Researches in Cypriote History and Archaeology
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Atti 28 Periploi - Collana di Studi egei e ciprioti Direttore scientifico Anna Margherita Jasink (Università di Firenze) Consiglio scientifico Giampaolo Graziadio (Università di Pisa), Anna Sacconi (Università di Roma “La Sapienza”), Judith Weingarten (British School at Athens) Segretario di redazione Luca Bombardieri (Università di Firenze) Volumi pubblicati A.M. Jasink, L. Bombardieri (a cura di), Le collezioni egee del Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze (Periploi 1) A.M. Jasink, L. Bombardieri (edited by), Researches in Cypriote History and Archaeology. Proceedings of the Meeting held in Florence April 29-30th 2009 (Periploi 2) Volumi in preparazione I. Caloi, L'arte egea e l'art nouveau: il caso di Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo (Periploi 3) Researches in Cypriote History and Archaeology Proceedings of the Meeting held in Florence April 29-30th 2009 edited by Anna Margherita Jasink Luca Bombardieri Firenze University Press 2010 Researches in Cypriote History and Archaeology / edited by Anna Margherita Jasink, Luca Bombardieri. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2010. (Atti ; 28) http://digital.casalini.it/9788864531403 ISBN 978-88-6453-134-2 (print) ISBN 978-88-6453-140-3 (online) The book has been published thanks to a contribution of the Centro di Ateneo per i Beni Culturali of the Università degli Studi di Firenze. all images are copyright of the authors unless otherwise stated. figures 2-11 at pp. 71-73 are copyright of the trustees of the British museum cover photo: Erimi-Laonin tou Porakou. Area E. Tomb 231. RP double handled jar with incised decoration. EC III- MC I period. graphic project: Alberto Pizarro Fernández © 2010 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press Borgo Albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy http://www.fupress.com/ Printed in Italy Index VII Foreward Anna Margherita Jasink, Luca Bombardieri 1 The Kouris river valley project: an introduction Anna Margherita Jasink 9 Contributo alla topografia di Kourion durante l’età del bronzo: una nuova proposta Pavlos Flourentzos 19 The Late Bronze Age tombs at Enkomi: shaping a methodology for analysing funerary furniture Giampaolo Graziadio, Elisabetta Pezzi 33 Surveying the Kourion land: Kouris valley survey and preliminary excavations at Erimi-Laonin Tou Porakou (2007-2008 seasons) Luca Bombardieri 53 Prestige goods and social complexity at Episkopi-Bamboula Thomas Kiely 75 «…dall’esempio dei suoi colleghi di Francia, Inghilterra e d’America…» ovvero il collezionismo di emulazione: la raccolta Colucci nel quadro dell’archeologia cipriota della seconda metà del xix secolo Silvana Di Paolo 85 La raccolta del Museo archeologico di Firenze nel quadro della storia del collezionismo di antichità cipriote in Italia Marco Bettelli, Fulvia Lo Schiavo 95 Some Minoan Minoan-Genii on LC III Cyprus Judith Weingarten 103 Kouris Valley Project: metodologie, finalità e primi risultati Oliva Menozzi, Domenico Fossataro, Serena Torello di Nino 121 «L’età oscura» nel Levante settentrionale alla luce dei dati provenienti dal sito di Tell Afis (Siria) Fabrizio Venturi VI reasearches in Cypriote histoRy and archaeoLogy 135 Archaeometric applications in the Kouris river valley: preliminary morphological and compositional studies on red polished ware from survey Francesca Chelazzi, Patrizia Davit 147 Nuove ricerche nel campo delle scritture sillabiche cipriote del secondo e primo millenno a.C. Massimo Perna 155 Tarḫuntaš-trġ(n)ds. Troodos? Matteo Vigo 165 La tessitura a Cipro fra neolitico e tardo bronzo Federica Gonzato 175 Il vino di Erimi: inquadramento storico e analisi archeometriche Maria Rosaria Belgiorno, Alessandro Lentini 183 Tavola rotonda / Round table discussion Sessione conclusiva dei lavori Foreward Anna Margherita Jasink Luca Bombardieri (Università di Firenze) he title we chosen for the Proceedings of our meeting aims at disclosing how the original planning Tof a workshop in Florence evolved in time. Initially we simply planned to report on the advances and perspectives of our research activity in the Kouris river valley. As soon as the idea of the meeting was launched and advertised it was found appropriate to enlarge the horizon and to include in the discussion further issues on Cypriote Archaeology, History and Philology. It will, thus, be seen that starting from the Kouris river valley a kind of small overview on the Cypriote history and archaeology has been put together. Four of the contributions appearing in this work are specifically concerned with the Kouris River Valley Project. After a general presentation and a discussion of the historical motivations of the re- search (Anna Margherita Jasink), the first results of the survey on