, 600-year Capital of Korea

Encompassing Hanyang, the capital of the Dynasty, the Walking Along Fortress Wall of Seoul was built along the ridge of Inwangsan338m, Bukaksan342m, Naksan125m and Namsan262m and runs over 18.6km. the Fortress Wall The Fortress Wall of Seoul has four major gates in directions toward north, east, west, and south and sub-gates between them.

* “Fortress Wall of Seoul” is called with a Korean pronunciation of Seoul Hanyang Doseong. of Seoul

Korean Trails and Culture Foundation Suseonjeondo The 'Suseonjeondo' (a complete map of Seoul) was produced by Kim Jeong-ho between 1824 and 1834. With the size of 首善全圖 82.5 cm x 67.5 cm, it has been precisely drawn according to an actual measurement. It describes palaces, facilities, towns, and mountains as well as fortresses. Starting from the Sungnyemun to the clockwise direction, you can see historical sites in the following order.

Changuimun Bukaksan

Inwangsan Sukjeongmun

Donuimun Hyehwamun

Starting point Souimun

Sungnyemun

Namsan Gwanghuimun Source: National Museum of Korea Contents

Walking Along Overview 04 Sungnyemun – Changuimun Section 10 the Fortress Wall Four Main Gates and Four Sub-gates 05 Changuimun – Hyehwamun Section 16 Story of Wall 06 Hyehwamun – Gwanghuimun Section 20 of Seoul Pedestrian Route of the Fortress Wall of Seoul 08 Gwanghuimun – Sungnyemun Section 24 Bukaksan Sukjeongmun Inwangsan Changuimun Hyehwamun

7 Naksan

6 4 Changdeokgung Deoksugung 5 8 Gyeonghuigung 9 Heunginjimun Site for

10 Gwanghuimun 3 11 Site for Souimun

Sungnyemun 2 1 Namsan 12

1~12 Direction of Routes

Panoramic View of Seoul from Namsan 04/ 055

The Fortress Wall Four Main Gates of SeoulHistorical Site 10 and Four Sub – Gates

Encompassing Hanyang, the capital of the Joseon Dynasty, the Fortress The Fortress Wall of Seoul has four main gates in the directions toward Wall of Seoul was built along the ridge of Inwangsan338m , Bukaksan342m, north, east, west and south, and four sub-gates between them. They Naksan125m and Namsan262m and runs over 18.6 km. were not completed during the 1st period of the construction in 1396 but * “Fortress Wall of Seoul” is called with a Korean pronunciation of Seoul Hanyang Doseong. completed during the 2nd period in the same year.

Beginning of the Fortress Wall of Seoul of construction and the name of the town along with construction period. In 1422, Four main gates are named as Heunginjimun Sukjeongmun (Bukjeongmun) Overthrowing the Goryeo Dynasty in July 1392, Taejo Yi Seong-gye founded the the fortress walls made of earth were replaced with stones, being built higher (east), Donuimun (west), Sungnyemun (south), and Sukcheongmun (north); and

Joseon Dynasty at Suchanggung, Gaeseong. However, he moved the capital to than before. In 1704, the fortress wall was re-built and piled through a five-year four sub-gates are called Hyehwamun (northeast), Gwanghuimun (southeast), Changuimun Hyehwamun (Jahamun) Hanyang (Present day Seoul) in October, 1394. Then, he built palaces and fa- major reconstruction. Souimun (southwest), and Changuimun (northwest). Name for these gates were (Dongsomun) cilities and established Doseongchukjodogam in September 1395. Since January given based on five principles of Confucianism and five elements of Yin and Yang North 9th, 1396, construction of the fortress wall had been started and was almost Destruction and Restoration of the Fortress Wall of Seoul philosophy. As “In” represents east, the gate in the eastern area was named 智 completed within 49 days as of February 28th. However, the 2nd construction Though the Fortress Wall of Seoul that was continuously maintained and re- Heunginmun. As “Ui” represents west, the gate in the western area was named was carried out for 49 days from August 9th to September 24th because of the paired during the period of Joseon Dynasty, many parts of it were destroyed Donuimun. As “Ye” indicates south, the gate in the southern area was named Donuimun Heunginjimun West 義 信 仁 East short period and poor quality of the construction. At this point, main gates and due to city planning during Japanese occupation period. Also, the fortress walls Sungnyemun. However, though “Ji” denotes north, as an exception, the gate in (Seodaemun) (Dongdaemun) sub-gates had been completed. around Heunginjimun, Donuimun and Sungnyemun were destroyed because of the northern area was named Sukcheongmun. “Sin,” representing the center, the introduction of tram lines. After Korea became independent, the Korean can be found in Bosingak, the bell pavilion at the center of Seoul. 禮 Construction of the Fortress Wall of Seoul War and ill-considered urbanization gave further damage to the fortress wall. South

Based on the section of 180m, construction of the fortress wall during the King Then, major restoration of the Fortress Wall of Seoul was carried out from 1975 Souimun Gwanghuimun (Sugumun) Taejo period was carried out in 97 sections. Starting from the peak of Bukaksan, to 1982. Along with the restoration of Hyehwamun and Gwanghuimun, partial (Seosomun) each section was named with a Chinese character from Cheonjamun. 118,000 repair operation has been continued since then. After 2000, as historical and Sungnyemun people were mobilized for the 1st construction, and the 2nd construction had cultural values of the Fortress Wall of Seoul were re-examined with keen atten- () 790,400 people participated in. In the sections on the mountain, the fortress wall tion, the restoration operation kept proceeding on a purpose to be registered as was built with stones, while the fortress wall was built with earth on the flatland. UNESCO World Heritage. There are still stones engraved with the names and titles of supervisor in charge 06/ 077

Structure of Construction the Fortress Wa l l Method by Period

The fortress wall consists of Cheseong (body) and Yeojang (short fence After the Fortress Wall of Seoul was firstly built during the Taejo period, it on the body). As for special facilities, there are Gokjang, Chiseong, went through major expansion during the King Sejong period and recon- Seongmun, Munru, Ongseong, Ammun and Sumun. struction during the King Sukjong period. Construction methods of each period are unique so that they can be easily recognized.

