our Yesterdays 74 Turnabout Intruder 77 References Article Sources and Contributors 81 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 83 Article Licenses License 84 1 Season Overview Star Trek: The Original Series (season 3) Star Trek: The Original Series (season 3) Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Broadcast Original channel NBC Original run September 20, 1968 – June 3, 1969 Home video release DVD release Region 1 December 14, 2004 (Original) November 18, 2008 (Remastered) Region 2 December 6, 2004 (Original) April 27, 2009 (Remastered) Blu-ray Disc release Region A December 15, 2009 Region B March 22, 2010 Season chronology ← Previous Season 2 Next → — List of Star Trek: The Original Series episodes The third and final season of the original Star Trek aired Fridays at 10:00-11:00 pm (EST) on NBC from September 20, 1968 to March 14, 1969. -
The Irruption of Vulcan Pon Farr As Unleashment of Jung's Shadow
Victor Grech The Irruption of Vulcan Pon Farr as Unleashment of Jung’s Shadow * We go home. Every seven years of our adult life, Vulcans proper time, we would both be drawn,” resulting in a permanent experience an instinctual, irresistible urge to return to the emphatic bond (“Amok Time”). The bonding occurs after the homeworld and take a mate. individual’s kahs-wan, a Vulcan maturity test in which preteens are —Vorik, Star Trek Voyager, “Blood Fever” left alone to survive for ten days without food, water, or weapons in Vulcan’s Forge, a vast and extremely inhospitable desert canyon Vulcan philosophy (Sutherland: “Yesteryear”). Vulcans are fictional, humanoid, extraterrestrial aliens, integral There is a finite window of opportunity for action after the members and a founding race of the United Federation of Planets onset of pon farr. When Spock goes into pon farr during a deep space in the Star Trek universe. Vulcans evolved on their home planet of mission, the ship’s doctor remonstrates with the captain: “If you don’t Vulcan, which orbits 40 Eridani A, a star that lies sixteen light years get him to Vulcan within a week, eight days at the outside, he’ll die” away from Earth. (“Amok Time”). Vulcans epitomize logic and are highly utilitarian and stoical. There are other physical and psychological manifestations to pon Stoicism was promulgated by Zeno of Citium (c. 334–c. 262 BC ), who farr, and these are initially noted by McCoy, the ship’s chief medical taught that emotions should be restrained by self-control and fortitude officer who remarks to the captain: since clarity of thought is crucial in understanding the universe. -
Star Trek Kraith Creator's Manual Vol 1.Pdf
kRAlTb CR6ATOR!s CDANUAL vol.i (^ kRAlTh CR6ATORS 0^ CDANUAL vol. February 16, 1973 The Kraith Creator's Manual is available from the editors for $1.50, Fourth class postage is included in the purchase price. First class postage rates available on request. EDITORS: Carol Lynn 11524 Nashville in£>gx Detroit, Michigan 48205 Unless otherwise indicated the author is Jacqueline Debbie Goldstein 17511 Ohio Index i Detroit, Michigan Author's Foreward • 2 48221 Editor's Foreward 3 Carol Lynn Open Letter I 4 Part I: Character Developement jp\ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The Kirk/Spock Relationship -- 5 The Spock/T'Aniyeh Relationship 7 Typing: The Ssarsun Biography 9 Carol Lynn Part II: Background: Theoretical Debbie Goldstein In Defense of T'Yuzeti 14 ->tppgtrsfomh: The Vulcan Realms 26 Carol Lynn A Trisomic Model for Kataytikhe Genetics 28 Debbie Goldstein John Benson Titles: Beads and Rattles ----- 32 John Benson Vulcanur Seme mica 34 Cover: Part III: Background: Story Detail Robbie Brown The Culling Flame 50 Interior Art: The Joys of Vulcan 53 Janice, Page 45 Humor 55 Elizabeth Dailey Celebration 59 pgs. 52,54,55,59 Part IV: Story Outlines The Linger Death 54 The Lesson ^5 Part V.: Kraith Exchange The Letter File 53 Kraith Creators Roster :— 75 Reccomended Reading 77 Fondly dedicated to the IBM typewriter repairman who never did come to fix the n, t, and h 1 keys that don't type until they have been used several hundred times, the a key that sticks, f^ and the ribbon holder that doesn't. (S\ AUTHORS f ORGUIORD ($t\ MAY YOU LIVE LONG AND PROSPER: You will notice that most of the wordage in.