DOCSLIB.ORG

21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition) § 177.1320 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition) Maximum extractable fractions of the copolymer in the fin- Ethylene-1,4- ished form at specified tem- cyclohexylene peratures and times (ex- Test for dimethylene Inherent viscosity pressed in micrograms of the orientability Conditions of use terephthalate copolymers terephthaloyl moletles/square centimeter of food-contact sur- face) ......do ................... (5) 0.23 microgram per square ......do ................... In contact with foods and centimeter (1.5 micrograms beverages containing per square inch) of food-con- up to 50 percent (by tact surface of oriented co- volume) alcohol. Con- polymer when extracted with ditions of fill and stor- 50 percent (by volume) age not exceeding aqueous ethanol at 48.9 °C 48.9 °C (120 °F). No (120 °F) for 24 hours. thermal treatment in the container. 3. Ethylene-1,4- No test required ... For each corresponding condi- No test required ... For each corresponding cyclohexylene tion of use, must meet speci- specification, may be dimethylene fications described in used as a base sheet terephthalate copoly- § 177.1630(f), (g), (h), or (j). and base polymer in mer is the reaction accordance with con- product of dimethyl ditions of use de- terephthalate or ter- scribed in ephthalic acid with a § 177.1630(f), (g), (h), mixture containing 99 or (j). to 95 mole percent of ethylene glycol and 1 to 5 mole percent of 1,4- cyclohexanedimethan- ol (70 percent trans isomer, 30 percent cis isomer). (c) Analytical method for determination § 177.1320 Ethylene-ethyl acrylate co- of extractability. The total extracted polymers. terephthaloyl moieties can be deter- Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers mined in the extracts, without evapo- may be safely used to produce pack- ration of the solvent, by measuring the aging materials, containers, and equip- ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 240 ment intended for use in producing, nanometers. The spectrophotometer manufacturing, packing, processing, (Varian 635–D, or equivalent) is zeroed preparing, treating, packaging, trans- with a sample of the solvent taken porting, or holding food, in accordance from the same lot used in the extrac- with the following prescribed condi- tion tests. The concentration of the tions: total terephthaloyl moieties in water, 3 (a) Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copoly- percent acetic acid, and in 8 percent mers consist of basic resins produced aqueous alcohol is calculated as bis(2- by the catalytic copolymerization of hydroxyethyl terephthalate) by ref- ethylene and ethyl acrylate, to which erence to standards prepared in the ap- may have been added certain optional propriate solvent. Concentration of the substances to impart desired techno- terephthaloyl moieties in heptane is logical properties to the resin. Subject calculated as cyclic trimer to any limitations prescribed in this (C6H4CO2C2H4CO2)3, by reference to section, the optional substances may standards prepared in 95:5 percent (v/v) include: heptane: tetrahydrofuran. (1) Substances generally recognized as safe in food and food packaging. [45 FR 39252, June 10, 1980, as amended at 47 (2) Substances the use of which is FR 24288, June 4, 1982; 49 FR 25629, June 22, permitted under applicable regulations 1984; 51 FR 22929, June 24, 1986; 60 FR 57926, Nov. 24, 1995] in parts 170 through 189 of this chapter, prior sanction, or approvals. (b) The ethyl acrylate content of the copolymer does not exceed 8 percent by 262 VerDate Mar<15>2010 07:41 May 13, 2011 Jkt 223067 PO 00000 Frm 00272 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\223067.XXX 223067 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFR Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 177.1330 weight unless it is blended with poly- used in contact with food except as a ethylene or with one or more olefin co- component of articles used for pack- polymers complying with § 177.1520 or aging or holding food during cooking with a mixture of polyethylene and one provided they meet the following or more olefin copolymers, in such pro- extractability limits: portions that the ethyl acrylate con- (i) Maximum soluble fraction of 11.3 tent of the blend does not exceed 8 per- percent in xylene after refluxing and cent by weight, or unless it is used in subsequent cooling to 25 °C. a coating complying with § 175.300 or (ii) Maximum extractable fraction of § 176.170 of this chapter, in such propor- 5.5 percent when extracted with n- tions that the ethyl acrylate content hexane at 50 °C. does not exceed 8 percent by weight of (d) The provisions of paragraphs (b) the finished coating. and (c)(2) of this section are not appli- (c) Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copoly- cable to ethylene-ethyl acrylate co- mers or the blend shall conform to the polymers used in the formulation of ad- specifications prescribed in paragraph hesives complying with § 175.105 of this (c)(1) of this section and shall meet the chapter. ethyl acrylate content limits pre- [42 FR 14572, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 49 scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, FR 10108, Mar. 19, 1984] and the extractability limits pre- scribed in paragraph (c)(2) of this sec- § 177.1330 Ionomeric resins. tion, when tested by the methods pre- Ionomeric resins manufactured from scribed for polyethylene in § 177.1520. either ethylene-methacrylic acid co- (1) Specifications—(i) Infrared identi- polymers (and/or their ammonium, cal- fication. Ethylene-ethyl acrylate co- cium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, polymers can be identified by their and/or zinc partial salts), ethylene- characteristic infrared spectra. methacrylic acid-vinyl acetate copoly- (ii) Quantitative determination of ethyl mers (and/or their ammonium, cal- acrylate content. The ethyl acrylate can cium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, be determined by the infrared spectra. and/or zinc partial salts,), or meth- Prepare a scan from 10.5 microns to 12.5 acrylic acid polymers with ethylene microns. Obtain a baseline absorbance and isobutyl acrylate (and/or their po- at 11.6 microns and divide by the tassium, sodium and/or zinc partial plaque thickness to obtain absorbance salts) may be safely used as articles or per mil. From a previously prepared components of articles intended for use calibration curve, obtain the amount of in contact with food, in accordance ethyl acrylate present. with the following prescribed condi- (iii) Specific gravity. Ethylene-ethyl tions: acrylate copolymers have a specific (a) For the purpose of this section, gravity of not less than 0.920 nor more the ethylene-methacrylic acid copoly- than 0.935, as determined by ASTM mers consist of basic copolymers pro- method D1505–68 (Reapproved 1979), duced by the copolymerization of ‘‘Standard Test Method for Density of ethylene and methacrylic acid such Plastics by the Density-Gradient Tech- that the copolymers contain no more nique,’’ which is incorporated by ref- than 20 weight percent of polymer erence. Copies may be obtained from units derived from methacrylic acid, the American Society for Testing Ma- and the ethylene-methacrylic acid- terials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West vinyl acetate copolymers consist of Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428- basic copolymers produced by the co- 2959, or may be examined at the Na- polymerization of ethylene, meth- tional Archives and Records Adminis- acrylic acid, and vinyl acetate such tration (NARA). For information on that the copolymers contain no more the availability of this material at than 15 weight percent of polymer NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http:// units derived from methacrylic acid. www.archives.gov/federallregister/ (b) For the purpose of this section, codeloflfederallregulations/ the methacrylic acid copolymers with ibrllocations.html. ethylene and isobutyl acrylate consist (2) Limitations. Ethylene-ethyl acry- of basic copolymers produced by the late copolymers or the blend may be copolymerization of methacrylic acid, 263 VerDate Mar<15>2010 07:41 May 13, 2011 Jkt 223067 PO 00000 Frm 00273 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\223067.XXX 223067 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFR.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chiral Proton Catalysis: Design and Development of Enantioselective Aza-Henry and Diels-Alder Reactions
    CHIRAL PROTON CATALYSIS: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENANTIOSELECTIVE AZA-HENRY AND DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS Ryan A. Yoder Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University June 2008 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee _____________________________ Jeffrey N. Johnston, Ph.D. _____________________________ Daniel J. Mindiola, Ph.D. _____________________________ David R. Williams, Ph.D. _____________________________ Jeffrey Zaleski, Ph.D. April 24, 2008 ii © 2008 Ryan A. Yoder ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents, David and Doreen Yoder, and my sister, LeeAnna Loudermilk. Their unwavering love and support provided the inspiration for me to pursue my dreams. The sacrifices they have made and the strength they have shown continue to motivate me to be a better person each and every day. Thank you mom, dad, and little sis for being the rocks that I can lean on and the foundation that allowed me to find the happiness I have today. Without you, none of this would have been possible. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I want to thank my research advisor, Professor Jeffrey N. Johnston. I am incredibly grateful for his mentoring and guidance throughout my time in the Johnston group. He has instilled in me a solid foundation in the fundamentals of organic chemistry and at the same time has taught me how to apply innovative and creative solutions to complex problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Graft Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Onto Starch. Saponification to Starch-G-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
