Di Repubblica LEONARDO COEN E MARIO FOSSATI

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Di Repubblica LEONARDO COEN E MARIO FOSSATI l’inchiesta Tutto il mondo nel nostro computer La FEDERICO RAMPINI e MAURIZIO RICCI Domenica il racconto La magia perduta dei velodromi DOMENICA 17 LUGLIO 2005 di Repubblica LEONARDO COEN e MARIO FOSSATI Il tesoro segreto del dittatore Milioni di dollari nascosti all’estero, l’ombra del narcotraffico: dopo essersi salvato da tre processi, Augusto Pinochet rischia di venire condannato per furto ed evasione FOTO REUTERS OMERO CIAI LUIS SEPÚLVEDA i luoghi SANTIAGO DEL CILE uandoPinochet era detenuto a Londra su ordine del giudice spagnolo Baltasar Garzón, e in tutte Marcheshire, le colline sottovoce heil generale fosse avido si sapeva. Il giorno dopo il Gol- le capitali finanziarie del mondo arrivava un’or- EMANUELA AUDISIO pe, nel ‘73, si regalò uno stipendio dieci volte superiore dinanza dello stesso giudice perché congelasse- cultura a quello che percepiva l’anno prima: da 447 mila escu- ro in via cautelare tutti i suoi beni finché non fos- dos a cinque milioni e mezzo. L’anno successivo, più Qse stata appurata la legalità della loro origine, La storia dimenticata degli émigrés russi Cmodestamente, lo raddoppiò: undici milioni. Che il generale fosse dalla sua casa-prigione londinese il vecchio satrapo iniziò a avaro si sospettava. Nel corso dei cinquecentotré giorni che fu co- praticare un’inusitata ginnastica bancaria. Con una lucidità SANDRO VIOLA stretto a trascorrere a Londra, dal mandato di cattura internazionale strana per un uomo affetto da «demenza vascolare lieve», tra- del giudice spagnolo Baltazar Garzón, riuscì ad organizzare una col- sferì fondi da una banca all’altra, cedette la proprietà di un spettacoli letta per le spese mentre affondava le mani nei fondi riservati dell’e- lussuoso appartamento nella località balneare di Viña del sercito cileno che, alla fine, avrebbe pagato sia gli avvocati che l’affit- Mar a uno dei suoi nipoti, e realizzò dozzine di operazioni che to della villa a Virginia Waters, camerieri compresi. Ma che avesse ac- sicuramente devono aver spaventato i suoi complici statuni- La rivoluzione di Spielberg&Lucas cumulato una fortuna — fra i 100 e i 150 milioni di dollari — e l’avesse tensi della Riggs Bank. SILVIA BIZIO e ANTONIO MONDA nascosta all’estero è una sceneggiatura piuttosto indigesta perfino Dirigenti e consiglieri di amministrazione della Riggs Bank per una destra dura e pura come quella cilena. Pinochet che occulta il sono stati apertamente complici di Pinochet, e per dimo- l’incontro patrimonio alle tasse e si fa beccare con una truffa al fisco da venti mi- strarlo è sufficiente citare una delle conclusioni a cui è arri- lioni di dollari rischia, dopo essersi salvato grazie agli esami medici da vata la commissione di inchiesta del Senato Usa riguardo agli Menotti: “Odio il mio Festival” tre processi per la scomparsa di migliaia di oppositori politici, di fini- illeciti commessi dalla succitata banca e ai suoi rapporti con LEONETTA BENTIVOGLIO re condannato come un evasore fiscale qualsiasi. Come Al Capone. il dittatore cileno. (segue nella pagina successiva) (segue nella pagina successiva) 22 LA DOMENICA DI REPUBBLICA DOMENICA 17 LUGLIO 2005 la copertina Scampato a tre processi per i crimini commessi quando Transizione cilena era al potere, il Generale rischia ora di venire condannato per i soldi rubati allo Stato e, come Al Capone, per evasione fiscale. Gli investigatori cercano una fortuna accumulata con ogni mezzo, che ha permesso a lui e a suoi familiari di mettere in piedi un impero economico. Con l’ombra del narcotraffico Dollari e cocaina, il “cartello” del OMERO CIAI gretaria particolare dell’ex dittatore, messa in carcere dal giudice Muñoz con (segue dalla copertina) l’accusa di complicità. Ma rischiano tut- ti. In particolare rischia Marco Antonio l giudice che indaga, Sergio Pinochet, il secondo maschio della cop- Muñoz, ha già ottenuto la revoca pia, indicato dalla Commissione Usa co- dell’immunità di cui gode come ex me colui che ha assunto la gestione della presidente e lo incriminerà nei fortuna segreta negli ultimi anni. Per un prossimi giorni. Eppure, pensano quarto di secolo Pinochet ha avuto 125 oggi molti tra i suoi fan delusi, non conti correnti nelle banche americane. Is’era fatto mancare proprio niente. In di- Trenta soltanto nel Riggs Bank. Gli altri ciassette anni di dittatura, ed in altri otto nelle filiali del Citigroup a Washington e come capo dell’esercito, era riuscito a a Miami, nel Banco Atlantico e nel San- comprarsi tre case principesche. La villa tander Central Hispano. Più numerosi in montagna, il Melocoton, al Cajon del fondi di investimento nel Coutts&Co. Maipo, sulle Ande; quella in città, in calle Tutti i conti vennero aperti con passa- Los Flamencos, a La Dehesa, con tre etta- porti falsi