DOCSLIB.ORG

The Stratigraphy, Petrology, and Depositional Environments of the Maryville Limestone (Middle Cambrian) in the Vicinity of Powell and Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Stratigraphy, Petrology, and Depositional Environments of the Maryville Limestone (Middle Cambrian) in the Vicinity of Powell and Oak Ridge, Tennessee University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-1986 The Stratigraphy, Petrology, and Depositional Environments of the Maryville Limestone (Middle Cambrian) in the Vicinity of Powell and Oak Ridge, Tennessee Michael Glenn Kozar University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Kozar, Michael Glenn, "The Stratigraphy, Petrology, and Depositional Environments of the Maryville Limestone (Middle Cambrian) in the Vicinity of Powell and Oak Ridge, Tennessee. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1986. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1232 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Michael Glenn Kozar entitled "The Stratigraphy, Petrology, and Depositional Environments of the Maryville Limestone (Middle Cambrian) in the Vicinity of Powell and Oak Ridge, Tennessee." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Geology. Kenneth R. Walker, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Steven G. Driese, Thomas W. Broadhead Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting here with a thesis written by Mi chael Glenn Kozar entitled "The Stratigraphy , Petrology , and Depositional Environments of the Maryville Limestone (Middle Cambrian) in the Vicinity of Powell and Oak Ridge , Tennessee. " I have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted for the degree of Master of Science , with a major in Geology. We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Accepted for the Council: Vice Provost and Dean of The Graduate School STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesi s in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree at The University of Tennessee , Knoxville , I agree that the Library shall make it available to the borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without spe cial permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of the source is made . Permission for extensive quotation from or reproduction of this thesis may be granted by my major professor , or in his absence , by the Head of Interlibrary Services when, in the opinion of either , the proposed use of the material is for scholarly purposes. Any copying or use of the material in this thesis for financial gain sh all not be allowed without my permission. Signature AJlir:..hcuJ b}e-i'tf'l J{tJ6,aV Date II - .2s--8'b THE STRATIGRAPHY, PETROLOGY , AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE MARYVILLE LIMESTONE (MIDDLE CAMBRIAN) IN THE VICINITY OF POWELL AND OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee Mi chael Glenn Ko zar December 1986 DEDICATION This thesi s is dedicated to my Mom and Dad whose constant support made this research possible. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to Dr . Kenneth R. Walker, Carden Professor and Head of the Department of Geological Sciences, for his close supe rvision and encouragement during my tenure at The University of Tennessee , Knoxville . I would also like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr . Steven G. Driese and Dr . Thomas w. Broadhead of the University of Tennessee , Knoxville for their patience during the various stages of this thesis and for their many helpful cr iticisms in the final draft. I am grateful for the many constructive and stimulating discussions with my fellow members of "The Carbonate Bank" as well as other fellow students at the Department . Special thanks go to Jim Weber and Eric Johnson for numerous discussions concerning carbonate se dimentology and diageneis, which aided in the completion of this thesis, and in my knowledge of carbonates in general. Finally , I would like to thank Dr . Steve Haase at Oak Ridge National Laboratories for allowing acce ss to the two drill cores. This research has been supported by grants from the Mobi l Carbonate Fund and the Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates to Dr. Kenneth R. Walker and by the following grants to me : 1) a grant from Sun Exploration and iv Production Company (85); 2) two Grants-in-Aid of Research from Sigma Xi (85-86) ; 3) a grant from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (85); and 4) monies from the Don Jones Fund of the Department of Geological Sciences , The University of Tennessee . v ABSTRACT The Maryville Limestone (Middle Cambrian) is part of the nearly 600 meter thick Conasauga Group, which crops out along a series of northeasterly trending strike belts in the Valley and Ridge Province of the southern Appalachians. The interlayered limestone, shale, and dolostone comprising the conasauga result from the interfingering of the Conasauga Shale to the west and northwest and the Honaker Dolomite to the east and southeast. Apart from detailed lithologic and paleoenvironmental work concerning Conasauga strata in southwestern Virginia and northeasternmost Tennessee, few studies have examined the Maryville in detail in east Tennessee. In the study area, a total of 330 m of section were measured and described at three localities (Clinton Highway, Joy 2,and GW 129). Although the base of the Maryville is unexposed at Clinton Highway (77.24 m), both the Joy 2 (142.48 m) and the GW 129 (107.23 m) localities record a complete Maryville sequence. These sections were analyzed in order to establish a paleoevnvironmental