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Dupont™ Asana® XL Insecticide Controls a Wide Range of Insect Pests That Have Economic Impact on Major Field, Vegetable, Tree Fruit and Nut Crops

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Dupont™ Asana® XL Insecticide Controls a Wide Range of Insect Pests That Have Economic Impact on Major Field, Vegetable, Tree Fruit and Nut Crops DuPont™ Asana® XL insecticide Technical Bulletin DuPont™ Asana® XL insecticide controls a wide range of insect pests that have economic impact on major field, vegetable, tree fruit and nut crops. Table of Contents Introduction . .1 Formulation . .1 Pyrethroid Chemistry . .2 DuPont™ Asana® XL Insecticide Physical and Chemical Properties . .3 Mode of Action on Insects . .4 Symptoms . .4 Direct Contact . .4 Ingestion of Sprayed Foliage . .4 Partial Listing of Insects Controlled by Asana® XL . .5–7 Current U.S. Tolerances for Asana® XL . .8 Performance Characteristics . .9 Longer Residual Activity . .10–12 Improved Formulation . .13–14 Resistance to Washoff . .15 High Temperature Effectiveness . .16 Crop Safety . .16 Compatibility . .16 Mixes in Water . .16 Mixes in Vegetable Oils . .16 Tank Stability . .17 Ecological Effects . .18 Environmental Impact . .18 Environmental Hazards . .18 Toxicity to Fish . .18 Toxicity to Bees . .19 Environmental Fate . .19 Metabolism of Esfenvalerate in Plants and Animals . .19 Asana® XL Toxicology . .20 Acute Toxicity Studies . .21 Subchronic, Chronic and Neurotoxicity Studies . .21 Mutagenicity and Genetic Toxicity Studies . .21 Carcinogenicity . .21 Material Safety Information . .21 Health, Safety and Handling Information . .21 Hazardous Reactivity . .22 Fire and Explosion Data . .22 Special Fire Fighting Instructions . .22 Other Physical Hazards . .22 NFPA Rating . .22 Spills, Leaks or Releases . .23 Waste Disposal . .23 Shipping Information . .23 Returnable Bulk Container Systems . .24 Storage Conditions . .24 Personal Precautions, Symptoms and Treatment . .24 Health Hazards and Protection Information . .24 Effects of Overexposure/First Aid Response . .25 Ingestion . .25 Inhalation . .25 Eye Contact . .25 Skin Contact . .25 Medical Emergencies . .26 Introduction DuPont™ Asana® XL insecticide controls a wide range of insect pests that have economic impact on major field, vegetable, tree fruit and nut crops. Moreover, insect control is accomplished without phytotoxicity. The U.S. label includes more than 50 crops. Each gallon of Asana® XL is formulated with approximately 2 quarts of cottonseed oil. Research on this formulation has demonstrated that the addition of cottonseed oil extends residual activity and makes Asana® XL more resistant to washoff. For the grower, these attributes can contribute to improved financial returns. In addition, the low dosage rates and longer spray intervals minimize the amount of chemical introduced into the environment. Asana® XL is an environmentally sound insecticide. It is a synthetic version of pyrethrin, a naturally occurring insecticide derived from chrysanthemums. Formulation Asana® XL insecticide is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) containing 0.66 pound of active ingredient (esfenvalerate) per gallon. Active ingredient — esfenvalerate (by weight): 8.4 percent Inert ingredients (by weight): 91.6 percent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Reg. No. 352-515 1 Pyrethroid Chemistry The insecticidal properties of pyrethrins, which are derived from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and several other members of the same genus, have been known for more than 100 years. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of a major component in natural pyrethrins. FIGURE 1: NATURAL PYRETHRIN Pyrethrins boast several distinctions — low mammalian toxicity, high toxicity to a broad spectrum of insects at very low dosages and minor environmental impact. Commercial uses range from household to industrial insect control. Unfortunately, pyrethrins are costly and therefore are frequently formulated with a synergist (e.g., piperonyl butoxide) to reduce application rates. The rapid pho- todegradation of pyrethrins further limits their agricultural use. However, the desir- able properties of natural pyrethrins encouraged scientists to synthesize economi- cal, sunlight-stable, chemically related compounds (pyrethroids) that would exhibit similarly favorable low mammalian toxicity and high insecticidal activity. After the initial success of allethrin in 1949, scientists strived to improve pyrethroid chemistry. Worldwide efforts culminated in the commercial development of several compounds for agricultural use, including permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, tralomethrin and fenvalerate. Further investigation of fenvalerate chemistry led to the identification of the most insecticidally active isomer that would improve desired attributes. These attributes included much lower use rates for broader crop applications, no crop injury to sensi- tive crops, sunlight stability and effectiveness over wide temperature variations. This isomer, called esfenvalerate, is the insecticidal ingredient of DuPont™ Asana® XL. In today’s highly competitive pyrethroid market, some manufacturers promote their product as a “new generation” pyrethroid. This is a marketing tool that is used to make their product appear newer and better. Most of the pyrethroids currently on the market in the United States were patented before 1981 — more than 20 years ago! Pyrethroid insecticides Common name Brand names Esfenvalerate Asana® XL Bifenthrin Capture, Brigade, Empower, Discipline Cyfluthrin Baythroid, Renounce, Tempo, Aztec Cypermethrin Ammo, UP-Cyde, Fury*, Mustang*, Mustang Max*, Demon Cyhalothrin Karate**, Warrior**, ProAxis†, Silencer** Permethrin Pounce, Ambush, Waylay, Perm-UP Deltamethrin Decis * Fury, Mustang and Mustang Max are zeta-cypermethrin. ** Karate, Silencer and Warrior are lambda-cyhalothrin. † ProAxis is gamma-cyhalothrin. 2 DuPont™ Asana® XL insecticide Physical and Chemical Properties Trade Name . .Asana® XL insecticide Common Name . .Esfenvalerate (BSI, ISO) Chemical Name . .(S)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (S)-4-chloro-alpha-(1 methylethyl)- benzeneacetate CAS Registry Number . .66230-04-4 Structural Formula FIGURE 2: ESFENVALERATE ACID FRAGMENT ALCOHOL FRAGMENT Empirical Formula . .C25H22CINO3 Molecular Weight . .419.9 Concentration . .0.66 lb ai/gal Physical Form . .Clear liquid Color . .Straw to light amber Odor . .Oily/aromatic Density . .7.8 lbs/gal at 20°C (68°F) 0.93 gm/ml at 20°C (68°F) pH . .5.14 (1% V emulsion in Type I reagent water) Emulsibility (Concentration – 0.025 lb ai/gal) In Soft Water (32 ppm as CaCO3) . .Good In Medium Hard Water (342 ppm as CaCO3) . .Good In Hard Water (900 ppm as CaCo3) . .Good Miscibility with Vegetable Oils . .Miscible and stable in nonvolatile, refined vegetable oils 1 Formulation Stability . .Stable for more than 2 ⁄2 years at room temperature (18–24°C or 65–75°F); for four weeks at 54°C (130°F); for 26 weeks at 38°C (100°F), and ten weeks at 0°C (32°F) (based on standard duration stability tests). pH Stability . .Stable to hydrolytic degradation at environ- mentally relevant pH (pH 5–9) log Kow (log Pow) . .6.5 Vapor Pressure . ..
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