Cheseong Gokjang (Gokseong) Ongseong Fortress Wall during the Taejo Period(1392 – 1398) Body of the fortress wall Curved part of the fortress wall. This can be found in two sections, Bukaksan The semi-circled fortress wall to hide the gate for more effective defense. Heung- Natural stones were roughly cut. The size of stones became smaller as of upper and Inwangsan. injimun is the only gate that has Ongseong. part of the wall. For Seongdol, roughly-cut granite and gneiss were used. Though Yeojang only few walls remain during the Taejo period, they can be easily found near Also known as Seonggakui or Seongcheop, Yeojang is built in a way that soldiers Chiseong Sumun Namsan. can fire guns covering themselves behind it. One Yeojang is called one Ta. In Squared part of the fortress wall. Part of it is restored in the Dongdaemun History There were Hongyemun to let the water flow where the fortress meets the one Ta, there are three Chongans. At the center, there is Geunchongan for short & Culture Park. stream. The Fortress Wall of Seoul had Ogansumun next to Heunginjimun and Fortress Wall during the Sejong Period(1418 – 1450) range shooting and there are two Wonchongan for long range shooting on its Igansumun where the stream from Namsan flows. Currently, a 1/2 size of Ogan- Stones were square-cut. The lower part of the wall consists of relatively big both sides. Seongmun and Munru sumun remains a slightly off from its original location, and Igansumun is restored stones and, the upper area is made up of small ones. Just as the wall during the The gate of fortress wall is Seongmun, and the pavilion on top of the fortress is in the Dongdaemun History & Culture Park. Taejo period, it is slanted inward as of upper part. Granite was used for Seongdol. Okgaeseok Munru. As for Seongmun, the Fortress Wall of Seoul has four main gates and Roof stone placed on the Yeojang. It prevents rain from entering Cheseong. For four sub-gates. There used to be nine gates as Namsomun was built between Ammun Fortress Wall during the Sukjong Period(1674 – 1720) defense, it can be dropped to enemies climbing up the wall. Sungnyemun and Gwanghuimun. A small gate for secret transfer of troops or military materials. Normally, it was Stones were square-cut around 60cm. Thus, the wall is better structured and closed with stones and used only during wartime. Currently, there are eight Am- stands out almost perpendicularly. Granite was used for Seongdol. Different from

One Ta muns in the Fortress Wall of Seoul. walls during the Taejo and Sejong periods, the wall has Yeojang almost intact. Okgaeseok Wonchongan Geunchongan

Yeojang Munru

Gokjang (Gokseong) Seongmun Cheseong Hongye (Hongyemun) Ongseong Fortress Wall Fortress Wall Fortress Wall Chiseong Ongseong (Heunginjimun) Sumun (Ogansumun) during the Taejo Period during the Sejong Period during the Sukjong Period 08 / 099

Walking Along Preparation Section 1 Coexistence of Past and Seoul under Section 2 the Fortress Wall of Seoul Present around Inwangsan Bukaksan

Direction Comfortable Outfit, Shoes and Backpack You can walk clockwise or counterclockwise. Both directions have advantages. Choose a comfortable outfit made of light and soft materials. You had better not Walking counterclockwise will be an easier route, and you can visit sites ac- wear cotton clothes as they may absorb sweat fast but do not dry quickly. Soft cording to Sunseong which is a Joseon tradition. This document shows sites sneakers with cushion, trekking shoes or hiking boots will be helpful. You need according to Sunseong. a backpack to carry snacks, water and extra clothes. In winter, you need to wear gloves and hat. After snow, you need climbing eisens for your shoes. Sunseong during the Joseon Dynasty During the Joseon Dynasty, people used to walk along the fortress and enjoyed Small but Useful Things Sungnyemun – Changuimun Section | Length: 5.3km/Required Time: 3 hours 30 minutes Changuimun – Hyehwamun Section | Length: 4.7km/Required Time: 3 hours 342m surrounding views. This was called Sunseong. According to Hangyeongjiryak, Snacks such as candy and chocolate, sun block, hat, sun glasses, long sleeves, Starting from Sungnyemun, the front gate of the Fortress Wall of Seoul, you The wall was built along the steep ridge of Bukaksan . On the top of the geography book of Seoul in late Joseon Dynasty, it says that “it took about raincoat, notebook, pen, camera, ID, plastic bag for garbage. can see many traces of the last period of Daehan Jeguk (Korean Empire) and Bukaksan, you can enjoy the amazing view of Seoul. To pass between time as much as from sunrise to sunset as people walked along the fortress and Japanese occupation in Jeongdong-gil. Then, you can walk along the ridge of Changuimun and Malbawi, you need an ID (See page 16). 338m enjoyed surrounding views.” This tradition continued during Japanese occupa- Etiguette Inwangsan to arrive at Changuimun. The Inwangsan ridge will be tion period. You should walk slowly on the right side. When you walk in group, you should closed until May 2012 for restoration (See page 10). walk in one line. You should not leave garbage. You should be careful not to dam- age the wall. Section 3 History Meets 600-Year Capital Section 4 Fashion and Culture at a Glance