    Graft Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate onto Starch. Saponification to Starch-g-Poly(vinyl Alcohol) GEORGE F. FANTA, R. C. BURR, W. M. DOANE, and C. R. RUSSELL, Northern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604 Synopsis Graft polymerizations ofvinyl acetate onto granular corn starch were initiated by cobalt-60 irra­ diation of starch-monomer-water mixtures. and ungrafted poly(vinyl acetate) was separated from the graft copolymer by benzene extraction. Conversions of monomer to polymer were quantitative at a radiation dose of 1.0 IvIrad. However, over half of the polymer was present as ungrafted poly­ (vinyl acetate) (grafting efficiency less than 50%), and the graft copolymer contained only :34'1,) grafted synthetic polymer (:34% add-on). Lower irradiation doses produced lower conversions of monomer to polymer and gave graft copolymers with lower % add-on. Addition of minor amounts of acryl­ amide, methyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid as comonomers produced only small increases in % add-on and grafting efficiency. However, grafting efficiency was increased to 70% when a monomer mixture containing about 10% methyl methacrylate was used. Grafting efficiency could be increased to over 90% if the graft polymerization of vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate was carried out near O°C, although conversion of monomers to polymer was low and grafted polymer contained 40-50',\0 poly(methyl methacrylate). Selected graft copolymers were treated with methanolic sodium hy­ droxide to convert starch-g-poly(vinyl acetate) to starch-g-poly(vinyl alcohol). The molecular weight of the poly(vinyl alcohol) moiety \vas about 30,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 177.1315
    Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 177.1315 under conditions of use E through G as Food Safety and Applied Nutrition described in table 2 of § 176.170(c) of this (HFS±200), Food and Drug Administra- chapter. tion, 200 C St. SW., Washington, DC, or (d) The provisions of this section are at the Office of the Federal Register, not applicable to ethylene-acrylic acid 800 North Capitol St. NW., suite 700, copolymers used in food-packaging ad- Washington, DC. hesives complying with § 175.105 of this (3) The basic copolymer identified in chapter. paragraph (a) of this section, when ex- [42 FR 14572, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 51 tracted with the solvent or solvents FR 19060, May 27, 1986; 53 FR 44009, Nov. 1, characterizing the type of food and 1988] under the conditions of time and tem- perature characterizing the conditions § 177.1312 Ethylene-carbon monoxide of its intended use, as determined from copolymers. Tables 1 and 2 of § 176.170(c) of this The ethylene-carbon monoxide co- chapter, yields net chloroform-soluble polymers identified in paragraph (a) of extractives in each extracting solvent this section may be safely used as com- not to exceed 0.5 milligram per square ponents of articles intended for use in inch of food-contact surface when test- contact with food subject to the provi- ed by methods described in § 176.170(d) sions of this section. of this chapter. (a) Identity. For the purposes of this (4) The provisions of this section are section, ethylene-carbon monoxide co- not applicable to ethylene-carbon mon- polymers (CAS Reg.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethyl Acrylate
    Health Council of the Netherlands Ethyl acrylate Evaluation of the carcinogenicity and genotoxicity Gezondheidsraad Health Council of the Netherlands Aan de staatssecretaris van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid Onderwerp : aanbieding advies Ethyl acrylate Uw kenmerk : DGV/MBO/U-932342 Ons kenmerk : U-7413/BvdV/fs/246-D17 Bijlagen : 1 Datum : 13 november 2012 Geachte staatssecretaris, Graag bied ik u hierbij het advies aan over de gevolgen van beroepsmatige blootstelling aan ethylacrylaat. Dit advies maakt deel uit van een uitgebreide reeks waarin kankerverwekkende stoffen worden geclassificeerd volgens richtlijnen van de Europese Unie. Het gaat om stoffen waaraan mensen tijdens de beroepsmatige uitoefening kunnen worden blootgesteld. Dit advies is opgesteld door een vaste subcommissie van de Commissie Gezondheid en beroepsmatige blootstelling aan stoffen (GBBS), de Subcommissie Classificatie van carcinogene stoffen. Het advies is getoetst door de Beraadsgroep Gezondheid en omgeving van de Gezondheidsraad. Ik heb het advies vandaag ter kennisname toegezonden aan de staatssecretaris van Infrastructuur en Milieu en aan de minister van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport. Met vriendelijke groet, prof. dr. W.A. van Gool, voorzitter Bezoekadres Postadres Parnassusplein 5 Postbus 16052 2511 VX Den Haag 2500 BB Den Haag E-mail: [email protected] www.gr.nl Telefoon (070) 340 74 47 Ethyl acrylate Evaluation of the carcinogenicity and genotoxicity Subcommittee on the Classification of Carcinogenic Substances of the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety, a Committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands to: the State Secretary of Social Affairs and Employment No. 2012/19, The Hague, November 13, 2012 The Health Council of the Netherlands, established in 1902, is an independent scientific advisory body.