the valley and of the excavation at Erimi-Laonin tou Porakou have been discussed together with a review of the previous archaeological investigations in the area (Luca Bombardieri). These wider and comprehensive topics are flanked by more specific issues. A discussion concerning the use and application of peculiar methodologies to ancient landscape in the Kouris valley area is presented by Oliva Menozzi, Domenico Fossataro and Serena Torello di Nino; a combined remote-sensing, aerial photography, DEM and GIS analyses has been outlined and the preliminary assessment results are discussed in details. A wider application of a multi-layers GIS System dedicated to fortified settlements has been highlighted as well. A further contribution concerns the archaeometric analyses (chemical-physical and petrological) of the Red Poli- shed ware assemblage coming from the Kouris valley survey (Francesca Chelazzi and Patrizia Davit). A definition of afabrics classification has been pointed out as a starting point for a wider analysis of the technological aspects of the Red Polished ware production in the area. We are very pleased to have hosted further communications still related to the Kouris area. Pavlos Flourentzos’ paper concerns the new data resulting from the recent rescue-excavations project carried out by the Department of the Antiquities of Cyprus in the area of Erimi-Kafkalla and Erimi-Pitharka. The excavations revealed a large settlement and cemetery area, widely occupied from Early and Middle Bronze Age period to the Iron Age and later on till the Roman period. Particularly the area of Erimi- Pitharka shows interesting features related to a Late Bronze Age-Iron Age occupation, interpreted by Flourentzos as a possible «Late Bronze Age Kourion». Furthermore, a new overview on the 19th Century excavations carried out by the British Museum in the area of Episkopi-Bamboula is proposed by Tho- mas Kiely, in the wider perspective of an interesting discussion of settlement systems in Kourion area during the Late Cypriote II-III periods. A preliminary study presented by Ariane Jacobs during the meeting in Florence and devoted to the analysis of the Plain ware from Alassa-Pano Mantilaris will be shortly published elsewhere in a final version. Anna Margherita Jasink, Luca Bombardieri (edited by), Researches in Cypriote History and Archaeology, ISBN 978-88-6453-134-2 (print) ISBN 978-88-6453-140-3 (online), © 2010 Firenze University Press VIII reasearches in Cypriote histoRy and archaeoLogy An updated overview of the complex relation patterns involving Cyprus and the Northern Levant during the late XIII-beginning of XII century B.C. has been outlined by Fabrizio Venturi. The work fo- cuses on the interesting transitional Late Bronze-Iron Age sequence of occupation evidenced at Tell Afis (Syria); it largely contributes to the recent discussion about the role of North Levant within the eastern Mediterranean exchanges system during the so-called «Dark Age», as pointed out by the new evidences coming from Cilicia, Amuq plain and coastal Syrian area (Ras Ibn Hani, Tell Kazel, Tell Tweini). An assessing method dedicated to the mortuary assemblages of Enkomi tombs has been presented by Giampaolo Graziadio and Elisabetta Pezzi. A preliminary assessment of funerary assemblages into main «Selected Groups», «Mixed Mono-phase Groups» and «Mixed Multi-phase Groups» has been proposed, as a result of a work in progress. The focus of the study was upon the analysis of the body of evidences (sampled by the «Selected Groups» plus a substantial percentage from «Mixed Mono- phase Groups») according to a classification system based on three main Functional Categories, whose chronological variations throughout the long term use of the intra-settlement cemetery can produce significant data to interpret development and changes within the funerary ideology of the Late Cypriote community of Enkomi. The dichotomy of symbolic values (status indicators, religious or ritual use) and utilitarian functions (Tablewares, Perfumed Oil/Ointment Containers) within the analysis of grave goods assemblages acquires a new meaning through the definition ofprevailing values, which suggests (without any rigid scheme) an interesting approach to the funerary ceremonial performances. Two papers are dedicated to the History of Cypriot Antiquities Collecting in Italy, mostly in Tuscany. Silvana Di Paolo presented an interesting profile of Cavalier Riccardo Colucci, Italian Consul in Nicosia in the 1869-1872; this study outlines the intense activity of the Florentine Diplomat in Cyprus and his role within the European raising interests for the Ancient Cypriot Civilization during the 19th Century. The paper by Marco Bettelli and Fulvia Lo Schiavo is specifically dedicated to the Cypriot Collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Florence, focusing