Hyehwamun – Gwanghuimun Section | Length: 3.2km/Required Time: 2 hours Gwanghuimun – Sungnyemun Section | Length: 5.4km/Required Time: 3 hours This section has a gentle slope that anyone can enjoy. Starting from Heungin- Starting from Gwanghuimun, you can see well-preserved walls and paths jimun, the only main gate that has Onseong, you can walk through to Gwanghu- around Jangchung-dong. In spite of many stairs in Namsan262m, the overgrown imun. It is frustrated that walls on the flatland are damaged much (See page 20). forest gives you fresh air. Do not miss a night view from Namsan (See page 24). Naksan Fortress Wall Section 1 Sungnyemun – Changuimun Section Coexistence of Past and Present around Inwangsan 10/ 11

1 Point of arrival Yewon School

 Nonghyup 4 Coexistence of Past Changuimun  Bukaksan 3 4 100-Year Hall, Ewha Girls’ High School 5 5  Jungmyeongjeon 3 Poet Yun Dong-ju’s Hill 2 and Present 6 Ewha Girls’ High School  Jeongdong Theater City Hall Station 1 Deoksugung Seoul Square Jahamun Tunnel 2 Seodaemun Station7 around Inwangsan 8 Jeongdong Jeil Church 

Seodaemun Police Station 6 Russia Embassy  Seosomun Annexed Building 1 7 This section starts from Sungnyemun, the front gate of the For- Seoul Museum of Art 12 tress Wall of Seoul, and runs through sites of Souimun and Donuimun, Inwangsan

Inwangsan338m, and Changuimun. Along with Jangchung-dong, the area 11 8 National Police Agency 4  covering Sungnyemun and sites of Souimun and Donuimun are severely Midong Elementary School 10 City Hall Station Paichai Hakdang damaged so that you cannot walk along the entire fortress wall. Then, History Museum 9

you are led to Jeong-dong where global powers such as Japan and TONGILRO Site of Souimun Gokjang Baewha Women’s University Russia competed during the Daehan Jeguk period. Passing by Gyeong- Gyeongbokgung  Parking Tower gyojang where Kim Gu has stayed, Hong Nan-pa’s house, Dilkusha, and 2 S E J O N G D A E R O Zen Rocks and Guksadang SEOSOMUNRO ginkgo tree at the site of General Gwon Yul, you will arrive to the top of Inwangsan. Here, you can see Seoul and its surrounding mountains at a  Hoam Art Hall glance. When going over Inwangsan, you will meet Poet Yun Dong-ju’s

R O M U N 3 A E Hill and then Changuimun. M D Dongnimmun Station N A Seosomon  Korea Chamber of Dilkusha Geunrin Park Commerce & Industry Site of General Gwon Yul’s House Sajik Tunnel Sungnyemun Dongnimmun Station Course | Sungnyemun – Site for Souimum – Site of Donuimun – Hong Nan-pa’s House SOWOLRO CHILPAERO Inwangsan – Changuimun Gyeonghuigung

Since the Inwangsan path is closed for restoration until May 2012, you have TIP Gyeonggyojang to take the Inwang skyway to go to Changuimun.  n o Site of Donuimun YTN Tower  ti ta S n o Jungmyeongjeon Starting Point of Section 1 e 1 y h e 3 o Length | 5.3km / 3.29miles 5 H Deoksugung Required Time | 3 hours 30 minutes 3 4 Difficulty Level | Sungnyemun – Site of General Gwon Yul: Low City Hall Station Site of General Gwon Yul – Changuimun: Medium Site of Souimun ● 4 n o i t a t 5 S 100m 6 l u 7 Fortress Wall of Seoul Subway 0.1miles o e

S Preservation/Restoration Section Lines 1 Lines 2  Sungnyemun Lost Section Lines 3 Lines 4 Chungjeongro Station Map Around Sungnyemun Pedestrian Path Lines 5 Lines 6 Hoehyeon Station Exit 3 of 103, 104, 105, 163, 201, 202, 261, 262, 263, 402, 405, 406, 408, 604, 700, 701, 702, 704, 707, 7017, 7019, 7021, 7022, 8880, 9409, 9710 Under Construction Transfer Station Starting point 500m Exit 9 of City Hall Station 0.3miles Section 1 Sungnyemun – Changuimun Section Coexistence of Past and Present around Inwangsan 12/ 13

2 3 Ammun Baewha Women’s University

SAJIKRO

 Okgyeongi Super

Haengchon Apartment 

Maedong Elementary School  Site of General Dilkusha  Gwon Yul’s House

Sajik Park L E N U N T I K S A J

SAJIKRO

E L Samgeori Super  N N U T  Hong Nan-pa’s I K  Okgyeongi J A House Super S 25m Site of General Wolam Park Gwon Yul’s House  0.025miles Dilkusha  4 Entrance of Path to Inwangsan 

Samgeori Super 

Hong Nan-pa’s House 

Wolam Park  Seoul Welfare Foundation Gyeonghuigung Construction Section Sungnyemun Restoration INWANGSANRO It is the front gate of the Fortress Wall of Seoul and National Treasure No. 1. Since — it is located in the south, it is also called Namdaemun. After being built in 1396 for Restoration will use preexisting materials as much as pos- Seoul Metropolitan sible and cover right and left walls. Also, the traditional Office of Education the first time, it was reconstructed twice in 1398 and 1448. It has a rainbow-shaped Gokjang stone cutting method is used. Hongye at the center of Seokchuk and a two-story pavilion with five front sections with two side sections on Seokchuk. From the front to the back, its roof is trapezoidal

Zen Rocks and Guksadang  shape, while the roof is triangular shape from both sides. To distribute the weight of Signboard roof and eaves, it has Gongpo on top of pillars as well as between pillars. Before be- — Site of Donuimun It is said the signboard was written vertically to suppress ing burned down in February 2008, it was the oldest wooden building in Seoul. The Gyeonggyojang  the fireqi of Gwanaksan facing Gyeongbokgung. restoration started in February 2008 scheduled to be completed in December 2012. Gangbuk Samsung Hospital  Restoration will cover the pavilion as well as part of left and right walls.

