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2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xi CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Introduction xxxii Part I: Welcome to Linux Chapter 1: What Is Linux? 3 Chapter 2: Choosing a Distribution 13 Part II: Installing Linux Chapter 3: Getting Ready to Install Linux 27 Chapter 4: Installing Linux 45 Chapter 5: Special Installations 69 Part III: Using Desktop Environments in Linux Chapter 6: An Overview of X Windows 83 Chapter 7: Installing and Configuring X Windows 109 Chapter 8: Using GNOME and X Windows 137 Chapter 9: Using Applications with GNOME and X Windows 161 Chapter 10: Advanced GNOME Configuration 193 ChapterCOPYRIGHTED 11: Using KDE MATERIAL 217 Chapter 12: Advanced X Windows Configuration 259 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xii Part IV: Mastering the Essentials Chapter 13: Introducing Linux Commands 291 Chapter 14: Working with Files 315 Chapter 15: Using LinuxConf and Other Tools for System Configuration 333 Chapter 16: Understanding the Shell 361 Chapter 17: General System Administration 383 Chapter 18: Using Peripherals 409 Chapter 19: Linux Multimedia 443 Chapter 20: Recompiling the Linux Kernel 455 Part V: Basic Connectivity Chapter 21: Understanding Linux Networking 483 Chapter 22: Connecting Linux to the Internet 495 Chapter 23: Using the World Wide Web 517 Chapter 24: Reading E-Mail 549 Chapter 25: Faxing from Linux 571 Part VI: Using Linux in the Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) Chapter 26: Where to Use Linux in the SOHO 589 Chapter 27: Installing Linux for the SOHO 601 Chapter 28: Configuring Linux for an Ethernet Network 615 Chapter 29: Integrating Linux in Windows and Novell Networks 643 Chapter 30: Linux and DOS/Windows 663 Chapter 31: Security and Linux As an Inexpensive Router 685 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xiii Part VII: Using Linux As a Web and E-Mail Server Chapter 32: Building Your Own Web Server 705 Chapter 33: Linux As a Mail Server: The Power of Sendmail 787 Appendices Appendix A: Linux around the World (Non-English Linux Distributions) 797 Appendix B: Sources of Linux Information 809 Appendix C: Linux Command Reference 817 Appendix D: GNU General Public License 893 Appendix E: Linux on Non-Intel Hardware 903 Index 908 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xiv 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xv CONTENTS Introduction xxxii PART I: Welcome to Linux 1 1 What Is Linux? 3 Linux History 4 Linux as an Operating System 5 A Multitasking Operating System 6 A Multiuser Operating System 7 Linux Applications 8 Linux as Free Software 9 Commercial Applications for Linux 10 Looking Ahead 10 2 Choosing a Distribution 13 What Is a Distribution? 14 An Overview of Major Distributions 15 The Major Distributions 16 Red Hat Linux 20 What’s New about Red Hat Linux 7 21 Looking Ahead 23 PART II: Installing Linux 25 3 Getting Ready to Install Linux 27 What You Need 28 The Minimum PC for Linux 29 A Good PC for Linux 30 Added Bonuses 31 Checking Your Hardware for Compatibility 32 Recording Your Hardware Information 33 Video Cards 33 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xvi xvi Contents Sound Cards 34 Monitors 34 Mice 35 Hard Drives 35 Modems 36 Network Cards 36 USB 36 Other Peripherals 37 Choosing an Installation Method 37 From CD-ROM 37 From Floppy Disk and CD-ROM 38 From Hard Disk 39 Arranging Your Hard Disk 39 Partitioning Concepts 39 A Sample Partition Scheme for a Windows 98 System 40 Looking Ahead 42 4 Installing Linux 45 Starting the Installation 46 Configuring Your System for Installation 48 Keyboard Controls 48 Choosing a Language 49 Choosing a Keyboard Type 50 Configuring Your Mouse 51 Installing or Upgrading? 