Calamus Pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a New Species from the Eastern Himalaya, India

PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India

Sujit Mondal, Shyamal K. Basu & Monoranjan Chowdhury

26 March 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 5 | Pages: 13605–13610 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4493.11.5.13605-13610

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2019 | 11(5): 13605–13610

Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India

1 2 3 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Sujit Mondal , Shyamal K. Basu & Monoranjan Chowdhury Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,3 Taxonomy of Angiosperm and Biosystematcs Lab, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, PLATINUM Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India. 2 The Agri Hortcultural Society of India, Kolkata, West Bengal 700027, India. OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] (corresponding author)

Abstract: Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae or Palmae), a new and Java (Baker & Couvreur 2012; Govaerts et al. 2013) species of ratan from the hilly slopes of Mukt and Mahananda rivers and 52 species recognized from New Guinea (Baker et at Darjeeling District of West Bengal in the eastern Indian Himalaya, is described and illustrated. This species closely resembles two Indo- al. 2002; Baker & Dransfeld 2006). Baker & Dransfeld Myanmar species, C. erectus Roxb. and C. arborescence Grif. It, (2014) added 14 more species of Calamus from New however, is distnguished by its short and extremely slender stem, spine ornamentaton, pendulous, long-branched inforescence, and Guinea. The lower hills of the eastern Himalaya and minute fruits with fmbriate scales. A comparatve study among the Terai parts are quite rich in Calamus species, with C. pseudoerectus sp. nov., C. erectus Roxb., and C. arborescence 28 species reported from China (Pei et al. 1991), seven Grif. is provided. Conservaton status of this species is proposed as Endangered (EN) as per IUCN. from Bangladesh (Alam 1990), eight from Bhutan (Nolte 1994), and nine from Nepal (Paudel & Chowdhary 2005). Keywords: Calamus arborescence, Calamus erectus, new taxa, Palmae, In India, Beccari (1894) reported 72 species of Calamus Ratans. from undivided Britsh India for the frst tme; presently, around 36 species and three varietes of Calamus are Calamus L. is the largest genus of the family recorded from various parts of the Himalaya, Western Arecaceae (Palmae) with about 520 species worldwide, Ghats, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Basu & Basu mostly distributed in the Asia-Pacifc region and Africa 1987; Renuka 1987; Basu 1992). A total of 18 species (Dransfeld et al. 2008; Baker 2015; Baker & Dransfeld of the genus Calamus L., Plectocomia Mart. ex. Bl., and 2016). The spiny climbing and non-climbing ratans, the Daemonorops Bl. were reported from various alttudes source of the commercial ratan cane, are distributed of West Bengal (Mondal & Chowdhury 2018). During from tropical Africa, India to Fiji, southern China through exploraton of palms and canes in the various lower Malay Archipelago to northern Australia (Baker & hills and riverine forests along small streams (‘khola’) Dransfeld 2014). Calamus is most species-rich in the and rivers of the Darjeeling Himalaya, a few interestng southeastern region of Asia, with 183 species occurring specimens of Calamus were collected from Muktkhola across the Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, (26049’26”N & 88013’22”E, 822m) and Choklong riverine

DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4493.11.5.13605-13610

Editor: K. Haridasan, Palakkad District, India. Date of publicaton: 26 March 2019 (online & print)

Manuscript details: #4493 | Received 14 August 2018 | Final received 01 March 2019 | Finally accepted 06 March 2019

Citaton: Mondal, S., S.K. Basu & M. Chowdhury (2019). Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(5): 13605–13610. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4493.11.5.13605-13610

Copyright: © Mondal et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: UGC-BSR [F. 25/1/2014-15 (BSR)/7-132/2007(BSR) dt. 07.10.2015].

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to authority of Herbaria at CAL, ASSAM, BSHC for access the specimens, literatures and experts opinion. We are also thankful to authority of Herbaria at K, TAI, E for open access of digital herbariums. Dr. Debobrata Maity, Department of Botany, Calcuta University, is highly acknowledged for his extensive help during artcle writng. First author is highly acknowledged to University Grant Commission, India, for the fnancial support to complete the said work.