100m 50m Semunanro 0.1miles 0.05miles Section 1 Sungnyemun – Changuimun Section Coexistence of Past and Present around Inwangsan 14/ 15

Hong Nan-pa’s House Zen Rocks Hong Nan-pa bought and lived in the There are two rocks similar to meditating western-style house built by German Buddhist monks, which give them a name missionaries using bricks in the 1930s. It of Zen Rocks. Thanks to their unique look, shows characteristics of western houses people came here to make wishes. in 1930s.

Wall around the Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry The wall between Sungnyemun and site of Souimun is partially restored. During the period of Japanese occupation, the wall was destroyed starting from the Sung- nyemun area. As well as Yeojang, Cheseong disappeared. However, the wall was partially restored with some of stones that previously composed the wall.

Donuimun Dilkusha and Site of General Gwon Yul’s House The main gate in the west, Donuimun, was built with other gates in the fifth year of The site with a 450-year-old ginkgo tree is a place where there was a house of Taejo and was also called Seodaemun, Saemun or Sinmun. In 1915 during the period General Gwon Yul who led the victory of Battle of Haengju during the Japanese of Japanese occupation, it was destroyed as the new tram line was constructed. The invasions of Korea. There is a small stone marker under the ginkgo tree indicating Jeong-dong intersection is supposed to be where Donuimun was located. this information. Next to this site, there is a house called Dilkusha where the U.S. correspondent Taylor who reported the 3.1 movement to the world lived. Dilkusha means pleasure and happiness in Hindi. Site of Donuimun — Seoul from Inwangsan As a part of City Gallery Project 2007, Though it is difficult to reach the top of Inwangsan, it is worth exerting your effort. The Seoul City built "Invisible Gate” as On the top of Inwangsan, you can see the most beautiful look of Seoul as well as a reminder of Donuimun. figure the whole Fortress Wall of Seoul. Also, you can take a clear look at Gyeong- bokgung and Gwanghwamun.

Souimun Poet Yun Dong-ju’s Hill As one of the four sub-gates, it was called Seosomun since it was located between As the one of the most influential poets Donuimun and Sungnyemun. When being built for the first time, it was called So- in the last period of Japanese occupa- deokmun, and then its name was changed to Souimun. During the Joseon period, tion, Yun (1917 – 1945) wrote poems to since all the corpses had to pass through Gwanghuimun or Souimun, corpses had to overcome dark reality of Korea. While pass through Souimun on their way to the western area. In 1914 during the period of he went to Yeonui Technical School, he Japanese occupation, it was completely destroyed as a part of city planning. made his lodgings in Nusang-dong close Jungmyeongjeon Gyeonggyojang to this place. At that time, he wrote his Site of Souimun It is the first western style palace built with The last president of the Provisional Gov- Fortress Wall in the Sajik Park — masterpieces such as “Prologue” and “A The stone marker for the site of Souimun bricks in 1901. It was used as a royal library ernment of the Republic of Korea, Kim Gu In this section, you can take the path inside or outside of the wall. On the inside path, Night for Counting Stars”. It is said he is located on the fence of the parking tower and its first name was Suokheon. Also, it worked and lived here from 1945 when he you can take a walk looking at high buildings in downtown. On the outside path, you next to Joongang Daily Building, which makes it came here often to get inspiration. is a place where the Eulsa Treaty was returned to Korea from China and June 26, can enjoy the fortress wall covered with ivy. At night, you can enjoy the lighted wall difficult to find the marker. So you have signed. 1949 when he was assassinated. and a view from Namsan. to be careful. 구간Section 1 2 숭례문 Changuimun  광희문 – Hyehwamun Section Seoul under Bukaksan 16/ 17

1 Changuimun 3 Starting Point of Section 2 Information Center C H This section includes Bukaksan (342m). Starting from Changuimun, you A N G  Seonjam Complex U I M U N R O will reach Baekakmaru, the highest point of the Fortress Wall of Seoul. After Seoul under  Choi Sunu’s Old House this point, you will see the section where the original fortress wall is best pre- Changuimun  Seoul King Cutlet Bukaksan served. There are Gakjaseongseoks which describe the names of construction  Poet Yun Dong-ju’s Hill supervisors, dates of construction, and Gokjang which is the only structure you Seoul Science High School can enter freely out of the Fortress Wall of Seoul. Between Cheongundae and Kyungshin Middle and Chotdaebawi observation, you can see the Gwanghwamun Park, out of line High Schools SEONGBUKRO with Gyeongbokgung’s center. After Sukjeongmun, Malbawi Information, and Waryong Park, you will enter downtown. Walking along the wall that runs the boundary between Hyehwa-dong, -gu, and Seongbuk-dong, Seongbuk- gu, you will meet Hyehwamun.

Course | Changuimun – Baekakmaru – Sukjeongmun – Hyehwa Elementary School

Malbawi Information Center – Waryong Park – Hyehwamun HYEHWARO Length | 4.7km / 2.92miles JAHAMUN TUNNEL Hyewhamun Required Time | 3 hours TIP Opening Hours to Bukaksan Difficulty Level | Changuimun – Sukjeongmun: High 10:00–15:00 (Winter), 09:00–15:00 (Summer), Closed on Mondays, ID required  Entrance of Path to Inwangsan 50m 50m Sukjeongmun – Seoul Science High School: Medium Starting Point of Section 3 0.05miles 0.05miles Seoul Science High School – Hyehwamun: Low Map around Changuimun Cross the road in front of the back gate of Seoul Science High School and walk Gokjang Gilsangsa 1020, 7022, 7212 along the wall of Kyungshin Middle and High Schools. Samcheonggak Sukjeongmun Information Center 2 Chotdaebawi  Sukjeongmun Observation Platform 2 Starting point Cheongundae Malbawi Information Center  Gansong Gallery S E O N G 1 B U K R Seonjam Complex O Simujang Samcheong Tunnel Changuimun  Changuimun 3 Choi Sunu’s Old House Malbawi  Information Center  Baekak Maru Information Center Seoul Science High School Bukaksan Seongbuk Kyungshin Middle and High Schools  Simujang Gansong Gallery  Elementary School  Waryong Park Point of arrival Jahamun Tunnel

