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7 Biodiversity 7.1 Introduction Cardiff Parkway Developments Ltd Cardiff Hendre Lakes Environmental Statement 7 Biodiversity 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 This chapter of the Environmental Statement (ES) assesses the likely significant effects of the proposed development on ecological/biodiversity features1 within the planning boundary and surrounding environments. 7.1.2 This chapter documents survey work undertaken in relation to habitats and species, the value of receptors identified and the predicted effects arising from the construction and operation of the proposed development. The chapter also documents measures to mitigate for these effects. Enhancement measures, where deemed necessary in relation to legislative and policy drivers, which go beyond mitigating effects are also identified. The residual effects following the inclusion of these measures are then assessed. 7.2 Review of proposed development 7.2.1 The proposed development comprises the construction of a business park and new transport hub facility, including ancillary uses, and infrastructure associated with; biodiversity, landscape, drainage, walking, cycling and other transport modes. 7.2.2 A full and more detailed description of the proposed development has been provided within Chapter 3 proposed development, whilst the aspects that are of particular relevance to this chapter and to the baseline environment at the site are described in subsequent paragraphs. Baseline Environment 7.2.3 The proposed development overlaps with the boundaries of the Gwent Levels – Rumney and Peterstone Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), designated for the network of reens rich in rare plant species and communities, and the Marshfield Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC), designated for its damp semi-improved neutral grassland (see Figure 7.2). 7.2.4 The habitats within the proposed development boundary currently consist of predominantly arable and pastoral farming, with hedge and tree line field boundaries and reens throughout. There is recreational grassland and woodland in the west, and an area of wet woodland in the south adjacent to the railway line. The wider environment outside of the proposed development boundary comprises residential properties and Hendre Lake and Park to the west, St Mellons Business Park to the north, and with further agricultural land to the east and south. 7.2.5 Ecological surveys between 2017 and 2019 confirmed the presence / potential presence of a number of protected and / or notable species. This included foraging and commuting bats, dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius), otter (Lutra lutra), 1 All plant and animal species, habitats and integrated plant and animal communities Biodiversity | Issue | 7 July 2020 Page 7-1 \\GLOBAL\EUROPE\BRISTOL\JOBS\252XXX\252199-00\4.50_REPORTS\ENVIRONMENT\ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT\CHAPTER 7 - BIODIVERSITY\ES_BIODIVERSITY CHAPTER ISSUE_JS_DW.DOCX Cardiff Parkway Developments Ltd | Cardiff Hendre Lakes water vole (Arvicola amphibius), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), foraging and commuting badger (Meles meles), breeding and wintering birds, barn owl (Tyto alba), grass snake (Natrix helvetica) and common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), and common amphibians (but not great created newts (Triturus cristatus)). Biodiversity Strategy 7.2.6 The biodiversity strategy has been designed to retain as much habitat as possible and work towards a biodiversity net gain. This will be achieved through an integrated green and blue infrastructure which mitigates ecological loss and enhances overall biodiversity across the site. The biodiversity design also aims to replace and enhance habitat that is important to the previously identified protected and / or notable species. The principle areas within the biodiversity strategy are embedded into the design and are fully described in Section 7.10 and shown in Biodiversity Strategy Figure 7.4, and include: The ‘Wildlife Corridor’, running north west to south east, comprising a line of double hedgerows, enclosed by a swathe of wet woodland along one edge, and hazel-dominated woodland and a scrub / species-rich grassland mosaic along the other edge; A 12.5m wildlife buffer around Ty Ffynon reen, running north east to south west, comprising 1-2m verges of vegetation suitable for water vole foraging on the reen banks, alongside a hedgerow set back from the reen (to avoid shading), providing further connectivity across the site for dormice; A network of 4.2km of new species-rich intact hedgerows, planted strategically throughout the proposed development to maintain connectivity for dormice and foraging / commuting bats; Maintenance and enhancement of all Primary reens, and the introduction of 3.72km of new secondary reens and ditches to replace