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CH 09 Study Guide Okami Study Guide: Chapter 9 1 Chapter Test 1. This theoretical idea states that the mind was designed to process and manipulate information. a. computer metaphor b. information-processing approach c. computational theory of mind d. cognitive theory of mind Answer: C difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 2. The two primary components of thinking in terms of representing information are called: a. neurons and glia b. mental images and concepts c. concepts and schemas d. mental images and mental logic Answer: B difficulty: 2 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 3. Which mental representation would we need to utilize to think about abstract words like time, ambivalence, and fatigue? a. schema b. script c. concept d. mental image Answer: C difficulty: 2 factual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology 4. All of the following would be characterized by a cognitive scientist as natural concepts, EXCEPT: a. play b. emotion c. animal d. speed Answer: D difficulty: 2 conceptual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology 5. In Daniel Kahneman’s theory, the system of thought that is rapid, intuitive, effortless, and automatic, is called a. System 1 b. System 2 c. consciousness d. System B Answer: A difficulty: 2 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology Okami Study Guide: Chapter 9 2 6. This procedure for solving problems will work as long as you input information in the appropriate manner. a. heuristic b. algorithm c. means-end d. trial and error Answer: B difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 7. When our thoughts about certain events are easily “accessible” to our consciousness, we tend to overestimate their likelihood of occurrence of the event. This is known as the a. availability heuristic b. representativeness heuristic c. base rate heuristic d. probability heuristic Answer: A difficulty: 2 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 8. To say that the base rate of Americans with depression is 5 percent, whereas the base rate of having the first name “John” is 20 percent, it means that a. it is more likely for an American to be depressed than to be named John b. it is less likely for an American to be depressed than to be named John c. the likelihood of meeting a depressed person named John is about one in five d. the probability that John and Kate are both depressed is very high Answer: B difficulty: 3 conceptual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology 9. In order to experience insight while solving a problem, one must first experience this state. a. impasse b. road block c. heuristic d. algorithm Answer: A difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 10. When people pay more attention to events that are consistent with their own predictions while ignoring other events, this is an example of a. belief persistence b. availability heuristic c. satisficing d. confirmation bias Answer: D difficulty: 1 factual Goal 4: Application of Psychology Okami Study Guide: Chapter 9 3 11. Humans are able to use a relatively small number of words and grammatical structures of a language to compose a theoretically infinite number of sentences. This is called a. generativity b. recursion c. displacement d. fixation Answer: A difficulty: 2 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 12. When humans use language to converse about things that do not exist, are abstract, or have yet to occur, linguists refer to it as a. generativity b. recursion c. displacement d. fixation Answer: C difficulty: 2 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 13. In linguistic theory, children use this innate knowledge to acquire the specific language spoken by the caregivers. a. the internal language faculty b. universal grammar c. specific grammar d. functional syntax Answer: B difficulty: 2 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 14. The tragic case of “Genie,” a girl who was subjected to physical abuse and prohibited from speaking for the first 13 years of her life, supports the idea that a. there is a critical period for language development b. physical abuse can lead to profound developmental delays c. language is relative to the environment in which one is raised d. the development of language is marked by several sensitive periods Answer: A difficulty: 2 conceptual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology 15. When children make language errors like saying “taked” instead of “took,” or “badder” instead of “worse,” linguists believe it is evidence for an innate language faculty because a. children only make these mistakes early in their language acquisition period b. children are explicitly taught the rules of universal grammar c. children persist in making these grammatically logical mistakes even after being corrected d. it is evidence of the influence of direct instruction on speaking by caregivers Answer: C difficulty: 3 conceptual Okami Study Guide: Chapter 9 4 Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology 16. Susan Hespos and Elizabeth Spelke (2004) observed that the Korean language, but not the English language, uses entirely different verbs to describe whether an object fits loosely or tightly inside or on top of another. This is an example of the a. critical period hypothesis b. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis c. linguistic relativity hypothesis d. universal grammar hypothesis Answer: C difficulty: 1 factual Goal 2: Research Methods in Psychology 17. When nonhuman animals communicate with one another, the system of communication is always a. open-ended b. sequential c. generative d. closed-ended Answer: D difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 18. Studies of language learning with primates like Kanzi, Nim, and Washoe demonstrated that primates are able to communicate with human language a. about as well as a human toddler b. by representing most of their emotional experiences c. to tell their own species-specific stories d. in novel ways that defy scientific explanation Answer: A difficulty: 3 factual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology 19. This type of measurement is the defining method of psychometrics. a. survey analysis b. experimental observation c. standardized testing d. behavior analysis Answer: C difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 20. This popular-science term refers to the normal distribution of IQ scores throughout the population. a. the Pearson scale b. the correlation c. the bell curve d. the learning curve Answer: C difficulty: 2 factual Goal 4: Application of Psychology Okami Study Guide: Chapter 9 5 21. Nintey-six percent of people’s IQ scores fall between these two scores. a. 80 and 100 b. 70 and 150 c. 85 and 115 d. 70 and 130 Answer: D difficulty: 2 factual Goal 2: Research Methods in Psychology 22. An IQ score between about 50 and 70 may reflect mild mental retardation, if the person also demonstrates a. behavioral difficulties b. physical abnormalities c. dyslexia d. poor language skills Answer: A difficulty: 2 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 23. Which of the following describes the most reliable and valid use of IQ scores? a. using IQ as a measure of innate intelligence b. using IQ to predict academic delinquency and truancy c. using IQ to predict race and socioeconomic status d. using IQ to predict academic performance and achievement Answer: D difficulty: 2 factual Goal 4: Application of Psychology 24. According to Sternberg’s triarchic theory, all of the following are examples of the use of practical intelligence, EXCEPT: a. How can I best organize my schedule to balance work and socializing? b. How can I best solve this anagram? c. How can I save up to buy myself a car? d. How can I manage my studying time to get an A? Answer: B difficulty: 2 conceptual Goal 4: Application of Psychology 25. Young children have relatively little control over their lives, but as they grow older their ability to seek out environments, relationships, and experiences more in keeping with aspects of their genetic heredity increases. This is consistent with a(n) a. active intelligence quotient b. passive gene-environment interaction c. passive gene-environment correlation d. active gene-environment correlation Answer: D difficulty: 2 factual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology .
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