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[)I = S-Aa Tsa Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 6, Nr 2, 1976. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za [)I = S-AA TSA "ZT - _E 11': VA~ ~IE ZA ~ The eventual establishment of the Transvaal State Artillery in 1881 represents the culmination of several attempts to create an orthodox European-style force to act as a core for the burger commandos in the field. 'The Pretoria Rifle Corps' the 'Batterij Dingaan' and various volunteer 'Schutzencorps' had all enjoyed a brief existence during the 1870's. The war of 1880-81, albeit successfully concluded, indicated the need for a more permanent and professional approach to the problem. The result was that the restored South African Republic raised its own artillery and mounted police corps in 1881, along the same lines as that of the Orange Free State. Various refoms were necessary in the first years of the corps' existence and certain changes of designation occurred. Only in 1890 was the money available to pui: the education and training of the State's artillerists on a sounder basis. In 1896 a further reorganisation resulted in the Corps adopting the form in which it would enter the Anglo-Boer War. For the next three years there was a considerable expansion in the number of per- sonnel and substantial purchases of equipment to prepare the 'Staats- Clrtillerie' for the increasingly likely event of war. When war did break out, the 'Staatsartillerie' was immediately in the front line, distin- guishing itself at the sieges of Ladysmih and Mafeking. The transition to a more mobile form of warfare in March 1900 made certain challt- ges necessary in the constitution of the unit however, and after Ber- gendal, the last pitched battle of the war, only light artillery was em- ployed by the commandos. Personnel of the 'Staatsartillerie' thus stayed in the field until the war's end and the Treaty of Vereeniging •. which marked the end of the 'Staatsartillerie', as well as that of the Republic which the unit had served. Ontstaan en Ontwikkeling niseer word. Artikel 81 van die grondwet het Die Afrikaner in pionier-Transvaal het, van- naamlik bepaal dat die President en lede van wee sy sterk individualisme, 'n diepgewortel- die Uitvoerende Raad vir die toesig oar die de afkeer van die krygsdiens as beroep g6- kruitmagasyne en kanonne van die Staat ver- had omdat hy dit nie kon duld am gere- antwoordelik sou wees." Van die bestaan van gimenteer te word nie. In krisistye was daar 'n artilleriekorps was daar nag geen sprake egter altyd genoeg vrywilligers am 'n tyde- nie, maar die instandhouding en die bedie- like artilleriekorps op die been te bring; dus ning van die kanonne tydens ekspedisies teen 'n nasionale mag in die ware sin van die oproerige Bantoestamme was die verantwoor- woore!. delikheid van verskeie 'kanonkommandante'. Vaal' 1860 het as sodanig gefungeer Johan- Teen die he/fte van die negentiende eeu is nes van Aswegen, Marthinus W. Brits, Mar- verskeie pogings aangewend am meer kanon- thinus Viljoen en Francois Alwyn Smit." Op ne tel' verdediging van die staat te bekom. laasgenoemde se pia as Skurweberg, naby In Oktober 1850 het die Volksraad byvoor- Pretoria, is 'n paar kanonne in vredestyd in beeld op Potchefstroom besluit am 'n kanon 'n skuur gehuisves. Moontlik kan hierin die van Stephanus Schoeman aan te koop, ter- begin van 'n staatsartillerie en van 'n eerste wyl kmdt-genl Andries Pretorius die Volks- militere organisasie in Pretoria gesien word.' raad in Junie 1852 goedkeuring vir die aan- Tydens die Burgeroorlog in Transvaal gedu- koop van twee kanonne gevra het. Twee rende die vroeg sestigerjare was die kanonne jaar later slaag M. W. Pretorius daarin am van die Staat ongeveer gelykop tussen die nag twee kanonne van die firma Evans en ondersteuners van Paul Kruger en Stephanus Churchill van Pretoria in die hande te kry. Schoeman verdeel. Die aanwesigheid van Ten tyde van die stigting van Pretoria in 1855 hierdie enkele stukke geskut aan beide kante was daar dus verskeie stukke grofgeskut in het heelwat beroering meegebring totdat vre- die staat, maar baie daarvan was verouderde de uiteindelik aan die begin van 1864 ge- tipes, byvoorbeeld 'Ou Grietjie' en 'Die sluit is." Weeskind', wat albei in die slag by Bloed- rivier gebruik is, en 'n Spaanse kanon wat Bantoe-onluste het in hierdie jare dikwels 'n gevoel van onveiligheid by die Transvaalse A. H. Potg:eter in Delagoabaai gekry het.1 burgers laat ontstaan en het gevolglik tot Met die aanname van die grondwet van 1858 die stigting van die Pretoria Rifle Corps aan- kon oak die verdediging van die Suid-Afri- leiding gegee. Hierdie korps is in Julie 1865 kaanse Republiek op 'n vaste basis georga- deur 'n aantal inwoners van Pretoria geves- 1: Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 6, Nr 2, 1976. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za Pres. T. F. Burgers (met keil) en andere by 'n voor:aaierkanon. Dit was een van die eerste stukke wat bekom is deur die Staatsartillerie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek. tig. met Stephan us Schoeman as bevelvoe- ampsaanvaarding. het president Burgers dus rende kaptein en Hendrik Stiemens as sek- 'n artilleriekorps, die Batterij Dingaan, met retaris. Gereelde oefeninge is gehou. streng Riedel as hoofoffisier, tot stand laat kom.'" dissipline is nagestreef en die regering het Die ietwat ongewone naam van die korps was sover moontlik ammunisie aan die korps ver- waarskynlik aan die vindingrykheid van die skaf. Na enkele jare is d:e korps egter ont- President te danke."\ Aanvanklik het Riedel bind:; slegs een luitenant, twee sersante en vier ar- Soos op die ander gebiede was Thomas tilleriste onder hom gehad. Hulle kaserne en Francois Burgers. wat op 1 Julie 1872 as magasyn was in die middel van Pretoria, op president van die Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek die terrein net agter die huidige hoofposkan- ingesweer is. ook op militere gebied ver- toOl', met die oefenterrein net daarnaas.'1 in siende en vooruitstrewend.' Die eel' vir die 1874 het president Burgers ook daarin ge- eerste bewuste poging om 'n georganiseerde slaag om geskut en ammunisie van Duits- militere korps op die been te bring. kom land aan te koop. Dit is direk na Deiagoa- president Burgers toe. omdat die gedagte by baai verskeep en het uit 'n battery van vier hom ontstaan het om nuwe kanonne aan te ligte Krupp-kanonne, 'n mitrailleuse, wat uit koop en jong Transvalers onder deskundige die Franse leer afkomstig was en blykbaar leiding met die bediening daarvan vertroud tydens die Frans-Pruisiese oorlog (1870-1871) te maak.8 Reeds op 22 Julie 1872 gee die deur die Duitsers buitgemaak is, honderd Volksraad aan die Uitvoerende Raad opdrag 'r;fles', 33 000 pond lood, 14 000 pond kruit, om ammunisie aan te koop en 'n plan op te ens., bestaan. Die totale koste vir hierd:e stel vir die oprigting van 'n 'wapenhuis' of aankoop het ongeveer R4 065 beloop en is fort in Pretoria. In Augustus van dieselfde deur vrywillige bydraes en die verkoop van jaar stig Burgers 'n openbare fonds vir die staatsgrond verkry.'" aankoop van kanonne in Europa. 'n insame- President Burgers het ook veel gedoen ten lingsveldtog wat tot in 1873 voortgesit is." opsigte van die aankweking van 'n militere President Burgers het ook daarin geslaag om gees en die ontwikkeling van 'n bewuste 'n Duitse offisier. kaptein Otto Riedel (Riedl). vaderlandsliefde. Hy het dit selfs so vel' ge- te werf om 'n artilleriekorps in Transvaal op bring dat 'n groot aantal burgers hulle by te rig.'" Riedel is in Januarie 1874 plegt;g in- vrywilligerkorpse aangesluit het. Op Rusten- gesweer as kaptein en instrukteur van die burg het kaptein H. T. Schroder die Rusten- beplande artilleriekorps. Dit was sy taak burg Schutzenkorps gestig, '" terwyl ook op om die grondslag van die korps te Ie. toesig Utrecht 'n soortgelyke Schutzenkorps onder 001' aile wapens van die Republiek te hou en leiding van Dicks en Van Rooyen opgerig is." onderrig in die hantering daarvan te gee.11 In 1876 is ook op Middelburg en Lydenburg In 1874, dit wil se binne twee jaar na sy vrywilligerkorpse in die lewe geroep, met C. 2 Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 6, Nr 2, 1976. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za H. von Schlickmann as kaptein van laasge- Die vier Krupp-kanonne van die Batterij Din- noemde korps.'8 gaan is deur die Engelse teruggegee en is In wet nom mer 2 van 1876 is bepaal dat die verder aangevul deur die aankoop van 'n 72- hoofoffisier van die artillerie die rang van ponder Howitser, 'n 9-ponder Armstrong en veldkornet sou beklee, en onder die kom- nog 'n paar ander stukke. Die ervaring wat mandant van die distrik waarbinne hy ge- die artilleriste gedurende die Eerste Vryheids- stasioneer is of opereer, sou staan. Dieself- oorlog opgedoen het en veral die selfvertroue de het ook gegeld vir die hoofoffisiere van wat die militere suksesse onwillekeurig ge- die vrywilligerkorpse, wat dan ook as veld- wek het, het die algemene verdedigingsorga- 23 kornette in die krygsraad sitting gehad het."" nisasie ten goede gekom. In Maart 1877 is bepaal dat behalwe die ge- Op 19 September 1881 het die Uitvoerende wapende burgermag, wat in tyd van oor- Raad besluit om dit aan kommandant-generaal log of onluste opgeroep kon word, daar ook P. J. Joubert op te dra om 'n artilleriekorps, 'n algemene landspolisie en een corps artil- soortgelyk aan die in die Oranje- Vrystaat, te k}(e, gesamentlik minstens 125 man sterk, stig. Joubert het ook die noodsaaklikhe:d van beskikbaar moes wees. Hierdie prysenswaar- 'n verdedigingsorganisasie, wat selfs teen bu:- dige voorneme is egter nie verwesenlik nie, telandse vyande bestand sou wees, besef.
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