model for the Maryville near the transition of this interval into the Conasauga Shale. The 12 lithologies recognized within the stratigraphic sections reflect the interaction between contemporaneous shallo�-water carbonate ramp environments and a siliciclastic-dominated intrashelf basin. Deposition vi on the carbonate ramp was in the form of lime mudstone and wackestone and oolitic and oncolitic packstone and grainstone . In these shallow-water areas, wave and storm influence were at a maximum as evidenced by the abundance of wave-rippled , planar , and microhummocky cross-laminated calcareous siltstone . To the west and southwest, deeper-water conditions were more common . Sedimentation on the deeper-water margin of the ramp and within the intrashelf basin occurred near or below mean storm wave-base . Deposition was mainly in the form of discontinuous , wave-rippled (linsen-bedded ), quartz-rich pe loidal packstone ; very thin-bedded , planar and low-angle cross-laminated pe loidal packstone/grainstone ; carbonate-streaked mudstone ; and shale . There, sedimentation was governed by fairweather waves and storms that winnowed fine-grained carbonate in shallow-water and transported it off-ramp . In some instances , bottom-hugging geostrophic (?) currents were capable of redistributing sediment , thereby modifying the earlier hemipelagically deposited carbonate . Where they were not winnowed by currents, rhythmic interbeds of lime mud and shale were preserved . Throughout these sections limestone-clast conglomerate beds also were deposited . Evidence from clast fabrics , matrix type , bed geometries , and associated lithologies indicate that conglome rate deposits owe their origin to two vii related end-member processes , storms and mas�-sediment-gravity movement . Storm-derived conglomerate beds occur more commonly in shallower-water ramp areas . Debris-flow derived conglomerate deposits underwent a more complex history and occur in more basinward areas . A modified Markov-chain analysis was applied to the nearly 1100 lithologic transitions recorded at the three localities to objectively test for cyclicity. Although statistical analysis supports the presence of rare and subtle cycles , longer-term 10 , 000-100 ,000 year Milankovitch cycles, similar to those proposed for coeval deposits in southwestern Virginia, are not recognized within the Maryville sequence . The near absence of statistically verifiable cycles is believed to be related to the heterogenous nature of the ramp depositional system , as well as the prevalence of storm related processes . Storms were sporadic in time and space and capable of reworking the sediment , thus modifying the stratigraphic record. Analysis of the three Maryville sections reveals a sequential alternation of lithologies which collectively indicate progradational events . Progradational patterns are asymmetric and record the increasing inf luence of shallow-water carbonate environments which extended southwestward into the intrashelf basin. These sequences are common elsewhere in the Maryville along structural strike . Progradational events we re superimposed on an viii overall transgressive sequence and may have been triggered by stillstands in regional sea-level and/or a lull in subsidence. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Stratigraphic Setting and Previous Work . • • . • • • • . • • • • . • • • • . • • • • . • • • 2 Biostratigraphy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2009 Medals & Awards Mary C. Rabbitt History of Geology
    2009 MEDALS & AWARDS MARY C. RABBITT emeritus since 2004. During his time at But there is more. As he is credited Calvin he was for a year a Fellow at the to be in several web sites, he is a noted HISTORY OF Calvin Center for Christian Scholarship. conservative evangelical Christian who is GEOLOGY AWARD He is a member of GSA, the Mineralogical also a geologist—and is a fine example of Society of America, the American Scientific both. As such, he has access to venues that Presented to Davis A. Young Affiliation, the Affiliation of Christian few of us can address, and is a spokesman Geologists, of which he has been president, for our science with a unique authority. His and the International Commission on the reviews of important books in the history of History of the Geological Sciences. geology speak to a wider audience than many In his long teaching career, I’m sure of us can reach. Dave will tell us more of his Dave has steered many a young person to journey. The Rabbitt Award is most fitting geology, and his department has just instituted recognition of Davis Young. a student Summer Research Fellowship in his name. He co-led a course on Hawaiian geology in the best of places, Hawaii itself. Response by Davis A. Young Reading the program for that, I envy the My profoundest gratitude to the History students who were able to take part in it. With of Geology Division for bestowing this student help, he has also assisted with the honor on me.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Geology