Hansung Univ. Station Hyehwamun 

Seoul Science High School Fortress Wall of Seoul Subway Catholic University Seoul International Lines 1 Lines 2 Preservation/Restoration Section Waryong Park High School Lost Section Lines 3 Lines 4 Pedestrian Path Lines 5 Lines 6 Changgyeonggung 100m 400m Transfer Station 0.1miles 0.2miles Changdeokgung Section 2 Changuimun – Hyehwamun Section Seoul under Bukaksan 18 / 19

Changuimun Gokjang in the Bukaksan – As one of four sub-gates of the Fortress Wall of Seoul, it is facing northwest and is Baekakmaru Section also called Jahamun. In 1396, it was built with other gates and is the only gate that The wall runs from Gokjang in Bukaksan maintains the original shape. During the Coup of 1623, troops passed through this to the peak of Bukaksan, Baekakmaru. gate. The signboard recording this historical event is still hanged at the pavilion. The You can see one of the most beautiful phoenix was engraved in Hongye of the gate and was painted on the ceiling. It is said views of the Fortress Wall of Seoul. that the natural enemy of Changuimun, king of roosters, and phoenixes were engraved Also, the wall in the mountain is harmo- and also painted due to its shape in the outskirts with the shape similar with centi- nized with downtown of Seoul. pede. Outside of Changuimun, you can see Whanki Museum, Baekseokdongcheon, Baeksasil valley, Segeomjeong, part of Seokpajeong which was Daewongun’s villa, Tangchundaeseong’s Hongjimun and Bodogak Baekbul.

Fortress Wall in the Changuimun – Baekakmaru Section Fortress Wall around Cheongundae Sukjeongmun Fortress Wall of Seoul and Seongbuk-dong

The fortress wall in the Changuimun-Baekakmaru Section was built on the steep After Cheongundae293m, the road leads to outside. This road in the Bukaksan section Sukjeongmun was built for formality of four gates in the Fortress Wall of Seoul. Like After Sukjeongmun, the wall goes along the ridge of Waryong Park to Seongbuk- slope and has the most striking look. Since this section consists of all ascending is the only path outside of the fortress wall. Also, in this section, the Fortress Wall other gates, it was first built in 1396 and was named Sukcheongmun in the beginning. dong. In Seongbuk-dong, you still can feel the vibe of ancestors. There are the old stairs, it is the most difficult section. At the Dolphin rest area, you can take a break of Seoul is best preserved. Most of it was built during the King Sukjong period, but It was changed to Sukjeongmun afterwards. The current location is different from its houses of Heygok Choi Sunu who promoted beauty of Korea’s cultural treasures; old and enjoy the view. Since this section is the military area, you have to carry your ID some of it was built during the King Sejong period. original one, and it was moved during the Yeonsangun period. Since Sukjeongmun house of one of Cheongrokpa poets, Jo Ji-hun; site of Seonjandam where the memo- and fill out the hiking application. was built for formality of four gates, not for allowing people to pass, it was normally rial service for Seoneung, the farther of silkworm farming during the Joseon period; closed. Then, when a serious drought came, Sukjeongmun was kept opened, while Seonrakwon which is almost the only traditional private garden; Gilsangsa which Gakjaseongseok Gyeongbokgung and Gwanghwamun Sungnyemun was kept closed. However, when the rainy season lasted longer, Su- was the former high class bar and then turned into the Buddhist temple; Simujang On the wall near Cheongundae, the names Between Cheongundae and Chotdaebawi kjeongmun was kept closed with Sungnyemun opened. Under Sukjeongmun, there is where Manhae Han Yong-un lived; old house of Sangheo Lee Tae-jun who formed of supervisors and construction dates observation, you can see that Gwangh- the Sukjeongmun information center. Here, you can go to Samcheonggak or follow the nine groups of people with Lee Hyo-seok and Jeong Ji-yong; and Gansong Gal- were engraved. wamun park is little misaligned with Kim Sin Jo’s route to Palgakjeong and Haneulmaru in Bukak Skyway. lery which preserves collections of Gansong Jeon Hyeong-pil. Visiting these sites Gyeongbokgung’s center. will be a great experience. 구간Section 2 3 광희문 Hyehwamun  혜화문 – Gwanghuimun Section History Meets Fashion and Culture 20/ 21

1 2

SEONGBUKRO Point of arrival History Meets Ammun 7 Jangsumaeul 1 Hansung Univ. Station Hansung 6 University Hyewhamun  Starting Point of Section 3 5 Fashion and Culture 1

2 Catholic University Hansung4 University Station 3 This section is Naksan125m, the lowest mountain among the four SAMSEONGYORO mountains encompassing the Fortress Wall of Seoul. Naksan was also Naksan Park called Taraksan or Naktasan. When you start from Hyehwamun, you will Hyewhamun meet Naksan. After Naksan, you will see the east gate, Heunginjimun. Af- 2 Jangsumaeul ter the model of Ogansumun at , you can see Igansumun Ammun Naksan Naksan Children’s Park and Chiseong which were only recorded in documents but found while Hyehwa Station Jangsumaeul destroying Dongdaemun Stadium. Walking along the wall of Hanyang Naksan Park 50m Maronie Park Catholic University Technical High School, you see Gwanghuimun over the road. 0.05miles Naksan Changsin Station Map Around Hyehwamun