those secondary reens and ditches that will be lost; New woodland strip planting in the south, which when combined with the new woodland planting within the Wildlife Corridor, totals approximately 2.6ha (of 1.8ha dry woodland and 0.8ha wet woodland); 3.2 ha of new species-rich wet grassland planting and 8.9ha of new species- rich dry grassland planting; Mosaic of seasonally wet and dry grasslands and biodiverse native tree and hedgerow planting, including orchards, in the Main Park. 7.2.7 In addition to the soft landscaping listed above, opportunities for biodiversity protection and enhancement have been considered throughout the hard landscaping as well, including wildlife crossings and otter ledges in culverts, ecologically sensitive lighting designs, roadside wildflower planting, rain gardens and swales, living walls and micro-habitats. 7.2.8 Wildlife crossings, culverts and Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are embedded into the design of the Outline Planning Application (OPA) to Cardiff 7-2 Arup | Environmental Statement | 30 July 2020 \\GLOBAL\EUROPE\BRISTOL\JOBS\252XXX\252199-00\4.50_REPORTS\ENVIRONMENT\ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT\CHAPTER 7 - BIODIVERSITY\ES_BIODIVERSITY CHAPTER ISSUE_JS_DW.DOCX Cardiff Parkway Developments Ltd Cardiff Hendre Lakes Environmental Statement Council and Planning Applications (PA) to Newport Council relating to the widening of Greenlane reen. Drainage 7.2.9 SuDS will be implemented across the site to manage rainfall using methods that mimic natural process, by using landscape and vegetation to control the flow, volume and quality of the surface water runoff. In addition to this, SuDS also provide amenity benefits by providing aesthetically pleasing and natural landscapes, and biodiversity benefits by creating habitats for wildlife and vegetated areas. Full details are provided in the Drainage Strategy in Appendix C1 and the Hydrology and Flooding Chapter (Chapter 8). Lighting Strategy 7.2.10 The principles for a lighting strategy for the proposed development has been considered with the relevant requirements for avoiding or reducing disturbance effects to protected species, with particular reference to artificial lighting guidance for bats2. For example, limited illumination is proposed in some public areas that intersect ecologically sensitive habitats, and where illumination is proposed it will be controlled to limit back spill, upward light, and glare onto surrounding vegetation. Lighting design principles are described within the chapter and the detailed lighting strategy will be designed at detail design stage and secured through the Reserved Matters Application (RMA) and planning conditions. Construction Phasing 7.2.11 The construction of the proposed development will follow a phased approach (refer to Chapter 3 for full details of construction phasing), such that the majority of mitigation and enhancement planting (as outlined above) will begin within the initial phase (‘Phase 0’). This will allow new planting to better establish prior to any habitat removal required to facilitate the development. Translocation of valuable habitats is also proposed. 7.3 Legislation, policy context and guidance 7.3.1 A framework of international, European, national and local legislation and planning policy guidance exists to protect and conserve wildlife and habitats. This is described in the following sections. Legislation Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 7.3.2 The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (the ‘Habitats Regulations’) transpose the requirements of Council Directive 92 / 43 / EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (the Habitats 2 Bat Conservation Trust and Institution of Lighting Professionals (2018) Guidance Note 8 Bats and Artificial Lighting Biodiversity | Issue | 7 July 2020 Page 7-3 \\GLOBAL\EUROPE\BRISTOL\JOBS\252XXX\252199-00\4.50_REPORTS\ENVIRONMENT\ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT\CHAPTER 7 - BIODIVERSITY\ES_BIODIVERSITY CHAPTER ISSUE_JS_DW.DOCX Cardiff Parkway Developments Ltd | Cardiff Hendre Lakes Directive) into law within England and Wales. These regulations provide for the designation and protection of sites of European importance know as European or Natura 2000 Sites. European Sites comprise: Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) designated under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017; Special Protection Areas (SPAs) designated under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) (WCA)3; Ramsar sites designated under the Ramsar Convention 1971; and Candidate and proposed SACs and SPAs. 7.3.3 The Habitats Regulations require that consideration is given to the implications of plans and projects (developments) on European Sites. Specifically, Regulation 63(1) states: a) "A competent authority, before deciding to undertake, or
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