utilizzando ben dieci identità ri di giardino, un sistema di sicurezza a diverse: da José Ugarte a Daniel Lopez. prova di attacco aereo e tunnel d’uscita Per Joe Allbritton, l’ex proprietario del segreto; e quella al mare, los Boldos, cin- Riggs, Pinochet era uno dei quattro o cin- quanta ettari, a Bucalemu, con una sala que clienti più importanti. Lui e sua mo- per il cinema, la palestra e perfino una glie Barbara venivano invitati con una cappella. E poi trenta agenti di scorta, certa frequenza in Cile per discutere gli auto costose, jeep, fuo- investimenti e, come ristrada, una biblioteca dimostra un singolare con diecimila volumi, Il “sacco” fa infuriare carteggio sequestrato terreni, mobili d’anti- dai giudici, si scambia- quariato. Scorrendo le anche i suoi sostenitori vano auguri e opinioni sue denunce dei redditi di carattere generale. si può avere facilmente si sentono traditi Allbritton ammirava l’idea di un capofami- che : Pinochet e lui lo ricam- glia in pensione più che biava donandogli in benestante senza alcun “Io l’ho venerato, anteprima i suoi noio- problema finanziario sissimi volumi di me- presente né futuro. ma non so cosa farei se morie. Curiosamente Neppure figli, cognati e Pinochet è rimasto in- nipoti possono lamen- lo incontrassi ora” castrato in un 11 set- tarsi. A parte Augusto jr. tembre. Non nel suo sempre alla prese con ma in quello di New qualche truffa, il resto del clan è florido. York. Senza il Patriot Act e le nuove rego- Possiedono un piccolo impero econo- le antiterrorismo che impongono alle mico, costruito senza scrupoli nei lunghi banche americane di indagare la prove- anni del potere assoluto, con una cin- nienza dei soldi dei loro clienti, la con- quantina di aziende che vanno dal le- suetudine dei corrotti d’America Latina gname alla chimica, dall’immobiliare — narcotrafficanti compresi — di na- alle assicurazioni. scondere i tesori negli States non sareb- Così anche alla Fondazione, il bunker be stata scoperta e del denaro occultato degli irriducibili nella zona nord di San- da Pinochet non avremmo saputo nulla. tiago, con la grande sala dov’è esposto il suo ritratto a figura intera, c’è sconcer- I conti all’estero to. Monica Wehrhanh, l’ex portavoce, Tutti i conti negli Stati Uniti sono stati can- ricorda i giorni più duri della mobilita- cellati tra il 1998 e il 2000 nei nervosissimi zione a favore di Pinochet quand’era giorni di Londra. Ma ormai il giudice Ser- agli arresti domiciliari a Londra, e dice: gio Muñoz non è molto lontano dall’indi- «Io l’amavo Pinochet ma non so cosa fa- viduare la fine che hanno fatto quei soldi. rei se me lo trovassi davanti adesso. Se In questi giorni le rogatorie internaziona- avessi saputo di questo tesoro allora…». li stanno dando i loro frutti e nuovi conti di Si sente tradita Monica, presa in giro, Pinochet spuntano un po’ dappertutto: in mentre ricorda le telefonate disperate, Argentina, in Spagna, nelle Isole Vergini la gente in lacrime e lei che vendeva foto britanniche, in Gran Bretagna, alle Baha- e distintivi per pagare al generale in dif- mas e in Svizzera con una stima approssi- ficoltà i migliori avvocati d’Inghilterra. mativa che supera già i 50 milioni di dolla- L’improvvisa scoperta, a marzo, dei ri. Ma il sospetto è che ci sia molto di più tra conti segreti grazie alle indagini della investimenti nelle società di comodo off- Commissione del Senato americano ha shore e lingotti d’oro in qualche caveau di provocato un terremoto in Cile. Sotto banche svizzere. Il primo ad avere l’intui- torchio, per ora, è finita soltanto il ser- zione sull’esistenza del “tesoro” fu pro- gente Monica Ananias, per trent’anni se- prio Garzón, che poco dopo l’arresto a DOMENICA 17 LUGLIO 2005 LA DOMENICA DI REPUBBLICA 23 LA DITTATURA Il 4 settembre 1970 Salvador Allende vince le elezioni con il 36,6 % dei voti battendo una destra divisa tra due candidati (Alessandri 34,9 e Tomic 27,8). Tre anni dopo il In nome della giustizia capo delle Forze armate, Augusto Pinochet, guida un golpe che costerà la vita a più di 3000 persone. La dittatura sequestrate quel bottino dura 17 anni. Il 30 agosto 1988 Pinochet perde il plebiscito (55.2% no; 42% sì) e lascia il potere il 10 marzo 1990 LUIS SEPÚLVEDA (segue dalla copertina) a Riggs Bank — si legge nel documento — ha aper- to, con la conoscenza e il supporto della direzione «L dell’istituto, numerosi conti correnti al signor Pi- nochet, ha accettato milioni di dollari di suoi depositi sen- SOTTO ACCUSA za effettuare alcuna seria indagine sull’origine di quelle ric- chezze, ha creato società finanziarie offshore, ha aperto conti correnti a diverse di queste società, per mascherare il fatto che i fondi depositati in quei conti erano proprietà del signor Pinochet, e ha alterato i numeri dei suoi conti perso- nali per mascherarne ulteriormente la proprietà».
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