51 Setting Up Your Disk Partitions 52 Formatting Your Linux Partitions 58 Setting Up LILO 58 Network Configuration 60 Time Zone Configuration 60 Account Configuration 60 Authentication Configuration 61 Selecting Packages 61 Configuring X Windows 63 The Installation Process 64 Creating a Boot Disk 65 Rebooting Your System 66 Looking Ahead 66 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xvii Contents xvii 5 Special Installations 69 Installing from a Hard Disk Partition 70 Copying the CD-ROM to a Hard Disk Partition 71 Preparing the Installation Floppies 71 The Actual Installation Process 71 Installing Linux on Multiple Partitions 72 Putting Swap on a Separate Disk 73 Splitting Linux across Multiple Partitions 73 Using Fdisk instead of Disk Druid 75 Displaying the Partition Table 76 Adding a Partition Using Free Space 77 Changing the Partition Type 77 Deleting a Partition 78 Committing Your Changes 78 Looking Ahead 79 PART III: Using Desktop Environments in Linux 81 6 An Overview of X Windows 83 What Is X Windows? 84 Microsoft Windows versus X Windows 87 Similarities 87 Differences 87 X Servers, Window Managers, and Desktop Environments 90 X Servers 90 Window Managers 94 Desktop Environments 102 What Is Motif? 105 Do I Need Motif? 106 An Alternative to Motif 107 Looking Ahead 107 7 Installing and Configuring X Windows 109 Obtaining X Windows 110 Installing from the Red Hat Linux 7 CD-ROM 110 Installing from the Internet 113 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xviii xviii Contents Preparing to Configure X Windows 116 Make and Model of Your Video Card 116 Make and Model of Your Monitor 117 Video Memory on Your Video Card 117 Type of Mouse You Are Using 117 Horizontal Sync Range for Your Monitor 118 Vertical Sync Range for Your Monitor 118 Configuring XFree86 with Xconfigurator 118 Configuring XFree86 with Xf86config 126 Testing Your Configuration 132 Looking Ahead 134 8 Using GNOME and X Windows 137 Starting X Windows and GNOME 138 The GNOME Panel 140 Using the System Menu 141 Manipulating the GNOME Panel 145 Panel Applets 146 Using the Desk Guide and Tasklist Applets 148 The GNOME Interface 149 Manipulating Windows 149 The GNOME Desktop 151 Managing Files with GNOME 152 Launching the GNOME File Manager 152 The File Manager Window 153 Important Menu Options 157 Looking Ahead 159 9 Using Applications with GNOME and X Windows 161 Using Xterm 162 Customizing Xterm 164 Setting the Color Scheme 166 Setting the Window Size and Location 168 Setting the Window Title 170 Running an Application in an Xterm Window 171 Setting the Font 172 Other Features 175 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xix Contents xix X Windows Applications 175 The GIMP 176 Gnumeric 182 X Windows Utilities 185 Using Gedit 186 X Windows Clocks 188 Using the GNOME Calculator 190 Looking Ahead 191 10 Advanced GNOME Configuration 193 Using the GNOME Control Center 194 Desktop 196 Document Handlers 201 Multimedia 204 Peripherals 205 Sawfish Window Manager 207 Session 209 User Interface Options 209 Configuring GNOME Panels 210 Adding a Drawer to a Panel 211 Adding a Logout Button to a Panel 211 Adding a New Launcher 212 Controlling Panel Properties 213 Looking Ahead 214 11 Using KDE 217 A History of the KDE Project 218 Reviewing a KDE Distribution 219 Writing KDE Applications 219 KDE and Red Hat Linux 7 220 Updating KDE 221 Starting KDE 222 Exiting KDE 224 Using kdm for Graphical Login 225 Configuring kdm 225 Adding Other KDE Applications 229 Exploring the KDE Desktop 230 Launching KDE Applications 232 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xx xx Contents Using Multiple Desktops 233 Working with Application Windows 233 Browsing the File System 234 Using Konqueror Windows 235 Using the Quick Browser 238 Creating KDE Link Files 240 Configuring KDE 241 Using the KDE Control Center 241 Updating Menus and the Desktop 251 Using the KDE Utilities 252 Viewing Text and Graphics 252 Managing Your Time 253 KDE Office Suite 254 Administering Your Linux System 255 Looking Ahead 256 12 Advanced X Windows Configuration 259 The XF86Config File 260 Files 262 ServerFlags 263 Module 266 InputDevice - Keyboard 267 InputDevice - Pointer 270 Monitor 272 Modes 273 Device 274 Screen 276 The X Windows Start-Up Sequence 278 The .xinitrc File 279 The .Xclients File 282 X Resources 285 How X Resources Work 285 Setting X Resources with .Xdefaults 286 The Database of X Resources 287 Using the xrdb Command to Load X Resources 287 Looking Ahead 287 2915FM.qxd 05/09/01 12:16 PM Page xxi Contents xxi PART IV: Mastering the Essentials 289 13 Introducing Linux Commands 291 What Is a Linux Command? 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