    FEBRUARY 2007 PRIMEFACT 563 (REPLACES MINFACT 60) History of geology Mineral Resources Early humans needed a knowledge of simple geology to enable them to select the most suitable rock types both for axe-heads and knives and for the ornamental stones they used in worship. In the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, about 5000 to 2500 BC, flint was mined in the areas which are now Belgium, Sweden, France, Portugal and Britain. While Stone Age cultures persisted in Britain until after 2000 BC, in the Middle East people began to mine useful minerals such as iron ore, tin, clay, gold and copper as early as 4000 BC. Smelting techniques were developed to make the manufacture of metal tools possible. Copper was probably the earliest metal to be smelted, that is, extracted from its ore by melting. Copper is obtained easily by reducing the green copper carbonate mineral malachite, itself regarded as a precious stone. From 4000 BC on, the use of clay for brick-making became widespread. The Reverend William Branwhite Clarke (1798-1878), smelting of iron ore for making of tools and the ‘father’ of geology in New South Wales weapons began in Asia Minor at about 1300 BC but did not become common in Western Europe until Aristotle believed volcanic eruptions and nearly 500 BC. earthquakes were caused by violent winds escaping from the interior of the earth. Since earlier writers had ascribed these phenomena to The classical period supernatural causes, Aristotle's belief was a By recognising important surface processes at marked step forward. Eratosthenes, a librarian at work, the Greek, Arabic and Roman civilisations Alexandria at about 200 BC, made surprisingly contributed to the growth of knowledge about the accurate measurements of the circumference of earth.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of the Mississippian Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin, and Devonian Marcellus Shale, Appalachian Basin
    DOE/NETL-2011/1478 A Comparative Study of the Mississippian Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin, and Devonian Marcellus Shale, Appalachian Basin U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe upon privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors greatly thank Daniel J. Soeder (U.S. Department of Energy) who kindly reviewed the manuscript. His criticisms, suggestions, and support significantly improved the content, and we are deeply grateful. Cover. Top left: The Barnett Shale exposed on the Llano uplift near San Saba, Texas. Top right: The Marcellus Shale exposed in the Valley and Ridge Province near Keyser, West Virginia. Photographs by Kathy R. Bruner, U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Bottom: Horizontal Marcellus Shale well in Greene County, Pennsylvania producing gas at 10 million cubic feet per day at about 3,000 pounds per square inch.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry Northern California
    Petrology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Lower Coon Mountain Pluton, Northern California, with Respect to the Di.stribution of Platinum-Group Elements Petrology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Lower Coon Mountain Pluton, Northern California, with Respect to the Distribution of Platinum-Group Elements By NORMAN J PAGE, FLOYD GRAY, and ANDREW GRISCOM U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2014 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Text edited by George Havach Illustrations edited by Carol L. Ostergren UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1993 For sale by Book and Open-File Report Sales U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25286 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Page, Norman J Petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Lower Coon Mountain pluton, northern California, with respect to the distribution of platinum-group elements I by Norman J Page, Floyd Gray, and Andrew Griscom. p. em.- (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 2014) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Rocks, Igneous-California-Del Norte County. 2. Geochemistry­ California-Del Norte County. I. Gray, Floyd. II. Griscom, Andrew. Ill. Title. IV. Series. QE75.89 no. 2014 [QE461] 557.3 s-dc20 92-27975 [552'.3'0979411] CIP CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Regional geologic setting 2 Geology 2 Shape, size,
    [Show full text]
  • Syllabus: Petrology of Igneous and Metmorphic
    Course Syllabus GEOL 333 PETROLOGY OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS Course Description: Study of the properties and genesis of two major rock groups. Megascopic and microscopic techniques in rock classification. Environments of formation. Case studies from the Maryland Piedmont. Field trips required. Six contact hours (three lecture hours and three laboratory hours), four credits. Prerequisite: GEOL 331. Schedule of lecture and laboratory topics: subject to change with notice: WEEK MONDAY: Laboratory Topic WEDNESDAY: Lecture/Lab Topic TEXT Types of Intrusions; Composition, Introduction to Course; Igneous 1/30-2/1 Textures & Structures of Igneous 1–3 Rocks in Hand Sample Rocks; Classification Volcanism; Formation of Magma; 2/6-8 Igneous Textures in Thin Section 4–6 Crystallization of Magma Igneous Rocks of the Oceanic 2/13-15 Felsic Extrusive Rocks 8 Lithosphere Intermediate and Mafic Extrusive Igneous Rocks of Convergent 2/20-22 9,10 Rocks Margins; Layered Mafic Intrusions 2/27-29 Felsic Intrusive Rocks Mafic Intrusive Rocks 3/5-7 Work on Igneous Case Study Ellicott City Field Trip 3/12-14 Work on Igneous Case Study Igneous Case Study due 3/19-21 SPRING BREAK Metamorphic Isograds, Facies, P-T 3/26-28 Quartz Microstructures Evolution; Metamorphic Textures and 17,18 Classification Metamorphic Assemblages, 4/2-4 Metamorphic Index Minerals 19-20 Reactions, and Equilibrium Metamorphism of Mafic & 4/9-11 Foliated Metamorphic Rocks 21 Ultramafic Rocks Metamorphism of Aluminous Clastic 4/16-18 Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks 22 Rocks 4/23-26 Determining P-T-t Histories Maryland Piedmont: Lang articles 4/30-5/2 Work on Piedmont Project Hunt Valley Field Trip 5/7-9 Work on Piedmont Project Work on Piedmont Project 5/14 Present Piedmont Project Piedmont Project due Friday, May 18th, 8:00 – 10:00 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of the Lyndonville Area, Vermont