Course | Hyehwamun – Naksan – Heunginjimun – Ewhajang Ammun Exits 4 and 5 of Hansung University Station Dongdaemun History & Culture Park – Gwanghuimun 102, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 140, 143, 149, 150, 151, 160, 162, 710, 171, 172, 272, 273, 1111, 2112

Ammun 3 Seoul Design  YULGOKRO Length | 3.2km / 1.98miles Center 3 2 Required Time | 2 hours Dongdaemun Ammun 명동역 Difficulty Level | Hyehwamun – Heunginjimun: Middle Fortress Wall Park 1 4 Ewhajang 5 Heunginjimun – Gwanghuimun: Low Dongmyoap Station Dongdaemun Station 3 6 10 Dongdaemun Station  Heunginjimun Heunginjimun Jongro 5-ga Station Dongdaemun Station Jongno 3-ga Station 9 Ogansumun Model CHEONGGYECHEON

Igansumun 7 Chiseong Hunryeonwon Park 8  Ogansumun Model Eulgiro 4-ga Station Eulgiro 3-ga Station Dongdaemun History & Culture Park CHEONGGYECHEON Sindang Hanyang Technical Station 50m High School Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station 0.05miles Ammun Fortress Wall of Seoul Subway Gwanghuimun  Preservation/Restoration Section Lines 1 Lines 2 Map around Heunginjimun Lost Section Lines 3 Lines 4 Starting point Exits 6 and 7 of Dongdaemun Station Pedestrian Path Lines 5 Lines 6 50m 400m Transfer Station 101, 102, 103, 107, 108, 201, 260, 262, 270, 271, 301, 370, 721, 720, 2112, 7025 0.05miles 0.2miles

Chungmuro Station Section구간 2 3 광희문Hyehwamun  혜화문 – Gwanghuimun Section History Meets Fashion and Culture 22/ 23

Heunginjimun Heunginjimun is the east gate of the Fortress Wall of Seoul. It was built with other gates in 1396. At that time, the name was Heunginmun but changed to Heunginjimun later. What differentiates Heunginjimun from other gates is that this is the only gate with Ongseong, which is the semi-circled wall to hide the gate from outside. Heunginjimun has one more character in its name than other gates. It is said that since Heung- inmun was located in the low area, to compensate this, Ji (之) was added to its name. Hyehwamun Fortress Wall in Naksan and Bukhansan As a sub-gate located in the northwest of the Fortress Wall of Seoul, Hyehwamun The fortress wall runs along the ridge of Naksan and Bukhansan to the north of is also called Dongsomun. It was built with other gates in 1396. At that time, the Seoul radiates its magnificence. The wall in Naksan is well preserved. The path in name was Honghwamun but changed to Hyehwamun later. Though it is a sub-gate, Naksan was built by removing houses located right below the wall. it serves as a main gate since it was connected to Gyeongwongado, spanning to Gakjaseongseok around Igansumun north from Hanyang that result in busy circulation of people, and Sukjeongmun was Heunginjimun Hongyesumun was built over the wa- always closed. Just as Changuimun, the phoenix is engraved on the ceiling. It is There are Gakjaseongseoks around en- terway where the water from Namsan said that the king of birds, phoenix was painted to prevent damage caused by birds. trance from Heunginjimun to Naksan. merged into Cheonggyecheon. Its exist- Originally, Hyewhamun was located on the hill of Dongsomunro. Encryptions on them show they were ence was only recorded in documents. placed in 1706. However, it was discovered when the Dongdaemun Stadium was torn down. Night View in the Naksan Section Even at night, you can walk the Naksan section. Especially, the view is famous for harmonizing the wall in Naksan and Namsan. You can both walk inside and outside of the wall. However, it is better to walk the outside of the wall Cheonggyecheon and Ogansumun Model Chiseong as you can enjoy both four mountains Ogansumun is the water gate built under Chiseong is the part protruding from the wall so that troops can attack approaching encompassing Seoul and downtown in Heunginjimun and Gwanghuimun. Howev- enemies from their front and side. Its existence was only recorded in documents. Seoul. er, for better water flow, in 1907, the gate However, it was discovered when the Dongdaemun Stadium was torn down. At the was removed and the bridge was built. And site of Dongdaemun Stadium, many remains from the Joseon period were found. then the bridge was also destroyed. And they are exhibited in the Dongdaemun History and Culture Park. 구간Sectionn 1 4 숭례문 Gwanghuimun  광희문 – Sungnyemun Section 600-Year Capital at a Glance 24/ 25

1 Dongdaemun 2 History & Culture 262m This section covers Namsan which is the southern mountain among four 14 Park Station others encompassing Seoul. Except for some of the walls connected to Gwanghuimun, 13 Dongdaemun Seoul Club Jangchung 600-Year Capital Design Plaza Middle 12 School JANGCHUNGDANRO walls between Gwanghuimun and Jangchung Stadium are severely destroyed. Due to Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station Y 11 1 A National Theater of Korea W Korea Freedom T L tight construction of the houses it is not easy to find the trace of walls. However, around n E Federation 10 o B i t at a Glance a N t Hanyang R S 9 k 2 E the Jangchung Stadium, the wall remains intact. The section is connected to Namsan, r Technical High H a T P R e r School O u N lt showing that the wall was built during the Taejo period, and there are the beacon mound u C  & 3 ry Information to and Seoul’s center point on top of the Namsan. When you go down Namsan, visit the 8 is Center H n u m e a Gwanghuimun Jamdubong Observation to see three other mountains encompassing Seoul and figure d g n Site of Namsomun o D 4  Banyan Tree out the trace of the Fortress Wall of Seoul. Passing by the Adong Square, you can see Club & Spa 5 TOEGYERO Seoul  Sungnyemun.  Usu Observation Platform