    [Show full text]
  • Vinyl Acetate from Ethylene, Acetic Acid and Oxygen Industrial Plant Simulation
    Vinyl Acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen Industrial Plant Simulation. J.P. Contreras, J.C. Naranjo, S. Ramírez & D.M. Martínez Chemical Engineer department, Los Andes University, Bogotá, Colombia. I.D. Gil Chemical Engineer department, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Paper # 134650 ABSTRACT The production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) represents one of the largest industries with a growth es- timate of a near 2.7% per year starting in 2008. In recent times, thanks to different studies and the importance of said product, one process has been developed based on the reaction of ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen us- ing a Pd/Au catalyst. In this work, a detailed study was made based on a simulation of the process using the Aspen Plus v2006 program and establishing the correct operation conditions. The simulated process involves, from the preparation of the raw materials until the dehydration of the monomer. The restrictions set for the simulation corresponds to the VAM composition restriction in the extractive distillation column using glycerol. INTRODUCTION Vinyl acetate is a colorless, flammable liquid that also has a characteristic smell that can quickly become irri- tating. This monomer is used principally in the production of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and other vinyl acetate co-polymers. Polyvinyl acetate is a precursor of polyvinilyc alcohol and polyvinyl acetate resins (PVA). Vinyl acetate is also copolymerized as a minor raw material for vinyl chloride and ethylene to form commercial polymers and acrylic fibers.1 Vinyl acetate is completely soluble in organic liquids but not in water. At 20º C a saturated solution of the monomer in water can contain between 2-2.4% of vinyl acetate, while a saturated water solution in vinyl ace- tate contains 1% of water.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patiented Jan.5, 1963 2 Evaporation of the Solvent, to Leave Behind a Thin, De 3,073,794 Posited Film of the Polymer
    3,073,794 United States Patent Office Patiented Jan.5, 1963 2 evaporation of the solvent, to leave behind a thin, de 3,073,794 posited film of the polymer. Basically, a suitable poly SPRAYABLE, ANHYDROUS SOLUTION OF -V. mer is a “1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer" and this is the NYL-2-PYRERODONE POLYMER IN CHELOR principal component. However, the term is also defined FLUORO HYDRO CARBON PROPELLANT George G. Stoner, Easton, Pa., assignor to General herewith to include not only the homopolymers but also a Aniline & Film Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corpor wide range of heteropolymers, copolymers, interpolymers, ration of Delaware terpolymers (three-component polymers) and, in general, No Drawing. Fied May 22, 1959, Ser. No. 814,999 polymers in which vinylpyrrollidone is either the sole com 6 (Cais. (CE. 260-33.8) ponent, a major component or a substantial component. O In the latter two instances the vinylpyrrollidone is copolym This invention relates to film-forming compositions, erized with such substances as vinyl acetate, isopropenyl and relates more particularly to sprayable film-forming acetate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl oleate, vinyl compositions which are non-flammable and non-alcoholic benzoate, and other vinyl and isopropenyl esters; vinyl and which are eminently suitable for therapeutic pur chloride, 2-chloropropene, and other vinyl and isopropenyl poses. 5 halides; methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, isopropyl This application is a continuation-in-part of my ap vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, 2-ethoxyethyl vinyl ether, plication Serial No. 580,443, filed April 25, 1956 and now phenyl vinyl ether and other vinyl ethers; acrylic acid and abandoned.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation Into the Synthesis of Poly(Co-Maleic Anhydride/Iso-Butyl Vinyl Ether) with RAFT Polymerisation