13605 Calamus pseudoerectus sp. nov. Mondal et al. forests (26051’42”N & 88021’45”E, 609m) of Mahananda (10044). Wildlife Sanctuary on the hillslopes of the Mukt Cluster-forming ratan, erect up to 11m long. Stem and Mahananda rivers, respectvely. Afer extensive solid, with sheaths 18–20 cm diameter, without sheaths morphologic comparisons in key herbaria (Herbarium, 12–13.5 cm diameter; internodes 5–9.8 cm long, 12.1– BSI, Central Natonal Herbarium (CAL), Hebarium, BSI, 13.2 cm diameter. Leaf ecirrate, 1.56–3.37 m long; Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong (ASSAM), Herbarium, fagella absent; sheath blackish-brown, caducous scales, BSI, Sikkim Himalya Regional Center, Gangtok (BSHC), sparsely variable sized blackish-brown armed with and Herbarium, University of North Bengal (NBU), minute and few long fat spines along zone of adnaton matching with some digital herbarium of Herbarium, between inforescence and sheath; knee absent; petole Royal Botanical Garden, Kew (K), Herbarium, Natonal 1–1.2 m long, young petole with white powdery dust, Taiwan University (TAI) Herbarium, Royal Botanical mature petole base with dense brown dust, covered Garden, Edinburgh (E), and extensive literature search with irregular small spines, base fat, leaf sheath closed (Renuka 1987; Alam 1990; Pei et al. 1991; Basu 1992; with spongy, thick sheath fbers on both edges; leafets Nolte 1994; Paudel & Chowdhary 2005; Baker & 38–43 on each side of rachis; rachis 1.3–1.8 m long; Couvreur 2012; Govaerts et al. 2013; Baker & Dransfeld glabrous, rarely spines on both edges, leafets linear- 2014), it was found that it is a new species for science. ensiform, 41–75 cm × 2.1–4.1 cm, leafets alternate in The new taxon is carefully described and illustrated and equidistance at base and terminal part, but opposite a comparison of diagnostc morphologic characters with at middle; green beneath, narrowly elliptc to linear, two allied Indian species, C. erectus Roxb. (Hort. Bengal. mid leafets 71–76.5 cm × 4.8–5.6 cm; apical leafets 72. 1814) and C. arborescence Grif. (Calcuta J. Nat. Hist. 39.6–41.8 cm × 1.6–2.1 cm, apical leafet scarcely united 5.33.1845), are presented (Table 1). Of the 36 species in at base; fne spines 3–6 mm long, on major veins of India, two species, C. erectus and C. arborescence, are both abaxial and adaxial surfaces; inforescences long, completely diferent from the others in respect of lack looping, 2.10–2.40 m long, non-fagelliform, branched of knee, cirrus, and fagella. Similar character-bearing to 1 order, one pistllate and one staminate fower lies species from southeastern Asia are C. acaulis A.J. Hend., in each node; pistllate fowers deeply embedded on N.K. Ban & N.Q. Dung from Vietnam and C. oxycarpus rachis node, sterile staminate fowers lies at base of Becc., C. macrorhynchus Burret, C. erectus Roxb., and pistllate fowers; prophyll strictly tubular, 14–32 cm × C. dianbaiensis C.F. Wei from China. The new species 4.8–3.1 cm tghtly sheathing, opening asymmetrically is close to this group and lacks knee, cirrus, and fagella. at apex, with brown indumentums similar to that of the sheath, very sparsely armed with minute recurved Taxonomic treatments spines, sometmes with fne bristles around bract Calamus pseudoerectus sp. nov. opening; peduncular bracts one or two, peduncular up S. Mondal, S.K. Basu & M. Chowdhury, to 1.12m long, 1.3cm diameter, with irregular spine on Betgara, Otla bet [Nepali] (Image 1; Fig. 1). margin and adaxial surface, rachis bract 5.6–14.4 cm × 3.3–5.2 cm, similar to prophylls; primary branches Similar to Calamus erectus Roxb. and C. arborescence (rachillae) 25.6–134.2 cm apart, rachillae 2–3 at each Grif. in respect of having similar types of ocrea and nodes; rachillae alternate, straight, 10.3–27.6 mm × 1.6– devoid of knee, fagella, and cirri, but distnct by big, 2.5 mm; rachilla bracts 1.3–1.6 cm × 2.3–2.8 cm, similar branched inforescence, minute and scatered spines, to prophylls; foral bracteoles tubular, 0.7–1.4 cm × 1.8– and very small fruits with fmbriate fan-shaped scales. It 2.5 cm, asymmetrically opened; pistllate fowers oval, further difers by having scatered spines on leaf sheath 0.6–0.4 cm × 0.4–0.5 cm, sessile, lacking indumentums; and rachis, while in C. erectus and C. arborescence, spines calyx 0.4cm diameter, connate at base, three-lobed; are clustered and whorled. It is further characterized lobes 0.6cm × 0.4cm; corollatubular at base, 0.4–1.1 by pendulous big inforescence, sheath with white cm × 1.6cm long, tp three-lobed; lobes triangular, and brownish-black powdery dust, conspicuous ocrea, 0.6mm long; ovary globose; stgma three, prominent; oblong fruits, 5mm × 1mm, brown. sterile staminate fower narrow, 0.7cm × 0.3cm, solitary, Holotype: 10044 (CAL), 08.ii.2018, India, West sessile, atached at base of pistllate fowers, calyx 0.4cm Bengal, Darjeeling District, Muktkhola hillslopes, diameter, connate at base, three-lobed; lobes 0.6cm × 26049’26”N & 88013’22”E , 822m, coll. S. Mondal & M. 0.4cm; tubular at base, corolla 0.4–1.1 cm × 1.6cm, tp Chowdhury. three-lobed; lobes triangle, 0.6cm long; sterile stamens Isotype: Calcuta University Herbarium (CUH), NBU six; separate fertle male plants not seen. Fruits very