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R Course | Gwanghuimun – Namsan Beacon Mound – Adong Square – Sungnyemun N

B Length 5.4km / 3.35miles Starting Point of Section 4 E | L

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CHEONGGURO 50m

A Required Time 3 hours Y | 0.05miles Difficulty Level | Gwanghuimun – Site of Namsomun: Low JANGCHUNGDANRO Site of Namsomun – Sungnyemun: Medium From Club Banyan tree, go to the front of the National Theater of Korea. From there, walk 150m passing by the information center. Then you will reach the fork of the Eulgiro 4-ga Station 1 Eulgiro 3-ga Station Point of arrival Namsan Belt Way. If you go left 90m, you will see the line that divides Jung-gu and  Chingune Mart Fortress Wall of Seoul Subway Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station 시청역  Baekgu Cleaning Yongsan-gu. If you go right, you will see stairs that lead to the path along the wall. Preservation/Restoration Section Lines 1 Lines 2 Gwanghuimun  Lost Section Lines 3 Lines 4 Pedestrian Path Lines 5 Lines 6 3

Under Construction Transfer Station

Chungmuro Station Starting point Myeongdong Station

 Namsan Beacon Mound  Sungnyemun  Dongguk Univ. Station  Palgakjeong Rest Area Palgakjeong  N Seoul Towe Hoehyeon Station Namsangol

Village Jangchung I L - G N Stadium O W Dongkuk University G Jangchung N Soong Eui O G 4 Elementary N Adong Square Women’s College A 3 S Shilla Hotel School M  A Namsan Tunnel 3  Sindang-dong Catholic Church N 4 Hilton Hotel Namsan Tunnel 1 Namsan Tunnel 2 Yaksu Station Seoul Station 5 Ammun Namsan Library 2 3 Jangchung  Namsan Beacon Mound National Theater of Korea Stadium 50m 100m Palgakjeong Korea Freedom Federation 0.05miles 0.1miles Namsan Park Banyan Tree Club & Spa Seoul Map around Gwanghuimun When you go over the wall, you will reach the Namsan path. Walk 250m from the Site of Namsan Namsomun Exit 3 of Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station wall and turn left at the fork to N Seoul Tower. Then walk 150m more and turn right 400m Namsan Park 202, 263, 421, 500, 507, 2014, 2233 at the fork to N Seoul Tower. 0.2miles Northern Beltway Beotigogae Station Sectionn 4 Gwanghuimun – Sungnyemun Section 600-Year Capital at a Glance 26/ 27

4 From the Photo Island of Jamdubong, N

Do-dong Samgeori A take stairs to go down and turn right at

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the fork. Pass by the Namsan fountain

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U Adong Square SOPARO N N

E and then you will meet the Seoul Edu- L

3 cation Research Institute. Take stairs Baekbeom Square

Construction Section next to the institute and turn left. Then you will meet the three-way road. Keep walking in the same direction to cross the road, and take Soparo to reach Do-

Joongang Park  Namsan dong samgeori. To your left, you will see Fountain  Patriot Ahn Jung-geun the Adong Square and restored wall. Memorial Hall When this place is completely restored,  Seoul Namsan Library you can go to the Adong Square directly

100m from the Jungang Square by way of the Wall in the Jangchung-dong – Sindang-dong Section Wall in the Namsan Section 0.1miles Baekbeom Square. The wall in the flatland survived miraculously through harsh times. The wall is mar- The wall runs from the south of Namsan Belt Way to the velously harmonized with nearby trees. top of Namsan. In this section, the wall first built during Damage to the Wall the Taejo period is well preserved. The Fortress Wall of Seoul was severely damaged during the period of Japanese Occupation and then was hit hard again due to fast expansion of Seoul. Along with the Sungnyemun-Site of Donuimun section, this Gwanghuimun-Jangchung Stadium section is the most severely damaged section. Since both sections are flatland, increasing population and urbanization removed the fortress wall. The picture shows the fortress wall which became part of the private house. Gwanghuimun Ammun As a sub-gate located in the southeast of the Fortress Wall of Seoul, Gwanghuimun It is a small gate for troops or materials was built with other gates in 1396. It was also called Sugumun since there was to pass through secretly. a water gate around it. During the Joseon period, since all corpses had to pass Namsan Beacon Mound and Fire Signaling Palgakjeong and N Seoul Tower through Gwanghuimun or Souimun, corpses had to pass through Gwanghuimun on Center Point of Seoul Namsan was the final destination of fire signals coming from five directions around the nation. Therefore, there are five Palgakjeong is a symbol of Namsan and N their way to eastern area. As it is located between Dongdaemun and Namdaemun, The geological center point of Seoul is beacon mounds. There are five stages of signals: One smoke signal means everything is in order; two signals mean the Seoul Tower is one of landmarks in Seoul. it could be called Namsomun. However, there was another gate called Namsomun. on the top of Namsan. This is where enemy is seen around the border; three signals mean the enemy is approaching the border; four signals mean the enemy is Palgakjeong is built over the place where In Janchungdan-gil to Hannam-dong, there was Namsomun, which was built so there was the latitude/longitude origin crossing borders; and five signals mean engagement against enemies. Because there is no record on exact location of the there was Guksadang which was used as that people could reach the Hangang dock easily. However, it was not used long which was used to determine geological beacon mound, the current mound was restored on the most likely place. a place to hold a rite for welfare of the and closed 12 years after its construction. locations. country during the Joseon period. Sectionn구간 1 4 숭례문 Gwanghuimun  광희문 – Sungnyemun Section 28/ 29 Namsan Belt Way Photo Island in Jamdubong Information of The Namsan Belt Way is divided into The observation platform in the middle the southern route and northern route of Namsan is named Jamdubong as it the Fortress Wall of Seoul based on the top of Naman. Though the resembles the head of the silkworm. southern route is conditionally open Here, you can see the Fortress Wall of for vehicles, the northern route is fully Seoul that runs through Inwangsan, Regular Guided Tour Seoul Tourism Information Center Schedule : March – November, 13:30 – 17:00, Every Sunday Gwanghwamun : 02-735-8688 │ 215, Sejong-no 1ga, Jongno-gu closed for vehicles. Bukaksan and Naksan. Event : Guided Tour over the Fortress Wall of Seoul in (In front of Dongwha Duty Free Shop) Namsan Stairs and Fortress Wall cooperation with Jongno-gu Heunginjimun : 02-2236-9135 │ 18-21, Eulji-ro 6ga, Jung-gu Take the stairs to Sungnyemun from Available for : 40 applicants (first come first served) (In front of Good Morning Shopping Mall)