    The University of New South Wales Faculty of Engineering School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) An investigation into the Synthesis of Poly(co-maleic anhydride/iso-butyl vinyl ether) with RAFT polymerisation A Thesis in Industrial Chemistry by S. C. Lea Submitted for the degree of Masters of Science in Industrial Chemistry October 2006 Table of contents List of symbols.............................................................................................. i Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................. 1 References................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 2. Chemistry and mechanism of radical polymerisation............. 4 2.1 Free radical polymerisation ………………………………………...4 2.1.1 Initiation .................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Propagation............................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Termination ............................................................................... 7 2.1.4 Chain transfer........................................................................... 8 2.1.4.1 Transfer agents....................................................................... 9 2.1.4.2 The transfer constant Ctr and the re-initiation constant Cri... 9 2.1.5 Number and weight average molecular weight ...................... 10 2.1.6 Kinetics of FRP ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vinyl Acetate Polymer with Wet Adhesion
    Europaisches Patentamt 0 383 592 J European Patent Office Publication number: A1 Office europeen des brevets EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION C09J © Application number: 90301611.1 © mt. ci.«: C09J 133/06, 131/04, C09J 125/04, C09J 201/00, © Date of filing: 15.02.90 C09D 133/06, C09D 131/04, C09D 125/04, C09D 201/00 © Priority: 17.02.89 CA 591428 © Applicant: NACAN PRODUCTS LIMITED 60 West Drive © Date of publication of application: Brampton, Ontario, L6T 4W7(CA) 22.08.90 Bulletin 90/34 © Inventor: Boyce, A. Clarke © Designated Contracting States: 208 Burton Road DE FR GB NL SE Oakville Ontaria L6K 2K2(CA) Inventor: Farwaha, Rajeev 143-8th Street No. 108 Entobicoke Ontario M8V 3C8(CA) Inventor: Licht, Brigitte H. 291 Lakeview Avenue Burlington Ontario L7N 1Y9(CA) Inventor: Menard, Martin 311 Quevillan Varennes Quebec JOL 2B0(CA) © Representative: Smart, Peter John et al W.H. BECK, GREENER & CO 7 Stone Buildings Lincoln's Inn London WC2A 3SZ(GB) © Vinyl acetate polymer with wet adhesion. © Wet adhesion properties comparable or superior to all-acrylic latexes for vinyl acetate copolymers and other low cost polymers, such as EVA-vinyl chloride copolymers, is achieved by blending a minor proportion, usually about 5 to 15%, of a small particle size copolymer containing copolymerized wet adhesion monomer which is a 5 cyclic ureido. Very low quantities of the wet adhesion monomer, less than 0.25 wt% of total monomers, only are required to achieve excellent results. CM O> LO CO 00 CO Q- LU Xerox Copy Centre EP 0 383 592 A1 VINYL ACETATE POLYMER WITH WET ADHESION The present invention relates to imparting wet adhesion properties to vinyl acetate copolymers and other low cost polymers employed in latex compositions particularly suited for semi-gloss, gloss and flat interior and exterior paint formulations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Production of Vinyl Acetate Monomer As a Co-Product from the Non-Catalytic Cracking of Soybean Oil
    Processes 2015, 3, 619-633; doi:10.3390/pr3030619 OPEN ACCESS processes ISSN 2227-9717 www.mdpi.com/journal/processes Article The Production of Vinyl Acetate Monomer as a Co-Product from the Non-Catalytic Cracking of Soybean Oil Benjamin Jones, Michael Linnen, Brian Tande and Wayne Seames * Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, 241 Centennial Dr., Stop 7101 Grand Forks, ND 58202-7101, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (B.J.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (B.T.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-701-777-2958; Fax: +1-701-777-3773. Academic Editor: Bhavik Bakshi Received: 30 June 2015/ Accepted: 7 August 2015 / Published: 14 August 2015 Abstract: Valuable chemical by-products can increase the economic viability of renewable transportation fuel facilities while increasing the sustainability of the chemical and associated industries. A study was performed to demonstrate that commercial quality chemical products could be produced using the non-catalytic cracking of crop oils. Using this decomposition technique generates a significant concentration of C2−C10 fatty acids which can be isolated and purified as saleable co-products along with transportation fuels. A process scheme was developed and replicated in the laboratory to demonstrate this capability. Using this scheme, an acetic acid by-product was isolated and purified then reacted with ethylene derived from renewable ethanol to generate a sample of vinyl acetate monomer. This sample was assessed by a major chemical company and found to be of acceptable quality for commercial production of polyvinyl acetate and other products.