13606 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2019 | 11(5): 13605–13610 Calamus pseudoerectus sp. nov. Mondal et al.

Figure 1. Calamus pseudoerectus sp. nov.: A, B - habit with leaf sheaths, leaves, and inforescence | C - sterile staminate fower | D - calyx | E - pistllate fowers | F - sterile stamens | G - rachilla with female and sterile male fower | H - mature fruit | I - scales | J - seed. © Sujit Mondal. small, ellipsoid, 0.7–0.8 mm × 0.3–0.4 mm, rusty brown, fruits for diabetes. with three distnct stgmatc projecton, 0.1–0.2 mm Etymology: The specifc epithet is given as the new long, covered with longitudinal rows of scales, reddish species is quite closer to the Indian ratan C. erectus. brown, 0.4–0.8 mm × 0.3–0.5 mm, scales not regular, Additonal specimen examined (paratypes): fan-shaped, margins fmbriate, arranged in nine rows; 10212 (NBU), one specimen collected on 12.iv.2018, one-seeded. Seeds oblong, 0.5cm × 0.1cm, brown. West Bengal, Darjeeling District, Shivkhola hillslopes, Phenology: Flowering: December–February; 26051’42”N & 88021’45”E , 609m, coll. S. Mondal & M. Fruitng: February–May. Chowdhury. Distributon: India (West Bengal, Darjeeling District). Notes: This species was discovered from the lower Habitat: Hill slopes of riverine forests at lower hills, hills of Darjeeling District of India around 16km away associated with bushes of Lantana camara L., Mikania from Siliguri City. Calamus pseudoerectus is presently micrantha Kunth, Pandanus nepalensis H. St. John, known from four populatons in the lower hill forests Curcuma aromatca Salisb., Alstonia neriifolia D. Don, of Darjeeling District of West Bengal in the eastern and Wallichia caryotoides Roxb. Himalaya. Three populatons were found at Murtkhola Uses: Leaves are used as thatch; local peoples use and one populaton at Shivkhola area of Mahananda WS.

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Table 1. Morphologic comparison among Calamus erectus Roxb., C. arborescens Grif., and C. pseudoerectus sp. nov.

Characters Calamus erectus Roxb. Calamus arborescens Grif. Calamus pseudoerectus sp. nov. Sheath With yellow powdery dust Powdery dust absent Whitsh at young and blackish-brown Spines Dense, in oblique rows Dense, in oblique rows powdery dust, sparsely variable sized Patern Comb-like, whorl, dense Comb-like, whorl armed or spines Size (cm) 4–7 1–4 2–3 Colour Yellow Black Blackish-brown Rachis 3–3.5 2–2.5 1.3–1.8 Size (m) Dense long spines Dense long spines Glabrous or rarely spines Spine type Spine 1–2 or whorled, comb-like Whorled, comb-like Rarely on both edge Patern