    THE GEOLOGY OF THE LYNDONVILLE AREA, VERMONT By JOHN G. DENNIS VERMONT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. DOLL, Stale Geologist Published by VERMONT DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION MONTPELIER, VERMONT BULLETIN NO. 8 1956 Lake Willoughby, seen from its north shore. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................... 7 INTRODUCTION 8 Location 8 Geologic Setting ..................... 8 Previous Work ...................... 8 Purpose of Study ..................... 9 Method of Study 10 Acknowledgments . 11 Physiography ...................... 11 STRATIGRAPHY ....................... 16 Lithologic Descriptions .................. 16 Waits River Formation ................. 16 General Statement .................. 16 Distribution ..................... 16 Age 17 Lithological Detail .................. 17 Gile Mountain Formation ................ 19 General Statement .................. 19 Distribution ..................... 20 Lithologic Detail ................... 20 The Waits River /Gile Mountain Contact ........ 22 Age........................... 23 Preliminary Remarks .................. 23 Early Work ...................... 23 Richardson's Work in Eastern Vermont .......... 25 Recent Detailed Mapping in the Waits River Formation. 26 Detailed Work in Canada ................ 28 Relationships in the Connecticut River Valley, Vermont and New Hampshire ................... 30 Summary of Presently Held Opinions ........... 32 Discussion ....................... 32 Conclusions ...................... 33 STRUCTURE 34 Introduction and Structural Setting 34 Terminology ......................
    [Show full text]
  • Outcrop Lithostratigraphy and Petrophysics of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in West Virginia and Adjacent States
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2011 Outcrop Lithostratigraphy and Petrophysics of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in West Virginia and Adjacent States Margaret E. Walker-Milani West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Walker-Milani, Margaret E., "Outcrop Lithostratigraphy and Petrophysics of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in West Virginia and Adjacent States" (2011). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 3327. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3327 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Outcrop Lithostratigraphy and Petrophysics of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in West Virginia and Adjacent States Margaret E. Walker-Milani THESIS submitted to the College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology Richard Smosna, Ph.D., Chair Timothy Carr, Ph.D. John Renton, Ph.D. Kathy Bruner, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. Petrology and Mineralogy
    2. Petrology and Mineralogy In the period from 1999 to 2002, many studies on petrology and mineralogy have been made by Japanese earth scientists as well as the previous period. Significant progress has been made at the Japanese-USA cooperative studies on Hawaiian volcanoes (Naka et al., 2000; see section VII of this report), including deep-sea survey with the submersible "Shinkai 6500", the world's most advanced deep-sea probe. Major part of the outcome was published as a monograph (Takahashi, E. et al., 2002), including petrological and geochemical studies on products collected by the deep-sea survey (Kaneoka et al., 2002; Sherman et al., 2002; Shinozaki et al., 2002; Tanaka et al., 2002) and melting experiments on basalt+peridotite (Takahashi, E. and Nakajima, 2002). Other studies on the Hawaii project were appeared as individual papers (e.g., Lipman et al., 2000). Research on Unzen volcano also progressed significantly after its eruption of 1990-1995 (Chen, C. H. et al., 1999; Kusakabe et al., 1999; Nakada and Motomura, 1999; Sato et al., 1999; Tateyama et al., 2002; Watanabe, Ko. et al., 1999). At the volcano, international scientific drilling project (Unzen volcano Scientific Drilling Project) is going on (Sakuma and Nakada, 2002; Sakuma and Saito, 2000; Uto et al., 2000; see section VII of this report) and many publications will be appeared in the next period. Research on subduction-zone magmatism around Japan was made energetically. As for Northeast Japan, spatial distribution of volcanoes was noticed (Umeda et al., 1999), and a new concept of "hot fingers" in the mantle wedge was proposed (Tamura, Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Plate Tectonics, Volcanic Petrology, and Ore Formation in the Santa Rosalia Area, Baja California, Mexico
    Plate tectonics, volcanic petrology, and ore formation in the Santa Rosalia area, Baja California, Mexico Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Schmidt, Eugene Karl, 1947- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 01:50:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555057 PLATE TECTONICS, VOLCANIC PETROLOGY, AND ORE FORMATION IN THE SANTA ROSALIA AREA, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO by Eugene Karl Schmidt A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 5 z- STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial ful­ fillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate ac­ knowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manu­ script in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy, Structure, and Petrology of the Mt. Cube Area, New Hampshire by Jarvis B
    BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA STRATIGRAPHY, STRUCTURE, AND PETROLOGY OF THE MT. CUBE AREA, NEW HAMPSHIRE BY JARVIS B. HADLEY CONTENTS Page Abstract.................................................................................................................................. 115 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 115 Acknowledgments................................................................................................................. 117 Stratified rocks....................................................................................................................... 117 General statement........................................................................................................ 117 Orfordville formation................................................................................................... 119 General statement................................................................................................ 119 Post Pond volcanic member............................................................................... 119 Black schist............................................................................................................ 121 Hardy Hill qu&rtzite............................................................................................ 122 Sunday Mountain volcanic member................................................................. 123 Low-grade rocks of the Orfordville
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentology, Petrography, and Depositional Environment of Dore
    SEDIMENTOLOGY, PETROGRAPHY, AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF DORE SEDIMENTS ABOVE THE HELEN-ELEANOR IRON RANGE, WAHA, ONTARIO ' SEDIMENTOLOGY, PETROGRAPHY, AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF DORE SEDIMENTS AHOVE THE HELEN-ELEANOR IRON RANGE, WAWA, ONTARIO By KATHRYN L. NEALE Submitted to the Department of Geology in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science McMaster University April, 1981 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (1981) McMASTER UNIVERSITY (Geology) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Sedimentology, Petrography, and Depositional Environment of Dore Sediments above the Helen­ Eleanor Iron Range, Wawa, Ontario AUTHOR: Kathryn L. Neale SUPERVISOR: Dr. R. G. Walker NUMBER OF PAGES: ix, 54 ii ABSTRACT Archean sediments of the Dare group, located in the 1-Jawa green­ stone belt, were studied. The sediments are stratigraphically above the carbonate facies Helen-Eleanor secti on of the Michipicoten Iron Forma­ tion. A mafic volcanic unit, 90 m thick, lies between the iron range and the sediments. Four main facies have been i dentified in the first cycle of clastic sedimentation above the maf i c flow rocks. A 170 ro break in stratigraphy separates the volcanics from the first facies. The basal sedimentary facies is an unstratified and poorly sorted granule-cobble conglomerate, 200m thick, interpreted as an alluvial mass flow deposit. Above the conglomerate, there is a 20 m break in the stratigraphic column. The second facies, 220m to 415 m thick, consists of laminated (0.1- 2 em) argillites and siltstones, together with massive, thick­ bedded (8-10 m) greywackes. The argillites and siltstones are interpre­ ted as interchannel deposits on an upper submarine fan, and the grey­ wackes are explained as in-channel turbidity current deposition.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochronological Applications
    Paleomagnetism: Chapter 9 159 GEOCHRONOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS As discussed in Chapter 1, geomagnetic secular variation exhibits periodicities between 1 yr and 105 yr. We learn in this chapter that geomagnetic polarity intervals have a range of durations from 104 to 108 yr. In the next chapter, we shall see that apparent polar wander paths represent motions of lithospheric plates over time scales extending to >109 yr. As viewed from a particular location, the time intervals of magnetic field changes thus range from decades to billions of years. Accordingly, the time scales of potential geochrono- logic applications of paleomagnetism range from detailed dating within the Quaternary to rough estimations of magnetization ages of Precambrian rocks. Geomagnetic field directional changes due to secular variation have been successfully used to date Quaternary deposits and archeological artifacts. Because the patterns of secular variation are specific to subcontinental regions, these Quaternary geochronologic applications require the initial determination of the secular variation pattern in the region of interest (e.g., Figure 1.8). Once this regional pattern of swings in declination and inclination has been established and calibrated in absolute age, patterns from other Quaternary deposits can be matched to the calibrated pattern to date those deposits. This method has been developed and applied in western Europe, North America, and Australia. The books by Thompson and Oldfield (1986) and Creer et al. (1983) present detailed developments. Accordingly, this topic will not be developed here. This chapter will concentrate on the most broadly applied of geochronologic applications of paleomag- netism: magnetic polarity stratigraphy. This technique has been applied to stratigraphic correlation and geochronologic calibration of rock sequences ranging in age from Pleistocene to Precambrian.
    [Show full text]