    [Show full text]
  • Vinyl Acetate
    Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 Hazard Summary Vinyl acetate is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to vinyl acetate has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of vinyl acetate in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified vinyl acetate for carcinogenicity. Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (2), which contains information on inhalation chronic toxicity of vinyl acetate and the RfC, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Acetate. (1) Uses Vinyl acetate is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol.(1) Vinyl acetate is also used as a raw material in the production of other chemicals, in adhesives, water-based paints, nonwoven textile fibers, textile sizings and finishes, paper coatings, inks, films, and lacquers. (1,2) Sources and Potential Exposure Exposure is most likely to occur in the workplace, where individuals may be occupationally exposed to vinyl acetate via inhalation or dermal contact during its manufacture or use.
    [Show full text]
  • E. a E. His at Vinylacetate/Ethylene Acrylate Terpolymer
    USOO6482878B1 12) United States Patent 10) Patent No.: US 6,482,8789 9 B1 Chu (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 19, 2002 (54) POLYURETHANE HOTMELTADHESIVES 5,021,507 A 6/1991 Stanley et al. WITH ACRYLC COPOLYMERS AND 5,189,096 A 2/1993 Boutilier et al. THERMOPLASTC RESNS 5,506,296 A 4/1996 Chenard et al. 5,866,656 A 2/1999 Hung et al. ................. 525/123 (75) Inventor: Wayne K. Chu, Tarrytown, NY (US) 5,922,805 A 7/1999 Bouttefort et al. .......... 524/590 (73) Assignee: National Starch and Chemical FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS yeteW Castle, has corporation. EP O 827 995 A2 3/1998 .......... CO9J/175/04 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this lify Eiler—Patricia A. Short patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Charles W. Almer (21) Appl. No.: 09/556,721 This invention relates to Solvent-free moisture curable one part hot melt polyurethane adhesive or Sealant compositions (22) Filed: Apr. 21, 2000 which are Solid at room temperature. In one embodiment, (51) Int. Cl." ....................... C09J 123/08; CO9J 131/04; the polyurethane adhesive or Sealant composition comprises CO9J 175/04 in percentages by weight (a) from about 20% to about 75% (52) U.S. Cl 524/271; 524/272; 525/125; of a urethane prepolymer; (b) from about 1% to about 66% O X O -- O - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s 525712. 525131 of a reactive, hydroxyl containing, or a nonreactive polymer 58) Field of Search 525127 125 formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers; and (c) (58) Field of Search ...................
    [Show full text]
  • Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate
    Ethylene-vinyl acetate From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethylene-vinyl acetate Names Other names Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate); Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate); Polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Identifiers CAS Registry Number 24937-78-8 Abbreviations EVA; PEVA PubChem 32742 UNII 4OKC630HS6 Properties Chemical formula (C2H4)n(C4H6O2)m Molar mass Variable Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), also known as poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) (PEVA), is the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The weight percent vinyl acetate usually varies from 10 to 40%, with the remainder being ethylene. It is a polymer that approaches elastomeric ("rubber-like") materials in softness and flexibility. This is distinct from a thermoplastic, in that the material is cross-linking, ergo difficult to recycle.[1][2][3] The material has good clarity and gloss, low-temperature toughness, stress-crack resistance, hot-melt adhesive waterproof properties, and resistance to UV radiation. EVA has a distinctive vinegar-like odor and is competitive with rubber and vinyl products in many electrical applications. Applications Hot melt adhesives, hot glue sticks, and top of the line soccer cleats are usually made from EVA, usually with additives like wax and resin. EVA is also used as a clinginess-enhancing additive in plastic wraps. Craft foam sheets are made of EVA and these foam sheets are popularly used for children's foam stickers. EVA is also used in biomedical engineering applications as a drug delivery device. The polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent (e.g., dichloromethane). Powdered drug and filler (typically an inert sugar) are added to the liquid solution and rapidly mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
    [Show full text]