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Calamus Pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a New Species from the Eastern Himalaya, India

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Calamus Pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a New Species from the Eastern Himalaya, India PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India Sujit Mondal, Shyamal K. Basu & Monoranjan Chowdhury 26 March 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 5 | Pages: 13605–13610 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4493.11.5.13605-13610 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Partner Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2019 | 11(5): 13605–13610 Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India 1 2 3 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Sujit Mondal , Shyamal K. Basu & Monoranjan Chowdhury Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,3 Taxonomy of Angiosperm and Biosystematcs Lab, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, PLATINUM Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India. 2 The Agri Hortcultural Society of India, Kolkata, West Bengal 700027, India. OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae or Palmae), a new and Java (Baker & Couvreur 2012; Govaerts et al. 2013) species of ratan from the hilly slopes of Mukt and Mahananda rivers and 52 species recognized from New Guinea (Baker et at Darjeeling District of West Bengal in the eastern Indian Himalaya, is described and illustrated. This species closely resembles two Indo- al. 2002; Baker & Dransfeld 2006). Baker & Dransfeld Myanmar species, C. erectus Roxb. and C. arborescence Grif. It, (2014) added 14 more species of Calamus from New however, is distnguished by its short and extremely slender stem, spine ornamentaton, pendulous, long-branched inforescence, and Guinea. The lower hills of the eastern Himalaya and minute fruits with fmbriate scales. A comparatve study among the Terai parts are quite rich in Calamus species, with C. pseudoerectus sp. nov., C. erectus Roxb., and C. arborescence 28 species reported from China (Pei et al. 1991), seven Grif. is provided. Conservaton status of this species is proposed as Endangered (EN) as per IUCN. from Bangladesh (Alam 1990), eight from Bhutan (Nolte 1994), and nine from Nepal (Paudel & Chowdhary 2005). Keywords: Calamus arborescence, Calamus erectus, new taxa, Palmae, In India, Beccari (1894) reported 72 species of Calamus Ratans. from undivided Britsh India for the frst tme; presently, around 36 species and three varietes of Calamus are Calamus L. is the largest genus of the family recorded from various parts of the Himalaya, Western Arecaceae (Palmae) with about 520 species worldwide, Ghats, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Basu & Basu mostly distributed in the Asia-Pacifc region and Africa 1987; Renuka 1987; Basu 1992). A total of 18 species (Dransfeld et al. 2008; Baker 2015; Baker & Dransfeld of the genus Calamus L., Plectocomia Mart. ex. Bl., and 2016). The spiny climbing and non-climbing ratans, the Daemonorops Bl. were reported from various alttudes source of the commercial ratan cane, are distributed of West Bengal (Mondal & Chowdhury 2018). During from tropical Africa, India to Fiji, southern China through exploraton of palms and canes in the various lower Malay Archipelago to northern Australia (Baker & hills and riverine forests along small streams (‘khola’) Dransfeld 2014). Calamus is most species-rich in the and rivers of the Darjeeling Himalaya, a few interestng southeastern region of Asia, with 183 species occurring specimens of Calamus were collected from Muktkhola across the Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, (26049’26”N & 88013’22”E, 822m) and Choklong riverine DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4493.11.5.13605-13610 Editor: K. Haridasan, Palakkad District, India. Date of publicaton: 26 March 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #4493 | Received 14 August 2018 | Final received 01 March 2019 | Finally accepted 06 March 2019 Citaton: Mondal, S., S.K. Basu & M. Chowdhury (2019). Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(5): 13605–13610. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4493.11.5.13605-13610 Copyright: © Mondal et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: UGC-BSR [F. 25/1/2014-15 (BSR)/7-132/2007(BSR) dt. 07.10.2015]. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: We are grateful to authority of Herbaria at CAL, ASSAM, BSHC for access the specimens, literatures and experts opinion. We are also thankful to authority of Herbaria at K, TAI, E for open access of digital herbariums. Dr. Debobrata Maity, Department of Botany, Calcuta University, is highly acknowledged for his extensive help during artcle writng. First author is highly acknowledged to University Grant Commission, India, for the fnancial support to complete the said work. 13605 Calamus pseudoerectus sp. nov. Mondal et al. forests (26051’42”N & 88021’45”E, 609m) of Mahananda (10044). Wildlife Sanctuary on the hillslopes of the Mukt Cluster-forming ratan, erect up to 11m long. Stem and Mahananda rivers, respectvely. Afer extensive solid, with sheaths 18–20 cm diameter, without sheaths morphologic comparisons in key herbaria (Herbarium, 12–13.5 cm diameter; internodes 5–9.8 cm long, 12.1– BSI, Central Natonal Herbarium (CAL), Hebarium, BSI, 13.2 cm diameter. Leaf ecirrate, 1.56–3.37 m long; Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong (ASSAM), Herbarium, fagella absent; sheath blackish-brown, caducous scales, BSI, Sikkim Himalya Regional Center, Gangtok (BSHC), sparsely variable sized blackish-brown armed with and Herbarium, University of North Bengal (NBU), minute and few long fat spines along zone of adnaton matching with some digital herbarium of Herbarium, between inforescence and sheath; knee absent; petole Royal Botanical Garden, Kew (K), Herbarium, Natonal 1–1.2 m long, young petole with white powdery dust, Taiwan University (TAI) Herbarium, Royal Botanical mature petole base with dense brown dust, covered Garden, Edinburgh (E), and extensive literature search with irregular small spines, base fat, leaf sheath closed (Renuka 1987; Alam 1990; Pei et al. 1991; Basu 1992; with spongy, thick sheath fbers on both edges; leafets Nolte 1994; Paudel & Chowdhary 2005; Baker & 38–43 on each side of rachis; rachis 1.3–1.8 m long; Couvreur 2012; Govaerts et al. 2013; Baker & Dransfeld glabrous, rarely spines on both edges, leafets linear- 2014), it was found that it is a new species for science. ensiform, 41–75 cm × 2.1–4.1 cm, leafets alternate in The new taxon is carefully described and illustrated and equidistance at base and terminal part, but opposite a comparison of diagnostc morphologic characters with at middle; green beneath, narrowly elliptc to linear, two allied Indian species, C. erectus Roxb. (Hort. Bengal. mid leafets 71–76.5 cm × 4.8–5.6 cm; apical leafets 72. 1814) and C. arborescence Grif. (Calcuta J. Nat. Hist. 39.6–41.8 cm × 1.6–2.1 cm, apical leafet scarcely united 5.33.1845), are presented (Table 1). Of the 36 species in at base; fne spines 3–6 mm long, on major veins of India, two species, C. erectus and C. arborescence, are both abaxial and adaxial surfaces; inforescences long, completely diferent from the others in respect of lack looping, 2.10–2.40 m long, non-fagelliform, branched of knee, cirrus, and fagella. Similar character-bearing to 1 order, one pistllate and one staminate fower lies species from southeastern Asia are C. acaulis A.J. Hend., in each node; pistllate fowers deeply embedded on N.K. Ban & N.Q. Dung from Vietnam and C. oxycarpus rachis node, sterile staminate fowers lies at base of Becc., C. macrorhynchus Burret, C. erectus Roxb., and pistllate fowers; prophyll strictly tubular, 14–32 cm × C. dianbaiensis C.F. Wei from China. The new species 4.8–3.1 cm tghtly sheathing, opening asymmetrically is close to this group and lacks knee, cirrus, and fagella. at apex, with brown indumentums similar to that of the sheath, very sparsely armed with minute recurved Taxonomic treatments spines, sometmes with fne bristles around bract Calamus pseudoerectus
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