the Namsan Beacon Mound and you How to apply : Online application at http://tour.jongno.go.kr : 02-752-1913 │ 49, Namchang-dong, Jung-gu will see the trace of walls. As stairs are Application Procedure : Online application→Application closing→Ticket Printing→Start (50m from Exit 5 of Subway Line 4) not fast and wide, you can walk down Preparation : Comfortable clothes, shoes, camera, pens, notebooks, ID, etc Global Center : 02-2075-4119 │ 25, Taepyeong-no 1ga, Jung-gu easily. In the past, they were much nar- Hosted by : Seoul KYC │ 02-2273-2276 (3rd Fl., Press Center) Pungmul Market : 02-3789-7961 │ 109-5, Sinseol-dong, Dongdaemun-gu rower. Stamp Tour (Between 1st and 2nd floors in Pungmul Market)

How to Use Stamp Tour Myeong-dong : 02-3798-7961 │ 5th Fl., M Plaza Building, 31-1, Start : Receive a map and start a tour from one of four locations. Myeong-dong 2ga, Jung-gu Tour : Receive stamps at designated locations. End : Receive stamps from four sections, complete the questionnaire, and receive Opening Hours for the Changuimun – Malbawi Section the souvenir badge. Summer(April – October) : 9 AM – 3 PM ※ Since Sungnyemun is under restoration, the badge is not available. Winter(November – March) : 10 AM – 3 PM Sungnyemun Taken by Australian Closed on Mondays (If Monday is a holiday, it is closed on Tuesday.) ID Required Photographer George Rose Stamp Tour Locations Benevolence (仁) : Heunginjimun │ 02-731-0808 Fortress Wall of Seoul Information Center This picture was taken in 1904. The for- Righteousness (義) : Donuimun │ 02-2001-1112 Malbawi Information Center │ 02-765-0297~8 tress wall around Sungnyemun is intact Propriety (禮) : Sungnyemun │ 02-731-1186 Sukjeongmun Information Center │ 02-747-2152~3

and makes a clear demarcation. In the Wisdom (智) : Sukjeongmun │ 02-765-0297 Changuimun Information Center │ 02-730-9924~5 right top, there is Munru of Sungnyemun

and Inwangsan stands behind it. It is Dasan Call Center │ 120 thought that the picture was taken on the Tourism Information Center │ 1330 Walking Along fortress wall around Namsan Sowol-gil. Emergency Medical Center │ 1339 the Fortress Wall From: 1904 George Rose AKF. UCR/CMP Seoul Global Center │ 1688-0120 Seoul City Tour Bus │ 02-777-6090 Restored Fortress Wall Restored Fortress Wall Seoul Pedestrian Tour Route │ 02-6925-0777 of Seoul in the Adong Square in Namsan Sowol-gil 02-2148-1863 Tourism Business, Jongno-gu │ Published in February 2012 The fortress wall in Namsan is being The fortress wall was restored by keep- Seoul KYC Fortress Guide │ 02-2273-2276 Published by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism / Korean Trails and Culture Foundation restored. In the first stage, the fortress ing the original wall remained from Produced by Ahn Graphics wall in the Adong Square was restored. Adong Square to Sungnyemun. Also,

Through three stages, fortress walls will you can find Gakjaseongseok from the You can download PDF files in Korean, English, and Japanese from Green Tour Homepage (www.gtour.or.kr) and be restored in the Baekbeom Square outside of the wall. Korean Trails and Culture Foundation (www.tnc.or.kr). and Joongang Square. ※Unauthorized duplication or distribution of this document is prohibited www.mcst.go.kr, www.tnc.or.kr Starting Point of Section 2 Sukjeongmun

Changuimun

Bukaksan Sungshin Women's Univ. Station

Starting Point of Section 3

Hyehwamun

Hansung Univ. Station

Inwangsan

Changdeokgung Hyehwa Station

Gyeongbokgung Naksan Changsin Station Changgyeonggung

Sajikdan Gyeonggbokgung Station

Dongnimmun Station Jongmyo Heunginjimun

Dongmyoap Station Dongdaemun Station Gyeonghuigung Jongno 5-ga Station Jongno 3-ga Station Site of Donuimun Jonggak Station CHEONGGYECHEON

Eulgiro 3-ga Station Eulgiro 4-ga Station Seodaemun Station Gwanghuimun Deoksugung Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station Sindang Station Site of Souimun City Hall Station

Sungnyemun Myeongdong Station Chungmuro Station Cheonggu Station Dongguk Univ. Station Chungjeongro Station Hoehyeon Station Starting Point of Section 4

Starting Point of Section 1 Yaksu Station Seoul Station Seoul Station

Site of Namsomun

Fortress Wall of Seoul Subway Lines 1 Lines 2 Preservation/Restoration Section Beotigogae Station Lost Section Lines 3 Lines 4 Pedestrian Path Lines 5 Lines 6 Namsan

Under Construction Transfer Station 500m 0.3miles