Petole Size (m) 0.5–1.5 0.5–1.5 0.5–1.2 Spines Whorled, comb-like Whorled, comb-like Single, rarely on edge Leaves Leafets 25–40 25–39 38–43 Number (pair) 60–80 × 3.5–5 80–100 × 5–6 41–75 × 2.1–4.1 Size (cm) Leafets alternate in equidistance, Leafets opposite in equidistance, white Leafets alternate in equidistance at green beneath beneath base and terminal part, but opposite at Arrangement middle; green beneath Terminal Joined at half of their length Joined at half of their length Joined at one-fourth of their length leafets Prophyll Tubular, short Tubular, very long Tubular, long Sizes (cm) 7–10 20–30 14–32 Type Uniform, upper parts sof, lacerate Uniform, lacerate above Opening wider, upper parts fbrous, Colour Green Green Whitsh-greenish-brown Spines Thickly Thickly Absent Texture Papery, tatering apices Papery, tatering apices Leathery, strong Inforescence Short, round Pendulous, compressed Pendulous, compressed Size (m) 1–2 1.6–2 2.10–2.40 Peduncle Round, strongly armed with black comb- Compressed, strongly armed with black Compressed, pedicle unarmed, smooth like spines comb-like spines Rachillae 2–3 at each node, each female Rachillae Rachillae 1 at each node, female fower Rachillae 1 at each node, female fower and sterile male fower together in each rarely with sterile male fower rarely with sterile male fower node throughout Pistlate fowers Deciduous Deciduous Persistent Stgma Fruit Big Big Very small Shape Ovoid-ellipsoid Obovoid-ellipsoid Ellipsoid Size (cm) 3–5 × 2–2.5 2–2.2 × 0.5–0.7 0.7–0.8 × 0.3–0.4 Colour Brown Brown Rusty brown Stgmatc Absent Absent Present projecton Scales Shape Boat-shaped Boat-shaped Fan-shaped Size (mm) 6–7 × 9–11 6–7 × 9–11 0.4–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 Margin Brown, entre Reddish, entre Reddish-brown, fmbriate Vertcal rows 12 12 9 Seed Size (cm) Big, 2.7 x 1.3 Big, 1.2 x 0.6 Small, 0.5 x 0.1 Colour Yellow Yellow Brown

Each populaton is with an average of 10–15 individuals. tremendous adverse anthropologic pressure including Altogether, 40–60 individuals were observed. We tea gardens, road and house constructon, huge forest examined several pistllate inforescences and every tme resource collectons by local people, and ecotourism. As found minute fruits with seeds and fmbriate scales. The C. pseudoerectus grows in the open forest of Mahananda present study did not record staminate specimens. WS where human infltraton is huge due to the presence Given the size of the area is about 60km2 (area of of nearby tea gardens and ecotourism sites, the existng occupancy <500km2 and area of occurrence <5000km2), habitat needs to be protected by the forest department number of locatons four (≤5), and threats to the habitat, for the sake of in situ conservaton of this new species. we recommend Calamus pseudoerectus under the status of Endangered (EN; IUCN Standards & Pettons Subcommitee 2014). The type locality is the part of the Himalayan hotspot (Myers et al. 2000) and faces

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2019 | 11(5): 13605–13610 13609 Calamus pseudoerectus sp. nov. Mondal et al.

References Beccari, O. (1832). Palmae, pp402–483. In: Hooker, J.D. (ed.). The Flora of Britsh India, Vol. 6. L. Reeve & Co., 794pp. Dransfeld, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Alam, M.K. (1990). Ratans of Bangladesh, Bulletn 7, Taxonomy Series. Lewis (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evoluton and Classifcaton of Bangladesh Forest Research Insttute, Chitagong, Bangladesh, Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK, 732pp. 34pp. Govaerts, R., J. Dransfeld, S. Zona, D.R. Hodel & A. Henderson (2013). Basu, S.K. & S. Basu (1987). A study on Calamus longisetus Grif. World Checklist of Arecaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant cultvated in the Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah. RIC Bulletn Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Accessed on 04 December (Malaysia) 6(3–4): 7–8. 2013. Available online at htp://wcsp.science.kew.org/ Basu, S.K. (1992). Ratans (canes) in India: A Monographic Revision. IUCN Standards & Pettons Subcommitee (2014). Guidelines for Ratan Informaton Centre, Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 141pp. using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Ver. 11. Downloaded Baker, J.W, S. Zona, C.D. Heatubun, C.E. Lewis, A.M. Rudi & V.N. from htp://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines. Maria (2002). The palms of New Guinea project. Flora Malesiana pdf. IUCN Species Survival Commitee, 786pp. Bulletn 13: 35–37. Myers, N., R.A. Mitermeier, C.G. Mitermeier, G.A. da Fonseca & Baker, J.W., S. Zona, C.D. Heatubun, C.E. Lewis & R.A. Maturbongs J. Kent (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservaton priorites. (2006). Dransfeldia (Arecaceae)—a new palm genus from western Nature 403: 853–858. New Guinea. Systematc Botany 31: 61–69. Paudel, S.K & C.L. Chowdhary (2005). Managing ratan as a common Baker, W.J. & T.L.P. Couvreur (2012). Biogeography and distributon property: a case study of community ratan management in Nepal. paterns of southeast Asian palms, pp164–190. In: Gower, D., K. Journal of Bamboo and Ratan 4(1): 81–91. Johnson, J. E. Richardson, B. Rosen, L. Rüber & S. Williams (eds.). Pei, S., S. Chen & S. Tong (1991). Palmae, pp1–172. In: Shengji, P. & C. Biotc Evoluton and Environmental Change in Southeast Asia. Sanyang (eds.). Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Cambridge University Press, U.K., 499pp. Beijing, China. Baker, W.J. & J. Dransfeld (2014). New ratans from New Guinea Mondal, S. & M. Chowdhury (2018). Ratans diversity in West Bengal, (Calamus, Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 163(4): 181–215. India. Adcances in Plant Sciences 31(2): 159–165. Baker, W.J. (2015). A revised delimitaton of the ratan genus Calamus Nolte, H.J. (1994). Arecaceae (Palmae), pp408–431. In: Flora of (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 197(2): 139–152. Bhutan, Vol. 3, Part 1. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 456pp. Baker, W.J & J. Dransfeld (2016). Beyond genera Palmarum: progress Renuka, C. (1987). A new species of Calamus (Palmae) from India. Kew and prospects in palm systematc. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Bulletn 42: 433–435. Society 182(2): 207–233.

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PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

March 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 5 | Pages: 13511–13630 Date of Publicaton: 26 March 2019 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2019.11.5.13511-13630

Artcle A new species of Simulium (Simulium) (Diptera: Simuliidae), with keys to S. striatum species-group from India Factors afectng diversity and distributon of threatened birds in – Sankarappan Anbalagan, Suryliyandi Vijayan, Chellapandian Chitwan Natonal Park, Nepal Balachandran & Sundaram Dinakaran, Pp. 13573–13578 – Jagan Nath Adhikari, Bishnu Prasad Bhatarai & Tej Bahadur Thapa, Pp, 13511–13522 New host records of polyphagous Lepidoptera on Ban Oak Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus (Fabaceae) in the Garhwal Himalaya, India Communicatons – Arun Pratap Singh, Kalpana Bahuguna & Gaurav Chand Ramola, Pp. 13579–13591 Encounter rates and group sizes of diurnal primate species of Mole Natonal Park, Ghana A preliminary study of the hawkmoth diversity (Lepidoptera: – Edward Debrah Wiafe, Pp. 13523–13530 Sphingidae) of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India – Geetha Iyer & Ian James Kitching, Pp. 13592–13604 Estmatng Leopard Panthera pardus fusca (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) abundance in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the India eastern Himalaya, India – Devavrat Pawar, Howard P. Nelson, Divya R.L. Pawar & – Sujit Mondal, Shyamal K. Basu & Monoranjan Chowdhury, Sarika Khanwilkar, Pp. 13531–13544 Pp. 13605–13610

Food compositon of Indian Eagle Owl Bubo bengalensis Franklin Weed diversity in rice crop felds of Fatehgarh Sahib District, (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) from Tiruchirappalli District, Punjab, India Tamil Nadu, India – Yadvinder Singh & Rai Singh, Pp. 13611–13616 – Tamilselvan Siva, Periyasamy Neelanarayanan & Vaidyula Vasudeva Rao, Pp. 13545–13551 Observatons on the female fowers and fruitng of Tape Grass Enhalus acoroides from South Andaman Islands, India – Vardhan Patankar, Tanmay Wagh & ZoyaTyabji, Pp. 13617–13621 Short Communicatons

Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) of Notes Gaya Island, Sabah – Jephte Sompud, Cynthia Boon Sompud, Kurts Jai-Chyi Pei, First records of Agnidra vinacea (Moore, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Nick Ching-Min Sun, Rimi Repin & Fred Tuh, Pp. 13552–13556 Drepanidae: Drepaninae) from the western Himalaya, extending its known range westwards Distributon and morphometric measurements of Blanford’s Fox – Pritha Dey & Sanjay Sondhi, Pp. 13622–13624 Vulpes cana (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Pollinators of Sikkim Mandarin Orange Citrus retculata – Abdulhadi Alouf & Ehab Eid, Pp. 13557–13562 (Sapindales: Rutaceae) – Urbashi Pradhan & M. Soubadra Devy, Pp. 13625–13628 Sebaceous gland adenoma in a free-ranging Baird’s Tapir Tapirus bairdii (Tapiridae: Perissodactyla) – Randall Arguedas, Maricruz Guevara-Soto & Jorge Rojas-Jiménez, Book Review Pp. 13563–13566 A holistc look on birds in urban areas Recent records of the Banded Racer Argyrogena fasciolata – S. Suresh Ramanan & Lalit Upadhyay, Pp. 13629–13630 (Shaw, 1802) (Reptlia: Squamata: Colubridae) from southern Coromandel Coast, peninsular India – Janani Sagadevan, Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh, Nitesh Anandan & Raveen Rajasingh, Pp. 13567–13572 Publisher & Host

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